Do antiviral drugs help? Cheap antiviral drugs for colds, flu, ARVI. list, types, application features. Direct acting antivirals

Antiviral drugs for colds and flu come to our aid when our temperature rises, cough and runny nose appear, when we feel unwell. Pharmacy chains offer a wide range of products. Advertising helps many people choose the right medicine. But how to choose an effective and inexpensive drug for colds and flu?

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How is a cold different from the flu?

A cold is a common name for a complex of respiratory symptoms. In medical terminology, a cold is understood. That is, colds are caused by viruses. The most common among them are:

• Adenovirus;
• reovirus;
• coronavirus;
• respiratory syncytial virus;
• rhinovirus.

Influenza is also a respiratory disease and is caused by a specific virus. These pathogens are spread through the air, through objects of common use. The specificity of the influenza virus lies in its ability to change the structure of surface proteins, i.e., endlessly mimic the human immune system. This property explains influenza epidemics.

There is also a parainfluenza virus. Symptomatically, it is in many ways similar to ordinary flu, but it is less acute and, as a rule, does not have serious complications.

Thus, a cold is not fundamentally different from the flu. Both are viral infections that must be treated with effective antiviral agents.

Types of antiviral agents

Modern effective antiviral drugs are represented by 4 groups:

• Products containing interferon;
• interferon inducers;
• antiviral immunomodulators;
• neuraminidase inhibitors.

Table 1. Types and trade names of modern effective antiviral drugs.

What remedies should I take?

The importance of interferon is enormous: it is a natural protein structure that makes healthy cells immune to viruses. The release of interferon by the body's cells is the first protective reaction that precedes (and stimulates) the immune response.


Let us remember that viruses, when they enter the body, infect healthy cells within which they multiply. Specific viral proteins inhibit the cells' production of their own interferon. This allows the virus to enter the cell and reproduce at tremendous speed. Interferon obtained from the outside interferes with this process, stopping the reproduction of the virus in already infected cells and significantly limiting its reproduction.

Interferon inducers

Effective remedies for colds and flu are interferon inducers, which stimulate the body's cells to produce their own interferon. Inducers are better than interferon agents:

• Practically do not cause allergies;
• combine well with other drugs that are used in the treatment of viral respiratory diseases;
• does not lead to the formation of antibodies (as is the case with external interferon).

Antiviral in complexes with immunomodulators and antihistamines

Unlike those discussed above, this type of drug affects the replication of the virus in one phase or another using chemicals. For example, in Ingavirin it is imidazolylethanamide of pentanedioic acid. In addition, these drugs have an immunostimulating, antihistamine effect and improve the production of their own interferon.

Neuraminidase inhibitors

Zanamivir and oseltamivir, which are part of these drugs, block the surface viral protein - neuraminidase, with the help of which the pathogen penetrates healthy cells and maintains resistance to local immunity of the respiratory tract. As a result, the spread of the virus is slowed and stopped. In addition, these drugs alleviate other symptoms of the disease: reduce, eliminate headaches and muscle pain, and improve overall well-being.

Effective antiviral agents

Most antivirals are effective against a wide range of viruses.

Table 2. Effective antivirals for colds and flu.

When talking about the most effective antiviral agent, two factors should be taken into account:

• Treatment for a viral infection should begin on the first day symptoms appear;
• people often self-medicate without any possibility of establishing an accurate diagnosis.

The most effective antivirals for colds and flu should be recognized as broad-spectrum agents in combination with immunomodulators and antihistamines.

Anaferon, Ingavirin, Arbidol additionally improve the production of their own interferon, helping to stop the replication of the virus. Ergoferon has an anti-irritant effect: relieves swelling of the mucous membrane, restores nasal breathing, eliminates itching in the nasopharynx.

Inexpensive antiviral drugs

In Table 3, drugs are sorted, starting from the most inexpensive antiviral drugs, and ending with imported neuraminidase inhibitors.

Table 3. Summary of average cost of a course of treatment with antiviral drugs (for an adult).

Thus, the most inexpensive antiviral drug is the Russian Anaferon from the group of antiviral and immunomodulatory agents. The course of treatment includes 20 tablets. Average cost 210 rubles.

Pediatric antiviral drugs

Products containing interferon can be used as antiviral drugs for children, starting from the first weeks of life.

Ergoferon can be used starting from 6 months of age.

Temiflu is indicated from 1 year of age.

Kagocel, Cycloferon, Arbidol and children's Anaferon can be prescribed to children from 3 years of age.

Antiviral drugs for children, depending on the age of the child, are used in a dosage of 1/3-½ of that recommended for adults.

Prophylactic use of antivirals

Antiviral drugs can be used as a means to prevent influenza and acute respiratory viral infections during periods of seasonal increases in respiratory infections.

Effective and safe prophylactic agents are interferons and interferon inducers.

Interferons are used 1 injection/instillation in the morning every day or every other day for 2-3 weeks.

To prevent influenza, Cycloferon is taken in 10-day cycles: 1 tablet every other day, then take a 3-day break and repeat the 10-day course.

Kagocel for the prevention of influenza is taken 2 tablets. for 2 days, then take a 5-day break, the cycle is repeated for 4-5 months.

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Viruses are constantly present in the environment, and they are carried by millions of people across the planet. Most people do not attach special importance to the emerging disease caused by viruses, in the hope that the immune system will cope on its own. Yes, the human immune system is able to defeat them, but it is too late when another, more serious infection appears in the weakened body and complications arise.

In addition, lifelong immunity is developed only to a small number of viruses; the rest, for example, constantly mutate, and the body has to defeat them again and again.

More about the drugs

Of course, medicine does not stand still, and the fight against viruses ends with the victory of human immunity, in most cases this happens with the help of antiviral drugs. The fact is that viruses are capable of developing resistance to drugs (mutate), and the drug that previously helped may turn out to be powerless.

Modern medical antiviral drugs are divided into:

1. Remedies against (herpes virus type 5).
2. Antiherpetic drugs (against herpes virus types 1 and 2).
3. Medicines against influenza.
4. Multifunctional, almost universal products.

There are medications that are mistakenly called antiviral. In fact, they do not directly affect the virus, but only stimulate the production of immune cells for quite a long time.

Drugs for the immune system

Immunomodulators are natural or synthetic drugs that can either stimulate or suppress the immune system; these include endogenous (contain human interferon), exogenous (obtained from the environment) and synthetic. According to their action and purpose they are divided into:

1. Immunosuppressors are drugs that suppress the action of the immune system, inhibit the development of new immune cells, some drugs uniformly affect the immune system, while others selectively, they are successfully used in transplant surgery, when it is necessary to resist the natural rejection of the recipient's body of a transplanted donor organ.
2. Immunostimulants - the word speaks for itself, these are drugs that activate the immune system, stimulate it to produce interferons, they are used in the form of tablets, suppositories, according to the decision of the attending physician.

In what cases are they accepted?

It should be taken with caution, only as recommended and in the indicated doses. When the immune system has failed as a result of stress, overwork, recent illness, hypothermia, overheating or acclimatization, you need to think about immunostimulating drugs.

Indications for their use are also frequent relapses of diseases, acute symptoms of infection, and complications that have arisen. Immunostimulating agents are taken both with antiviral drugs and, and separately: as a prophylaxis or strengthening the immune system during the rehabilitation process after an illness.

It should be remembered that under no circumstances should you self-medicate; this can lead to serious problems in the functioning of the immune system. She will get used to the help of immunomodulators and will stop producing interferons in the required quantities. It is also strictly forbidden to use immunosuppressants without indication from the attending physician.

Start of treatment

From the moment the virus enters the body, it takes from several hours to a week. A person may not realize that there is an infection in the body, but may already infect others. Everyone has been familiar with acute respiratory infections, ARVI and influenza since childhood. For some reason, not all people rush to get treatment and let everything take its course. And if an acute respiratory infection is an acute respiratory disease, or, more simply put, a common cold, then an acute respiratory viral infection is an acute respiratory viral infection that is viral in nature and, like the flu, can cause complications. Such infections usually begin the same way:

• sneezing;
• swelling of the nasal mucosa and colorless discharge;
• tearing eyes;
• weakness;
• aches in the limbs and body;
• headache;
• Later - .

In this case, you cannot hesitate and think whether to start treatment or it will go away on its own. The answer is obvious: take immediate action.

To quickly cope with the infection, antiviral medications are started to be taken within the first two days from the onset of the disease. Then some remedies simply lose their effectiveness, because there are already millions of viruses in the body. There are some drugs that fight any infection. The main thing is to avoid complications.

How to choose the right product?

You should not think that all antiviral agents are the same and differ only in name. They have different actions, activity, form, active ingredients and properties. For example, one drug is good against the flu, but not good against the herpes virus, and the third is completely ineffective when the disease is already in full swing.

It is very difficult to find an antiviral drug for yourself; a doctor will do this best, assess the clinical picture and severity of the disease, and prescribe a course of therapy.

List of the most effective pharmaceutical products

Of the wide variety of antiviral drugs offered, it is still worth highlighting several popular drugs among patients and doctors. They are divided into two groups and each in turn includes many means. We have chosen those that have been proven by experience.

Non-immunomodulatory agents

Approach the choice of the drug responsibly, carefully reading its description:

1. Remantadine is an effective, long-trusted antiviral drug that can deal even with the H1N1 virus (swine flu), its price is low, and the reviews are more than good, almost everyone tolerates it satisfactorily, the only side effects are slight dry mouth and gastrointestinal upset. intestinal tract, can be used for children from one year old, it is possible that the virus will become resistant to Remantadine, then it is indicated to replace the drug, it is not recommended for patients with kidney and liver problems.
2. Tamiflu– very active against influenza A and B types, its use is recommended at the onset of the disease, you need to be careful with this medicine, as it can cause diarrhea, nausea, dizziness and even hallucinations and depression, it turns out that its effect has not been fully studied, It is indicated for children from one year old and belongs to the category of expensive drugs.
3. Arbidol– a good, universal antiviral agent, effective against herpes, influenza, rotavirus, ARVI and even some bronchial diseases, indicated for children from 3 years of age, belongs to the drugs of the average price category, widely used in the treatment of many viral diseases;
4. Ribavirin- an active and very quickly acting medicine against viruses such as influenza, oncogenic, herpes, as well as against rare infections, popular among tourists traveling in Africa and South America, used only by adults, effective at any stage of the disease, sharply contraindicated in patients with mental disorders, heart attack, heart and kidney failure, average price category.
5. – has a local effect, it is lubricated inside both nostrils, after a few hours the nose must be washed with sea water, it is indicated during outbreaks of infection and epidemics, as well as when a child is at school or preschool for preventive purposes.

Immunomodulatory agents

There are also more complex drugs that, in addition to antiviral effects, include support for the human immune system:

• – effective tablets with extensive action, taken according to the regimen prescribed by the doctor, at any stage of the disease, stimulates the production of interferon, fights viruses, is contraindicated for women carrying or breastfeeding a child, can be used by children from the age of three, has virtually no side effects;
• – a popular remedy in the fight against influenza and herpes virus, well tolerated;
• – a synthetic medicine, but no less effective, universal, used for all types and manifestations of the virus, well tolerated by patients, but it is not prescribed to children under seven years of age, stimulates the production of three types of interferons;
• Tsitovir 3– contraindicated for children under one year of age, nursing and pregnant women, as well as patients with problems of the genitourinary system, hypotensive patients and patients with diabetes, effectively stimulates the production of immune cells;
• Ingavirin– a very effective immunostimulating and antiviral agent, indicated only for adults, highly active against the influenza virus, does not cause side effects or allergic reactions.

As you can see, complex drugs that contain antiviral and immunostimulating properties are the most effective, since they not only block and destroy the virus, but help the immune system, and they can be used for preventive purposes. Such new generation agents are active even against constantly mutating viruses. Your attending physician will help you decide on the choice of drug based on your diagnosis.

Viruses are constantly present in the environment, and they are carried by millions of people across the planet.

Most people do not attach special importance to the emerging disease caused by viruses, in the hope that the immune system will cope on its own. Yes, the human immune system is able to defeat them, but it is too late when another, more serious infection appears in the weakened body and complications arise. In addition, lifelong immunity is developed only to a small number of viruses; the rest, for example, the herpes virus, constantly mutate, and the body has to defeat them again and again.

When choosing medications, consider the following features:

• release form;
• presence of contraindications;
• patient's age;
• price of medicine.

For example, it is more convenient for children to use drops or suppositories, and a neutral or pleasant taste of the drug is preferable. Do not forget about the patient’s age - the dosage of the drug may depend on this. Antiviral medications do not have to be expensive; you can buy good tablets or syrup without hurting your wallet.

Classification

All anti-virus products can be divided into 3 categories:

1. Vaccines- these are special substances that most often come in the form of vaccinations and are used to prevent serious viral diseases. Each vaccine is effective against one specific disease.
2. Immunostimulants and immunomodulators. Such drugs strengthen the human immune system by producing interferon. They are not expensive, but effective for adults in winter, when the immune system is weakened.
3. Antiviral drugs. These medications have both a targeted effect on a specific disease or virus, and can have a broad effect on the body. They work by stimulating the production of various enzymes.

As for antiviral drugs, these drugs are divided into groups, and 4 of them can be considered the most effective in the fight against colds.

1. Antiviral agents containing antihistamines and immunomodulators(Anaferon, Arbidol). They have a chemical effect on virus replication and promote the production of their own interferon.
2. Products containing interferon (Grippferon, Alfarona). Interferon is a natural protein structure that makes body cells immune to viral cells.
3. Interferon inducers(Kagocel, Lavomax). They activate processes in the body that awaken cells to their own production of interferon.
4. Neuraminidase inhibitors(Tamiflu, Relenza). The drugs inhibit neuraminidases (specific proteins of the virus), which stops its further progression.

Use of antiviral drugs

The use of this group of drugs is justified after laboratory diagnostics have been carried out and the exact type of virus that caused the infectious disease has been established. Today, several main drugs are used to treat various viral infections:

• Flu, ARVI- Amizon, Amiksin. For severe forms of the disease - Tamiflu (this drug had a pronounced effect against influenza caused by the A/H1N1 virus), Rimantadine.
• Herpes virus infection and herpes zoster– Acyclovir, Gerpevir.
• Viral hepatitis (B, C)– Amiksin, Laferon, Ribavirin. A combination of these drugs is usually used.
• HIV infection– Zidovudine, Lamivudine, Etravirine.
• Cytomegalovirus infection and human papillomavirus (HPV)– Acyclovir, Cycloferon.

Antiviral drugs only have an effect on viruses in the replication stage. If viral DNA or RNA is inserted into the genome of a cell, but without the process of forming new particles, the drugs have no effect. In relation to ARVI and influenza, they have an effect only in the first 48-72 hours from the onset of the disease (the period of active replication).

When using such drugs, it is very important to observe the dosage, frequency of administration and duration of treatment. There are also antiviral drugs for children in age-appropriate dosages.

Mechanism of action

Antiviral drugs are separated from anti-infective drugs into a separate group. This was done due to the fact that no other antibacterial drugs (including well-known antibiotics) can have an effective effect on the development of viruses. This invulnerability of the virus is due to their small size and structural features. For comparison, let's try to compare, say, the sizes of our planet and an apple. So, the planet in our example is a medium-sized microbe, and the apple we are used to is a virus.

Viruses consist of nucleic acids - sources of self-reproduction information and capsules surrounding them. In the “host” body, under favorable conditions, they can multiply very quickly, including by “embedding” their information into the cells of the diseased organism, which themselves begin to reproduce these pathogenic forms. The usual defenses of the human immune system (blood cells) are often powerless against them. The number of pathogenic viruses found is more than 500.

The first drug with antiviral properties was obtained back in 1946, it was called Thiosemicarbazone. As the main component, it was part of Faringosept, and for many years it was used in clinical medicine to combat inflammatory diseases of the throat. Then Idoxuridine was discovered, which is used against the herpes virus.

Since the early 80s of the last century, active work began on the creation of drugs that stimulate the body’s ability to synthesize interferon. Scientific work continues in our time. Unfortunately, the cost of antiviral drugs is quite high.

10 most effective antiviral drugs

Having studied all the market offers, based on reviews from doctors and patients, we have compiled a rating of the TOP 10 most effective antiviral drugs for 2019.

Amiksin

The antiviral drug Amiksin is successfully used not only for the treatment of influenza and ARVI, but also as a prophylactic against these ailments. Doctors recommend taking this medicine in a course of 6 tablets, but before using it you should consult a specialist.

The effectiveness of Amiksin is high, and its cost in pharmacies depends on the dosage of the active substance. The average price of the drug is 500 rubles. The drug Amiksin combines well with other medications for the treatment of bacterial and viral infections, including antibiotics. On the part of the digestive system, side effects in the form of dispersion are possible, and experts also note phenomena such as chills and an allergic reaction.

The medicine gives a good effect in the treatment of a viral infection characterized by an acute course.

Kagocel

One of the best-selling drugs on the Russian market. Developed in the late 1980s. in Soviet Union. One of the main active ingredients is obtained from cotton and is a gossypol copolymer. Another component is cellulose glycolic acid. The combination of these components leads to increased secretion of interferon by immune cells.

It should be noted that pure gossypol is known as a drug that negatively affects male spermatogenesis. And although the developers claim that the preparation contains an insignificant amount of this substance in its pure form, this circumstance makes us wary.

Amizon

The drug belongs to the group of inducers of endogenous interferons; after entering the bloodstream, it stimulates the production of the corresponding protective protein. This allows Amizon to indirectly prevent the spread of influenza and ARVI viruses, and the earlier treatment is started, the more successful the result will be. The medicine has no direct analogues on the pharmaceutical market, and has a minimal incidence of side effects - only about 6%, which is very good in comparison with other antiviral drugs from the group of interferon inducers.

The disadvantages of Amizon include the impossibility of use in childhood, as well as during gestation and breastfeeding. These limitations are explained by the relative novelty of the drug and insufficient research into its effects on the body. Side effects occasionally include bitterness and burning in the mouth, drooling and swelling of the mucous membrane.

Anaferon

The drug is available in the form of lozenges for children and adults, as well as drops for oral administration for children.

Pharmacological action: the drug is based on antibodies to human interferon, that is, molecules similar to viral ones. The body “thinks” that a virus has entered the bloodstream and activates an immune response. It increases the production of various lymphocytes and increases the functional reserve of those that will “go” directly to the site of inflammation. The drug is also an interferonogen, increasing the formation of its own “early” interferons (alpha and beta), as well as gamma interferons.

Price: Anaferon in tablets for children and adults - about 210 rubles for 20 tablets, Anaferon in drops - 260 rubles

Remantadine

This is a widely known drug that has proven itself well among buyers. Remantadine can effectively fight many viral diseases and even the recently identified swine flu. This remedy can be prescribed to children from the age of 1 year.

Like any medical drug, rimantadine has its side effects and contraindications. This drug may cause:

• dry mouth;
• dizziness;
• apathy;
• nausea;
• cardiac tachycardia.

It is most effective to take this drug at the initial stage of the disease, since it is a general antiviral agent. It may not cope with some mutating viruses. In this case, it is advisable to choose another remedy as prescribed by the doctor.

Cycloferon

Refers to a means of stimulating the production of interferon, while simultaneously enhancing its antiviral activity.

It is used in the form of injection forms, ointments and tablet form. Allowed for use by children over 4 years old. It has a therapeutic effect against acute respiratory viral infections, viral hepatitis, and papilloma viruses. It also has a positive effect on bacterial infections due to its immunostimulating effect.

Ribavirin

An active and very quickly acting medicine against viruses such as influenza, oncogenic, herpes, as well as against rare infections, popular among tourists traveling in Africa and South America, used only by adults, effective at any stage of the disease, sharply contraindicated in patients with mental disorders disorders, heart attack, heart and kidney failure, average price category.

Ingavirin

The drug Ingavirin has a wide spectrum of action. It is effective in the treatment of influenza and other acute respiratory diseases; the medicine stimulates the production of interferon in humans. If signs of illness are detected, Ingavirin should be taken immediately, the dosage is 1 tablet per day.

The course of treatment depends on the individual characteristics of the patient and varies from 5 to 7 days. The drug is non-toxic and will be well tolerated by the body, however, it is not prescribed to children.

Viferon

This medicine is available in the form of rectal suppositories; this method of administration ensures the best absorption of interferon and minimal risk of side effects.

Viferon helps to cope not only with influenza and ARVI, but also with severe chronic pathologies of a bacterial nature, since this drug is one of the most powerful stimulants of nonspecific immunity. Viferon suppositories are prescribed even to premature babies with congenital infectious diseases and sick pregnant women to minimize intrauterine infection of the fetus. The drug is available in a wide range of dosages: from 150,000 IU to 3,000,000 IU.

The only disadvantages of Viferon include its impressive cost. Undesirable side effects when using these antiviral suppositories are extremely rare and are limited to an allergic skin rash, which goes away on its own 72 hours after stopping the drug.

Tamiflu

This drug was developed in the USA in the late 1980s. Initially it was planned to be used in the fight against the AIDS virus, but then it turned out that oseltamivir is not dangerous to this virus. However, instead, it was discovered that the drug is active against influenza types A and B.

The drug is most effective in severe forms of influenza due to its ability to suppress the formation of cytokines and prevent inflammation and excessive immune response in the form of a cytokine storm. Today, this drug probably leads the rating in terms of effectiveness among other etiotropic drugs.

When choosing a dosage, you should take into account the patient’s condition, the nature of the disease, and the presence of chronic diseases. The standard duration of treatment is 5 days, dosage is 75-150 mg. However, it is worth noting that the drug does not act against ARVI pathogens. In addition, an overdose of the drug and its uncontrolled use, including for preventive purposes, can lead to very serious health consequences, for example, mental disorders.

Which doctor should I contact?

If symptoms of a viral infection appear, you should consult a physician or pediatrician.

If the disease is severe, the patient is hospitalized in an infectious diseases hospital. Pneumonia caused by viruses is treated by a pulmonologist. For recurring viral infections, you should consult an immunologist.

In the autumn-winter period, the frequency of acute respiratory viral infections increases significantly. There are a lot of viruses that affect the respiratory tract - about 300 species, but the most common of them are viruses, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial infection, as well as rhino- and adenoviruses.

Treatment of ARVI should be carried out in 3 directions: etiotropic (that is, the effect on the cause of the disease, on the virus itself), pathogenetic (drugs affect the mechanisms of development of the disease) and symptomatic (elimination of unpleasant symptoms for the patient caused by the disease). In this article we will talk about drugs specifically for the etiotropic treatment of ARVI, that is, antiviral drugs.

A few words about the principles of etiotropic treatment of ARVI

Many of us are accustomed to taking all kinds of medications out of the bedside table at the slightest sneeze or cough and intensively treating ourselves. Also, many people start taking antibiotics from the first day of ARVI. This is fundamentally wrong! The antibacterial drug acts specifically on bacteria, and in ARVI, the cause of the disease is a virus, and only on the 5-7th day of illness is it possible for secondary bacterial flora to join, when the use of an antibiotic is advisable. Unfortunately, drugs from this group do not work for preventive purposes.

The drugs of choice when the first symptoms of ARVI occur are antiviral drugs. In mild forms of the disease, you can do without them: it will fight off the infection on its own. However, if a cough or runny nose appears suddenly and is severe, plus the temperature has risen, then you cannot do without an antiviral drug. It is important to know that these medications are only effective for diseases when the infectious agent is actively multiplying and spreading throughout the body: you should start taking them as soon as you realize that you are getting sick. On the 3-4-5 day of ARVI, therapy with antiviral drugs will not have the desired effect. This is why you should not hesitate to treat colds and flu. The habit of most of our compatriots to postpone therapy and endure the disease on their feet leads to the fact that almost half of those who fall ill are at risk of developing complications: bronchitis, pneumonia, sinusitis, even sometimes pyelonephritis, stomatitis. The appearance of the first symptoms of the flu - chills, runny nose, fever - should be a signal to begin treatment for a cold.

Classification of antiviral drugs

Antiviral drugs used for influenza and ARVI, depending on the origin and mechanism of their effect on viruses, are divided into several groups:

• Interferons;
• Interferon inducers;
• Cyclic amines;
• Neuraminidase inhibitors;
• Antiviral drugs of plant origin;
• Other drugs.

Let's look at each of the groups and their representatives in more detail.

Interferons

Interferons are a group of protein substances that are produced by cells infected with viruses. The main function of these substances is to prevent the proliferation of viruses in cells. That is, interferon is the most important factor in protecting the body from viral infection. To support the body during acute respiratory viral infections, make its task easier and speed up recovery, scientists have proposed introducing interferon obtained from human donor blood into the affected body. Later, a number of interferon drugs were obtained artificially: by genetic engineering.

Human leukocyte interferon

It comes in the form of a powder and is intended for the treatment and prevention of acute respiratory viral infections, in particular influenza.
It is used in the form of a solution, which is prepared in boiled water at room temperature.
You should start taking the drug if there is a threat of infection with ARVI (before contact with an infected person or before visiting a crowded place during an epidemic) and continue as long as there is a risk of getting sick.

Before use, the ampoule with the powder is opened, diluted with water, shaken until the contents are completely dissolved, after which 5 drops of the resulting solution are injected into each nasal passage. The frequency of administration is 2 times a day.

If infection with ARVI has already occurred, not only therapeutic doses of the drug are needed. Its effectiveness is higher the earlier treatment is started. Inject 5 drops into each nasal passage after 1-2 hours at least 5 times a day for three days. The introduction of interferon is more effective: the contents of 3 ampoules must be dissolved in 10 ml of warm (at least 37°C) water; carry out inhalations twice a day during the first 3 days of illness.

You can use interferon for a viral infection: drop one drop into each eye every 1-2 hours.

Grippferon

A combination drug containing recombinant human α-interferon and several other components. Also used for the treatment and prevention of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections. Apply three drops intranasally into each nasal passage once every 3-4 hours.
Individual hypersensitivity to the components of the drug is also contraindicated.

Viferon

Viferon is an α-interferon produced in the form of rectal suppositories. Can also be used for ARVI. It is usually used for illness.

Interferon inducers

Drugs of this class stimulate the formation of the body’s own interferons. Effective against a wide range of viruses, in particular against influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections.

Tiloron (Amiksin, Lavomax)

The most prominent representative of drugs in this group.

For influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections, adults are recommended to take 125 mg orally once a day for the first two days of illness, and starting from the 3rd day - 125 mg once every 48 hours. The dose per course of treatment is 750 mg. For the purpose of prevention, 125 mg is prescribed orally once a week for 6 weeks.

While taking the drug, nausea, a short-term increase in body temperature, and extremely rarely allergic reactions are possible.

Umifenovir (Arbidol, Arpeflu, Arbivir, Immusstat)

In addition to interferon-inducing activity, it stimulates cellular immunity, increasing the body's resistance to infections.

For the purpose of prevention, in case of contact with a patient, take 0.2 g per day for 10-14 days. During the period of seasonal increase in the incidence of influenza and ARVI - 0.1 g per day once every three days for three weeks.
For treatment purposes, it is recommended to take 0.2 g 4 times a day for three days in a row.

Umifenovir-based drugs are contraindicated in case of individual hypersensitivity to it, as well as in severe concomitant somatic pathology.

Of the side effects, it is worth noting only allergic reactions in case of individual hypersensitivity to the drug.

Cyclic amines

Of the drugs in this group, rimantadine is the best known.

Rimantadine (Remavir, Remantadine-KR)

The mechanism of action of rimantadine is to inhibit the reproduction of the virus by disrupting the formation of its shell.

Release form: tablets and powder dosed in sachets (used in children).

For prevention, one tablet (50 g) is prescribed once a day for 10-14 days.
Rimantadine is contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, in case of severe sensitivity, as well as during pregnancy and lactation.

It is well tolerated, but occasionally unpleasant effects such as vomiting, loss of appetite, dizziness, insomnia, loss of coordination of movements, drowsiness, irritability, increased arousal, disturbances of taste and smell, palpitations, arterial hypertension, loss of consciousness, ringing or noise are possible. ears, bronchospasm, allergic reactions in the form of itching. After discontinuation of the drug, side effects usually disappear on their own.

Prescribed with caution to persons suffering from epilepsy, severe liver and kidney problems. In case of renal failure, it is necessary to take lower doses of the drug.

Neuraminidase inhibitors

Medicines in this group act exclusively on the influenza virus: they inhibit the formation of the enzyme neuraminidase, which promotes the release of the virus from the infected cell. As a result, influenza virions do not leave the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, but die there. As a result, the severity of flu symptoms decreases and recovery occurs in a shorter period of time. Unfortunately, neuraminidase inhibitors have a number of serious side effects. Thus, while taking them, it is possible to develop psychoses, hallucinations and other mental disorders, as well as disorders of consciousness.

Drugs that have proven effectiveness against the influenza virus are zanamivir and oseltamivir.

Zanamivir (Relenza)

It is used only with the help of a special device - a diskhaler, by inhalation through the mouth. For the purpose of treatment, 2 inhalations are prescribed (this is 10 mg of the drug) twice a day for five days. As a preventative measure, it is recommended to take 2 inhalations once a day for 10 days to one month.

A contraindication to taking zanamivir is increased individual sensitivity to the components of the drug.

Side effects have been described above. You can also add the possibility of developing allergic reactions in response to the administration of zinamivir.

Studies of the drug on pregnant women and women during lactation have not been conducted, therefore it is undesirable to use this drug in these categories of patients.

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu, Tamivir)

Available in the form of tablets and powder for the preparation of suspension for oral administration (dosage form for children).

It is recommended to take 75 mg twice a day for 5 days, preferably with meals. In case of insufficiency of renal function, when the creatinine clearance is 30 ml/min or less, the dose of the drug should be reduced to 75 mg once a day.

Oseltamivir is contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity to it, as well as during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Herbal antiviral agents

The most famous among the drugs in this group are Altabor, Immunoflazid, Proteflazid, Flavazide.

Altabor

The active ingredient of this drug is a dry extract of alder fruit, the active components of which induce the body's synthesis of its own interferon and inhibit the activity of neuraminidase of the influenza virus. In addition, the drug has a detrimental effect on many types of bacteria.

For preventive purposes, it is recommended to take 2 tablets three times a day. The tablet should be dissolved slowly in the mouth. For treatment purposes, also take 2 tablets, dissolving slowly in the mouth. The frequency of administration is 4 times a day. The duration of treatment is one week.

Altabor is contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity of the patient's body to it. In this case, while taking the drug, allergic reactions may develop.

This drug is not recommended during pregnancy and breastfeeding, since there is no data regarding its safety for the child.

Immunoflazid, Proteflazid, Flavozid

These are drugs from the same pharmaceutical company with a similar composition and effects similar to each other.

The basis of these medicines are liquid extracts of the grass Pike turf and Terrestrial reed grass.

The mechanism of action of the drugs is the inhibition of virus-specific enzymes by the active components, which leads to a decrease or cessation of viral reproduction. In addition, the drug inhibits viral neuraminidase, stimulates the production of endogenous interferon, and also has an immunomodulatory effect.

Proteflazide is available in the form of drops, which are recommended to be taken according to the following regimen: the first 7 days of treatment - 7 drops twice a day: from 8 to 21 days of treatment - 15 drops twice a day; from the 22nd to the 30th day of treatment - 12 drops twice a day. The duration of treatment is one month.

Flavazide is taken 5 ml of syrup twice a day from the 1st to the 3rd days of illness, and starting from the 4th - 8 ml also twice a day.

These drugs are contraindicated if the patient is individually intolerant to them.
Side effects are rarely reported. In isolated cases, patients note the appearance of nausea, vomiting, stool disorders, headache, weakness, dizziness, fever and allergic reactions that occur during treatment.

Other antivirals

This class of drugs, used as etiotropic treatment of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections, includes drugs that are not included in any of the groups described above. These are inosine pranobex, Amizon and Engistol.

Inosine pranobex (Groprinosine, Inosine, Novirin)

It is an antiviral agent that also has immunomodulatory properties. The mechanism of the antiviral effect is to inhibit the synthesis of the virus by integrating a component of the drug into parts of the cell affected by the virus, as a result of which the structure of the genetic material of the virus and its ability to reproduce are disrupted.

The drug is administered orally. The average dose is 6-8 tablets per day in 3-4 doses. To calculate more precisely, the daily dose of the drug is 50 mg per 1 kg of the patient’s body weight. The maximum daily dose is 4 g. The duration of treatment with inosine pranobex is 5-14 days in the case of an acute disease and 1-2 weeks longer in case of a protracted course.

Contraindications to taking Groprinosin are hyperuricemia (increased levels of uric acid in the blood), as well as individual hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.
One of the most common side effects of inosine pranobex is an increase in uric acid levels in the blood and urine while taking the drug. The levels of this substance return to normal immediately after cessation of treatment.

Patients taking Inosine may complain of a feeling of malaise, general weakness, nausea, vomiting, stomach discomfort, headache, dizziness, volatile symptoms, as well as skin rashes and itching of an allergic nature. Rarely, diarrhea, sleep disturbances or drowsiness, nervousness, dizziness and acute allergic reactions occur: anaphylactic shock, angioedema and the like.

During pregnancy and lactation, the use of these medications is not recommended, since there is no data regarding their safety for the child.

Engystol

Complex homeopathic medicine with a pronounced antiviral effect.
A single dose for adults is one tablet, which should be dissolved under the tongue. A single dose is taken three times a day 20 minutes before a meal or 60 minutes after it. In case of acute onset of the disease, Engystol should be taken 1 tablet every 15 minutes for the first 2 hours. Later - according to standard recommendations - three times a day.

While taking Engystol, allergic reactions may occur.

The question of whether pregnant and lactating women should take this drug is decided solely by the attending physician.

Sagrippin Homeopathic

Homeopathic remedy for adults and children (from 3 years). It is recommended to be used in the treatment of ARVI as part of complex therapy (in combination with antibiotics, antipyretics, antihistamines).

Amizon

This drug belongs to the group of non-narcotic analgesics. Its main effects are antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and interferonogenic.
When treating influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections, the drug is taken 0.25 g (one tablet) three times a day. The course of treatment is 5-7 days.

Amizon is contraindicated in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy, as well as in cases of individual hypersensitivity of the patient’s body to iodine preparations.
Adverse reactions include increased salivation, bitterness in the mouth, and slight swelling of the oral mucosa.

In conclusion, we would like to note once again that the information provided above on the drugs is intended for informational purposes only. In case of illness, you should not self-medicate, but rather consult a doctor as soon as possible.

Antiviral drugs for colds and flu come to our aid when our temperature rises, cough and runny nose appear, when we feel unwell. Pharmacy chains offer a wide range of products. Advertising helps many people choose the right medicine. But how to choose an effective and inexpensive drug for colds and flu?

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Classmates

How is a cold different from the flu?

A cold is a common name for a complex of respiratory symptoms. In medical terminology, a cold is understood. That is, colds are caused by viruses. The most common among them are:

• Adenovirus;
• reovirus;
• coronavirus;
• respiratory syncytial virus;
• rhinovirus.

Influenza is also a respiratory disease and is caused by a specific virus. These pathogens are spread through the air, through objects of common use. The specificity of the influenza virus lies in its ability to change the structure of surface proteins, i.e., endlessly mimic the human immune system. This property explains influenza epidemics.

There is also a parainfluenza virus. Symptomatically, it is in many ways similar to ordinary flu, but it is less acute and, as a rule, does not have serious complications.

Thus, a cold is not fundamentally different from the flu. Both are viral infections that must be treated with effective antiviral agents.

Types of antiviral agents

Modern effective antiviral drugs are represented by 4 groups:

• Products containing interferon;
• interferon inducers;
• antiviral immunomodulators;
• neuraminidase inhibitors.

Table 1. Types and trade names of modern effective antiviral drugs.

What remedies should I take?

The importance of interferon is enormous: it is a natural protein structure that makes healthy cells immune to viruses. The release of interferon by the body's cells is the first protective reaction that precedes (and stimulates) the immune response.


Let us remember that viruses, when they enter the body, infect healthy cells within which they multiply. Specific viral proteins inhibit the cells' production of their own interferon. This allows the virus to enter the cell and reproduce at tremendous speed. Interferon obtained from the outside interferes with this process, stopping the reproduction of the virus in already infected cells and significantly limiting its reproduction.

Interferon inducers

Effective remedies for colds and flu are interferon inducers, which stimulate the body's cells to produce their own interferon. Inducers are better than interferon agents:

• Practically do not cause allergies;
• combine well with other drugs that are used in the treatment of viral respiratory diseases;
• does not lead to the formation of antibodies (as is the case with external interferon).

Antiviral in complexes with immunomodulators and antihistamines

Unlike those discussed above, this type of drug affects the replication of the virus in one phase or another using chemicals. For example, in Ingavirin it is imidazolylethanamide of pentanedioic acid. In addition, these drugs have an immunostimulating, antihistamine effect and improve the production of their own interferon.

Neuraminidase inhibitors

Zanamivir and oseltamivir, which are part of these drugs, block the surface viral protein - neuraminidase, with the help of which the pathogen penetrates healthy cells and maintains resistance to local immunity of the respiratory tract. As a result, the spread of the virus is slowed and stopped. In addition, these drugs alleviate other symptoms of the disease: reduce, eliminate headaches and muscle pain, and improve overall well-being.

Effective antiviral agents

Most antivirals are effective against a wide range of viruses.

Table 2. Effective antivirals for colds and flu.

When talking about the most effective antiviral agent, two factors should be taken into account:

• Treatment for a viral infection should begin on the first day symptoms appear;
• people often self-medicate without any possibility of establishing an accurate diagnosis.

The most effective antivirals for colds and flu should be recognized as broad-spectrum agents in combination with immunomodulators and antihistamines.

Anaferon, Ingavirin, Arbidol additionally improve the production of their own interferon, helping to stop the replication of the virus. Ergoferon has an anti-irritant effect: relieves swelling of the mucous membrane, restores nasal breathing, eliminates itching in the nasopharynx.

Inexpensive antiviral drugs

In Table 3, drugs are sorted, starting from the most inexpensive antiviral drugs, and ending with imported neuraminidase inhibitors.

Table 3. Summary of average cost of a course of treatment with antiviral drugs (for an adult).

Thus, the most inexpensive antiviral drug is the Russian Anaferon from the group of antiviral and immunomodulatory agents. The course of treatment includes 20 tablets. Average cost 210 rubles.

Pediatric antiviral drugs

Products containing interferon can be used as antiviral drugs for children, starting from the first weeks of life.

Ergoferon can be used starting from 6 months of age.

Temiflu is indicated from 1 year of age.

Kagocel, Cycloferon, Arbidol and children's Anaferon can be prescribed to children from 3 years of age.

Antiviral drugs for children, depending on the age of the child, are used in a dosage of 1/3-½ of that recommended for adults.

Prophylactic use of antivirals

Antiviral drugs can be used as a means to prevent influenza and acute respiratory viral infections during periods of seasonal increases in respiratory infections.

Effective and safe prophylactic agents are interferons and interferon inducers.

Interferons are used 1 injection/instillation in the morning every day or every other day for 2-3 weeks.

To prevent influenza, Cycloferon is taken in 10-day cycles: 1 tablet every other day, then take a 3-day break and repeat the 10-day course.

Kagocel for the prevention of influenza is taken 2 tablets. for 2 days, then take a 5-day break, the cycle is repeated for 4-5 months.

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