Connecting o and e in complex ones. Words with two roots (compound words) with separating e, o. List of words

Lesson topic: Connecting vowels o - e in complex words (6th grade) (Slide 1)

Motto:“I cannot live without intense mental work. The meaning of life disappears" (Sherlock Holmes) (Slide 2)

Target:

1) Know: about the formation of complex words from the stems of original words using connecting vowels o - e.

2) Be able to: choose the connecting vowels o - e correctly in complex words.

3) Developmental: develop the ability to independently acquire knowledge; develop mental operations: analysis, synthesis, comparison, classification, as well as attention, memory, logical thinking; develop cognitive and creative abilities through a variety of activities.

4) Educational: awakening cognitive interest in Russian language lessons and surrounding phenomena. (Slide 3)

Equipment: Computer, presentation (Application), cards.

During the classes

I. Organizational moment

introduction

Task: Organize students' attention, ensure full readiness for work, familiarize themselves with the work plan.

The bell rang, and we met again at the next lesson, which I would like to begin with the words of Sherlock Holmes: “I cannot live without intense mental work. The meaning of life is disappearing,” which will become the motto of our lesson. (Slide 2)

II. Updating knowledge (Slide 4)

Task: Set up students to perceive new material, repeat material about ways to form words.

Exercise: Read the poem “Merry Poems” and tell how words are formed in the Russian language.

Funny poems

How words grow

Once upon a time many years ago
They planted a strange garden.
There was no fruit garden -
He was only a word.

This word is the root word,
It began to grow soon
And it brought us fruit -
There are many new words.

Here from the garden
Seedlings for you.
Here are some more landings nearby.
Here's a gardener.
The gardener goes with him.
Very interesting
Walk in the verbal garden.
(E. Izmailov)

III. New material

Task: Providing perception of comprehension and primary memorization of knowledge.

1. Research work

Listen to the poem from the program “Baby Monitor” and say what method of word formation it talks about.

The plane flies forward
The locomotive is not far behind
Even at sea a steamer
It also speeds up.

Everyone is in a hurry to find out
How to write them correctly
- These difficult words
They can't stand the letter A.

And if you put the letter O -
The speed will be - wow!
The cook cooks the porridge,
The steelmaker cooks the steel for us,
The horse is led by a horse breeder,
In the sea - the sailor is sailing.

All names are good
Just write it correctly.
We are inside these words
Let's not put the letter I,
And let's write E - then
Everyone will say: “This is yes!”

Compound words from the poem are written on the board. (Slide5)

According to the rule mentioned in the poem, insert the missing letters.

The vowels you inserted are called connecting vowels. Why do you think?

Carefully examine both columns and try to formulate a rule for choosing a connecting vowel. Compare it with the rule in the textbook (p. 74).

Formulate the topic of the lesson. What challenges will we face? What should we learn in class? Where will this knowledge be useful?

(Slide 6)

And now my rule about writing connecting vowels O and E when adding words:

There are only two of these vowels:
Letter O and letter E.
If the consonant sound is hard,
The letter O fits here.
If this sound is soft,
Write the letter E here.

What words are called compound words?

When is the connective o written, and when is the connective e written in compound words?

Make a reference diagram based on the rule you have learned. (Slide 7)

IV. Consolidation of acquired knowledge

Task: Consolidate the acquired knowledge and begin to develop skills in its application.

Intermediate control: monitoring the assimilation of new knowledge.

1. Linguistic mystery (Slide 8)

Can algae grow on land? Find the answer in the word.

2. Vocabulary work (Slide 9)

MANAGER is a specialist who is involved in organizing production or commercial activities, organizing foreign trade operations; conducts commercial negotiations.

3. Game "Purchasing Manager"(Slide 10)

Level "5"

Imagine that you are a purchasing manager. Make a list of vehicles whose names would contain the connecting vowels o - e.

Level "4"

"Silent dictation." Write the names based on the pictures.

4 . Game "On the Labor Exchange"(Slide 11)

Level "5"

Imagine that you are a manager at a labor exchange. Make a list of professions and occupations needed by our collective farm and region that would have the connecting vowels e - o?

Level “4” (Slide 10)

"Silent dictation." Write the names of the professions and occupations needed by our collective farm, region, in which there would be connecting vowels e - o from the pictures.

Make up sentences. Explain punctuation marks, make a diagram.

5 . Form complex words and complete the sentence(Slide 12)

Any professional activity requires a person to:

A person who loves work.
A person who loves knowledge.
People who help each other.
A person who strives for a goal.

6. Choose an antonym (Slide 13)

Hostile attitude - ... (friendly)
Lazy student - ... (hardworking)
Serious young man - ... (frivolous)

7. Fill in the square with the crossing words with compound words.

1. Specialist in growing gardens.
2. Locomotive with a steam engine.
3. Channel for smoke exit from the chimney.
4. Russian folk dance game.
5. Forest felled by a storm.
6. Unplanned, spontaneous performance of some business or work.
7. Firearms.

8. Game "Third Man" (Slide 14)

1. Water... wire, earth... shaking, thunder... drain.
2. Water... measure, rain... measure, land... division.
3. Life... description, potatoes... molding stick, books... printing .

9. Working with cards. check yourself

10. Study of the text. Independent work. (The work is done on cards) (Slide 15-16)

Level "5"

Exercise: Read the text. Why is it titled like that? Find and write down the misspelled words.

Stove on wheels.

Guys, remember how Emelya, the fool from the fairy tale “At the Pike’s Command,” rode on the stove straight into the royal chambers? So, “a fairy tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it.” People have long dreamed of moving quickly and without the help of a horse: of a magic carpet, seven-league boots, and at worst, a self-moving stove. Whatever the first inventors came up with: they added pedals, levers, even sails to an ordinary cart, but the cart never moved.

The French engineer Cugnot achieved success for the first time. He “harnessed” the steam engine to the cart, and it set off. The inventor gave his brainchild a name - “car”, which means “self-propelled”. Rumbling and puffing, he crawled over potholes: in front of him was a steam copper boiler, behind him was a heavy box of coal, on a bench the driver would drive a little and stop: he needed to get off and add coal to the firebox so that it wouldn’t go out and so that the steam in the boiler wouldn’t run out - after all, he That's what pushes the car. There is no steam and the wheels don't work. The driver had to stoker every now and then. It was not for nothing that he was called a driver, and “chauffeur” translated from French means “stoker.” So it turns out that the first cars were nothing more than a stove on wheels. (N. Sanina)

1)___________________________	2)______________________
3)___________________________	4)______________________
5)___________________________	6)_______________________

A lie, a long time ago, on an airplane, self-propelled, attached, heavy.

Level "4"

Exercise: Read the text. Why is it titled like that? Fill in the missing letters and open the brackets. Underline complex words and highlight their roots. From what words and how are they formed?

Stove on wheels.

Guys, remember how Emelya, the fool from the fairy tale “By the Pike’s Command,” rode...on the stove... straight to the royal chambers...? So, “ska(z,s)ka is a lie(?), yes (in) it is a hint.” People have long dreamed of moving(?) quickly and without help. horses: about... time...flight, seven-league boots, at worst, and about the...moving stove itself.... Whatever the first inventors...thought out: pr... they made pedals, levers, even put sails (on) it to an ordinary t...leg, but the t...leg wouldn’t budge.

For the first time, the French engineer Cunho achieved success. He “harnessed” a steam engine to the cart, and it set off. The inventor gave his brainchild a name - “car”, which means “self...moving”. Rumbling and puffing, he crawled over potholes: (c) in front of a steam copper boiler, (c) behind a heavy box with coal, on a bench in... the driver, drives a little and stops (?) : you need to get down and throw coal into the firebox so that it (doesn’t) go out and so that the steam in the boiler (doesn’t) run out - after all, it’s the one that’s pushing the... tire. There is no steam, and the forests (not) work. Every now and then the driver had to...cook. It’s not for nothing that they called him a cha...fer, and “ch...fer” means “stoker” in French. So it turns out that the first cars were nothing more than a stove on wheels. (N. Sanina.)

V. Reflection

Task: Provide an analysis and assessment of the success of achieving the goal.

What new have you learned?

Have we achieved the goal of the lesson?

Exercise "Profi". Based on your future profession, why do you need to study this topic?

VI. Homework (students' choice)(Slide 17-18)

Rule on page 71. (Student choice exercises.)
Exercise No. 168.
Write riddles in which the answers are complex words.
Imagine that you are the author of a textbook. You need to create an exercise (card) for 6th grade students using the spelling spelling they have learned. Write out sentences from any text where there are complex words with connecting vowels o - e and “mine” the spelling.

Literature

Russian language. 6th grade: lesson plans based on the textbook by M.T. Baranova/S.S. Kolchanova. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2009.
Didactic material for the Russian language textbook: D 44 6th grade: Manual in two notebooks: Notebook 1/M.M. Strakevich. - M.: “Svetoch L”, 1998.
V. Volina. Russian language reprint - Ekaterinburg: Argo Publishing House, 1996.
Russian language. First of September.
G.A. Bogdanov. Russian language lessons in 6th grade: Book. for teachers.-3rd ed. - M.: Education, 1999.

As service morphemes, connecting vowels (interfixes) o/e are distinguished only in the derived stems of complex words. This property sharply distinguishes them from suffixes and prefixes, which can be found in both complex and simple words. Unlike suffixes and prefixes, which can be both word-forming and formative affixes, connecting vowels o/e are specifically word-forming morphemes. Unlike suffixes and prefixes, which always (if they are regular) have a certain lexical and grammatical meaning, connecting vowels o!e have a meaning that acts as a purely word-formative one and is reduced to expressing the idea of connection. In terms of their semantics (completely independent, in contrast to the meaning of suffixes and prefixes from the forming stems), connecting vowels o/e are similar to connecting conjunctions.
In some cases, connecting vowels o/e acquire the character of semantically empty sounds that appear in a word only
for phonetic reasons. So, if in the words reinforced concrete, fisherman, dried fruits the connecting vowel o is a copular morpheme, determined by certain rules of word formation (the addition of complete stems and words is carried out, as a rule, with the help of connecting vowels), then in the word tekhnoruk it, from a word-formation point of view, represents is an illegal phenomenon (since the addition of abbreviated stems is carried out without the aid of connecting vowels o/e; cf.: political instructor, military instructor, physical instructor) and has no meaning. The sound o here is only a means to avoid an unpronounceable combination of consonants (technruk - technoruk).
Connecting vowels o/e most often act as phonetically determined variants: if the first stem of the addition ends in a paired hard consonant, then o acts as a connecting vowel (mortar mixer, water carrier, etc.); if the first stem of the addition ends in a soft consonant, a hard hissing or c, then the connecting vowel e is used (sailor, pedestrian, sheep farmer, etc.). The appearance of e after hard sibilants and c is historically justified: the hissing zh, sh and c were soft in the Old Russian language and hardened only in the 14th-15th centuries, when the noted word-formation rule for the use of o/e was already a strong tradition.
However, in a number of complex words, the first stem of which ends in a soft consonant n, p, t or v, in place of the expected e there is an “illegal” o: hitching post, trapper, animal-like, stonecutter, quarry, ambition, lust for power, carnivore, carnivore, blood circulation, bloodsucker, bloodthirsty, chant, fabulist, etc. Next to this kind of words, there are also words where, after the same first stem, the connecting vowel e naturally appears: horse breeder, stud farm, stone processing, stone-cutting, bone-crushing, blood-bearing, songwriting, etc. etc. All these words are much later formations than the words related to them in the first base with the connecting vowel o.
The undivided dominance of the word-formation model with o/e in the production of complex words is evidenced, first of all, by the large number and variety of types of additions with o/e compared to additions without a connecting vowel. Almost all new formations of a complex nature that have appeared recently (both among nouns and among adjectives; in the sphere of verbs there is no method of addition) are words with connecting vowels o/e.
Connecting vowels o/e must be clearly distinguished from phenomena that outwardly resemble them. Thus, the words rarely used, wild-growing, following, etc., arising using the lexical-syntactic method of word formation (about it, see § 31), do not contain connecting vowels: o/e in them are adverbial suffixes (o - word-forming, e - formative). In the words car factory, bicycle race, auto regulator, weather report, o is the same integral part of the abbreviated stems (automobile, bicycle, automatic, meteorological) as the consonants f, t, r in the words trade union, party active, salary. Phonetically, connecting vowels o/e are characterized by unstress. In complex words, stress is always observed on root morphemes (vacuum cleaner, water supply, frost-resistant, mechanical engineering, etc.).
Connecting vowels o/e as significant parts of a word can, naturally, be isolated only if the analyzed word is recognized as complex. If a word has undergone a process of simplification or re-decomposition, then it does not contain any copular morphemes. Thus, the connecting vowels in the words pandemonium (which arose by ellipsis on the basis of the phraseological phrase Babylonian pandemonium), porcupine (the addition of wild and image), horizon (the addition of circle and zor - from seeing), psychologist, library, etc. etc. There is no connecting vowel in some compound words that have undergone the process of dropping one of the syllables, for example: tabakur, standard bearer (originally tobacco smoker, standard bearer).

At the beginning of foreign words, if pronounced e , written yo , For example: yogi, iodine, yoghurt, yeoman, yorkshire, not one bit(But: ions, Jordanian– with separate pronunciation of initial vowel sounds).

IX. Spelling difficult words

§ 41. Connecting vowels o and e

In complex words, after the stem, a connecting vowel is written on the hard consonant O , after the base to a soft consonant, to a sibilant and ts – connecting vowel e . For example: homebody, skin eater, bird catcher, False Dmitry I.

In some cases the final soft consonant v, n, r, t the first stem is pronounced firmly and after it a connecting vowel is written O (in parallel with these words, those in which, according to the rule, it is written e ). For example: long-range - long-range, quarry - stone crusher, horse thief - horse breeder, bone-carver - bone-crushing, bloodthirsty - blood-bearing, chant - song-making. Wed. various educations after foundation on ts : trapezoid – trapezoidal – trapezoidal – trapezohedron(not all of these formations distinguish two bases in the Russian language).

§ 42. Compound words without a connecting vowel

It is necessary to distinguish between compound words with connecting vowels and compound words without a connecting vowel. Wed: psychotherapy(psycho + therapy) – psychasthenia(psych + asthenia).

In some compound words, the first part is the word in its initial form, for example: time calculation, pastime; cotyledon, seed stalk, ovule(cf.: seed production, seed storage– with a connecting vowel).

Without a connecting vowel, terms like nitrogen-fixing, forward-looking, oxygen-containing and so on.

The letter is saved A at the end of the element air (short for aviation), forming the first part of compound words like airbase, airborne troops, airmail, air unit and so on.

With a case ending in the first part, words arising from phrases are formed crazy, insane and so on.

In the form of the genitive case without a connecting vowel, numerals are included in compound words, for example: three-meter, five-time, seven-year. Exceptions are numerals one, ninety, one hundred And thousand, For example: one-year, ninetieth, hundredfold, thousandth. Numeral fourty as part of compound words it is used in two forms: without a connecting vowel ( forty days) and with a connecting vowel ( magpie, centipede- not in the literal meaning of the account).

It is necessary to distinguish between complex words and words in which two stems are not distinguished in the Russian language. Wed: gas pipeline - gasification, electrician - electrification.

Note 1. Foreign language prefixes are written together on a common basis anti-, arch-, hyper-, inter-, infra-, counter-, post-, sub-, super-, trans-, ultra-, extra- etc., for example: anti-people(But: Anti-Duhring– in the function of a proper name), archiplut, hypersound, international, infrared, counterproposal(But: rear admiral, where the first part has a different meaning), post-impressionism(preserving the initial root And ), post-romanticism(cf. the continuous spelling of the same prefix in words of foreign origin indivisible into morphemes: postscript, after the fact and so on.), dust jacket, subtropics, Trans-Siberian, ultrasound, trendy, extraordinary(But: extra mail, extra class– before a noun).

Note 2. The initial components are written together quasi-, pseudo-, pan- , For example: quasi-scientific, pseudo-classical, pan-German(But: quasi-Pushkin, pan-Europe etc. – before proper names

From two or even three words you can form a new word. This method of forming new words is called addition, and the words themselves are called complex. To understand where the roots are in a complex word, you must first correctly determine its meaning. For example, a steamship is not one that sails in pairs, but a ship that sails in pairs. Or a mousetrap is not a dexterous mouse, but a trap for mice.

There are words that look like complex words, but in fact they only have one root, and it emerges clearly after finding the meaning of the word. For example, yellowish is not yellow wool, but slightly yellow, the root is one (yellow), and ovat is a suffix. Or the greatest is not great tea, but simply very great.

Let's work on determining the meaning of words with two roots

Vacuum cleaner: A machine for removing dust by sucking it in with a stream of air.

Rhinoceros: A large southern mammal with one or two horns on the front of the muzzle.

Dump truck: A truck with a mechanically tipping body.

Scooter: Early 20th century: military name for a bicycle, a mechanical vehicle.

Scooter: Now: For children: a bar for riding with a standing handle on wheels or rollers.

Helicopter: A heavier-than-air aircraft with vertical take-off and landing, with a horizontal rotor “propeller”.

Airplane: A heavier-than-air aircraft with a power plant and a wing that produces lift.

(Interpretation taken from Ozhegov’s Explanatory Dictionary)

Otherwise, a vacuum cleaner is something that sucks dust. Roots dust, suck.
Rhinoceros is an animal with a horn on its nose. Roots nose, horn.
A dump truck is a machine that dumps its own cargo. The roots themselves and the shaft. The C in front of the second root is a prefix.
A scooter is a device that rolls itself. Roots yourself, cat.
A helicopter is a vehicle that flies vertically. Roots vert, years.
An airplane is a device that flies itself. Root yourself, fly.

Examples of words with two roots and connectives o, e

Motorcade, motor rally, concrete mixer, chainsaw, water pipe, waterfall, water strider, all-terrain vehicle, helicopter, diver, trapper, starfall, digger, cook, bark beetle, icebreaker, lumberjack, centipede, mousetrap, meat grinder, oil pipeline, steamship, vacuum cleaner, machine gun, pedestrian, esophagus, bird catcher, fisherman, samovar, airplane, scooter, dump truck, steel worker, snowfall, glass cutter, diesel locomotive, camera, bread maker, electric locomotive.

The connecting vowel -e is written after the stems on the consonant soft, hissing and c (pedestrian, heartbeat, agriculture, etc.). There is an exception: after the stem, a soft consonant can also have a vowel -o. For example, a hitching post, (though a horse), a range finder, (even though there is a distance). The spelling of such words is most often determined by the dictionary.

The connecting vowel -o is written after the stem on a hard consonant.

Examples of compound words with a connecting vowel -e-

kashEvar (porridge + cook)

birdsCatch (bird + catch)

pedestrian (walking + walking)

rain gauge (rain + measure)

vacuum cleaner (dust + suction)

poultry factory (poultry + factory)

oil pipeline (oil + conduct)

vegetable storage (vegetable + store)

journey (path + walk)

mousetrap

navigator

mudTreatment

becameEvar

shipwreck

surveyor

FreshFrozen

everywhereGod

ubiquitous

solstice

Examples of compound words with a connecting vowel -o-

samovar (yourself + cook)

waterfall (water + fall)

iceOkol (ice + crush)

languageOved (language + know)

SnowFall (snow + fall)

helicopter (vertical + fly)

glass cutter (glass + cut)

concreteMixer (concrete + mix)

ZverOlov (beast + catch)

houseSidden (at home + sit)

camera

autoColumn

Light-emitting diode

electric saw

testStirrer

Another list of difficult words with two roots and even three

In this lesson we will look at concepts such as compound words, connecting vowels; Let's answer the question when the connecting vowel O is written, and when - E.

Complex words are those that were created as a result of combining two (less often three) words into one word:

alone, fly - airplane

steam, walk - steamboat

porridge, cook - cook

poultry, factory - poultry farm

Compound words are formed using the connecting vowels O and E. These vowels are added to the end of the first stem that is part of the compound word.

Please note a number of words below:

Based on these examples, we will formulate a rule for writing the connecting vowels O and E in complex words.

The connecting vowel E is written after:

1) hissing: w, w, shch, h;

2) letters C;

3) soft consonants.

And the connecting vowel O is written after the stems on a hard consonant (except zh, sh and ts): fabulist, trapper.

How to determine which connecting vowel should be written in a word?

To do this, you must first select the first root. If the final consonant of the root is sibilant, the letter C or a soft consonant, then the letter E should be written to connect the roots.

In other cases, the connecting O is written.

For example:

In other cases, the connecting letter O is written in complex words, for example:

It is important to learn how to correctly identify roots in complex words, remember the rule for writing connecting vowels O and E and apply it.

List of used literature:

Baranova M.T., Ladyzhenskaya T.A., Shansky N.M., Vlasenkova A.I. Work programs and calendar-thematic planning in the Russian language for the textbook “Russian Language” for grade 6, edited by Baranov M.T., Ladyzhenskaya T.A., Trostentsova L.A., Grigoryan L.T.
Sokolova G.P. Russian language lessons in 6th grade: A book for teachers: From work experience. - M.: “Enlightenment”, 1986. - 80 pages.
Calendar and thematic planning “Russian language grade 6” according to the textbook: “Russian language grade 6”. Textbook for general education institutions. Authors and compilers: Ladyzhenskaya T.A., Trostentsova L. and others - M.: Education, 2012. Federal State Educational Standard.
Gromov S.A. Russian language. Practical literacy course. Textbook for general education institutions. – M.: Moscow Lyceum, 2006. -55 pages.
Blinov G.I., Antokhina V.A. Collection of dictations on spelling and punctuation. Teacher's manual. – M.: “Enlightenment”, 1986.
Yarovikova O.V. Remembering through an image. Methodological manual for teachers and students. - Yoshkar-Ola: “String”, 2008. – 84 pages.