Obesity treatment is medicinal and effective. Lists of approved and prohibited anti-obesity pills - the whole truth about their effects on the body. Name of obesity pills

Diet pills are the most effective drugs in reducing excess weight. Pharmaceutical companies, together with scientists, are constantly developing new tools and effective methods to combat obesity. According to statistics, every tenth inhabitant of the Earth uses them. Now one of your friends uses them 100%.

So I decided to lose weight and took a pill, wanted to gain weight, and ate a pie. . Everything is approximately the same, the only point is that the more effective the product, the more harmful it is. Our article presents drugs that really help you lose weight.

Undoubtedly, the most effective diet pills are evidence-based medications. They have been studied inside and out. They have a clear, predictable result. The understanding that it is important not only to lose excess weight, but also to maintain what has been achieved without experiencing negative consequences, comes later. Moving slowly and confidently towards your intended goal is much more reliable than moving quickly and with a bad prognosis.

“Safe” and effective diet pills sold in pharmacies. You can take it for a year or more. Minimal side effects.

• Release form: capsules.
• The active substance is Orlistat.
• Average price: 2270 rub.

Compound

One capsule contains:

• orlistat – 120 mg, microcrystalline cellulose – 93.60 mg, sodium carboxymethyl starch (Primogel) – 7.20 mg, povidone K-30 – 12.00 mg, sodium lauryl sulfate – 7.20 mg;
• excipients: talc – 0.24 mg;
• capsule shell composition: gelatin, indigo carmine, titanium dioxide.

When taken, it blocks lipase, thereby preventing excess fat accumulation.

Side effects: mainly associated with changes in stool. Frequent loose stools are possible, accompanied by cramping abdominal pain and violent gas formation in the intestines. In this case, steatorrhea is observed - an excess amount of fat in the stool.

Other medicines with Orlistat:

• Xenalten,
• Orsoten Slim
• "Allie"
• "Orlislim"
• "Orlimax"
• "Xenistat"
• "Listata" and others.

An effective drug sold in pharmacies used for weight loss. Contains sibutramine in combination with cellulose. Sold strictly according to prescription. Unlike analogues containing sibutramine, it exhibits fewer side effects.

• Release form: capsules.
• Active ingredient: Sibutramine.
• Consultation with a doctor is required
• Price: from 643.00 rub. up to 7995.00 rub.
• Not recommended for women during pregnancy

Capsule composition:

• Sibutramine hydrochloride monohydrate 10 mg; 15 mg;
• for a dosage of 10 mg: titanium dioxide dye, erythrosine dye, proprietary blue dye, gelatin;
• for a dosage of 15 mg: titanium dioxide dye, patented blue dye, gelatin.

Medicines containing sibutramine:

• – sibutramine 10 mg, 15 mg; Cellulose 850 mg, metformin 158.5 mg;
• Goldline – capsules 10 mg, 15 mg;
• – capsules 10 mg; microcrystalline cellulose 158.5 mg,
• Slimia – capsules 10 mg, 15 mg, prohibited
• – 15 mg capsules, prohibited
• Meridia – capsules 10 mg, 15 mg, prohibited

3. Neurosystem 7 for people striving for an ideal figure

This is a remedy that helps eliminate extra pounds, regardless of the reason for their appearance. Guaranteed to remove excess weight, designed for use by men and women.

Consists only of safe components, each of which performs an important function.

The product has the form of a liquid distributed in ampoules. It does not contain synthetic components or other substances with toxic or mutagenic effects.

Compound

• Yacon root extract is a source of dietary fiber and substances that promote high-quality cleansing of the body from toxins, waste products, stimulating the process of fat breakdown;
• a complex of living prebiotics to restore digestion, metabolism and the breakdown of fat deposits;
• evening primrose extract - a component due to which the restoration and reconfiguration of neural connections occurs, eliminating nervousness against the background of weight loss;
• Cissus quadrangular extract - a component responsible for restoring the functionality of all internal systems and organs;
• fennel fruit extract - a component responsible for harmonizing the digestion process and accelerating metabolism;
• wild saffron extract is a powerful natural fat burner that gets rid of unsightly deposits on the waist and hips, helps tighten the skin and improve overall well-being;
• Chromium picolinate is a natural compound that literally turns off the feeling of hunger and eliminates cravings for unhealthy, high-calorie foods.

The medicine suppresses appetite and reduces weight (anorexigenic effect).

Active ingredient: Mazindol

Release form: tablets of 1 mg in a package of 20; 100 pcs.

Complex treatment of alimentary (primary) obesity/fat accumulation due to constant overeating.

The patient has adiposogenital dystrophy - excess weight due to significant metabolic disorders.

Combined with a number of medications (for the treatment of obesity).

A necessary condition for complex therapy is a low-calorie diet and fasting days.

Used for the treatment of nutritional obesity to eliminate excess body weight. It affects the centers of hunger and satiety, which are located in the intermediate part of the brain, as a result of which a decrease in appetite is observed.

1 tablet contains: Madar trit. D4 250 mg; additional substances: lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate.

Average price in a pharmacy in the Russian Federation for 100 tablets: 2500 rubles.

Chocolate for weight loss Chocolate Slim

Allows you to enjoy the taste of chocolate and at the same time lose weight.
A unique natural complex that allows you to lose excess weight quickly and without discomfort. In addition, a small pleasant additional effect is the elimination of pimples and blackheads.

Compound

• Green coffee beans suppress appetite, invigorate and fill with energy.
• Natural cocoa accelerates the oxidation of fats, strengthens the immune system while losing weight, suppresses cravings for sweets, and produces dopamine.
• Acai berries contain cyanidin, which blocks the development of fat cells - a natural source of antioxidants.
• Chia seeds fill you with energy and prevent the deposition of fat in problem areas.
• Lingzhi mushroom extract normalizes fat metabolism and improves the functioning of the entire body. Reduces blood cholesterol levels.
• Goji berries are a natural fat burner - with them fat stops being deposited.

Tableted hypoglycemic drug of the biguanide class for oral administration.

This drug is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, especially in overweight and obese individuals who still have normal renal function.

When prescribed correctly, metformin causes few side effects (of which gastrointestinal distress is the most common) and is associated with a low risk of hypoglycemia.

Metformin reduces blood glucose concentrations by inhibiting glucose production (gluconeogenesis) in the liver.

Indications for use

• Diabetes mellitus type II (non-insulin dependent) with ineffective diet therapy, especially in obese patients:
• As monotherapy or combination therapy with other oral hypoglycemic agents or with insulin for the treatment of adults.
• As monotherapy or combination therapy with insulin for the treatment of children over 10 years of age.

burning fat

Cleansing the body of slagging, toxins and excess water

Acceleration of metabolism

The ability to eat any food and not gain weight

Normalization of metabolic processes in the body, insulin secretion

Cleansing the body of toxins and wastes

Restoration of intestinal microflora, strengthening of its peristalsis

Tablet antihyperglycemic drug. Used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, especially in people with overweight, obesity, while maintaining normal kidney function

Active ingredient: metformin

Metformin, like other biguanides, enhances the synthesis of GLUT transporters, which leads to easier transport of glucose into the cell.

In this case, the need for large quantities of insulin disappears, and its level returns to normal. This leads to a decrease in the amount of fat deposits. Other mechanisms underlie this effect of Metformin

Metformin reduces the level of lipids (fatty compounds) in the blood plasma - cholesterol, triglyceride fats, low-density lipoproteins. The latter are responsible for the development of atherosclerosis.

Slim Biotic

Unlike other means, the program is designed for 7 days of step-by-step use, thanks to the gradual effects, sustainable weight loss is ensured, all digestion processes are accelerated, and the weight does not return even after completing the course.

• Effective fat burning
• Reduced cravings for sweet and unhealthy foods
• Accelerate weight loss
• Normalization of metabolism
• Increasing the fat burning process
• Getting rid of edema
• Decreased appetite, relief from overeating
• Total blocking of fat deposits!

Active substances:
Prebiotic fibers. Restore intestinal microflora and also fight bloating.
Sibuxal. Relieves the feeling of hunger, reduces weight, activates metabolism.

Seaweed Lithothamnium calcalerum. Fills the body with useful substances, starts the fat burning process, and has a positive effect on the cardiovascular system.

Microcrystalline cellulose. Removes toxic substances, toxins, cleanses the intestines, and also fights cellulite.
Slim Biotic contains only natural ingredients that help you lose excess weight without harm to your health. Natural substances are easily absorbed by the body and also provide additional energy!

10.

One tablet contains:

• Active ingredient: metformin hydrochloride – 500/850/1000 mg;
• Auxiliary ingredients: povidone 20/34/40 mg, magnesium stearate 5.0/8.5/10.0 mg.

Glucophage is an oral hypoglycemic drug from the biguanide group.
Increases the sensitivity of peripheral receptors to insulin, stimulates the uptake of glucose by muscle cells.

Inhibits gluconeogenesis in the liver. Delays the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestines. Has a beneficial effect on lipid metabolism: reduces total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL levels.

Take glucophage for weight loss 500 mg 3 times a day before meals. If you have loose stools, it may be due to too many carbohydrates. If nausea is observed, the dose should be reduced by 2 times. Glucophage should be taken in courses lasting no more than 3 weeks.

How it works: Liraglutide is an analogue of the drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes called Victoza, only with a higher dose of the active substance. This drug mimics the effects of a gut hormone that tells the brain when the stomach is full.

Is liraglutide approved for long-term use? Yes.

Side effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, decreased blood pressure and increased appetite. Serious side effects may include rapid heartbeat, pancreatitis, gallbladder disease, kidney problems, and suicidal thoughts. Studies have shown that liraglutide causes thyroid tumors in animals, but whether it can cause thyroid cancer in humans is not yet known.

What else you should know: If you have not lost 4% of your weight after 16 weeks of taking Liraglutide, your doctor may recommend stopping it because the drug is unlikely to be effective for you.

Doctors may prescribe medications containing this active ingredient under the trade names Adipex or Suprenza.

Is Phentermine Approved for Long-Term Use? No. This product is approved for short-term use (a few weeks).

Side effects may be serious, including increased blood pressure or increased heart rate, anxiety, dizziness, tremors, insomnia, shortness of breath, chest pain, and difficulty performing certain tasks. Less serious side effects include dry and bad taste in the mouth, diarrhea, constipation and vomiting.

As with some other appetite suppressants, there is a risk of addiction.

Avoid taking phentermine late at night as it may cause insomnia.

If you use insulin to treat diabetes, be sure to consult your doctor before starting to use phentermine, as you may need to adjust your insulin dose.

You should not take phentermine if you have a history of heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure, or uncontrolled high blood pressure. You should also not take this medication if you have glaucoma, hyperthyroidism or drug abuse, or if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.

What else you should know: Phentermine is an amphetamine. Due to the risk of addiction, such stimulant medications are available only with a special prescription.

Biocomplex

Biocomplex is a radically new product in the weight loss system. The drug complex is developed taking into account all the physiological needs of the body and gradually normalizes metabolism.

This means that during the course of using the Biocomplex, your body at the muscular level will tune in to correct eating behavior and reduce fat mass to the absolute norm.

Appetite suppression
Reducing cravings for junk food
Breakdown of subcutaneous fat
Consolidation of the obtained result

How it works: reduces appetite.

Qsymia combines phentermine with the anticonvulsant drug topiramate. Topiramate causes weight loss in several ways, including helping you feel full, making food taste less attractive, and helping you burn calories.

Is it approved for long-term use? Yes. Qsymia contains much lower dosages of phentermine and topiramate than medications that contain these substances separately.

Side effects: The most common are tingling sensations in the arms and legs, dizziness, changes in taste, insomnia, constipation, dry mouth.

Serious side effects include certain birth defects (cleft lip, cleft palate), rapid heartbeat, suicidal thoughts or attempts, and eye problems that can lead to permanent vision loss if left untreated.

What else you should know: If you do not lose at least 3% of your weight after 12 weeks of taking Qsymia, your doctor may recommend stopping it or increasing your dosage over the next 12 weeks. If there is no effect within the next 12 weeks, you need to gradually stop taking the medicine.

Blocks simple carbohydrates and fats from entering the body, helping to stay in shape and reduce body weight. The product is made in Japan and has an innovative formula, the main components of which are salacia and polyphenols.

• Salacia blocks carbohydrates already in the gastrointestinal tract, preventing these components from entering our body
• Polyphenols are natural components obtained from seaweed. They help fight obesity.
• Extracts of cayenne and long Indian pepper accelerate fat metabolism.
• Fiber improves intestinal motility.
• Quercertin and cahetin are included as antioxidants.

An amino acid that promotes the breakdown of fatty deposits in the body and stimulates metabolism. The drug is often used by those who want to lose weight and go to gyms. Sold in any pharmacies or sports nutrition stores

In addition, the drug:

• improves brain function
• stops the aging of the body
• increases insulin sensitivity
• improves blood vessel health
• improves memory and cognitive abilities
• prevents the development of cardiovascular diseases
• helps you recover after a workout
• gives energy, fights fatigue

16.

Products of the Chinese company Dali, effective capsules that promote weight loss.

Can be bought at a pharmacy

Approximate price: 1200 rub. or 20$

Contraindications: heart disease, previous heart attack or stroke, mental disorders.

active substance: rosuvastatin

Pharmacological action: hypolipidemic.

Hypercholesterolemia (type IIa, including familial heterozygous hypercholesterolemia) or mixed hypercholesterolemia (type IIb) as an adjunct to diet when diet and other non-drug treatments (eg, exercise, weight loss) are insufficient.

Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies: By prescription.

18. Accomplia ()

Tablets for the treatment of significant obesity. Suppress appetite, help control the frequency of food intake, and reduce portions of dishes.

Classified as cannabinoid receptor antagonists. The medicine is often prescribed in case of unsatisfactory results from the use of other weight loss methods in persons:

1. those suffering from high obesity (BMI not less than 30 kg/m2);
2. patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia (high amount of lipids) with a BMI of at least 27 kg/m2.

The weight loss drug is taken by the patient under medical supervision, after medical tests. The treatment method and dose depend on a number of individual factors.

19.

Gelatin capsules for weight loss Goldline. Active ingredient: Sibutramine hydrochloride.

Mechanism of action: like Reduxin, it is a centrally acting drug. This is expressed in the prolongation of the work of norepinephrine and serotonin on the receptors of the saturation center in the brain.

Side effects: headache, insomnia, constipation, dry mouth, rapid heartbeat,

Contraindications: heart and vascular diseases, including hypertension, coronary heart disease. It is not recommended for obesity caused by hypothyroidism and bulimia nervosa.

Contraindications include mental illness, alcoholism, and congenital nervous tics.

A medicine known to many, it is available in capsule form.

Main substance: polyacrylic acid carbomer.

When taken, a hydrogel with a volume of up to 360 ml is created in the stomach in order to partially fill its volume. As a result, the feeling of hunger is reduced and the process of satiety is accelerated.

Price from 620.00 rub. up to 3071.70 rub.

Activated carbon is used in various fields of medicine and cosmetology due to its powerful absorption effect.

Cleanses the body, reduces weight

Inexpensive, simple, dangerous

It is an analogue of dietary fiber, a sorbent. Probably the cheapest cellulose tablets. Once in the intestinal lumen, they are not absorbed, but swell, causing a feeling of fullness. As a result, we consume fewer calories and lose weight. They only work comprehensively.

Contraindications: inflammatory processes in the stomach, tumors, bleeding of the gastrointestinal tract.

Our article would not be complete without mentioning Clenbuterol tablets.

But nevertheless, it is very harmful for both men and women.

According to the latest data, Clenbuterol is included in the list

Toxic in high doses! Therefore, lose weight with the help This medicine is highly not recommended.

A product with a stimulating effect during the day and a sedative effect at night.

Turboslim is a dietary supplement produced by the domestic company Evalar. Varieties (Turboslim-day, night, tea, coffee, drainage) are sold in the form of capsules, tea or liquid concentrate for dilution.

• Drainage effect.
• Stimulation of the weight loss process.
• Reduced feelings of hunger.
• Acceleration of metabolism.
• Invigorating effect during the day, sedative in the evening and at night.
• Health promotion

Tablets for the treatment of obesity. Suppresses appetite (anorexigenic effect).

Minifage is intended for complex therapy of any type/degree of obesity in a hospital setting.

Fenfluramine showed good results in the treatment of patients with hyperlipidemia (inflated lipid levels).

A necessary condition for treatment is the use of a low-calorie diet, increased physical activity, and fasting days under the supervision of a doctor.

American drugs for weight loss

• Adipex-P
• phentermine
• Victoza
• Lomaira
• Belviq
• liraglutide
• lorcaserin
• Saxenda
• phentermine/topiramate
• Qsymia
• bupropion/naltrexone
• Contrave
• Belviq XR
• Atti-Plex P
• Oxandrin
• oxandrolone

List of Chinese tablets sold in Russia. It may not be complete or some of them are no longer for sale:

• Bomb capsules
• Qingzishou capsules
• "Lingzhi"
• "Goutsu"
• Qingzishou
• Golden ball
• "XIYOUSHU"
• Fruit basha
• Green Coffee
• Herbal medicine 7 colors
• "Wild plants Butterfly (Meizitang Capsules)"

WEEX - cocktail for quick weight loss

Helps significantly reduce fat deposits in problem areas (thighs, abdomen).
Stimulates metabolism so that the body digests food rather than storing it.
Reduces visceral fat volumes
Relieves stress on internal organs
Strengthens the cardiovascular system
Clinically tested

Compound

• Spirulina Removes heavy metals, normalizes metabolic processes in the body
• Green Tea Natural antioxidant, stimulates the immune system and removes toxins
• Guarana Accelerates metabolism and has powerful fat-burning properties
• L-carnitine Enhances the effect of other components and is one of the most powerful fat burners

The process of losing weight is as mysterious as the pills themselves. According to very authoritative sources in this area, some contain Phentermine. But this applies specifically to weight loss pills, not to be confused with dietary supplements. Also, Thai weight loss programs may include drugs with helmites. According to rumors, using a Thai weight loss program can cause serious harm to your kidneys.

• Thai bears
• Tablets "Saint Carlos"
• Capsules with helmites
• REDUCE-15 capsules

When to use diet pills?

If within 12 weeks (diet, exercise) you have not been able to achieve a weight loss of 5–10% (or 0.5 kg per week for six months), doctors prescribe diet pills. They should not be taken as an independent method of treatment.

There are no safe drugs that completely replace diet and exercise. They only promote weight loss.

What does it mean? Let's say we have a marathon ahead of us. You can run it in bad, tight shoes, on a dirty road and an uncomfortable suit. And it’s a completely different matter to cover the distance in comfortable shoes, on a road with good surface, in a special suit. The last option greatly simplifies the task. One might say, it turns the process into a most exciting activity.

The goal of weight loss medications is to significantly accelerate weight loss, maintain the results achieved and avoid relapse.

What are the types of weight loss drugs?

According to the mechanism of action they are divided:

• Central (on the brain, anorexigenic)
• Peripheral (for lipase enzyme)
• Hormonal
• Psychotropic
• Sugar-lowering
• Non-pharmacological
• Diuretics
• Laxatives

Anorectics and noradrenergics (stimulants) are endowed with a weight loss mechanism. These pills are very strong, but with unpredictable consequences. Anorectics do not affect fat cells; by reducing appetite, they do not allow new fat cells to accumulate.

Medicines that reduce appetite are often amphetamine derivatives. Through neurotransmitters, they block the satiety center in the brain, reducing the feeling of hunger. They require strict medical supervision and have serious complications. Used in exceptional cases. Sold by prescription only. Due to side effects and addiction, almost all anorectics have been taken off the market and banned in many countries.

Increasing energy expenditure (stimulants)

By spurring the body's work, they increase energy consumption, which is why weight loss occurs. Contraindicated in patients with heart disease. Reception for more than 3 months is undesirable.

Peripheral

They act within the gastrointestinal tract and do not affect the body as a whole. The pills themselves do not break down existing fat deposits, but only prevent the formation of new ones. As a result, fats remain undigested and are excreted unchanged from the body. The stool becomes soft and resembles greasy putty. An energy deficit develops in the body, internal reserves begin to be used, which leads to weight loss.

• Participating in digestion. Leptin – takes part in digestion and can significantly reduce appetite. Good for obesity and elevated blood glucose levels. There are reports that it is affected by new hypoglycemic agents (Bayeta and Januvia). When taking them, weight loss is noted. Stomach hormones: ghrelin (appetite stimulant) and “anti-ghrelin” - peptide YY (PYY). Research is being conducted on them.
• Thyroid-stimulating hormones affecting the thyroid gland..If you have problems with the thyroid gland, losing weight does not make sense. Hypothyroidism hormone (decreased function) slows down metabolism - often leading to weight gain. An endocrinologist will examine the functioning of the thyroid gland and recommend the appropriate dose of replacement therapy.
• Affecting sex hormones. An imbalance of sex hormones occurs after childbirth, during menopause. With age, metabolism slows down. The need for fats for the synthesis of sex hormones disappears. They begin to actively lay off.

If you are overweight due to hormonal imbalance, it is best to contact a gynecologist or endocrinologist, he will select replacement therapy and the weight will stabilize.

Psychotropic appetite suppressants

Currently, it is better not to get carried away with pills that reduce weight and affect the psyche. But if you decide to take it, strictly as prescribed by your doctor.

Sugar-lowering

A very interesting direction in weight loss is the use of mimetics . They affect the saturation center in the hypothalamus.

Medicines with a laxative effect (classified by mechanism of action) are intended in medicine for emergency relief for constipation. They don't burn fat. Weight loss is achieved by removing feces and cleansing the body.

Diuretics include drugs that have a diuretic effect and also remove fluid from tissues. They have many contraindications and side effects, therefore they are used only as prescribed by a doctor and under his supervision.

Non-pharmacological

• Interest in these non-pharmacological agents is growing every year. According to a small study, they are able to bind to food fats, forming a fat-fiber compound that is not absorbed in the intestines. As a result, fat intake is reduced by 27% and the person loses weight.
• Fat burners– a number of complex weight loss drugs. When taken, they get rid of extra pounds and fat. The most common, diverse group. The mechanism of operation is explained vaguely. The breakdown of fat occurs due to the acceleration of metabolism.
• Nutraceuticals and parapharmaceuticals– provide functional nutrition (complexes of vitamins and minerals, amino acids, a group of enzymes, fiber). Means for replenishing nutrient deficiencies (flavonoids, biotin, lecithin, beta-carotene).

What weight loss drugs are sold in pharmacies?

Pharmacies sell a lot of products, from simple supplements to serious medications. But all highly effective pills will require a prescription. Whether it’s unfortunate or not is up to everyone to decide. We analyzed what is available in pharmacies and compiled a short list.

According to statistics, 40% of our planet's population uses anti-obesity pills to combat excess weight and obesity. Various reasons can lead to significant excess body weight:

• psychogenic overeating;
• genetic disorders and changes in internal organs;
• high content of simple fats and carbohydrates in food;
• lack of physical activity;
• diseases of the endocrine system;
• stress;
• use of drugs that promote weight gain;
• age-related changes and slow metabolism;
• alcohol abuse.

Drugs and nutritional supplements are considered only as an addition to complex therapy to the main methods: diets, physical activity and surgery. Doctors often use body mass index (BMI) to assess risk and understand the need and effectiveness of drug therapy. You can find out the body mass index by calculating the ratio of a person’s height to his weight, that is, you need to divide the weight in kilograms by the height in meters squared.

Example: a person’s weight is 81 kg and his height is 1.58 m. BMI = 81/(1.58*1.58) = 32.45.

Depending on the body mass index values, several degrees of obesity are distinguished:

• from 16 to 18 – indicates underweight;
• from 18 to 25 – normal body weight;
• from 25 to 30 – indicates excess weight, which may be caused by a tendency to overeat from an early or childhood age, high protein consumption at one meal, physical inactivity;
• from 30 to 35 – indicates first-degree obesity, most often caused by endocrine diseases and hormonal disorders;
• from 35 to 40 – indicates second degree obesity;
• from 40 and above – third degree obesity.

If your body mass index is more than thirty, experts strongly recommend contacting them for a more accurate diagnosis and prescribing a course of treatment.

In clinics, an additional examination is carried out using a special device - a caliper. It is used to quickly and accurately measure skin fold thickness and body fat percentage in a person. It is indispensable for controlling weight loss. There are cases when body weight exceeds the norm, but a person cannot be considered obese. This applies to professional athletes and sports enthusiasts: they have a higher proportion of muscle mass than usual.

After undergoing complex treatment, patients feel an improvement in their health, as their weight and blood pressure normalize, and the overall balance of sugar and fat in the body returns to normal.

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Medicines for the treatment of obesity

Drugs for the treatment of obesity are drugs that can reduce or control weight, they help change the basic processes in the human body, regulate weight by reducing appetite, speeding up metabolism or absorption of calories.

Side effects

Before using any anti-obesity medications, you should consult a specialist. After a complete examination of the body, the doctor will select the necessary weight loss program individually. Side effects from taking anti-obesity medications are mainly associated with negative effects on the cardiovascular system and the entire body as a whole. Medicines containing the active ingredient sibutramine can cause rapid heartbeat, high blood pressure, nausea, and vomiting. Medicines containing orlistat can cause headaches, depression, and changes in stool, which are accompanied by severe cramps and flatulence in the intestines. Medicines containing metformin may cause weakness and drowsiness, abdominal pain, and a metallic taste in the mouth.

Contraindications for use

It is very important to consider the side effects of the pills, the effect on the body in the presence of chronic diseases and the effect on the central nervous system. The use of anti-obesity pills has a number of contraindications: cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and coronary heart disease, diseases of the thyroid gland, kidneys and liver. Antiobesity drugs are not recommended for the treatment of bulimia nervosa and obesity due to insufficiency of thyroid hormones, stagnation of bile in the liver and gallbladder. Do not take during pregnancy, breastfeeding or children.

Currently, there are no anti-obesity pills that are 100% harmless and effective.

No medications will bring the desired result if there is no balanced combination of diet and physical activity.

With a balanced diet and systematic physical activity, you don’t have to worry about your weight and refuse medication.

Medicines for weight loss and correction can do this more or less effectively, but they are not a substitute for comprehensive weight loss programs that have a longer lasting effect and help avoid side effects.

Often, pathology occurs against the background of a violation of metabolic processes in the body, but there may be other reasons. Depending on the degree of development of the disease, anti-obesity medication is prescribed to help reduce body weight to normal levels. Let's take a closer look at the most effective means to help cope with excess weight.

Causes of obesity

Obesity is a condition of the body in which excess fat deposits appear in tissues, organs and subcutaneous tissue. In addition to psychophysical problems, pathology causes changes in the functioning of internal systems and organs. According to statistics, women suffer from obesity twice as often as men.

The main reason for the appearance of extra pounds is overeating. Excess calories that enter the body with food do not have time to be consumed and are deposited in the subcutaneous tissue and internal organs. A gradual increase in these fat depots leads to weight gain.

The following factors also contribute to the development of obesity:

• sedentary lifestyle;
• eating disorders (consuming large amounts of carbohydrates, eating before bedtime);
• depression, stress, insomnia;
• endocrine disorders;
• dysfunction of the digestive tract;
• violation of hypothalamic-pituitary function;
• use of certain medications (hormonal drugs, antidepressants);
• hormonal changes (menopause, pregnancy);
• violation of metabolic processes.

When should you start taking medications?

Body mass index is the main indicator for determining the stage of obesity. To find out the BMI values, you need to make simple calculations: divide a person’s weight by his height (in meters) squared. For example, with a mass of 75 kg and a height of 168 cm, the index will be equal to: 75/(1.68 × 1.68). After calculation, we get an index value of 26.57. WHO recommends interpreting the results as follows:

• ≤ 16 - acute;
• 16-18.5 - lack of weight;
• 18.5-25 - normal weight;
• 25-30 - there is a slight excess weight;
• 30-35 - first degree of obesity;
• 35-40 - second stage of the disease;
• 40-50 - third degree of obesity;
• ≥ 50 - hyperobesity.

After determining the stage of development of the pathology and conducting diagnostics, the specialist must select medications for obesity. The list of drugs that will help in this situation is quite large. Some of them are sold strictly according to a doctor's prescription, because they have many contraindications and side effects. Experts try to resort to drug therapy only if the body mass index is more than 30.

How do medications work?

Medicines for the treatment of obesity have different mechanisms of action, but at the same time they pursue one goal - to reduce and control body weight. Depending on the principle of operation, the following categories of medicines are distinguished:

1. Anorexigenic drugs are drugs that affect the satiety center in the brain and suppress appetite. Thanks to their action, the patient begins to eat less food. In addition to the fact that medications in this group are well tolerated, they also help improve nutritional culture.
2. Fat burners - block the absorption of fat, thereby helping to remove it from the body. They are divided into several groups: thermogenetics (increase body heat production), lipotropics (stimulate liver function), dietary supplements (increase bile production) and hormonal drugs (affect thyroid function).
3. Laxatives - speed up the process of excretion of intestinal contents, but do not affect body weight.
4. Diuretics - remove excess fluid from the body and do not affect subcutaneous fat.

Anti-obesity medications: list

The best obesity diets are those that were prescribed by a doctor on an individual basis. The specialist selects the drug depending on the causes of excess weight and the presence of concomitant ailments. Self-medication in this case can be extremely dangerous.

Antiobesity medications, the list of which is presented below, are prescribed only in cases where adherence to a strict diet and exercise have not had the desired effect. Potent anti-obesity drugs include:

1. "Orthosen".
2. "Xenical".
3. "Meridia".
4. Orlistat.
5. "Reduxin".
6. "Liraglutide".
7. "Sibutramine."
8. "Listata".
9. Lindax.
10. "Goldline".
11. "Laminin."

Each of the medications has both advantages and disadvantages, which must be familiarized with before starting treatment.

"Sibutramine" for excess weight

"Sibutramine" - effective against obesity. Available in the form of capsules and tablets that contain sibutramine hydrochloride monohydrate. The active component enhances thermogenesis and stimulates the formation of active metabolites that inhibit the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin.

As part of complex treatment, "Sibutramine" is taken in patients with a body mass index of more than 30. The use of the medication is also allowed for obesity due to diabetes mellitus (non-insulin-dependent).

Contraindications

In case of high sensitivity to the constituent components, serious nutritional disorders, mental disorders, arterial hypertension, severe pathologies of the liver and kidneys, pregnancy and lactation, angle-closure glaucoma, heart and vascular diseases, this medicine for obesity is not used. A new remedy should only be prescribed by a specialist.

Patient reviews

Many people suffering from excess weight take Sibutramine. The drug has proven itself on the positive side and really helps fight obesity. If you follow your doctor's recommendations, the tablets have virtually no side effects. However, during the treatment period, symptoms such as dry mouth, restlessness, anxiety, headaches, constipation, tachycardia, and hypertension are still possible.

Lindaxa: description of the drug

According to expert reviews, the best medications for obesity are those that are prescribed individually and selected depending on the patient's needs. The drug Lindaxa (Czech Republic) has good therapeutic properties. The therapeutic effect is provided by the substance sibutramine.

An anorectic affects the centers responsible for food satiety. Biotransformation of the active component occurs in the liver, where active metabolites are formed.

The dosage of Lindaxa is selected individually and depends on the degree of obesity. The recommended starting dose is 10 mg. The medicine can be taken regardless of food. The dosage should be increased to 15 mg if there is no visible therapeutic effect. Duration of therapy is from 3 to 12 months.

The contraindications for prescribing the medication are the same as for Sibutramine. Frequent side effects that occur while taking Lindaxa include tachycardia, dry mouth, thirst, dizziness, and insomnia.

Reviews of the drug "Liraglutide"

The hypoglycemic anti-obesity drug Liraglutide is used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic obesity. The product is approved in many countries only in the form of the drug “Victoza” (Denmark). Another trade name of the drug, Saxenda, appeared on the pharmaceutical market in 2015 and positions itself as a drug that helps fight excess weight in adult patients.

"Liraglutide" is a synthetic copy of glucagon-like peptide-1, which is produced in the human intestine and actively acts on the pancreas and stimulates the production of insulin. The body is unable to distinguish between a natural and an externally introduced enzyme. The use of the drug allows you to gradually establish the natural production of insulin and reduce sugar levels. This, in turn, normalizes the absorption of nutrients from the foods consumed.

Reviews from patients confirm that the drug has a pronounced therapeutic effect. The product is quite convenient to use, because it has the shape of a syringe pen, on which divisions are applied, allowing you to accurately calculate the dosage. The medicine is injected into the shoulder, thigh or abdomen area. This anti-obesity medicine can be purchased in pharmacies only with a prescription.

The cost of drugs based on liraglutide ranges from 9,500 (Victoza, 2 syringes) to 27,000 rubles (Saxenda, 5 syringes). Specialists do not often use these medications to treat patients with diabetes and obesity due to the high cost.

Destination Features

It is strictly forbidden to take hypoglycemic medications for weight loss in obesity without a doctor’s prescription! "Liraglutide", "Saxenda" and "Victoza" cannot be used for type 1 diabetes, severe pathologies of the liver and kidneys, pregnancy, inflammatory processes in the intestines, heart failure (types 3 and 4), and thyroid tumors.

Treatment with the drug should be continued only if the patient has managed to lose at least 5% of his weight within 16 weeks. If such results cannot be achieved, it is necessary to select other drugs to get rid of extra pounds.

The drug "Orlistat"

Orlistat tablets have a peripheral effect and help you lose extra pounds without harm to the body. The main task of the medication is to block the process of absorption and digestion of fats. The anti-obesity drug can reduce cholesterol and glucose levels, which makes it possible to use it in the treatment of diabetes.

The drug Orlistat is an inhibitor of gastrointestinal lipases. Thanks to this pharmacological action, the penetration of triglycerides into the blood is blocked, energy deficiency appears, causing the mobilization of fat deposits from the depot.

The medication should not be used for hypersensitivity, nephrolithiasis, cholestasis, hyperoxaluria, pregnancy and breastfeeding. Orlistat is not prescribed to children under 12 years of age and people suffering from chronic malabsorption syndrome.

What do doctors and patients say?

Most reviews about the drug contain positive recommendations. Many patients have been able to lose about 10 kg of excess weight in 8-12 months with the help of this anti-obesity medicine. Reviews from experts say that Orlistat is one of the few drugs that practically does not cause side effects. Occasionally, cases are recorded when stool and the functioning of the digestive tract are disrupted, and a frequent urge to defecate appears.

Means "Xenical"

Another medicine based on orlistat is Xenical. The medicine is produced in Switzerland, which significantly affects its cost. You can buy a medicine for obesity for 2300-2700 rubles. "Xenical" is available in the form of gelatin capsules, turquoise in color.

According to the instructions, the drug can affect enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract that promote the digestion and absorption of fats, that is, lipase. A significant advantage of Xenical is its minimal systemic exposure. The drug can be taken for quite a long time by patients who have problems with excess weight and high glucose levels. In addition to taking the medication, you will need to adhere to a low-calorie diet and engage in moderate physical activity.

Take Xenical three times a day, one capsule (120 mg) with meals. The duration of treatment and the need to adjust the daily dosage is determined only individually.

Side effects

The manufacturer lists frequent side effects as urgency to defecate, loose stools, flatulence, and abdominal discomfort. To avoid such unpleasant phenomena, you should definitely limit your consumption of fatty foods. Only 2% of patients suffering from diabetes mellitus exhibited a hypoglycemic state. Allergy to the active substance may occur in the form of urticaria, itching, and redness of the skin. More serious cases are rare: bronchospasm, angioedema.

Fatty liver and excess weight

Fatty hepatosis is a serious liver pathology. Most often, people with metabolic disorders, excess weight, bad habits, protein deficiency, and hypovitaminosis suffer from the disease. Symptoms at the initial stage of the disease usually do not appear, and the patient seeks medical help when the situation is advanced. The treatment method is selected after laboratory tests and liver ultrasound.

To prescribe drug therapy, you should consult a gastroenterologist or hepatologist. Medicine for fatty liver is prescribed in combination with preventive measures. If the cause of the disease is excess weight, it is necessary to adhere to the diet (table No. 5), completely eliminate junk food from the diet and engage in physical activity. A danger to the body is sudden weight loss (more than 700 g per week), which can cause progression of the pathological process.

Drug treatment

What medications for fatty liver will help cope with the disease? First of all, the patient will be prescribed medications that normalize the functioning of the organ. hepatoprotectors - medications that stimulate the functionality of liver cells and protect it from the negative effects of junk food, toxins, and certain medications. This category of drugs includes:

1. "Heptral".
2. "Essentiale Forte".
3. "Essliver."
4. "Liv-52".
5. "Karsil".

When treating fatty liver disease, you will need to reduce cholesterol levels. Drugs from the statin group will cope with this task: Atoris, Liprimar, Crestor. In addition, you will need to take antioxidants and vitamin complexes.

"Heptral": instructions

Heptral is a French medicine for fatty liver. The name of the active substance is ademeteonine. One tablet contains 400 mg. The same dosage of the active component is also available in 5 ml ampoules. The lyophilisate for preparing the solution is suitable for both intramuscular and intravenous administration to patients.

The drug has a detoxifying, choleretic, hepatoprotective, antioxidant and cholekinetic effect on the body. In addition, the manufacturer claims that the active substance has neuroprotective, antidepressant and antifibrosing properties. The medication is able to enhance the secretion of bile and compensate for the lack of adenosylmethionine (coenzyme).

The drug is prescribed for fatty hepatosis, chronic hepatitis, liver intoxication, encephalopathy, angiocholitis. Genetic disorders that affect the adenosylmethionine cycle and cause homocystinuria or hyperhomocysteinemia are contraindications for the use of Heptral.

Description of the drug "Liv-52"

The medicine for fatty liver "Liv-52" is a hepatoprotector based on herbal components. The active ingredients used are chicory seeds, prickly caper roots, yarrow, cassia seeds, tamarix and black nightshade. The listed components are specially treated with steam from a mixture of other plant extracts.

The drug is produced in the form of tablets and dark brown drops for oral use. The combined herbal medicine has choleretic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. With its help, it is possible to block the development of degenerative and fibrotic changes, activate intracellular metabolic processes and restore hepatocytes.

Indications for prescribing herbal medicine are pathologies such as fatty hepatosis, hepatitis of various origins, and cirrhosis of the liver. You can also take Liv-52 as a cure for obesity. In pharmacies, the average cost of a medicine is 380-450 rubles.

The medication in the form of drops can be prescribed for preventive and therapeutic purposes to children over 2 years of age. It is prohibited to use Liv-52 during pregnancy and lactation, as well as in case of hypersensitivity to the components of the product.

Since the beginning of the 1990s, when the “epidemic” of beauty finally reached Russia and our fellow citizens began to pay attention to their appearance, a large number of medicines came to the domestic market that could help them with this. The advertising promised that, without much effort, you could achieve truly magical results that would last “for the rest of your life.” People believed and took medicines in beautiful packaging with great enthusiasm.

Sometimes the results were indeed quite good, but they did not last too long. However, one medicine was replaced by another - even more “effective”, and the person again swallowed pills, again hoping for a miracle. And for some, this continues endlessly: hopes give way to disappointment and further in a circle. The reason for this is the human desire to achieve results without making significant efforts. The proposed tablets and pills become for many people a lifeline that can solve the problem of excess weight. This is what numerous companies that produce and distribute these “magic” drugs are speculating on.

After reading this paragraph, the reader will probably think that I am very skeptical about drugs used for weight loss. Not at all! I myself very rarely use them in my treatment programs. You just need to know what place they occupy in the program and the acceptable time for using these medications. So let's try to figure out this problem together.

According to the US National Institutes of Health, up to 60% of obese people after successful weight loss through diet and exercise regained or exceeded their original weight within the first year, and another 35% within the next five years. As you can see, persistent weight loss without relapses of weight gain was achieved only in 5% of cases. There are many reasons for this, and the main one is that after receiving good results, a person relaxes and unnoticed returns to his previous lifestyle and habits.

But medications increase the effectiveness of treatment and allow you to better tolerate therapy. In addition, they improve metabolic parameters and strengthen patient adherence to treatment.

Treatment using pharmacological drugs should be used in the following cases:

1. All persons with a BMI of 30 kg/m2 or more, if body weight during the first three months of treatment using non-drug methods decreased by less than 10% from the original.

2. Persons with a BMI of 27 kg/m2 or more with abdominal obesity, with a predisposition to type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, in cases where, when using non-drug treatment methods, body weight has decreased in three months by less than 7 % of the initial level.

3. If necessary, rapid weight loss.

Contraindications for pharmacotherapy are:

Childhood;

Pregnancy;

Lactation period;

A history of indications of the development of side effects when using similar drugs;

Simultaneous use of several drugs with the same mechanism of action.

Treatment using medications is considered successful in cases where, within three months of their use, body weight is reduced by 5% or more. When body weight is reduced by 10% or more, therapy is considered very successful. In addition, treatment is considered successful if the patient managed to maintain the achieved body weight or gained no more than 3 kilograms in weight over the next 2 years.

All weight loss drugs are aimed at suppressing appetite or speeding up metabolism. The action of the former is based on reducing calorie consumption, that is, the effect is similar to the effect of using low-calorie diets. The action of others enhances the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates and has the same effect as intense physical activity.

There are the following groups of drugs that are used in the treatment of obesity.

I. Central action

a) adrenergic drugs;

b) serotonergic drugs;

c) combined action.

II.Thermogenic

III.Peripheral action

a) biguanides;

b) inhibitors of gastrointestinal lipases;

c) increasing sensitivity to insulin and reducing insulin resistance.

Medicines for weight loss should only be used under medical supervision.

Most centrally acting drugs are aimed at reducing appetite. They were widely used in the 1960s and 1970s, but due to severe side effects, sometimes fatal, these drugs are now rarely used.

An ideal drug should directly affect only the hunger center in the hypothalamus, but not cause irritation to other brain structures. However, such a drug has not yet been found.

The first drug with anorectic effects was amphetamine. It affects carbohydrate and fat metabolism, and also suppresses appetite. Side effects of the drug manifest themselves in the form of palpitations, increased blood pressure, heart rhythm disturbances, headaches, sleep disturbances, mental agitation, gastrointestinal disorders, etc. In addition, with prolonged use of amphetamine, addiction to it develops. Currently, this drug is prohibited for use in widespread clinical practice.

True, sometimes drugs are used that are similar in structure and activity to amphetamine. For example, phentermine also reduces hunger, but it is only available with a doctor's prescription.

Mazindol (Terenac, Sanorex) also increases the activity of the satiety center and accordingly reduces the feeling of hunger. When using this drug, body weight decreases quite quickly, as does the content of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood serum, and carbohydrate metabolism improves. Mezindole has a moderate stimulating effect on the central nervous system. Treatment is usually carried out over two to three weeks. Contraindications to the use of the drug are thyrotoxicosis, glaucoma, severe atherosclerotic vascular damage, hypersensitivity to the drug.

Remember, drugs in this group cannot be used for a long time!

Phenylpropanolamine belongs to the group of drugs with serotonin-like action. It is not addictive. Side effects also develop much less frequently, and they are not as pronounced. The drug enhances metabolic processes, which leads to increased energy consumption. In addition, it is also used to suppress hunger. It can be used for no longer than 2–3 months. The most common side effects are nausea, vomiting, increased blood pressure, arrhythmia and pain in the heart. Currently, this drug is practically not used.

Drugs of the second subgroup inhibit the consumption of carbohydrates without affecting the metabolism of fats and proteins, and also reduce appetite. In addition, they are not addictive. In the 1990s, the leading place in the drug treatment of obesity was occupied by fenfluramine (manifage) And dexfenfluramine (isolipane). When used, the feeling of satiety increased, the amount of food consumed decreased, and weight decreased. However, after a few years it was found that they had serious side effects: the first of them caused the development of pulmonary hypertension, and the second - valvular heart disease. Typically, these complications developed after 6 months of treatment. Since 1997, drugs in this group have been banned for use in a number of countries or their period of use has been sharply limited.

A centrally acting drug is now widely used sibutramine (meridia). When using it, a feeling of rapid satiety develops. A person eats less, food addiction decreases. In addition, energy expenditure increases and the compensatory decrease in catabolism, which usually develops with a decrease in body weight, decreases. When carrying out treatment, you must consult a doctor. The duration of treatment usually does not exceed 1 year.

Side effects are mild - usually dry mouth, anorexia, insomnia, sweating, constipation. In addition, the drug is not recommended for use during pregnancy and lactation.

If within 3 months body weight has decreased by less than 5%, treatment is considered ineffective.

In recent years, drugs have appeared that have an antidepressant effect, the use of which also reduces body weight. This group includes fluxetine (Prozac), fluxamine and sertraline (Zolofort). Weight loss during treatment with these drugs is considered a side effect. Most likely, the loss of excess body weight is due to the fact that when using these drugs, body temperature increases due to increased energy expenditure.

Often these drugs are prescribed to obese patients and at the same time suffering from depressive conditions. Their use reduces the number of attacks of bulimia - a condition in which consuming even a large amount of food does not cause a feeling of fullness, and the feeling of hunger persists constantly and does not depend on the amount of food a person eats. Usually the medications are well tolerated, but sometimes sleep disorders (drowsiness or insomnia), headache, nausea, and less commonly, vomiting and diarrhea may occur.

One of the peripherally acting drugs is orlistat (Xenical). Its action is limited to the gastrointestinal tract. When using orlistat, about 30% of the ingested fat in the gastrointestinal tract is not broken down and absorbed, which leads to energy deficiency and promotes weight loss. In addition, the amount of fatty acids in the intestinal lumen decreases, making cholesterol less absorbed.

If you take the drug for a long enough time, the mass of visceral-abdominal fat decreases, the sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin improves, and hyperinsulinemia decreases. The drug has no effect on the central nervous system. About 97% of the drug is excreted in feces, 83% unchanged. Orlistat is not prescribed to pregnant women.

The recommended dose is 1 capsule containing 120 mg of the active substance with each meal (no later than 1 hour after meals). If the food does not contain fat, then taking the drug can be skipped. At the same time, you should follow a diet that contains no more than 30% fat.

Side effects from the gastrointestinal tract are observed in 40% of patients. The most common symptoms are abdominal pain, flatulence, frequent bowel movements, and changes in the character of feces (oily discharge from the rectum). In practice, I have never had to prescribe Xenical in weight loss programs, since I recommend a low-fat diet.

In some cases, this drug can be used “on demand” as “banquet” tablets, that is, it can be taken before you eat a lot of fatty foods, or during such a meal.

Sibutramine and orlistat are currently the safest and most well-studied drugs used in the treatment of obesity. But besides them, for a number of clinical conditions, some other drugs are used that have the ability to influence excess body weight to a greater or lesser extent.

These include, in particular, acarbose (glucobay), a drug that is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Its action is based on the ability to slow down the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine and reduce the elevated level of postprandial (period after eating) glycemia. With long-term use, the drug allows a slight but significant reduction in body weight. Treatment should begin with small doses and gradually increase them as prescribed by the doctor. Acarbose should be used by patients with metabolic syndrome with impaired carbohydrate metabolism and increased blood glucose levels in the postprandial period. In some cases, side effects such as dyspepsia and flatulence may occur.

Another group of drugs that are advisable to use for abdominal obesity or a combination of diabetes mellitus and excess body weight are biguanides. They are able to reduce appetite and stimulate lipolysis. The most commonly prescribed biguanide metformin (siofor, glucophage). The course of treatment is 2–4 weeks and, if necessary, can be repeated after 1–2 months. Metformin is a unique drug that can increase the sensitivity of insulin receptors, that is, reduce insulin resistance. Thanks to its action, the absorption of carbohydrates and fats in the intestine slows down, and glucose metabolism in the body is normalized. When treated with metformin, excess body weight is reduced and the lipid spectrum of the blood serum is normalized.

Enterosorbents (polyphepane) are able to reduce the energy value of food taken due to a longer duration of the feeling of satiety and a decrease in intestinal absorption of nutrients. In addition, correction of lipid metabolism is noted. But the initial weight is restored quite quickly after stopping treatment with polyphepan. During treatment, side effects may occur in the form of an imbalance of minerals and trace elements in the body, as well as vitamins, which requires the use of mineral supplements and multivitamins for correction. In some cases, dysbacteriosis should also be prevented. Enterosorbents are rarely used in the treatment of obesity due to their low effectiveness.

So, there are drugs to treat obesity. Sibutramine and orlistat have received general recognition due mainly to their safety. However, their effectiveness in the difficult task of losing weight is no greater than the effectiveness of other treatment methods. But still, the inclusion of medications in comprehensive weight loss programs can, in some cases, significantly improve treatment results.

However, it must be emphasized once again that the decision to use medications for weight loss should only be made in conjunction with a doctor and under his supervision.

The second area of ​​use of drugs in aesthetic medicine is mesotherapy. Mesotherapy is a treatment method in which microdoses of drugs are administered intradermally or subcutaneously. This method was first proposed by the French specialist Michel Pistor in 1952 and was used primarily in rheumatology, dentistry, sports medicine, and then in aesthetic medicine. In Russia, over the last decade, there has been a real boom in mesotherapy techniques specifically in aesthetics. Given the high cost of the procedure, it began to be offered not only in medical centers, but even in beauty salons that specialize primarily in hairdressing services and do not have a medical license. But we should not forget that the effectiveness and, above all, the safety of the method depends to a large extent on the qualifications of the doctor and the quality of the drugs administered.

The effect of mesotherapy is based on the characteristics of the drugs used. After injection into the epidermis, the drug does not immediately enter the bloodstream, but is absorbed slowly, thereby prolonging the effect of the active substance that is part of it.

There are two types of drugs used in mesotherapy – allopathic (medicines) and homeopathic. They are introduced, as a rule, as part of cocktails either with a syringe or using special devices - injectors. The procedure should only be carried out by a specially trained doctor, since depending on the tasks, the drugs administered must be selected individually. In addition, only a doctor can determine where, in what quantity and sequence, to what depth and in what mode the cocktails he has compiled from various medications should be administered. It must be remembered that the more drugs included in the cocktail, the greater the likelihood of side effects, especially allergic manifestations. Typically, cocktails in various combinations include drugs with vascular action, analgesics, anti-inflammatory, lipolytic and trophic-improving medications.

Mesotherapy in modern aesthetics is, first of all, the treatment of cellulite, scars, age-related changes and other skin diseases, as well as contouring. As for obesity, in this case we can only talk about local fat deposits, for which it is used mesoliposuction, or a technique for introducing special and individual hypoosmolar cocktails into the fatty tissue for each case. Thanks to their action, adipocytes are destroyed, the osmotic pressure in which, under the influence of cocktails, increases sharply, which is the reason for the rupture of cell membranes.

In the treatment of cellulite, drugs are used that simultaneously influence several factors leading to the appearance of cellulite. But the main attention is paid to the normalization of microcirculation. The duration of cellulite treatment using mesotherapy techniques depends on the severity of the process, but, as a rule, it is at least 10–12 procedures with an interval between them of 5 to 10 days.

Mesotherapy has no age restrictions and is usually well tolerated. However, in some cases, injection marks, small hematomas, hyperemia and pain at the injection sites remain. However, all this usually passes quite quickly. When composing cocktails, it is necessary to remember that many drugs used in the treatment of cellulite and local fat deposits have a choleretic effect, so they are contraindicated in patients with cholelithiasis. In this regard, patients should remember that only a doctor can prescribe mesotherapy procedures!

Thus, mesotherapy is an important component in a comprehensive program for the treatment of local fat deposits and body modeling, as well as getting rid of a number of other pathological processes within the framework of aesthetic medicine.

In recent years, the use of various products to reduce excess body weight has become very popular. biologically active additives – dietary supplements. Every year, new dietary supplements appear on the global and domestic market in large quantities, and manufacturers promise simply miracles to gullible customers, and that’s all. In practice, most often the expected results cannot be obtained. Why is this happening? Yes, the whole point is that dietary supplements are not medicines in the full sense of the word. None of the supplements have undergone actual clinical testing. Yes, and they are called “FOOD ADDITIVES,” that is, they contain components that a person lacks in the food he eats. Vitamins, microelements and a number of other components.

However, manufacturers also include medicinal components in dietary supplements, for example caffeine. In some cases, herbal components can be found in dietary supplements in doses exceeding those in the official medicinal preparations in which they are included. It is clear that these are just tricks of the manufacturing companies, since it is easier and cheaper to register dietary supplements than a medicinal product. Therefore, you need to be very careful when choosing a dietary supplement. And yet they are actively used, and not only by those losing weight, but also, for example, by athletes and people in many professions where rapid rehabilitation is required after heavy physical or mental labor.

There is no point in analyzing specific dietary supplements, since many of them are ephemeral and do not stay on the market for long. It would be more correct to become familiar with the main components included in dietary supplements and their mechanisms of action. Based on their mechanisms of action, all components of dietary supplements are divided into several groups.

First group – Dietary supplements that reduce appetite. They give a feeling of fullness or reduce the feeling of hunger. Although their negative effect on the nervous system has not been proven, one should still be careful when taking them for a long time, since, by acting on hunger centers, they can potentially have an effect on brain structures located close to these centers.

The components of dietary supplements that reduce appetite and thereby reduce the need for food include spices from Cambodian horcinia.

Gives a feeling of fullness dietary fiber, fructose, galactomannan, etc.

The second group of dietary supplements enhances in different ways processes of fat breakdown in cells. They are also called “fat burners”. These include forskolin, caffeine, tannin, adrenaline, some glycosides, vitamins and microelements and a number of other components.

The third group of dietary supplements is aimed at cleansing the body. They can bind lipids in the gastrointestinal tract to form complexes that are inaccessible to attack by digestive enzymes (chitosan), enhance the removal of water from the body (herbal substances with a mild diuretic effect), sharply accelerate the passage of food mass in the intestines and thereby limit the supply of nutrients to the body in full (dietary fiber in a dose of over 25–30 g per day, stimulants of gastrointestinal motility).

There are also dietary supplements with original mechanisms of action. For example, citric acid hydroxide inhibits the synthesis of fatty acids from carbohydrates; L-carnitine– stimulates the transfer of fatty acids into the mitochondria of cells, where they are broken down; organic forms of chromium– improve the transport of glucose into muscle tissue through its effect on insulin receptors, where it is used for energy production.

Once again I want to emphasize that dietary supplements only work with properly selected nutrition and physical activity. An example is L-carnitine, which becomes an active drug only during active physical activity or in physiotherapy programs, and has no effect at all at rest.

Another danger of dietary supplements is the fact that having “buyed” into unfair advertising, patients begin to eat even more, hoping for the burning effect of these drugs. As a result, body weight does not decrease, but rather increases. If a person does not know about such effects of dietary supplements, then such a nuisance occurs in 80–90% of cases.

And yet, which components of dietary supplements are currently truly the most effective? According to American experts, the best results in the process of reducing weight can be obtained by using the following components:

Dietary supplements should be considered only as an additional tool that serves as an excellent addition to a rational diet and adequate physical activity.

1) 5-HTP (5-hydroxy-1-tryptophan). 5-HTP is a naturally occurring amino acid that is highly efficiently converted into serotonin in the human body. By increasing serotonin levels, 5-HTP significantly reduces the desire to eat foods containing carbohydrates. Moreover, with 5-HTP, satiety is achieved much faster, which affects the acceleration of weight loss.

2) Bitter orange extract. Bitter or green orange extract (Citrus aurantium) is obtained from the unripe fruit and standardized to synephrine. Synephrine is a compound that is an agonist of the sympathetic nervous system, enhancing the processes of thermoformation. Thus, bitter orange extract accelerates the burning of fat and calories without affecting the heart rate, breathing rate, or increasing blood pressure. In addition to this, bitter orange extract contains octopamine, a biogenetic substance belonging to the class of amines, which selectively encourages fat cells to release stored fat by burning it.

3) Branched chain amino acids (BCAs). Three branched chain amino acids - L-leucine, L-isoleucine and L-valine - produce approximately 35% of the total free amino acids in muscle. By serving as a source of energy in muscle tissue, as well as protecting muscle components from breakdown, VCAs are effective in burning calories and fat even when the muscles are at rest. HCAs also reduce fatigue, allowing you to extend the duration of exercise or any other activity, thereby helping you burn more calories.

4) Cactus extracts. Extracts of two types of cactus can reduce appetite. Cacti of the species Caralluma fimbriata and Hoodia gordonii contain glycosides that have an appetite suppressant effect at the level of the hunger center in the hypothalamus. In this case, fewer calories are consumed and the process of losing excess body weight is accelerated.

5) Caffeine. Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system and enhances the physiological processes of thermal formation in the body, which occur when burning fat and calories. Caffeine works in three different ways: it allows fat cells to more quickly release their fat reserves for burning; increases basal metabolism, which affects the intensification of the calorie burning process; reduces appetite by stimulating the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the stomach.

6) Chromium. Trivalent chromium is a vital mineral for humans. It is essential for regulating insulin levels in the body. Chromium also stimulates hormonal activity. It regulates blood sugar levels and thereby helps control appetite and also burns glucose that is in the bloodstream for energy production rather than being stored as fat.

7) Conjugated linoleic acid. This fatty acid is obtained from linoleic and linolenic acids. It is mainly found in the meat and milk of ruminants. Conjugated linoleic acid delays the absorption of fat into fat cells, reduces their size, which helps prevent muscle loss during dieting.

8) Green tea extract. Green tea (Camellia sinensis) is obtained from tea leaves that are picked green and protected from fermentation. The active component of green tea is a group of polyphenols, especially catechin and epigallocatechin. Epigallocatechin accelerates metabolism and enhances the process of burning stored fats in fat cells throughout the body. This component also prevents the formation of fat cells.

9) Hydroxycitric acids (HCA). These acids are unique fruit acids that are obtained from thymirinda or horcinia. HCCs interfere with the development of appetite and also significantly reduce the metabolic conversion of carbohydrates into stored fats.

10) Soluble fiber. An example is carbohydrates such as beta-glucan and chitosan, which are incredibly effective for weight loss. These fibers literally stop the absorption of dietary fats. They also provide a feeling of fullness, so that your appetite is satisfied much faster.

Thus, we have additional assistants who can play a significant role in the fight against excess body weight, but we must be very careful in the selection of special medications and dietary supplements. And in this case, you should avoid distributors of dietary supplements from marketing networks, and consult only specialists. But, unfortunately, there are really few of them even among doctors. So you should measure out many times before you start using these products yourself.

By nature, the fair sex is prone to gaining excess weight much more than the stronger sex. The basis of the female hormonal background is estrogens, and they accumulate, are stored and undergo some stages of transformation only in fat cells. So the fat in women’s bodies serves as a natural storage of estrogen - the key to the stability of their background.

For this reason, sudden weight loss often results in amenorrhea - cessation of the cycle. And infertility treatment with additional estrogen injections inevitably leads to gaining extra pounds.

As for men, everything is exactly the opposite for them. The main sex hormone for them, testosterone, uses muscle rather than fat mass for the same purposes (for accumulation, storage and, if necessary, breakdown). That is why the natural ratio of fat and all other tissues in a man’s body is 10%, while in a woman’s body it is 20%, that is, 2 times more.

Pills with hormones are one of the first types of weight loss drugs ever approved by official medicine, unlike illegal drugs, which also cause appetite suppression and, as a result, weight loss (albeit, along with persistent addiction and nervous exhaustion) .

Testosterone preparations are not among them - in both men and women they cause accelerated growth of muscle mass, but do not significantly reduce existing weight, especially without physical activity. In addition, increased testosterone in women leads to persistent infertility. Therefore, female athletes have a purely professional interest in him, but the price they pay for their unwomanly strong and resilient muscles is masculinity and difficulty conceiving a child.

In the vast majority of cases, the treatment of obesity uses hormones produced in the body of each person by his own thyroid gland - thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Normally, they are responsible for skeletal growth and regulate metabolic rate, accelerating blood circulation and increasing body temperature. People suffering from various thyroid diseases or chronic iodine deficiency in the body (it is necessary for the synthesis of both hormones) have a slow metabolism and, therefore, a tendency to gain weight.

Therefore, taking additional doses of thyroxine and/or triiodothyronine treats both thyroid deficiency and extra pounds. The second advantage of the drug is that it is equally suitable for men and women.

True, the side effects from it are as follows:

• Acne on the face and body;
• Chronic hypertension;
• Brittle hair and nails.

In addition, if obesity is not caused by a malfunction of the thyroid gland, there will be no benefit from taking them.

Currently, another type of hormonal therapy, also adopted by nutritionists from the world of sports, is becoming increasingly popular - with the help of somatotropin. It is one of the growth hormones normally synthesized in the anterior pituitary gland. Athletes value it for qualities similar to testosterone - the ability to accelerate the growth of not only bones (at the age when the skeleton is still growing on its own - up to 25 years), but also muscles.

And in addition, it significantly reduces the number of fat cells in the body, accelerates the regeneration of all organs and tissues of the body, rejuvenates, stimulates the immune system... Etc., etc. – it’s not for nothing that his drugs cost so much money (1000 USD per course or more) and even so they are rapidly gaining popularity. But we should not forget that we will like the side effects of treating obesity with its help even less than the previous ones.

Among them:

• Chronically high blood sugar levels, potentially developing into diabetes;
• Muscle spasms (especially in those who do not exercise);
• Swelling throughout the body (especially over the age of 30);
• Hypertension;
• Multiple increase in appetite, which persists even after its withdrawal;
• The likelihood of developing muscle and bone sarcomas, which is caused by the growth of these tissues in conditions where they should no longer grow.

The likelihood of the occurrence of all these phenomena is directly proportional to the age of the patient taking somatotropin. That is, the older he is, the higher the likelihood of ending the fight against obesity with treatment at the nearest oncology clinic.

In addition, it should be noted that absolutely all hormonal drugs tend to cause:

• addiction effect – the need to gradually increase the dose;
• return of previous problems within a few days after discontinuation of the drug;
• accelerated aging of organs whose activity is regulated by the hormone taken (due to increasing its dosage).

Anorexigens against obesity

This class of drugs is also very popular because it does not contain hormones that are dangerous due to their dual effects. But we are talking about substances that can regulate the activity of hormones responsible for the feeling of hunger or satiety. The undisputed leader in the anorexigen market is Sibutramine, a drug that prolongs and enhances the effect of the hormones norepinephrine and serotonin on the area of ​​the cortex in which the feeling of satiety is formed.

Sibutramine hydrochloride is suitable for use by both men and women who are overweight due to overeating. In other cases it is ineffective. The fact is that serotonin and norepinephrine normally have a stabilizing and calming (but not sedative!) effect on the cortex, which can significantly accelerate the onset of a feeling of satiety at the table and prolong it after eating. So, if obesity in women or even men is caused, for example, by an imbalance in the proportion of sex hormones, it will not be possible to influence it by reducing appetite.

Sibutramine hydrochloride forms the basis of Reduxin, Goldline and a number of other tablets (capsules) for the treatment of obesity. More recently (in 2010), its production and sale in Western Europe were suspended due to side effects on the cardiovascular system.

The problem is that serotonin and norepinephrine act as stimulants of its activity, so their intake is accompanied by:

• chronic hypertension;
• increased heart rate;
• Adrenal complications because these obesity pills interfere with the hormones they produce.

Therefore, at present, drugs based on it are contraindicated for any cardiovascular pathologies, diseases of the adrenal glands and thyroid gland (thyroiditis gives the same effects on the vessels with the heart, and it turns out to be a double blow).

Gastrointestinal lipase inhibitors

And another example of popular non-hormonal drugs for the treatment of obesity, which inhibit the absorption of fats in the intestines. The most prominent representative of this series of substances is Orlistat. It can be sold as part of tablets of the same name or named differently - for example, Orsoten or Xenical.

Medicines based on orlistat are also suitable for use by both sexes, but their very mechanism of action is questionable. The fact is that the appearance of new fat deposits in the form of the subcutaneous and visceral layer is associated with an excess of simple carbohydrates in food much more strongly than fats. Therefore, taking these drugs is not consistent with the logic of metabolism. Meanwhile, they cause persistent stool disorders - simply because the fat that should be absorbed is now excreted from the body with feces.