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Топик Henry Ford. Топик по английскому: Henry Ford

Генри Форд - великий изобретатель и предприниматель, чей пример и сегодня вдохновляет нас и учит умению следовать своей цели. Мы хотим предложить вам немного вдохновения - 8 цитат Генри Форда на английском языке, которые будут мотивировать вас к учебе. Надеемся, вы возьмете пример с этого целеустремленного человека.

Многие люди боятся даже начинать учить язык, ведь их преследует страх неудачи. Им кажется, что ничего не получится, ведь в школе и университете почти все мы учили английский, но лишь немногие преуспели в этом деле. Негативный опыт из прошлого мешает нам смело сделать шаг и открыть для себя новое будущее: мы уверены, что ничего путного не получится. У Генри Форда есть замечательная мысль на эту тему.

If you think you can do a thing or think you can’t do a thing, you’re right.

Если ты уверен, что сможешь, - ты прав; если ты думаешь, что не сможешь, - тоже прав.

You can do anything if you have enthusiasm. Enthusiasm is the spark in your eye, the swing in your gait, the grip of your hand, the irresistible surge of your will and your energy to execute your ideas. Enthusiasts are fighters. Enthusiasm is at the bottom of all progress. With it there is accomplishment. Without it, there are only alibis.

При наличии энтузиазма вы можете достичь всего. Энтузиазм - это блеск ваших глаз, стремительность походки, крепость рукопожатия, непреодолимый прилив энергии и воли для претворения в жизнь ваших идей. Энтузиасты - это борцы. Энтузиазм - краеугольный камень всего прогресса! Только с ним возможен успех. Без него у вас есть только возможности.

Failure is simply the opportunity to begin again, this time more intelligently.

Неудача - это просто возможность начать снова, но уже более мудро.

When everything seems to be going against you, remember that the airplane takes off against the wind, not with it.

Когда кажется, что весь мир настроен против тебя, - помни, что самолет взлетает против ветра.

Most people spend more time and energy going around problems than in trying to solve them.

Большинство людей тратит больше времени и энергии на уход от проблем, а не на их решение.

Nothing is particularly hard if you divide it into small jobs.

Нет ничего особенно трудного, если вы разделите это на мелкие работы.

Greatest thing in life is experience. Even mistakes have value.

Величайшая вещь в жизни - опыт. Даже ошибки имеют ценность.

One of the greatest discoveries a man makes, one of his great surprises, is to find he can do what he was afraid he couldn’t do.

Одно из самых великих открытий, которые делает человек, один из самых больших сюрпризов для него - обнаружить, что он в состоянии совершить то, о чем со страхом думал, как о превосходящем его силы.

Желаем вам испытать подобное окрыляющее чувство, когда вы понимаете, что можете сделать то, о чем раньше не осмеливались даже мечтать. Успехов в изучении английского!

1. Ford, Henry (1863-1947), American industrialist, best known for his pioneering achievements in the automobile industry. Ford was born on a farm near Dearborn, Michigan, on July 30, 1863, and educated in district schools. He became a machinist"s apprentice in Detroit at the age of 16. From 1888 to 1899 he was a
mechanical engineer, and later chief engineer, with the Edison Illuminating
Company. In 1893, after experimenting for several years in his leisure hours, he
completed the construction of his first automobile, and in 1903 he founded the
Ford Motor Company.
2. In 1913 Ford began using standardized interchangeable parts and assembly-line techniques in his plant. Although Ford neither originated nor was the first to employ such practices, he was chiefly responsible for their general adoption and for the consequent great expansion of American industry and the raising of the American standard of living. By early 1914 this innovation, although greatly increasing productivity, had resulted in a monthly labor turnover of 40 to 60 percent in his factory, largely because of the unpleasant monotony of assembly-line work and repeated increases in the production quotas assigned to workers. Ford met this difficulty by doubling the daily wage then standard in the industry, raising it from about $2.50 to $5.
3. The net result was increased stability in his labor force and a substantial
reduction in operating costs. These factors, coupled with the enormous increase
in output made possible by new technological methods, led to an increase in
company profits from $30 million in 1914 to $60 million in 1916. In 1908 the
Ford company initiated production of the celebrated Model T. Until 1927, when
the Model T was discontinued in favor of a more up-to-date model, the company
produced and sold about 15 million cars.

1. Ford, Henry (1863-1947), American industrialist, best known for his pioneering achievements in the automobile industry. Ford was born on a farm near Dearborn, Michigan, on July 30, 1863, and educated in district schools. He became a machinist"s apprentice in Detroit at the age of 16. From 1888 to 1899 he was a mechanical engineer, and later chief engineer, with the Edison Illuminating Company. In 1893, after experimenting for several years in his leisure hours, he completed the construction of his first automobile, and in 1903 he founded the Ford Motor Company. 2. In 1913 Ford began using standardized interchangeable parts and assembly-line techniques in his plant. Although Ford neither originated nor was the first to employ such practices, he was chiefly responsible for their general adoption and for the consequent great expansion of American industry and the raising of the American standard of living. By early 1914 this innovation, although greatly increasing productivity, had resulted in a monthly labor turnover of 40 to 60 percent in his factory, largely because of the unpleasant monotony of assembly-line work and repeated increases in the production quotas assigned to workers. Ford met this difficulty by doubling the daily wage then standard in the industry, raising it from about $2.50 to $5. 3. The net result was increased stability in his labor force and a substantial reduction in operating costs. These factors, coupled with the enormous increase in output made possible by new technological methods, led to an increase in company profits from $30 million in 1914 to $60 million in 1916. In 1908 the Ford company initiated production of the celebrated Model T. Until 1927, when the Model T was discontinued in favor of a more up-to-date model, the company produced and sold about 15 million cars.

Определить язык Клингонский Клингонский (pIqaD) азербайджанский албанский английский арабский армянский африкаанс баскский белорусский бенгальский болгарский боснийский валлийский венгерский вьетнамский галисийский греческий грузинский гуджарати датский зулу иврит игбо идиш индонезийский ирландский исландский испанский итальянский йоруба казахский каннада каталанский китайский китайский традиционный корейский креольский (Гаити) кхмерский лаосский латынь латышский литовский македонский малагасийский малайский малайялам мальтийский маори маратхи монгольский немецкий непали нидерландский норвежский панджаби персидский польский португальский румынский русский себуанский сербский сесото словацкий словенский суахили суданский тагальский тайский тамильский телугу турецкий узбекский украинский урду финский французский хауса хинди хмонг хорватский чева чешский шведский эсперанто эстонский яванский японский Клингонский Клингонский (pIqaD) азербайджанский албанский английский арабский армянский африкаанс баскский белорусский бенгальский болгарский боснийский валлийский венгерский вьетнамский галисийский греческий грузинский гуджарати датский зулу иврит игбо идиш индонезийский ирландский исландский испанский итальянский йоруба казахский каннада каталанский китайский китайский традиционный корейский креольский (Гаити) кхмерский лаосский латынь латышский литовский македонский малагасийский малайский малайялам мальтийский маори маратхи монгольский немецкий непали нидерландский норвежский панджаби персидский польский португальский румынский русский себуанский сербский сесото словацкий словенский суахили суданский тагальский тайский тамильский телугу турецкий узбекский украинский урду финский французский хауса хинди хмонг хорватский чева чешский шведский эсперанто эстонский яванский японский Источник: Цель:

Результаты (русский ) 1:

1. Форд, Генри (1863-1947), американский промышленник, самый известный за его новаторские достижения в автомобильной промышленности. Форд родился на хуторе близ Дирборн, штат Мичиган, 30 июля 1863 года, и получил образование в школах района. он стал учеником машиниста в Детройте в возрасте до 16 лет. с 1888 по 1899 год он был
инженером-механиком, а потом главным инженером, с Эдисоном освещающие
компании. в 1893 году, после экспериментов в течение нескольких лет в часы досуга, он
завершила строительство своего первого автомобиля, а в 1903 году он основал
Ford Motor Company.
2. в 1913 году Форд начал с использованием стандартизированных сменных частей и конвейерного метода в его завода. Хотя Форд ни возникла не был первым использовать такую ​​практику,он был главным виновником их общее принятие и для последующего значительного расширения американской промышленности, повышение американского уровня жизни. К началу 1914 это нововведение, хотя значительно повысить результативность работы, привели к ежемесячной текучесть кадров от 40 до 60 процентов на его фабрике,в значительной степени из-за неприятного монотонность конвейерного работы и повторил увеличение производства назначены квоты рабочих. Форд встретила эту трудность путем удвоения дневной заработной платы, чем стандартные в индустрии, подняв его с $ 2,50 до $ 5.
3. Конечным результатом была увеличена стабильность в своей рабочей силы и существенное сокращение
эксплуатационных расходов. эти факторыв сочетании с огромным увеличением
производства стало возможным благодаря новым технологическим методам, привело к увеличению прибыли компании
от $ 30 млн в 1914 году до $ 60 млн в 1916 году. В 1908 году компания Форд
инициировал производство знаменитой модели Т. до 1927 года, когда
Model T была прекращена в пользу более соответствующий современным требованиям модели, компания
не производится и продается около 15 миллионов автомобилей.

Результаты (русский ) 2:

1. Форд, Генри (1863-1947), американский промышленник, самый известный за его новаторские достижения в автомобильной промышленности. Форд родился на ферме около Дирборн, штат Мичиган, на 30 июля 1863 и получил образование в школах района. В 16 лет он стал учеником машинист в Детройте. С 1888 по 1899 он был
механика и позже главный инженер, с Эдисон освещающей
Компания. В 1893 году, после экспериментов на несколько лет в его часы досуга он
завершено строительство своего первого автомобиля, а в 1903 году он основал
Ford Motor Company.
2. В 1913 году Форд начал, с использованием стандартных взаимозаменяемых деталей и сборочных методов в своем заводе. Хотя Ford не возникла и не был первым, чтобы использовать такой практики, Он был главным образом ответственность за их общего принятия и последующего большое расширение американской промышленности и повышение американской жизни. В начале 1914 это нововведение, хотя значительно повышения производительности труда, привели к ежемесячный текучести от 40 до 60 процентов в своем заводе, во многом из-за неприятных монотонность работы сборочных и неоднократные увеличения квоты производства, назначенные для работников. Форд встретился эту трудность, удваивая ежедневной заработной платы, то стандарт в отрасли, повышение ее от около $2,50 до $5.
3. Чистый результат был повышению стабильности в его рабочей силы и существенному
сокращение эксплуатационных расходов. Эти факторы, в сочетании с огромного увеличения
производства стало возможным благодаря новых технологических методов, привело к увеличению в
компании прибыли от $30 млн в 1914 году до 60 миллионов долларов в 1916 году. В 1908 году
Ford компания начала производство знаменитого модели т. До 1927 года когда
модель T было прекращено в пользу более современную модель, компания
произвела и продала около 15 миллионов автомобилей.

переводится, пожалуйста, подождите..

Результаты (русский ) 3:

1. Форд, Генри (1863-1947), американского Вячеславом Штыровым, известного за его новаторскую достижений в автомобильной промышленности. Форд родился на ферме недалеко от Дирборн, штат Мичиган, 30 июля 1863, и образованных в районных школ. Он стал промтеплоэнергетика, занятые в Детройте в возрасте 16 лет. С 1888 по 1899 г. он был
инженера-механика, а позднее главный инженер, с Edison освещающая
Компании. В 1893 году, после экспериментов на протяжении нескольких лет часы своего досуга, он
строительство его первой автомобильной, и в 1903 году он основал
Форд Мотор Компани.
2. В 1913 году Ford начал с помощью стандартизированных взаимозаменяемые детали и линии сборки методов в своем предприятии. Хотя Ford ни возникли и не была первой применять такой практики,Он был главным образом отвечать за их принятия и последующего большое расширение американской промышленности и подъем американской жизни. В начале 1914 года это нововведение, хотя значительно повысить производительность, привело к ежемесячной текучесть кадров от 40 процентов до 60 процентов в его на заводе,В основном из-за неприятных монотонность-линий и неоднократные увеличение квот на добычу нефти для работников. "Форд" встретился с этой трудностью, удваивая ежедневной заработной платы затем в отрасли, повышение его от около 2,50 долл. США на $5.
3. В результате была увеличена стабильность в своей рабочей силы и существенного
сокращения эксплуатационных затрат. Эти факторы,В сочетании с огромного увеличения
производства новых технологических методов, привело к увеличению расходов на
компании прибыль от $30 млн. в 1914-м году на 60 млн. долл. в 1916 году. В 1908 году
Ford компания приступила к производству прославленной модели Т. До 1927 года, когда
модель T была прекращена в пользу более свежей модели, компания
производятся и продаются около 15 млн. легковых автомобилей.

переводится, пожалуйста, подождите..

Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 - April 7, 1947) was the founder of the Ford Motor Company and is credited with contributing to the creation of a middle class in American society. He was one of the first to apply assembly line manufacturing to the mass production of affordable automobiles.

Ford was born on a prosperous farm in Springwells Township (now in the city of Dearborn, Michigan) owned by his parents, William and Mary Ford, immigrants from County Cork, Ireland. He was the eldest of six children. As a child, Henry was passionate about mechanics, preferring to tinker in his father"s shop over doing farm chores. At 13, he saw a self-propelled vehicle, a steam powered thresher, for the first time.

In 1879, he left home for the nearby city of Detroit to work as an apprentice machinist, first with James F. Flower & Bros., and later with the Detroit Dry Dock Co. In 1882, he returned to Dearborn to work on the family farm and became adept at operating the Westinghouse portable steam engine. This led to his being hired by Westinghouse company to service their steam engines. Upon his marriage to Clara Bryant in 1888 Ford supported himself by farming and running a sawmill.

In 1891, Ford became an engineer with the Edison Illuminating Company, and after his promotion to Chief Engineer in 1893, he had enough time and money to devote attention to his personal experiments on internal combustion engines. These experiments culminated in 1896 with the completion of his own self-propelled vehicle named the Quadricycle, which he test-drove on June 4 of that year.

After this initial success, Ford left Edison Illuminating and, with other investors, formed the Detroit Automobile Company. The Detroit Automobile Company went bankrupt soon afterward because Ford continued to improve the design, instead of selling cars. Ford raced his vehicles against those of other manufacturers to show the superiority of his designs. With his interest in race cars, he formed a second company, the Henry Ford Company. During this period, he personally drove his Quadricycle to victory in a race against Alexander Winton, a well-known driver and the heavy favorite on October 10, 1901. Ford was forced out of the company by the investors, including Henry M. Leland in 1902, and the company was reorganized as Cadillac.

Ford Motor Company.

Henry Ford, with eleven other investors and $28,000 in capital, incorporated the Ford Motor Company in 1903. In a newly-designed car, Ford drove an exhibition in which the car covered the distance of a mile on the ice of Lake St. Clair in 39.4 seconds, which was a new land speed record. Convinced by this success, the famous race driver Barney Oldfield, who named this new Ford model "999" in honor of a racing locomotive of the day, took the car around the country and thereby made the Ford brand known throughout the U.S. Henry Ford was also one of the early backers of the Indianapolis 500.

In 1908, the Ford company released the Model T. From 1909 to 1913, Ford entered stripped-down Model Ts in races, finishing first (although later disqualified) in an "ocean-to-ocean" (across the USA) race in 1909, and setting a one-mile oval speed record at Detroit Fairgrounds in 1911 with driver Frank Kulick. In 1913, Ford attempted to enter a reworked Model T in the Indianapolis 500, but was told rules required the addition of another 1,000 pounds (450 kg) to the car before it could qualify. Ford dropped out of the race, and soon thereafter dropped out of racing permanently, citing dissatisfaction with the sport"s rules and the demands on his time by the now-booming production of the Model Ts.

Racing was, by 1913, no longer necessary from a publicity standpoint because the Model T was already famous and ubiquitous on American roads. It was in this year that Henry Ford introduced the moving assembly belts into his plants, which enabled an enormous increase in production. Although Ford is often credited with the idea, contemporary sources indicate that the concept and its development came from employees Clarence Avery, P.E".Ed" Martin, Charles E. Sorensen, and C.H. Wills.

By 1918, half of all cars in America were Model Ts. The design, fervently promoted and defended by Henry Ford, would continue through 1927 (well after its popularity had faded), with a final total production of fifteen million vehicles. This was a record which would stand for the next 45 years. Ford said, "Any customer can have a car painted any colour that he wants so long as it is black".

On January 1, 1919, after unsuccessfully seeking a seat in the United States Senate, Henry Ford turned the presidency of Ford Motor Company over to his son Edsel, although still maintaining a firm hand in its management - few company decisions under Edsel"s presidency were made without approval by Henry, and those few that were, Henry often reversed. Also at this time, Henry and Edsel purchased all remaining stock from other investors, thus becoming sole owners of the company. The company remained privately held by the family until 1956, when the family allowed a public offering of a portion of the company without ceding control.

By the mid 1920"s, sales of the Model T began to decline due to rising competition. Other auto makers offered payment plans through which consumers could buy their cars, which usually included more modern mechanical features and styling not available with the Model T. Despite urgings from Edsel, Henry steadfastly refused to incorporate new features into the Model T or to form a customer credit plan.

The Model T"s key to success was the fact that it had been made in the assembly line, which allowed for many different cars to be made consecutively, identically and much faster than other hand made vehicles. The cars sales triggered the modern era of vehicles. For the first time everyone could own a car, the downside was that every Model T produced after 1913, (the year the assembly line was created) was painted black because the paint dried a lot faster than any other color. The Model T was a very simple car, as simple as it could be made. One screw held 10 or 20 parts. But that"s what made it unique. Henry Ford"s assembly line was so unique that it turned the Ford Motor Company into a Giant, (and became a tool for every other industry that creates merchandise in the assembly line, of course the assembly line does not use people anymore, but uses robots) while the other car companies were still stuck with the technologies of the earlier days. By 1928 there were about 30 million cars world wide. Half of these were Ford Model Ts.

The Model A and later.

By 1926, flagging sales of the Model T convinced Henry of what Edsel had been suggesting for some time: a new model was necessary. The elder Ford pursued the project with a great deal of technical expertise in design of the engine, chassis, and other mechanical necessities, while leaving it to his son to develop the body design. Edsel also managed to prevail over his father"s initial objections in the inclusion of a sliding-shift transmission. The result was the highly successful Ford Model A, introduced December, 1927 and produced through 1931, with a total output of over four million automobiles. Subsequently, the company adopted an annual model change system similar to that in use by automakers today.

During the thirties, Ford also overcame his objection to finance companies, and the Ford-owned Universal Credit Company became a major car financing operation.

Henry Ford long had an interest in plastics developed from agricultural products, especially soybeans. Soybean-based plastics were used in Ford automobiles throughout the 1930s in plastic parts such as car horns, in paint, etc. This project culminated in 1942, when on January 13 Ford patented an automobile made almost entirely of plastic, attached to a tubular welded frame. It weighed 30% less than a standard car of the same size, and was said to be able to withstand blows ten times greater than could steel. Furthermore, it ran on grain alcohol (ethanol) instead of gasoline. The design never caught on.

On May 26, 1943, Edsel Ford died, leaving a vacancy in the company presidency. Henry Ford advocated Harry Bennett to take the spot. Edsel"s widow Eleanor, who had inherited Edsel"s voting stock, wanted her son Henry Ford II to take over the position. The issue was settled for a period when Henry himself, at the age of 79, took over the presidency personally. Henry Ford II was released from the navy and became an executive vice president, while Harry Bennett had a seat on the board and was responsible for personnel, labor relations, and public relations.

The company saw hard times during the next two years, losing $10 million a month. President Franklin D. Roosevelt considered a federal bailout for Ford Motor Company so that wartime production could continue. By 1945 Henry Ford"s senility was quite evident, and his wife and daughter-in-law forced his resignation in favor of his grandson, Henry Ford II.

Ford"s labor philosophy.

Henry Ford had very specific thoughts on relations with his employees. On January 5, 1914 Ford announced his five-dollar a day program. The program called for a reduction in length of the workday from 9 to 8 hours and a raise in minimum daily pay from $2.34 to $5 for qualifying workers. Ford labeled the increased compensation as profit sharing rather than wages. The wage was offered to men over the age of 22, who had worked at the company for 6 months or more, and, importantly, conducted their lives in a manner of which Ford approved. The company established a Sociological Department complete with 150 investigators and support staff in order to verify this last point. Even with these requirements a large percentage of workers were able to qualify for the profit sharing.

In 1926, Ford instituted the five-day, forty-hour work-week, effectively inventing the modern weekend. In granting workers an extra day off, Ford ensured leisure time for the working class. The "short week" as Ford called it in a contemporary interview, was required so that the country could "absorb its production and stay prosperous".

Conversely, Ford was adamantly against labor unions in his plants. To forestall union activity, he promoted Harry Bennett, a former Navy boxer, to be the head of the Service Department. Bennett employed various intimidation tactics to squash union organizing. The most famous incident, in 1937, was a bloody brawl between company security men and organizers that became known as The Battle of the Overpass.

Ford was the last Detroit automaker to recognize the United Auto Workers union (UAW). A sit-down strike by the UAW union on April 2, 1941 closed the River Rouge Plant. Under pressure from Edsel and his wife, Clara, Henry Ford finally agreed to collective bargaining at Ford plants, and the first contract with the UAW was signed in June 1941.

Ford suffered an initial stroke in 1938, after which he turned over the running of his company to Edsel. Edsel"s 1943 death brought Henry Ford out of retirement. In ill health, he ceded the presidency to his grandson Henry Ford II on September 21, 1945, and went into retirement. He died in 1947 of a cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 83 in Fair Lane, his Dearborn estate, and is buried in the Ford Cemetery in Detroit.

Топик по английскому: Henry FordHenry Ford

Henry Ford was born on July 30, 1863 to William and Mary Ford. He was the first of six children. He grew up in a rich farming household in Dearborn, Michigan. He enjoyed a typical childhood, spending his days in a one-room schoolhouse and doing farm chores. Ever since he was young, he showed an interest for the mechanical aspect of things, and how they worked and functioned. He used to take things apart and put them back together to get an idea of the inner workings of basic mechanical tools (Nevins, 47 - 50).

In 1879, at a young age of 16, he left his home to travel to the near by city of Detroit to work as an apprentice for a machinist. He occasionally returned home to work on the farm. He remained an apprentice for three years and then returned to Dearborn. During the next few years, Henry divided his time between operating and repairing steam engines, finding occasional work in Detroit factories, and working on his fathers broken down farm equipment, as well as lending an unwilling hand with other farm work. Henry got married to Clara Bryant in 1888 Henry supported himself and his wife by running a sawmill (Collier, 145 - 152).

In 1891, Henry became an engineer with the Edison Illumination Company. This was an important event in his life because it signified that he had made a conscious career move into industrial pursuits. He was promoted to Chief Engineer in 1893. This gave him enough time and money to devote attention to his personal experiments on internal combustion engines (Lacey 13 - 14).

The high point of this research came with the completion of his own self-propelled vehicle, the Quadricycle. This bike had four wire wheels and was steered with a tiller, like a boat. It had two forward speeds, and no reverse. Although this was not the first self-propelled vehicle, it set Henry Ford as one of the major pioneers whom helped this nation become one of motorists (Head 22 - 24).

Ford decided that he wanted to become an automobile manufacturer. After two unsuccessful tries, Ford motor company was finally incorporated in 1903 with Henry Ford as the Vice President and Chief Engineer. When the company first started it was only producing a few cars a day at the Ford factory on Mack Avenue in Detroit. A group of two or three men would work on one car from components made to order by other companies (Lewis 99 - 100)

Ford realized his dream of producing an automobile that was reasonable priced, reliable and efficient with the introduction of the Model T in 1908. This vehicle iniated a new era in personal transportation. It was easy to operate, maintain, and could handle rough roads. It was also very reasonably priced at 850 dollars. The cars sold fast and for the first time, the middle class could afford a car. By 1920, about 4 million Model T"s were sold (Lewis, 103 - 105).

The model T revolutionized America in many different ways. For example, while the Model T was in production, the assembly line was used on a large scale. The assembly line was a powered chain that brought the chassis of the car to each of its parts. The parts were then attached to the chassis of the car and moved on to the next station. It usually took fourteen hours to build one Model T, and with the assembly line it only took six. Henry built a huge factory based on the assembly line. The assembly line added more jobs and significantly lowered the cost of production (Nevins, 65 - 67).

Since the assembly line, Ford was able to produce many more cars than usual, therefore increasing profits. Since the profits were increased, Henry was able to raise the workers" salaries from $2.50 an hour to $5.00 an hour. He also cut the workday to only eight hours a day, making the workers very happy. People from all over the nation tried to get a job working at the Ford Motor Company because the wages were so good. Also since the assembly line increased profits, Henry was able to sell Model T"s for a cheaper price. In 1915, the price of the Model T"s went down to $490 (Lacey, 27 -29).

Fords assembly lines didn"t always manufacture cars. In early 1941 the Ford was granted government contracts whereby he was to manufacture parts for bombers and later, the entire airplane. He then launched the construction of a huge plant at Willow Run, Michigan. By the end of the War, the plant had manufactured more than 8000 planes (Collier, 160).

In the period of 1937 to 1941, the Ford Company became the only major manufacturers of automobiles in the Detroit area that had not recognized any labor unions as the collective bargaining representative of employees. The company was later found guilty of repeated violation of the national Labor Relations Act (Nevins, 69 -70).

Henry Ford was active in many other fields besides those of automobile and airplane manufacturing. In 1915, he had world peace on his mind. He chartered a peace ship, which carried him and a number of like-minded individuals to Europe, where they attempted without success to persuade the close-minded to end WWI (Lacey, 33).

While still working at his company, Henry was also nominated for the U. S. Senate for the state of Michigan in 1918, though he was defeated. In 1919 Ford laid out 7.5 million of his own money to erect the Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit (Head, 27 - 28).

As Ford was getting older, he retired from the active direction of his gigantic enterprise in 1945. Two years later, on April 7 1947, Ford died in Dearborn, Michigan. Ford left behind a personal fortune estimated between 500 and 700 million (Lacey, 20-21).

In conclusion, Henry Ford was a very important part of our society. He was responsible for many inventions, including the Model T. His biggest contribution was revolutionizing and perfecting the assembly line.

1.Генри Форд был изобретателем, меценатом и успешным американским бизнесменом. Форд был основателем все еще популярной компании "Ford Motor Company", первым успехом которого был автомобиль Ford Model T", который был выпущен в 1908 году. Генри Форд изменил путь, по которому машины проектировались и строились, вводя сборочную линию завода по производству транспортных средств в массовых количествах, что привело к снижению цен для потребителей и быстрому росту автомобильной собственности на всей территории Соединенных Штатов. Генри Форма родился 30 июля 1863 года в Диарбоне, Мичиган, Соединенные Штаты.
2. Родители Форда были ирландскими иммигрантами, их семья жила на ферме вместе с генри,который был самым старшим из 6 детей. В семье было хорошее воспитание с приличным доходом, однако Генри считал,что там было слишком много работы,но недостаточно дохода с земель. Форд начал свою карьеру в качестве ученика машиниста в 1879 году
, а затем вернулся на ферму семьи в 1882,прежде чем начать работу с компанией Westinghouse,улучшая их паровые двигатели. Затем Форд пошел работать на Edison Illuminating Company, гдев 1893 стал главным инженером.Генри Форду всегда нравились механические вещи, он всегда пытался улучшить или создать более полезную технику. В 1893 он создал свой первый автомобиль с бензиновым двигателем типа «багги» или Квадрацикл, который был абсолютно самоходным. Затем он основал Detroit Automobile Company с несколькими другими инвесторами, чтобы улучшить его дизайн, но вскоре после этого компания обанкротилась. Затем Форд основал Henry Ford Company,которую он тоже покинул,прежде чем в конце концов, основать Ford Motor Company в 1903 году.
3. Ford Motor Company выпустила самый успешный автомобиль Модели T в 1908 году. Как правило, автомобили раньше строились по одному и были доступны только очень богатым людям, но Форд продолжает улучшать путь,по которому создавались автомобили. В 1913 автомобили были массово выпущены одной из первых движущейся линией сборки. В 1918 году половиной из общего количества автомобилей в Соединенных Штатах являлась Модель Т, 15 млн. автомобилей были проданы, и производство Модели T было окончательно остановлено в 1927 году. Форд также интересовался в политике, но никогда не был успешным как политик, и безуспешно баллотировался в Сенат как демократ. Он также имел твердые политические взгляды о труде, и как рабочая сила должна быть расценена. Он платил своим работникам больше денег за меньшее число рабочих дней и сделал 5-ти дневную 40-часовую рабочую неделю нормальной частью трудовой жизни. Генри Форд создал Ford Foundation в 1936 году, чтобы содействовать развитию человеческого благосостояния за счет исследовательских грантов, образовательных грантов и развития. В 1947 году, в возрасте 83 Генри Форд умер от кровоизлияние в мозг, и был похоронен на Ford Cemetery в Детройте.