Negative significance of bacteria for humans presentation. The role of bacteria in nature and human life. Bacteria of decay and decomposition

“Exponent with a negative exponent” - Calculate: Solve the problem. Solve the equation. Follow the steps. A degree with a negative exponent. Simplify the expression:

“Division of negative numbers” - We need to repeat the division of negative numbers and numbers with different signs. Compare with zero. WELL DONE! Right. When dividing numbers with different signs, you get a negative answer. Guys! Remember! The absolute value of a number. Dividing two negative numbers results in a positive number. Find the quotient. So, let's summarize...

“Negative number” - What number is intended? Classwork. Writing negative numbers. If Zhu sells 200 yuan of rice now, he will earn 3 yuan per 1 yuan. Task. Rules for dealing with positive and negative numbers. The mathematician Diophantus used negative numbers in calculations. Solving equations. Lesion? The Ancient East.

“Fungi and Bacteria” - Prepare riddles about these groups of organisms. A crossword puzzle is drawn on the board. Lesson plan. "Auction". Goal: What disease agent is named after me? Lichens. Answer the questions. 1. Organizational moment. Questions from Robert Koch. Seaweed. Messages must be creative and accompanied by drawings.

“Negative numbers” - A complete and completely rigorous theory of negative numbers was created only in the 19th century (William Hamilton and Hermann Grassmann). Ancient Greek mathematician Diophantus. We think of negative numbers as something natural, but this was not always the case. Higher than nothing and lower than nothing. The first information about negative numbers was found among Chinese mathematicians in the second century BC.

Slide 1

Bacteria in human life

The structure of bacteria Bacteria and industry Bacteria and diseases Experience (the effect of bacteria on food)

Slide 2

Structure

Bacteria are primitive single-celled organisms that are microscopic in size. The size of bacteria is measured in micrometers (µm). (1 micron is equal to 10-6m). The average size of a bacterial cell is from 0.1 to 28 microns. The bacterial cell is surrounded by a dense membrane, thanks to which it maintains a constant shape. The strength of the shell is given by murein, which is characteristic only of bacteria and is not found in plant and animal cells. The nuclear substance is located in the cytoplasm, since bacteria do not have a formed nucleus. Many bacteria are motile, and this mobility is due to the presence of one or more flagella. The flagellum can rotate at a speed of 3000 rpm. The speed is high when compared to the speed of a person. A person moving at such a speed would cover 20-30 km in an hour, not 4-5.

Slide 3

Bacteria and industry

Given the variety of chemical reactions bacteria catalyze, it is not surprising that they have been widely used in manufacturing, in some cases since ancient times. Prokaryotes share the glory of such microscopic human assistants with fungi, primarily yeast, which provide most of the processes of alcoholic fermentation, for example, in the production of wine and beer. Now that it has become possible to introduce useful genes into bacteria, causing them to synthesize valuable substances such as insulin, the industrial application of these living laboratories has received a new powerful incentive.

Slide 4

Bacteria are the causative agents of many diseases. Such bacteria are called pathogenic. Bacteria can cause diseases in plants, animals, and humans. In humans, bacteria cause diseases such as tonsillitis, typhoid, cholera, dysentery, tetanus, tuberculosis and others, about 200 in total.

Slide 5

Food industry

Currently, bacteria are used by this industry mainly for the production of cheeses, other fermented milk products and vinegar. The main chemical reactions here are the formation of acids. Thus, when producing vinegar, bacteria of the genus Acetobacter oxidize the ethyl alcohol contained in cider or other liquids to acetic acid. Similar processes occur when cabbage is sauerkraut: anaerobic bacteria ferment the sugars contained in the leaves of this plant into lactic acid, as well as acetic acid and various alcohols.

Slide 6

Experience (Identification of the effects of bacteria on food)

We took three cans. Raw milk was poured into 2 jars, and boiled milk was poured into the third jar. We covered one jar with raw milk and one with boiled milk. Observation was carried out over 3 days. The results were as follows. Raw milk in a jar with an uncovered lid is sour. An unpleasant odor appeared in the other two cans, which was stronger in unboiled milk. Analyzing the results of the experiment, we came to the conclusion that putrefaction bacteria spoiled the milk, and lactic acid fermentation bacteria turned it into curdled milk, which can be eaten.

HISTORY OF BACTERIA DEVELOPMENT

Bacteria appeared on Earth 3.5 billion years ago.

The first soil was created by heterotrophic bacteria.

The composition of air on Earth was determined by cyanobacteria.

Bacteria took part in the creation of natural gas and oil.

NODULE BACTERIA

CLOVER

BEANS

PEAS

Bacteria improve soil fertility by converting atmospheric nitrogen into forms available to plants.

The mutually beneficial existence of organisms of different species is called symbiosis.

ROT BACTERIA

Heterotrophic bacteria increase soil fertility by processing animal, plant and household waste, and converting organic substances into inorganic substances available to plants.

Appearance of decay bacteria

FERMENTATION BACTERIA

The participation of bacteria in the fermentation process makes them indispensable in production.

Appearance of fermentation bacteria

SAUERKRAUT

SOUR CREAM

SOLD VASH

VINEGAR

PRODUCTION BACTERIA

A person can use strictly defined types of specially bred bacteria to obtain the desired product.

ANTIBIOTICS

KEFIR

YOGURT

BACTERIA HARMFUL TO HUMAN

EXAMPLES

PLAGUE BACTERIA

BACTERIA PRODUCING BOTULIN POISON

CHOLERA BACTERIA

TYPHUS BACTERIA

TUBERCULOSIS BACTERIA

TETANUS BACTERIA

BIOLOGICAL DICTANT 1) Primitive unicellular, nuclear-free organisms are ..... 2) Bacteria that have a spherical shape are called ..... 3) Rod-shaped bacteria are .... 4) Spiral-shaped bacteria are called ..... 5) Bacteria in the shape of a comma are called .... 6) Bacteria that feed on ready-made organic substances are ...... 7) Bacteria that feed on organic substances of living organisms are classified as ..... 8) In unfavorable conditions, bacteria form ......

Louis Pasteur (1822 – 1895) Founder of medical microbiology and immunology Studied lactic acid fermentation Discovered butyric acid bacteria (anaerobes) PASTEURIZATION method (up to degrees) VACCINATION method (vaccines against rubella, anthrax, rabies)

Pathogenic bacteria DISEASE is a consequence of the activity of pathogenic bacteria. Infectious diseases: -diphtheria, tuberculosis (with sneezing, coughing) -Dysentery, typhoid fever, cholera (through water), plague (flea bites) -Anthrax, tetanus, gas gangrene (soil getting into the wound) -Botulism (in canned food, meat, fish - without access to oxygen) - Plague, glanders, tularemia - OZ

"Chemosynthesis" - Methanobacteria. Some chemosynthetics (in particular, sulfur bacteria) are used for wastewater treatment. Chemosynthesis was discovered in 1887 by S. N. Vinogradsky. Chemosynthesis is... Chemosynthesis. Iron bacteria. Nitrifying bacteria. This method of obtaining energy is used only by bacteria. Information support for the lesson.

“Structure and significance of bacteria” - The cells of many bacteria have non-chromosomal genetic elements - plasmids. Bacteria play a huge role in both the biosphere and human life. Discovered in 1887 by S.N. Vinogradsky. Physiology of bacteria. Flagella. The source of hydrogen for the reduction of carbon dioxide is water. Humans also use bacteria to purify wastewater.

“Chemosynthesis of bacteria” - Molecular oxygen that appeared in the Earth’s atmosphere acted as a strong oxidizing agent. Nitrifying bacteria - oxidize ammonia to nitrates. Anaerobic chemoautotrophs. Bacteria also come into play, working with hydrogen, nitrogen compounds and methane. Back in 1887, Russian microbiologist S.N. Winogradsky discovered bacterial chemosynthesis.

“Fungi and Bacteria” - Mushrooms. Setting lesson goals and objectives, familiarizing yourself with the lesson plan. 2.Warm up. Seaweed. "The fifth is odd." Answer the questions. Repeat and summarize the knowledge acquired on the topic. 1. Organizational moment. Lesson content: Spirogyra, chlorella, ulotrix, ulva, kelp. Hyphae, mycelium, basidia, sclerotia, rhizoids.