Floors in houses made of aerated concrete. Installation of wooden floors in a house made of aerated concrete blocks Wooden floors in an aerated concrete house

Wooden floors in a house made of aerated concrete are an energy-efficient, environmentally friendly, lightweight, lightweight, durable building material that is easy to install. Beams are divided depending on their purpose into interfloor, attics and plinths. Floor beams are made from solid, laminated timber, wood with special treatment.

Advantages of wooden floors

Benefits of using a beam during the construction of buildings made of aerated concrete blocks:

1. The low cost of materials compared to reinforced concrete structures makes it possible to reduce the cost of building construction.
2. The low weight of building elements reduces the load on load-bearing wall panels and roofing and prevents the possibility of their deformation.
3. Simple installation of elements, easy to fix with screws, staples, etc. You do not need to use special equipment for the work.
4. Wood is easy to process; beams can be given different configurations to suit an architectural project. The elements can be used in buildings with bay windows.
5. Installation work is carried out at different times of the year, including at sub-zero temperatures.

However, it is necessary to take into account the need for moisture-resistant and antiseptic treatment using special impregnations. Application of the compounds prevents the appearance of mold on wood.

There are special fire-resistant impregnations that are used to treat elements in buildings with high safety requirements in Moscow and other cities.

Types and features

Flooring over wooden beams in an aerated concrete house can be of the following types: depending on location:

• interfloor;
• attic;
• basement

Interfloor

The task of interfloor elements is to separate different heated rooms with a similar microclimate.

1. Rolling from boards or wood panels. The materials are hemmed to the floors.
2. Soundproofing layer made on plank flooring.
3. Transverse joists fixed with nails or self-tapping screws.
4. Floor with wooden flooring or lined with linoleum, ceramic tiles, laminate, parquet blocks, etc.
5. To ventilate the space under the floor, you need to make a gap for exhaust ventilation.
6. The finishing of floors in the lower part of the room can be done using lining, panels, plasterboard sheets. However, beams can be left without decoration in rooms in country, loft, and minimalist styles.

Basement

Basement ceilings are fixed above an unheated basement; the installation technology differs from the standard one.

1. It is recommended to treat the wooden parts of the structure, because... surfaces can be damaged by high humidity from the foundation and soil, as well as accumulating condensation.
2. The thermal insulation layer should provide a comfortable temperature regime in living rooms. The thickness of the layer is determined in accordance with the climate of the region and the temperature regime in the base.
3. A waterproofing film is placed under the insulating material to prevent the penetration of moisture from the basement, which reduces the thermal insulation characteristics of the building material.
4. Then a layer of vapor barrier is laid on top of the insulating composition, which prevents the creation of condensation due to the difference in temperature conditions in the residential part and the basement.

Attics

Aerated concrete blocks are used for the construction of attic spaces. When installing floors in the attic, the waterproofing layer is located above the insulation, and the vapor barrier is placed under the insulating composition to create an optimal microclimate in the room.

When arranging the attic space, you can reduce the cost of work by laying out boards in the form of ladders or transverse coverings.

When using the space for household needs, continuous laying of boards is required. It is important to provide a dense layer of insulating composition to prevent the leakage of warm air from the residential part of the building.

Types of beams advantages and disadvantages of each type

Wooden floors in aerated concrete houses are made of the following types:

• made of solid wood;
• I-beam;
• from laminated veneer lumber.

Made from solid timber

Solid wood structures are produced by sawing a single log using special machines. Then the elements are dried without special heat treatment. At the next stage, the materials are treated with antiseptic compounds and calibrated to a given size.

Finally, the products are given a clear outline. Structures are created from solid beams, characterized by increased strength. The length of the elements should not exceed 5 m, so the materials are suitable for cottages.

From laminated veneer lumber

Glued beams undergo a multi-stage manufacturing process, which increases the strength of products by 50-70%. Cedar, spruce, pine, and larch are used in production.

1. Beams can reach a length of 12 m.
2. The weight of the products is small.
3. The service life increases because materials do not deform during operation.
4. Glued products are characterized by increased fire resistance compared to solid wood.
5. It is possible to prepare elements of different thicknesses.
6. Materials are produced in different strength levels. Beams of the first grade are suitable for areas with increased stress, and where increased loads are not expected, blocks of grades 2 and 3 are used.
7. The surfaces of the block are smooth, finely processed and do not require additional decoration.
8. The material is environmentally friendly and does not contain harmful components.

Wooden I-beams

I-beams made of wood are characterized by increased strength, reliability, environmental friendliness, aesthetics, and durability. The materials consist of several layers treated with special impregnations. Deflections and cracks do not form in the elements, the blocks do not dry out during operation, and are easy to install.

Calculation of the required cross-section depending on the span length and loads of the laying step

The required cross-section is calculated in accordance with the loads and other operating conditions. The parameter of the number of beams, their spacing, dimensions and cross-section is influenced by the area of ​​the room and the materials used in the ceiling cladding.

The optimal cross-sectional size for elements of a rectangular configuration is a height to width ratio of 1.4:1. The size of the section is influenced by the type of wood from which the floors are made.

1. For a span of 2 m, the minimum cross-sectional size is 7.5-10 cm.
2. With a span length of 2.5 m, the average cross-sectional dimensions reach 7.5-15 cm.
3. In spans up to 3 m, 7.5-20 cm ceilings are used.
4. For floor beams in a span of 4-4.5 m, it is recommended to install materials with a section of 10 by 20 cm.
5. For a span of 5 m, crossbars of 12.5 by 20 cm are used.
6. In spans of 6 m, floors with a section of 15 by 20 cm will be required.

Installation features

Installation of beams in a building made of aerated blocks is carried out according to the following steps:

• project preparation;
• procurement of construction materials and tools;
• installation work;
• insulation of surfaces;
• waterproofing the floor of the second floor in an aerated concrete house;
• finishing.

Defining the Beam Section

When designing a building made of gas blocks, it is necessary to calculate the cross-section of load-bearing floors in accordance with the dimensions. It is necessary to include in the calculations the mass of furniture, accessories, the number of people living, etc.

The calculations take into account that the step between elements should not be more than 1.2 m, the span is limited by safety requirements to 6 m. The calculation can be done independently or using calculators located on construction portals.

Installation technology

Installation work is carried out subject to the following sequence of steps:

1. Project preparation.
2. Installation of a reinforcing belt made of reinforced concrete structures, on which beams are supported using metal plates, anchors or other fasteners. Fastenings must be treated with anti-corrosion impregnations.
3. Then you need to cut the floors to the length specified in the project. The depth of support on the walls is not less than 12-15 cm. With the planned span length, the beams reach a length of 2.25-2.3 m.
4. The end part of the elements is cut at an angle of 60-70°.
5. The prepared elements are impregnated with agents to protect against mold and fire.
6. The load-bearing panels are laid out on a waterproofing layer of roofing felt or roofing felt.
7. A gap of 2-3 cm is required between the supporting part and the wall panels of the space.
8. An insulating layer must be laid between the end element and the outer wall.
9. Then the wooden floors are installed. The work is completed by laying out intermediate beams between floors.

Post-installation finishing

Post-installation finishing work involves finishing and creating a roof. Work begins with the construction of a rough ceiling from the bottom of the floors. The structure is made of plywood sheets.

Free spaces are filled with insulation and vapor barrier materials are laid. The floor of the second floor in an aerated concrete house is also waterproofed. Finishing work is carried out after installing window blocks.

Depending on the characteristics of the building, the flooring materials are most often concrete and metal, and wood is increasingly receding into the background due to its lower strength. However, besides this drawback, it has other advantages that can be significantly enhanced in symbiosis with aerated concrete structures.

This combination is almost ideal, both in terms of material and labor costs, and in relation to the requirements for the reliability of the structure. Both aerated concrete and wood are not high-strength materials, but if properly reinforced with reinforcement, they can easily ensure the reliability and stability of the structure.

Types of wooden floors

1. Standard beams.

They are a system of monolithic or glued wood beams, on top of which a rough floor covering is laid in the form of a transverse board, heated floors and other coverings.

The dimensions of such elements reach 400 mm in height, 200 mm in width and up to 15 m in length.

In cases where the base of the floor is connected to one or two or more walls, it is not laid from a separate 5 m beam, but one beam 15 m long is installed, centering it and strengthening it with additional spacer elements. Such a monolithic construction technology is only possible with many supporting walls.

2. Lightweight ribbed

Such details are used infrequently, but they are indispensable when building a house from a wood frame.

Their main feature is that the cladding and ribs are laid at intervals of only 30-50 cm.

Their length is limited to 5 meters and width to 30 centimeters. Coverings made from them are sheathed with different materials: plywood, chipboard plates, and sometimes steel tape.

To soundproof structures made from them, mineral wool is mandatory. For aerated concrete buildings, their use is rational only in relation to the design features of one separate room.

3. Beam-ribbed

They are a combination of the first two types, by using both beams and ribs in one structure.

In this case, the ribs are installed across the beams, which in this case are needed an order of magnitude smaller due to a more uniform distribution of the load. In this case, less wood is consumed, but the installation process is slightly more complicated compared to the previous two options.

General rules for the construction of wooden floors

In the case of buildings made of aerated concrete, the correct technology for laying wood is no less important a factor in ensuring the stability and durability of the building than the blocks themselves. If it is violated, there is a possibility of displacement of the geometry and uniform distribution of the load between all structural elements, which in the worst case can lead to partial or complete collapse of the building.

To prevent this, during the construction process it is necessary to strictly follow the following rules for the installation of wooden structures:

1. Beams are installed into aerated concrete walls directly during the construction process, before finishing work is carried out. To determine the required number of beams, their installation intervals and the optimal dimensions of wooden elements, it is necessary to make advance engineering calculations of the strength of the surface they form, taking into account the type of material.
2. Beam elements are inserted into the wall during its construction: nests-recesses are arranged in it, so that their depth is equal to half the thickness of the entire wall. If it is necessary to organize a through nest, it must be covered with insulation with vapor-proof characteristics.
3. The external beams located at the edges of the walls are always installed first. They are leveled using a level and a long, flat board, which is passed along the beams, placing it on the edge. To neutralize their distortions, pieces of boards of suitable thickness are placed under individual logs. Thus, the outer beams become reference beams, and the intermediate elements are aligned along them, using the same straight board, the ends of which rest on the already adjusted outer parts.
4. The base for the subfloor on the floor is laid out with timber no more than 50 mm thick, fixing it with self-tapping screws. A thin, unplaned subfloor board is laid on top. Its elements are laid across the main beams and fixed to the beam with self-tapping screws. Wood parts intended for floor construction must undergo antiseptic treatment before installation.
5. Before constructing a floor covering on beam floors, layers of vapor and waterproofing materials are preliminarily laid on them. For example, polystyrene foam is laid in overlapping strips, after which all joints between its segments are covered with tape. On top of it lies insulation slabs in the form of ecowool, expanded clay or the same foamed polystyrene, and finally the finishing of the floor itself. It is not recommended to use heavy materials such as porcelain stoneware tiles. The ideal option regarding weight, reliability and durability is a parquet or regular wooden board.

Floor installation

After preparing all the materials, tools and erecting load-bearing walls, you can begin the installation of floors, which is carried out in several stages.

1. Stage one - design calculation

The shortest room size is always taken as the starting point. The cross-sectional size of the base determines the installation step-interval. As a rule, it corresponds to one meter.

For the initial beam, the most flat surface is especially necessary, which will not allow it to be fixed even with a slight tilt in the horizontal plane. The beam is selected so that it can withstand a load of more than 400 kg per square meter of its area.

Parts with a ratio of 1.5 to 1 are suitable in terms of height to width ratio.

It is necessary to equip floors in aerated concrete structures with a reserve, so the beams are selected a little longer than necessary according to calculations, and then the excess is sawed off using a regular hacksaw.

2. Stage two – preparation for installation

Even at the stage of wall construction, it is necessary to make special openings in aerated concrete blocks into which covering elements will be inserted. The opening spacing corresponds to the beams and is made every meter, 300 mm deep, and 300 mm wide or more, depending on the characteristics of the beam.

After installation, the end of the ceiling is not filled with anything to prevent wood rotting. It is strictly forbidden to install a load-bearing beam adjacent to a parallel wall.

3. Stage three - floor covering

This operation itself implies a clear sequence of manipulations:

1. One day before installation, all wood elements are prepared for installation by treating them with antiseptic and fire-resistant compounds, excluding the end surfaces.
2. The beams are measured, if necessary, sawing off the excess with a hacksaw, so that on both sides of the installation there is a margin of up to 450 mm from the dimensions of the room. It is necessary to saw off the excess at an angle of 60 degrees to ensure a trapezoidal cut, which, due to its geometry, provides a more reliable fixation in the wall.
3. Install the external beams, adjusting their position according to the level, centering them with a flat board across the direction of laying. The ends of the beam elements should not abut the aerated concrete walls - a gap of 30-50 mm must be provided for their ventilation.
4. After aligning all the beams and adjusting their position, fix each of them using dry crushed stone.
5. Finally, the planting nests in the aerated concrete walls are walled up with a solution of cement and crushed stone.
6. As the cement mixture sets, they begin to organize thermal insulation using polystyrene foam, expanded clay, ecowool and other materials.
7. Next, a layer of waterproofing is applied in the form of liquid rubber, mastic, polyurea, polymer varnishes, resins and other materials.
8. Upon completion of the waterproofing work, logs are installed using self-tapping screws - timber, which is the basis for laying the floorboard.
9. On top of the floorboard is a rough floor covering, and a decorative covering is laid on it.
10. The ceiling performs two functions at once - floor and ceiling. To equip the second, similar operations are performed, including heat and waterproofing. However, in this case, the logs need to be much less massive, because they will only need to withstand the weight of the finished ceiling covering.
11. Advantages and disadvantages of wooden floors.

Pros:

• Relatively low price, since wood is one of the most affordable building materials. Despite the use of the best wood species, which has undergone several stages of processing, the price of the final structure made from it will in any case be cheaper than the option based on reinforced concrete.
• Minimum weight characterizes wood material as not very durable, but this property is completely offset by combination with aerated concrete structures, which do not create an increased load, unlike brick buildings, which means that a structure with wooden elements does not lose strength. Therefore, combining two not the most durable, but inexpensive, lightweight and very easy to install and operate materials is extremely beneficial.
• Ease of use. Unlike concrete structures, installation costs and restrictions are minimal. The tree does not require “wet” operations and is not limited by the time of year. Therefore, structures made from it can be installed both in winter and in summer. Adjusted for winter frosts when organizing a reinforcing belt for earthquake-prone regions.

Minuses:

• Restrictions on use. Wooden floors in aerated concrete houses do not always provide sufficient structural reliability. For example, in multi-storey buildings with a third and subsequent floors, wood cannot be used on construction sites where seismicity exceeds 8 points.
• Low durability. Over time, a tree sooner or later loses its original performance characteristics. All sorts of impregnations and compounds that are used to pre-treat it will slow down this process. But even if an entire beam rots, its replacement is not an impossible or extremely complex and expensive operation and cannot be compared with the problems of restoring reinforced concrete floors.

1. When choosing a wood section, preference should be given to a more powerful element, since otherwise it will not be possible to compensate for their excessive weakness, even by making a solid palisade out of them in the ceiling.
2. For multi-storey buildings, it is recommended to lay wooden floors between floors not directly on aerated concrete blocks, but on a reinforced concrete reinforcing belt mounted around the entire perimeter of the building.
3. For laying a reinforcing belt and installing beams, the most suitable are special U-shaped blocks, which must be calculated and ordered separately.
4. The attic floor is subject to minimal loads, so you can seriously save on it by eliminating reinforcement and flooring. To move around the attic, it is enough to lay bridges between the joists.

Wooden floors in aerated concrete houses can be interfloor, basement, or attic. This is the most economical option that you can make yourself.

Advantages of wooden floors

Load-bearing structures made of wood have a number of positive characteristics:

• light weight;
• environmental friendliness;
• low cost;
• ease of installation;
• wide choice of wood;
• flexibility in configuration.

Wood improves the microclimate in a room made of aerated concrete blocks, promotes air circulation and maintains normal humidity.

Preparation before carrying out work on the manufacture of the floor frame

Before starting work, it is necessary to prepare building materials for installing the frame and walls. Aerated concrete needs to be reinforced; it does not tolerate compressive loads well. This is especially true for frames between floors, including wooden floors in aerated concrete buildings with a basement.

The foundation is under load from the weight of the building material, installed furniture, and people living in the room. Structural elements are also subject to vertical pressure, which also affects aerated concrete walls.

Reinforcement is carried out when laying walls every 4 rows. This procedure prevents the interaction of wall concrete with wooden beams, which are attached to the belt with reinforced plates. The reinforcement is laid in grooves cut into the blocks measuring 1.2*1.2 cm.

To arrange beam floors, you will need the following materials:

• Beams made of wood without weak areas, large knots, or laminated veneer lumber with a size of 50*150 mm.
• Wooden blocks 5*5 cm.
• Waterproofing in rolls and coating.
• Plywood, lining or other material for lining beam floors from the inside.
• Antiseptic, fire retardant impregnation.
• Sand, cement, crushed stone.

Wood processing methods and installation of load-bearing beams

Wood raw materials have some disadvantages; to eliminate them, the material is processed:

• special impregnations from rotting, fungus, mold;
• solutions, preventing the penetration of moisture;
• heat-resistant products, reducing the flammability level of wood.

Steel structural elements must be treated with anti-corrosion mixtures.

Installation of the supporting structure begins with laying power beams in increments of no more than 1 meter on the walls with an overlap of more than 15 cm.

The outermost wooden beams are installed first. Using a long board placed at the end, they are leveled. They should not be in close contact with the walls, but have a gap of 3–4 cm, which is later filled with insulation.

The remaining beams are mounted horizontally at the level of the outer ones. If the supports are not long enough, they can be extended with the same material. The bars are connected with bolts with an overlap of 0.5–1 meter. This type of fastening is considered reliable.

The beam is attached to the armored belt with anchor plates. The ends of the beams are cut at an angle of approximately 70° for better moisture release. The wood is coated with an antiseptic and heat-resistant impregnation. Oil-based substances and paints are not recommended for these purposes. They disrupt the process of natural evaporation of moisture.

The parts of the beams extending beyond the wall are coated with bitumen mastic and wrapped with rolled roofing felt in several layers. The outer ends are insulated with expanded polystyrene.

To insulate, the voids between the beams are filled with aerated concrete blocks or bricks with gaps between different materials of 2–3 cm. Mineral wool is driven into the voids. It prevents the wood from becoming damp and prevents condensation.

Calculation of the size of a wooden floor

It is important to correctly calculate the interfloor elements; the durability of an aerated concrete house directly depends on this. Before starting construction, it is necessary to determine the length and cross-section of the beams.

It is difficult to calculate the total load on an aerated concrete block and timber. Its total value is taken to be 400 kg/m², this includes the mass of the structure, furniture, and inhabitants.

To determine the cross-section, the table below shows the span length and the spacing of the logs.

Let the span length in a house made of aerated concrete be 4 m, and beams are installed every 60 cm. From the data in the table it can be seen that timber with a cross section of 100*200 mm is suitable for construction.

It is important to take into account that the boards extend into the wall at least 15 cm, so the length of the supporting structure is 4.3 m (4 = 0.15 = 0.15).

The thickness of the beams is determined depending on the expected load, plus a margin of 15–20%. When calculating the step between them, take into account:

• span width;
• type of wood;
• load on the structure.

The larger the span, the more often the ribs need to be laid. This will prevent them from bending under their own and additional weight.

The cross-section of lumber should ensure a deflection of no more than 1/300 of the size of the floor span. For good load resistance, building materials up to 6 m long are used.

After calculating the dimensions of the structural elements, they begin to purchase the necessary materials.

Wooden floor installation technology

Due to the specific properties of wood, the installation of floors in a house has some design features. All load-bearing elements are reinforced with metal: connections are secured with stainless steel plates. If the room area is large, additional elements are added: columns or crossbars.

The construction of a wooden supporting structure in a house made of aerated concrete is carried out in a certain sequence.

Step #1

Calculation of structural elements:

• Installation begins on the short side of the room.
• The pitch of the flooring directly depends on the cross-section of the timber. It is better to place material with a large cross-section less often than to place material with a small cross-section more often.
• The first beam is mounted perfectly level, level.
• Wooden beams must withstand pressure of up to 400 kg per 1 m².
• The optimal size of the load-bearing element is the height-to-width ratio of 1.5 to 1.

Step #2

Preparing for installation. When erecting walls, you need to mark the places where the beams will be attached with the following characteristics:

• crossbar pitch- 1m;
• beam depth- 0.3 m;
• width of building material- 0.3 m.

The ends of the installed boards are treated with waterproofing and insulated. There is no need to fill the remaining air space with anything.

Step #3

Layout of the supporting structure pie. The process includes the following operations:

Scheme of the “pie” of a wooden floor

• All elements of the wooden floor, with the exception of the ends, are treated with moisture and fire retardant impregnations.
• The beams are measured and laid around the perimeter of the room, with 0.4-0.5 m of the size of the room left on each side of the fastening. To impart strength, “corners” are sawn off from them at an angle of 70°, i.e., the elements are given a trapezoidal shape.
• The outer ribs are mounted level and centered. The gap for ventilation should be 2-4 cm.
• All laid main boards are fixed with dry crushed stone, the landing recesses are concreted with a mixture of cement and crushed stone.
• Thermal insulation with a layer of at least 100 mm is done after the screed has completely hardened. Polystyrene foam, ecowool or expanded clay are suitable for filler.
• A hydraulic barrier made of liquid rubber, injection resin, bitumen or seamless polyurea is laid on top.
• Lags are laid. The base material is beams 5 cm thick. A subfloor is attached crosswise to them using self-tapping screws, the material of which is pre-impregnated with an antiseptic.
• The ceiling is laid in the same sequence as the flooring.
• The final stage is finishing the structures.

In a house made of aerated concrete, you can make a monolithic belt of aerated concrete for installing wooden floors. It is created from special gas blocks that evenly distribute pressure on the walls. This will prevent cracking of the wall slabs.

The number of houses built from aerated concrete blocks increases significantly every year. This is explained not only by the popularity of the material, but also by the possibility of accelerated construction. The finished buildings are warm and environmentally friendly. In addition, the use of aerated block allows you to obtain a perfectly flat wall surface. When planning the structure of a house, you also need to decide which floors in a house made of aerated concrete are better and more reliable.

Main types

When building houses from aerated block, you can make prefabricated or monolithic floors. They are installed on metal and wooden beams using prefabricated monolithic structures or slabs with voids made of cellular and heavy concrete. If possible, builders can make the floor from a monolithic slab fabricated on site. Each type of flooring has its pros and cons. Considering the fact that aerated concrete is more often used in the construction of private houses, several main selection criteria can be identified.

Among them, the priority ones are:

• construction time;
• installation and material costs;
• need for special equipment.

When choosing the type of flooring in an aerated concrete house, you should not get hung up on calculating its strength and maximum load. For all types they are at a fairly high level, and also meet the standards for low-rise construction.

Still, it is better to give preference to materials with the lowest weight. But at the same time, their service life and strength must correspond to similar characteristics of aerated concrete. In addition, they must be resistant to negative influences of natural and chemical types.

Reinforced concrete slabs

In aerated concrete houses, you can make a ceiling structure from hollow reinforced concrete slabs. They are mainly used for spans of more than four meters. In such cases, you must first make a monolithic armored belt, which helps to evenly distribute the heavy weight onto the load-bearing walls.

This option can be called one of the most economical, despite the fact that even installing the first floor slab in a house made of aerated concrete requires renting a crane.

Problems can only arise with the delivery of reinforced concrete slabs to the construction site, since they are heavy and long. In floors made from such slabs, the permissible load is considered to be 800 kg per 1 sq. m.

Aerated concrete floors

The choice of this type of design ensures that the thermal conductivity functions of the entire structure are maintained at the same level. In addition, the weight of aerated concrete slabs is much less than the weight of their reinforced concrete counterpart. An important advantage of the material is that some types of plates can be connected together using the provided tongue-and-groove system. If there is no such connection, then the slabs are combined using reinforcement and sand-cement mortar.

If necessary, you can make an individual order to the manufacturer for products of non-standard sizes. It should be taken into account that the covering sheet must exceed the span length by at least 20 cm.

It is also worth considering the order production time in order to prevent downtime in construction work.

Monolithic design

The installation of a monolithic floor in a house made of aerated concrete is also quite acceptable. Work on its installation is carried out using formwork. The finished thickness of the length varies between 10−20 cm. This type of flooring has the highest load-bearing capacity(more than 800 kg per 1 sq. m.).

In this case, the shape and parameters of the span have no meaning. The floor and ceiling in the house can be made in absolutely any configuration: both semicircular and rectangular.

The concrete mixture can be made directly on site, but it is still better to order it from the factory. In some cases, a concrete pump may be required, since the work is carried out at height.

Metal and wood products

Wooden beams are suitable for attic and attic floors. But they are not recommended for use in all buildings, but only in those where the span distance is less than six meters. In this case, it will be possible to prevent the occurrence of deflections. The wooden floor of a house made of aerated concrete has some of its own requirements.

These include:

• mandatory installation of support on a reinforced belt (13-15 cm wide) made of monolithic reinforced concrete;
• fastening with anchor plates;
• beams impregnated with antimicrobial and fire retardant compounds;
• laying vapor and thermal insulation.

Plywood sheets or boards must be laid on the beams, and the space is insulated with mineral wool or expanded clay.

To ensure the greatest load-bearing capacity, you can install a metal structure. In this case, channels, I-beams and square pipes are used. Before use they are treated with an anti-corrosion compound..

The main advantages of this option are low financial costs and the fast pace of work of the construction team. Such a ceiling on the second floor in a house made of aerated concrete will be more reliable and stronger.

Before installing interfloor ceilings, you need to calculate the exact cost and time required to complete all work. And it is necessary to determine the load on the walls, depending on the use of a particular material. In one building you can combine different types of floors. For example, choose monolithic or aerated concrete slabs for the entire building, and wooden beams for the ceiling of the last floor. The final choice always remains with the owner of the house.

Ceilings are a horizontal structure that is installed between each floor of a building, and also separates the first floor from the basement, and the last from the roof. In addition, it takes considerable loads from load-bearing walls, due to which it imparts rigidity to the structure. Additionally, the ceiling in a house made of aerated concrete is made in such a way as to ensure heat retention.

Installation of interfloor ceilings

There are several options for installing aerated concrete floors between floors in a private house. These include monolithic and prefabricated types of structures. Thus, wooden or metal beams, special concrete slabs, or prefabricated monolithic options created immediately on site can be used. Each type of structure has certain advantages and disadvantages that must be taken into account when installing them in a building made of aerated concrete blocks. The main criteria for choosing interfloor floors in an aerated concrete house are:

• The need to use additional equipment for installation;
• Price of materials and installation;
• Duration of construction with their use.

Using the parameters of the maximum loads of interfloor floors in a house made of aerated concrete as the main criterion is irrelevant. This is due to the fact that all of the listed options make it possible to achieve sufficient strength for private homes. Typically they can withstand a load not exceeding 800 kg/1 m?. But materials that are lighter in weight will be more preferable in order to reduce the load on the blocks.

Overlapping their reinforced concrete and other slabs

It is justified to use a monolithic floor slab in a house made of aerated concrete due to its good strength and warm-water properties. In this regard, you can choose the most suitable options for a particular object:

• Prefabricated monolithic structures;
• Installation of a standard monolithic slab;
• Additionally reinforced slabs.

Some manufacturers offer their clients the creation of floor slabs for the second floor in a house made of aerated concrete, having individual dimensions. But usually the average length of the products is about 6 m, and the width is 1.8 m. The thickness parameters do not exceed 30 cm. For their production, only the autoclave method is used, which makes it possible to achieve the density of the B500 product. Often, a monolithic floor in a house made of aerated concrete is made with tongue-and-groove joints. Due to this, it is possible to make the connections more dense and carry out the installation faster.

The classic option is to install floor slabs, which are hollow products. Such options are common for the construction of houses made of aerated concrete blocks. It is recommended to use them for arranging spans whose width is no more than 6 m. However, before installing them, it is necessary to make an armored belt that allows you to evenly distribute the load on the walls. The advantage of such options is their low cost, despite the need to attract a construction crane. Such products provide a load of 800 kg for every 1 m2.

Prefabricated monolithic floor

In order to use prefabricated monolithic floors with a T-shape for a house made of aerated concrete, classic reinforced concrete beams up to 7 meters long are used. They are installed on the walls (at least 2 cm should lie on them) in increments of 70 cm. The entire distance that is formed between the iron floor beams in a house made of aerated concrete must be filled with concrete belonging to class B20. Next, the armored belt is laid and a 5 cm concrete screed is poured. The structure sets within 4 weeks, and you can begin to partially load it after the 10th day.

Wooden beams

When considering the question of which floor is best for a two-story house made of aerated concrete, it is worth considering separately the installation of wooden beams. They are great for separating the basement or second floor, as well as the attic. However, it is worth excluding the laying of floor beams on aerated concrete blocks in cases where the distance between the main walls is more than 6 m. If this is neglected, deflection will occur. The cross-sectional parameters of timber floors are determined by the loads, as well as the length of the span.

When installing wooden floor beams, you cannot take a step less than 0.5 m or more than 1 m.

Before laying such products, it is necessary to make a reinforced belt consisting of monolithic reinforced concrete on top of the aerated concrete walls. Its average height is about 15 cm, and anchor plates are used to secure the beams. To prevent the appearance of dew point directly in the ceilings, it is important to create good heat and vapor insulation. In order to prevent moisture condensation, it is worth additionally insulating all gaps and joints. To do this, it is worth using sealants or strands made of polyethylene foam.

The end part of the placed beam should be 5 cm from the wall and this distance must be sealed with insulation. Often mineral wool is used for this, due to the fact that other materials will need to be adjusted to size.

Installation of interfloor floor joists, whose length is more than 4.5 m, can, as a result of deflection, lead to the destruction of the previously created monolithic belt. Due to this, before laying the floor beams, it is necessary to make a special chamfer at their ends in order to prevent such negative consequences. Once the installation of these elements is completed, you can begin to create a subfloor, as well as install thermal insulation. When you plan to make a basement floor in a house made of aerated blocks, you should first create a good vapor barrier.

Metal beam floors

The installation of metal products is practically the same. In this case, the following options apply:

• I-beams;
• Special pipes with a square cross-section;
• Channel.

These products are highly resistant to loads, however, before making a floor in a house made of aerated concrete using them, it is necessary to carry out high-quality anti-corrosion treatment. To install such beams, the use of special equipment is not required; a team of 3 people is sufficient.

Monolithic ceiling

The most labor-intensive and time-consuming is the installation of a monolithic floor in a house made of aerated concrete. To create them, formwork is used, into which reinforcement is laid, and concrete is poured. The thickness of the floors created in this way is usually no more than 20 cm. This ensures a high load-bearing capacity of more than 800 kg/1 m². The process of laying such a floor on the first floor in a house made of aerated concrete, like any other, is carried out without taking into account the width of the span.

The concrete itself can be made with your own hands directly on the site, however, you should give preference to factory-made options that are made in full compliance with technological standards. In this case, you will additionally need to use a concrete pump to supply the mixture to the required height. In addition, in contrast to covering walls made of aerated concrete with slabs, monolithic options can be made in various shapes, including in the form of a semicircle due to the “filled” type of material.

Which floor is best for a two-story aerated concrete house is determined by a large number of parameters, as well as the requirements for the future foundation.

Reinforcing belt

First of all, laying floor slabs on aerated concrete blocks should be carried out on a specially prepared armored belt. It is necessary to distribute the load that will be exerted on the load-bearing walls from the upper floors. This includes not only the mass of the slabs themselves, but also other “payloads”, which are people, various objects and equipment located in the premises. It is the reinforcing belt that makes it possible to compensate for the main disadvantage of aerated concrete products - the tendency to bend and collapse.

In the absence of such an element, cracks will soon begin to form on the walls, and certain blocks will crack under uneven weight. Therefore, before laying floor slabs, as well as beams, the creation of this element is required. This is done as follows:

• First, formwork is installed along the edges of the blocks;
• Then the reinforcement is placed in it, and it is also bandaged;
• After this, concrete is poured and waiting for it to harden;
• At the end, the formwork is removed and the floors can be installed.

How monolithic floors are made

Before starting work, it is necessary to order equipment for transporting and supplying cement mortar to the required height, as well as a construction vibrator for compacting the material. When the concrete mixture is made on site with your own hands, it is necessary to have a concrete mixer. As reinforcement, you need to prepare metal rods and special wire for tying them. Formwork can be made from wooden beams, ordinary boards or plywood.

Creating a monolithic floor in a house made of aerated concrete with your own hands begins with the construction of formwork, which is a huge form into which the associated reinforcement is laid, and then liquid cement mortar is poured. It is made vertically stable so that it can withstand the weight of the entire solution poured into it. The sequence of the formwork construction work itself is as follows:

• First they make the supports. At this stage, it is recommended to strictly ensure that the horizontal level is maintained. Deviations will seriously affect the strength. It is necessary to make racks taking into account the load, which can reach 300 kg;
• The distance between the supports is 1 m;
• Next, the beams are installed across the future slab, and it is also attached directly to the walls. Additionally, to create maximum strength of the formwork, they are sewn to the posts;
• The parameters of the installed beam must prevent the structure from deflecting under the weight of the poured concrete;

• After creating the base, boards or sheets of plywood are laid out on it, which are additionally covered with an insulating film on top;
• During this period, all ventilation pipes and electrical wiring should be laid.

When the formwork is ready, you can begin to create the reinforcing mesh. This requires:

• Using metal rods with a cross-section of about 10 mm, you need to make a mesh by fastening them together with wire;
• The rods are fastened in a checkerboard pattern;
• Installation of reinforcement is carried out at several levels at once to ensure the resistance of the future structure to deformation;
• The mesh is laid in such a way that at least 2.5 cm remains before the formwork. This will create the proper thickness of concrete in such places;
• The top layer of reinforcement should be placed 10 cm above the bottom.

The next step is pouring concrete. Here it is important to strictly observe the parameters of strength, quality, and thickness:

• It is important to use only high-quality concrete options with a strength grade of at least M200. This parameter determines the future characteristics of the constructed floor;

• The thickness of the slab being erected must be at least 15 cm, but not more than 30 cm;
• Filling is possible only at air temperatures above +5°C. When it is required, but the weather does not allow it, special heaters are installed.

The procedure itself is carried out as follows:

• First, the required height is marked. The pouring itself is done at a time, so you need to have the required volume of concrete ready nearby, as well as a concrete pump that will allow you to continuously pour the solution into the mold. If this process was divided into several stages, then the ceiling will lose its strength;
• While the solution is being poured, it must be treated with a construction vibrator to remove bubbles from the composition. The mass of concrete itself is not enough to create the required level of compaction;
• Finally, you need to level the surface of the concrete so that it is flush with the formwork.

For a monolithic floor to reach its maximum strength, a minimum of 28 days is required.

Creating floors between floors can be done in different ways. For this purpose, metal or wooden beams, reinforced concrete floor slabs, as well as monolithic structures are used. Each method has its own characteristics that need to be taken into account.