Which radiator connection is the most efficient? Methods for connecting radiators. Properties and parameters. Advantages and disadvantages of each scheme

Are you planning to change the heating appliances in your own home? For this, knowledge about the types of battery wiring, methods of connecting and placing them will be useful. Agree, because the correctness of the selected connection diagram for heating radiators in a particular house or room directly determines its effectiveness.

Correctly connecting the batteries is a very important task, because it can provide all rooms with a comfortable temperature at any time of the year. It’s good when fuel consumption is minimal and your home is warm on the coldest days.

We'll help you understand what you need to get your radiators running as efficiently as possible. In the article you will find a lot of useful information about ways to connect batteries and their implementation without the involvement of specialists. Diagrams and videos are provided that will help you clearly understand the essence of the issue.

An efficient heating system can save money on fuel costs. Therefore, when designing it, you should make informed decisions. After all, sometimes the advice of a neighbor in the country or a friend who recommends a system like his is not at all suitable.

It happens that there is no time to deal with these issues yourself. In this case, it is better to turn to professionals who have been working in this field for at least 5 years and have grateful reviews.

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The first option involves using physical laws without purchasing and installing additional devices. Suitable when the coolant is water. Any non-freezing agent will circulate worse in the system.

The system consists of a boiler that heats the water, an expansion tank, supply and return pipelines, and batteries. The water, heating up, expands and begins its movement along the riser, visiting the installed radiators in turn. The cooled water from the system flows by gravity back to the boiler.

With this circulation option, the horizontal pipeline is installed with a slight inclination towards the movement of the coolant. This system is self-regulating, because depending on the temperature of the water, its quantity also changes. The circulation pressure increases, allowing the water to heat the room evenly.

With natural circulation, two-pipe and one-pipe schemes with upper wiring, two-pipe with lower wiring are used. Such methods of connecting radiators to the heating system are beneficial for small rooms.

It is important to equip the batteries with air vents to remove excess air or install automatic air vents on the risers. It is best to place the boiler in the basement so that it is lower than the heated room.

For houses with an area of ​​100 m2 or more, the coolant circulation system will have to be changed. In this case, you will need a special device that stimulates the movement of water or antifreeze through the pipes. We are talking about . Its power depends on the area of ​​the heated room. The use of a pump for forced circulation allows the use of antifreeze as a coolant. In this case, you need to install a closed expansion tank so that the fumes do not harm the health of the residents of the house

The circulation pump is used in two- and one-pipe circuits with horizontal and vertical connection systems for heating devices.

What to do when the heating system spoils the appearance of the room? If cast iron batteries can also be hidden behind a screen or more modern ones can be installed instead - bimetallic or steel, then what about the pipes? Some people cover them with curtains and drapes, while others make bottom connections to heating radiators, as a result of which the radiator piping is practically invisible.

Features of the bottom connection

Three connection methods:

1. Connecting ordinary radiators through the lower holes.
2. Using a set of components from below, steel or bimetallic radiators.
3. Purchase batteries that are designed for this connection.

Now let's look at the methods, pros and cons of various methods of lower connection.

Connection with side outlets

The connection itself is not very difficult. The pipes are located below - above the floor or hidden in the floor. A radiator is mounted on the wall, and a pipeline is connected to the lower holes. So that the battery can be removed without stopping the heating process, shut-off valves must be installed on both sides. An air vent is installed in the top hole (no matter which side).

Connection using an adapter

Sometimes it is not possible to connect an ordinary radiator by connecting a pipeline to it from both sides. In this case, you can use an adapter. It is screwed into the lower hole, and a stainless steel tube is connected to the upper hole. The heating pipes are connected to the adapter itself from below.

You will receive more information about this type of connection by watching the video attached at the end of the article.

Bottom connection with flow extension

The bottom connection can be made using a flow extender. The device screws into the bottom hole and does not have any outlets to the top. The circulation of the coolant occurs due to the fact that water, passing through the tube in the middle of the radiator, comes out of it at the end of the heating device, rises, squeezing cold water through the outlet located in the device.

This type of connection is not suitable for gravity systems.

Connecting batteries with bottom connections

Now let us dwell on the more effective and most aesthetically acceptable method of lower connection - from below, simultaneously describing its advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages

• It is possible to install a flow direction adapter.
• Both pipes go directly from the battery into the floor or wall (or into pipes located above the floor).
• When buying radiators with bottom connections, you do not need to worry about purchasing a suitable thermostat, since it is already installed there.

Flaws

• An air vent must be installed on each battery.
• Warming is less uniform and not as effective.
• Cannot be used for gravity heating systems.
• You need to constantly use the circulation pump.

Radiator location standards

Regardless of the chosen method of connecting the radiator, it must be located at some distance from:

• walls – 5 cm;
• floor – 10 cm (deviation in any direction is allowed no more than 2 cm);
• window sill - 10 cm (a minimum distance of 5 cm is allowed).

When purchasing a mount, it is important to take into account the thickness of the installed thermal insulation with a reflective layer (if any). In this case, you will need slightly longer locking hooks.

Installation of a heating system with bottom supply

Depending on the chosen scheme, the pipeline is installed. It can be laid:

1. On the floor.
2. In the wall.
3. Between the floor and the battery.

The efficiency of the heating system is not affected by the location of the pipes - they are hidden for aesthetic reasons.

It is important to first install the batteries, calculating their number for each room, and then connect the pipes to them.

Video

See how sectional radiators can be connected from below:

This video explains the advantages of a radiator with a bottom connection:

Comfortable living conditions in a country cottage cannot be created without a high-quality heating system. It must be efficient and economical enough to keep living rooms warm during the heating season, and energy costs are not too high. To achieve this, you need to choose the right type of heating system, and then select the most suitable option for connecting heating radiators in a private home.

Types of heating systems

The heating system in a private house can be:

air;

electrical;

Air system

This option operates without coolant. The air in the house is heated directly from heating devices - stoves or convectors. With this system, heating radiators are not used. Air heating is convenient for heating compact country houses. For large cottages it is used extremely rarely.

Electrical system

In such a system, heat is transferred through current conductors. Electric underfloor heating works on this principle. Heating using an electric system can be quite convenient. But its arrangement requires increased attention to safety rules, and during operation it is expensive for home owners.

Water system

A type of heating system in which heat is transferred through water (sometimes steam) as a coolant. The coolant flows from the heating device through pipes to the heating radiators. This option is considered the most convenient and practical. Most often, in country houses, heating is installed in this way.

Types of heating boilers

The central element of the heating system is the boiler - a heating device in which the coolant reaches the desired temperature. The heating connection diagram in a private house largely depends on what kind of boiler is used in it.

According to their purpose, boilers are divided into double-circuit and single-circuit. The first option is equipment designed for both heating and water heating. A single-circuit boiler heats only the heating medium. According to the installation method, they are divided into floor and wall.

Boilers also differ in the type of fuel with which the coolant is heated. There are boilers of the following types:

• electrical;

  solid fuel;

  liquid fuel;

  combined.

To operate solid fuel boilers, coal, firewood, and less often peat and other types of solid combustible materials are used. Diesel or waste oils are used as liquid fuel for boilers of the corresponding type.

Most country cottages are heated by gas boilers. In non-gasified areas, heating with electricity is often used. Solid fuel and liquid fuel boilers are completely independent of communication networks. The first option is more attractive because it requires traditional firewood and coal, rather than dangerous flammable liquids.

The most prudent homeowners install combination boilers in their homes, designed to operate on different types of fuel. For example, you can install an electric boiler, supplemented with a combustion chamber for solid fuel, so that in case of damage to the electrical network, switch to wood heating.

Double-circuit boilers that provide homes with heat and warm water are predominantly gas devices. They are universal, as they eliminate the need for homeowners to purchase and install a separate water heating boiler.

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer house insulation services

Heating radiator design

The heating radiator consists of several heat exchange sections. The more sections, the correspondingly higher the battery power. There are models of radiators that can be “expanded” with new sections, if necessary, already during operation.

One collector passes through all sections at the top and one at the bottom. Each section has a vertical channel connecting the upper and lower manifold. This applies to all sections, including the outer ones. Therefore, the radiator has 4 outputs, but only two of them are used. One is connected to the coolant supply pipe, and the second is used to drain cooled water back into the boiler. Unused outputs are closed with plugs. This is how most radiators are designed.

Types of pipe system

In the heating system diagram, the relative position of the coolant supply inlet and the return outlet is of fundamental importance. This depends on the direction of the coolant and the type of pipe system.

Single pipe system

This is a simplified option for arranging heating in a cottage. This option is quite economical, since it requires fewer pipes for wiring and is carried out with less labor for installation work. The system is a chain of radiators connected by one pipe. The coolant heated in the boiler enters each radiator in turn, flowing from one to another. That is, the “return” from one battery becomes the feed for the next, etc.

The single-pipe scheme for connecting heating radiators in a private house has one significant drawback - with it, the radiators heat up unevenly. The first radiator will always be the hottest, and further from battery to battery the temperature will gradually decrease. Therefore, it is impossible to maintain the same temperature in all rooms with single-pipe heating.

For certain layout features, a single-pipe system may be quite suitable. So, if in a small house the chain of radiators starts from living rooms and ends with technical rooms, this option may be optimal. But in spacious cottages it is better to install two-pipe heating.

Two-pipe system

A more expensive option to install, but simple and easy to use. In this system, two pipe lines operate simultaneously. The first supplies hot water to each battery. That is, there is one pipe going into each radiator. The coolant, before entering the radiator, regardless of its location in the circuit, does not enter neighboring radiators, but goes directly. The second pipe collects the return from all radiators and delivers it to the heating manifold.

The advantages of the bottom type of wiring are that almost the same temperature is achieved at all heat exchange points. Such a system is better adjustable and ensures uniform heating of the entire building.

Beam (collector) system

The collector circuit is a variant of a two-pipe connection, but with more complex wiring. It is used in cases where it is necessary to hide pipes, for example under a floor covering. In this case, two collectors are installed - for the supply and for the return, and from each radiator one pipe extends into the first collector, and another one into the second.

Some connection schemes use two types of system. The entire house can be heated using the two-pipe principle, but for a separate area, such as a veranda or large living room, a combination of several radiators using the single-pipe principle is used. When developing a two-pipe scheme for connecting heating radiators in a private house, the main thing is not to get confused in the supply and return manifolds.

Connection diagram of radiators to the heating system

The coolant moves through the pipes and channels of the batteries due to two factors. The first is the desire of the liquid to fill the voids. In the absence of air pockets, a natural dynamic coolant pressure is created. The second factor is the movement of flows of different temperatures. Hot water tends upward, displacing cold water into the lower flow.

Diagonal top connection

Diagonal connection of radiators with top supply allows for the most efficient heating of rooms. Hot water is supplied to the upper entrance, inside it is distributed into sections, and, cooling, falls down, after which it is forced out into the lower entrance into the return manifold, located on the other side of the radiator.

Two-way bottom connection

The supply is carried out into the lower inlet on one side, and the return comes out of the lower inlet on the other side of the battery. The efficiency in this case is lower than in the previous version. But this connection allows you to hide the pipes as much as possible.

One way bottom top connection

Mainly used in multi-storey buildings. In cottages with 2 or 3 floors with single-pipe heating, it is also sometimes used. The difference between the lower and upper connections is that in the first case, hot water is supplied to the lower inlet and discharged under pressure through the upper inlet, and in the second case, the opposite happens. In both cases, the plant and coolant outlet are located on one side. It is worth noting that of all the existing options, the one-way bottom connection is the most ineffective.

Video description

Which radiator connection system to choose?

Other options

Theoretically, you can also use a diagonal connection with a bottom feed or a double-sided connection with a top feed. These two options will also work if done correctly. However, the functioning of the system will be greatly hampered due to the intersection of flows. Therefore, it is better not to experiment and take a diagonal top connection or a double-sided bottom connection as a basis.

Radiator location

For high-quality heating of a cottage, you need not only to choose the right heating scheme, but also to correctly position the radiators in the rooms. Installation of heating batteries in a private house is carried out on the basis of calculations made by specialists. The number of radiators and sections for each radiator is determined taking into account various factors:

volume of premises;

level of heat loss of the building;

radiator insert diagram;

at what height the batteries will be installed, and much more.

Video description

Radiators are usually located under windows. This creates a barrier to the cold air flow coming from the window. In addition, the air coming from the window opening is “dried” by the heat from the radiator, as a result, condensation does not collect on surfaces in the room. The battery should be slightly narrower than the window, and it should be placed centrally relative to the window opening.

The radiator should not be adjacent to the window sill with its upper part, as this complicates the process of heat distribution. There should be about 100 mm from the floor to the bottom level of the battery. A higher location will lead to the fact that the air directly above the floor will not warm up well. If you install radiators too low, it will be difficult to remove accumulated dust underneath them.

When planning the installation of batteries, it is necessary to take into account the features of the wall. Modern batteries are not very heavy, but in some cases the characteristics of the wall require reinforcement of the surface on which the bracket for the heating elements will be mounted.

Video description

Installation of heating radiators

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer water supply installation services, sewerage and heating. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.

Conclusion

The process of calculation, design and installation of a heating system can only be trusted by qualified specialists. But every homeowner should know the simplest rules for connecting radiators. An effective principle of connecting and placing heating equipment is a guarantee that a favorable and comfortable microclimate will always reign in the house.

To keep your home warm, it is important to properly develop a heating scheme. One of the components of its effectiveness is the connection of heating radiators. It doesn’t matter whether you are going to install cast iron, aluminum, bimetallic or steel radiators, it is important to choose the right way to connect them.

Types of heating systems

The amount of heat that the heating radiator will emit depends not least on the type of heating system and the selected type of connection. To choose the best option, you must first understand what kind of heating systems there are and how they differ.

Monotube

A single-pipe heating system is the most economical option in terms of installation costs. Therefore, this type of wiring is preferred in multi-storey buildings, although in private buildings such a system is far from uncommon. With this scheme, the radiators are connected to the main line in series and the coolant first passes through one heating outlet, then enters the input of the second, and so on. The output of the last radiator is connected to the input of the heating boiler or to the riser in high-rise buildings.

The disadvantage of this wiring method is the impossibility of adjusting the heat transfer of radiators. By installing a regulator on any of the radiators, you will regulate the rest of the system. The second significant drawback is the different coolant temperatures on different radiators. Those that are closer to the boiler heat up very well, those that are further away become increasingly colder. This is a consequence of the serial connection of heating radiators.

Two-pipe wiring

A two-pipe heating system is distinguished by the fact that it has two pipelines - supply and return. Each radiator is connected to both, that is, it turns out that all radiators are connected to the system in parallel. This is good because the coolant of the same temperature enters the input of each of them. The second positive point is that you can install a thermostat on each of the radiators and use it to change the amount of heat it emits.

The disadvantage of such a system is that the number of pipes when laying out the system is almost twice as large. But the system can be easily balanced.

Where to put radiators

Traditionally, heating radiators are placed under windows, and this is no accident. The rising flow of warm air cuts off the cold air that comes from the windows. In addition, warm air heats the glass, preventing condensation from forming on it. Only for this it is necessary that the radiator occupies at least 70% of the width of the window opening. This is the only way the window will not fog up. Therefore, when choosing the power of radiators, select it so that the width of the entire heating battery is not less than the specified value.

In addition, it is necessary to correctly select the height of the radiator and the location for its placement under the window. It must be placed so that the distance to the floor is around 8-12 cm. If you lower it lower, it will be inconvenient to clean, if you raise it higher, your feet will be cold. The distance to the window sill is also regulated - it should be 10-12 cm. In this case, warm air will freely go around the obstacle - the window sill - and rise along the window glass.

And the last distance that must be maintained when connecting heating radiators is the distance to the wall. It should be 3-5 cm. In this case, rising currents of warm air will rise along the back wall of the radiator, and the rate of heating the room will improve.

Radiator connection diagrams

How well the radiators will heat depends on how the coolant is supplied to them. There are more and less effective options.

Radiators with bottom connection

All heating radiators have two types of connection - side and bottom. There can be no discrepancies with the bottom connection. There are only two pipes - inlet and outlet. Accordingly, coolant is supplied to the radiator on one side and removed from the other.

Specifically, where to connect the supply and where the return is connected is written in the installation instructions, which must be available.

Heating radiators with side connection

With a lateral connection, there are many more options: here the supply and return pipelines can be connected into two pipes, respectively, there are four options.

Option #1. Diagonal connection

This connection of heating radiators is considered the most effective, it is taken as a standard and this is how manufacturers test their heating devices and the data in the thermal power passport for such a connection. All other connection types transfer heat less efficiently.

This is because when the batteries are connected diagonally, the hot coolant is supplied to the upper inlet on one side, passes through the entire radiator and exits from the opposite, lower side.

Option #2. Unilateral

As the name implies, pipelines are connected on one side - supply from above, return from below. This option is convenient when the riser runs on the side of the heating device, which often happens in apartments, because this type of connection usually predominates. When the coolant is supplied from below, this scheme is used infrequently - it is not very convenient to position the pipes.

With this connection of radiators, the heating efficiency is only slightly lower - by 2%. But this is only if there are few sections in the radiators - no more than 10. With a longer battery, its farthest edge will not heat up well or will remain cold at all. In panel radiators, to solve the problem, flow extenders are installed - tubes that bring the coolant a little further than the middle. The same devices can be installed in aluminum or bimetallic radiators, thereby improving heat transfer.

Option #3. Bottom or saddle connection

Of all the options, saddle connections for heating radiators are the least effective. Losses are approximately 12-14%. But this option is the most inconspicuous - pipes are usually laid on the floor or under it, and this method is the most optimal from an aesthetic point of view. And so that losses do not affect the temperature in the room, you can take a radiator a little more powerful than required.

In systems with natural circulation, this type of connection should not be made, but if there is a pump, it works well. In some cases, it’s not even worse than the side one. It’s just that at a certain speed of movement of the coolant, vortex flows arise, the entire surface heats up, and heat transfer increases. These phenomena have not yet been fully studied, therefore it is not yet possible to predict the behavior of the coolant.

Heating batteries can be connected according to one of three schemes. When choosing, you must take into account that each has its own pros and cons. The basis for selection is the pipe routing diagram. Diagonal is not used in city apartments, since they usually have a side connection. However, when choosing an effective system, some home craftsmen and specialists prefer the diagonal option.

Features of the diagonal connection scheme

If you also wondered why a diagonal connection is the most effective, then you should consider this option in more detail. If we take into account the process where hot air or water is involved, then the action will occur according to one physical law, which involves the rise of warm masses upward, while the cold ones sink downwards.

To ensure uniform heat distribution throughout the volume of the radiator, the coolant should be distributed throughout the battery. As mentioned above, lateral connection in city apartments acts as the main circuit. After all, forced circulation under high pressure is used there. The diameter of the incoming and outgoing pipes is only 20 mm. Through them, water enters the battery under high pressure, which allows the device to be filled evenly and quickly.

If we are talking about private housing construction, where the circulation is natural, the filling of radiators occurs under the influence of the above-mentioned physical law. That is why hot streams penetrate through the upper pipe, pushing cold water through the lower outlet on the opposite side. The two pipes are located diagonally when viewing the device. This is where the name of the connection comes from. The coolant fills the battery gradually, releasing heat to the entire volume. It is necessary to take into account not only the law of heat transfer, but also the physical law. That is why this scheme is the most effective.

Features of the implementation of the diagonal scheme

You can implement the diagonal connection of the heating radiator yourself. Work should begin with preparing the battery. To do this you need to make sure you have:

• heating devices themselves;
• shut-off valves;
• pipes;
• fittings;
• other additional devices such as heat meters, Mayevsky tap and thermal head.

At the first stage of the work, a radiator is installed. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the rules. This is due to the fact that the efficiency of heat transfer will depend on them. When a diagonal connection of a heating radiator is used, part of the window opening must coincide with the axis of the radiator. It is necessary to maintain a distance of 15 cm from the window sill to the upper collector. As for the step from the floor to the bottom of the collector, it should be the same. There must be a distance of 5 cm from the wall to the battery. Errors may occur. If we are talking about the distance to the window sill or floor, then the error can reach 4 cm, while the step between the battery and the wall can be increased or decreased by 1 cm.

If you decide to use a diagonal connection to the heating radiator, you must take into account some assumptions that will affect the intensity of heat transfer. For example, if there is no window sill in the room, then this figure can be increased by a maximum of 20%. Bringing the battery closer to the floor will reduce heat transfer by 7%. To increase the efficiency of heat transfer, professionals recommend supplementing the radiator with a reflective screen that is mounted on the wall. For this you can use a sheet of fiberboard or cardboard, each of which is covered with foil. In this case, heat transfer can be increased by 25%.

If you want to achieve proper operation of the radiator, you should approach the installation and installation with the utmost care. It is important to correctly align the device horizontally. You can get rid of distortions using a level. At this stage it will be important to apply markings. Once the markings can be applied, the brackets can be installed.

The fastener is a self-tapping screw installed on plastic dowels. On sale today you can find brackets that have the shape of pins. They are screwed into a dowel of impressive diameter. Now you are ready to install the radiator and connect it to the piping system.

Radiator kit for diagonal design

The diagonal connection diagram for heating radiators necessarily requires a battery pack. To do this, it is supplemented with which you can bleed air. You need to take care of the presence of metal couplings, which are also known as American couplings. They are installed in the pipe; for this you need to use threaded metal couplings. The valves are attached to the latter; there should be one such element for each pipe. This will allow you to disconnect the battery from the heating network if you are faced with the need for repairs. The system itself will operate normally.

Additional information about the diagonal connection diagram

The diagonal connection diagram for heating radiators in city apartments is used quite rarely. However, according to experts, this technique can be used if the number of sections in one battery exceeds 12 pieces. With a lower side connection, as well as with water circulation under pressure, the pressure will not be able to handle such a number of sections. The outer ones will remain a little warm and will be of no use.

This scheme is used in a two-pipe distribution system. The falling circuit must be connected to the upper branch pipe, while the return circuit must be connected to the lower branch pipe. If the circulation is forced, then the connection can be made in reverse, but in this case you will encounter a decrease in efficiency.

For reference

When a diagonal connection of heating radiators is used in a private house, the heat loss through the radiators is 2%. Therefore, when carrying out thermal calculations in this case, a coefficient is taken that is 1.1.

Main types of connection

There is also a one-way connection, in which the hot water supply pipe and the return pipe will be connected to one side of the radiator. The application of this principle is rational for one-story buildings. The circuit is suitable if you want to connect a long radiator with up to 15 sections. But if this parameter is increased, the heating efficiency will decrease, because the last sections will be colder.

When considering the main options for connecting heating radiators, you should also pay attention to the bottom connection, which is suitable for those systems whose pipes pass under the floor surface. In this case, there will be a small section of pipe above the surface, connected to the lower pipe. The inlet pipe is installed on one side of the battery, while the outlet pipe is installed on the other. The disadvantage of this method is significant heat loss, which reaches 15%. In the upper part, the battery may not warm up completely.

Important to remember

Single-pipe diagonal connection of heating radiators is used quite rarely, because such a scheme has a significant drawback, expressed in the inability to regulate the heat supply. Thus, the user will not have the opportunity to adjust the degree of heating of the radiators; in some cases, this feature is a significant disadvantage. However, heat transfer is calculated when creating a heating project, and in the future it must correspond to the specified parameters.

Main advantages of diagonal connection

The good thing about the diagonal method is that it can help ensure the highest heat transfer coefficient. This is true when compared with the other schemes described above. In other words, in the case of a diagonal connection, you can provide the room with the maximum amount of heat. The diagonal connection of heating radiators in the apartment should ensure the movement of the coolant inside the battery to form a gradient circuit.

The efficiency of this scheme may decrease, which will happen if there are a large number of sections. But even in this case, their maximum number can be 24, whereas with a side design this parameter is only 12. This feature can be considered an important advantage, because you can use longer radiators. With a lateral connection, an increase in the number of sections will be accompanied by less efficient operation of the elements located on the sides.

Main disadvantages

The diagonal connection of heating radiators, the pros and cons of which are described in the article, can be used by you too. An important disadvantage of this scheme is that the design is not very attractive. After all, one cannot argue that the additional pipe does not look very aesthetically pleasing. It connects the return pipe and the upper radiator hose, the first of which runs from below. Another downside is that not all city apartments have the opportunity to provide this type of connection. After all, during the construction of Soviet high-rise buildings, they sought to minimize the consumption of materials, and often did not install a separate bypass.

Conclusion

Diagonal connection of a heating radiator with a single-pipe system, although undesirable, is still possible. But at the same time, you must take into account that to increase the level of heat transfer, it is important to take into account the increasing coefficient, which sometimes reaches 1.2. Thus, the rated heat transfer must be increased by 20%.