Decorative garden bridge. Cold bridges in reinforced concrete structures Decorative descent to a pond near the site

The Red Bridge is a historical and architectural monument of federal significance. It is the only one of the four “colored” bridges across the Moika, built according to standard project architect William (Vasily Ivanovich) Geste (1753-1832), preserved in its original form today. By the way, the Red Bridge is unique not only for the preservation of its architecture, but also for its “colored” name. The remaining colored bridges of the Moika have lost their original appearance, and one of them has been renamed: the Yellow Bridge is now Pevchesky. The Blue and Green Bridges, along with the Red Bridge, retained their name, but, unfortunately, their original architecture was lost. Today, the lower “water” part and railings of the bridges are painted.

The very fact of the appearance of “colored” bridges is curious. The fact is that four such bridges of the same type were built across the Moika in St. Petersburg. They were located close to each other and residents often confused them. It was decided to eliminate this inconvenience with the help of color.

The Red Bridge connects the 2nd Admiralteysky and Kazan Islands and is the border between the Admiralteysky and Central districts of St. Petersburg. Red – pedestrian and automobile bridge; the type of construction is single-span, made of double-hinged welded arches (with a steel arched main span). Its total length today is 42 meters, the width between the railings is 16.8 meters.

Initially, the bridge on the Moika appeared in 1717 and, oddly enough, it was called White. It was a wooden drawbridge, painted White color. This is where its name comes from.

The bridge was rebuilt in 1737 according to the design of the Dutch engineer Herman van Boles. In order to allow mast ships to pass under the bridge, a 70 cm wide gap was built in one of the spans, which, if necessary, was closed with removable shields. In 1778, the bridge was repainted and, in accordance with the new colors, renamed Red. During the next reconstruction at the end of the 18th century, the bridge became three-span.

During the reconstruction of 1808-1814, according to the design of engineer William Geste, the bridge became cast iron, single-span, and had an arched structure with a hingeless vault. New cast iron bridge structures were made at Demidov's factories in the Urals. The stone bridge supports are lined with granite. For the railings, a cast-iron grate is used, the pattern of which repeats the pattern of the metal fence of the embankment. The lighting of the bridge was also changed: obelisks made of granite were installed with tetrahedral lanterns suspended on them. metal brackets. Today, the obelisks with lanterns have been restored and have their original appearance, and the bridge railings separating the roadway from the sidewalk have not been reconstructed and have been preserved from previous times.

Between 1953 and 1954 The cast iron structures of the Red Bridge were replaced with arched steel ones (designed by engineer V. Blazhevich): the span structure of the bridge was made of seven metal double-hinged arches connected to each other by transverse beams and longitudinal braces. Wherein appearance The bridge is completely preserved. At the same time, under the leadership of the architect, member of the Union of Architects of the USSR, Alexander Lukich Rotach (1893-1990), the granite obelisks of the Red Bridge were recreated in their original form; between sidewalks and roadway Ancient cast-iron railings of the same type as the railings of the Moika River embankment adjacent to the bridge were restored. The bridge facades are traditionally red.

Another restoration of the bridge, during which renovation work lanterns, recreating cast iron and granite fencing, was carried out in 1998.

Gorokhovaya Street crosses the three largest (not counting the Neva) water arteries of St. Petersburg - the Moika River, the Griboyedov Canal and the Fontanka River. The bridges across them, located on the street, are interesting both for their history and as architectural monuments.

If you walk along Gorokhovaya from the Alexander Garden, the first thing you come across is the Red Bridge over the Moika - one of four “colored” bridges spanning this river. In addition to Red, there are also Green, Blue and Yellow (Pevchesky) bridges.

History of the bridge

The first crossings across the Moika were built wooden, as, indeed, across other rivers and canals of the city. In the first quarter of the 18th century, the Red Bridge was a drawbridge, rebuilt in 1837 according to the design of the Dutch architect Harman van Bolos, it had quite original design. Its peculiarity was that the bridge did not open or rise, and the wide opening in the middle, left for the passage of mast ships, was blocked with wooden shields.

Until the end of the 18th century, the bridge was painted white and it was called White. But then the crossing changed color and, accordingly, its name.

IN early XIX century, the bridges on the Moika were rebuilt according to the standard design of William Geste, and the Red Bridge is the only one that has preserved its appearance from that time. After reconstruction, the bridge became single-span and cast iron. Most of the parts of its design were made at the Ural factories of Nikolai Nikitovich Demidov. The Red Bridge is 42 meters long and 16.8 meters wide.

Granite obelisks, decorated with gilded balls and brackets for lanterns, and a cast-iron lattice, the pattern of which repeats the embankment fencing, have survived to this day.

By the middle of the 20th century, the structure of the bridge was fairly worn out, cracks appeared on the walls of the cast-iron tubes, and in 1954 work was carried out on its restoration. All cast iron parts were replaced with steel ones, but the appearance was left unchanged, and even some lost decorative elements and granite obelisks with lanterns and bronze balls were restored.

First wooden bridge this place was recorded on the plan of St. Petersburg in 1717.
In 1737 it was rebuilt. It was a wooden bridge with a medium draw span, which had a narrow gap (about 70 cm) in the span for the passage of mast ships. It was closed with removable shields. The authorship of the design belonged to Herman van Boles. The design is not widely used.

IN late XVIII century, the bridge was rebuilt as a three-span permanent bridge.

At the beginning of the 19th century, public balls were regularly held in one of the houses near the Red Bridge, which were very popular among the St. Petersburg public.

In 1814, according to the design of engineer V.I. Geste, the bridge was replaced by a single-span, cast-iron, arched one. Its span structure consisted of cast iron boxes similar to the Narodny, Pevchesky and similar bridges.

In the period from 1924 to 1950. Progressive deformation of the bridge supports and its span was observed, as a result of which the seams in the joints of the boxes opened, the bolts connecting them broke, and about forty deep cracks appeared in the vertical ribs of the boxes and their bottoms. A special commission that examined the bridge found its condition to be unsafe. Engineer V.V. Blazhevich developed a project according to which in 1953-1954. the bridge was reconstructed. New welded arches replaced the old cast iron vault. The appearance has been preserved.

Granite obelisks with bronze gilded balls and tetrahedral lanterns on metal brackets were restored. The ancient railings separating the sidewalks from the roadway have been preserved. The facades, maintaining tradition, were painted red.

The railings are made from a cast iron grating, similar to the grating on the Moika River embankment.
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House of Kh. Ya. Tal

Beginning of the 19th century - house of Kh. Ya. Tal (not preserved)

Nab. Moika River, 56, / Gorokhovaya St., 17

1810 - English Assembly
1822 - Third department of H.I.V.’s own chancellery
1830s - site redevelopment, new buildings
1840s - Corps of Gendarmes and the Main Imperial Office

At the beginning of the 19th century. The plot was purchased by merchant Christopher Tal. In the depths of the site stood one-story building with 14 windows, the two projections of which were connected by an iron fence with wreaths.

In 1810, the English Assembly, a fashionable aristocratic club in St. Petersburg, moved here from the neighboring house No. 19. The club's list at that time included the fabulist I. A. Krylov, the architect V. P. Stasov, and the poet V. A. Zhukovsky.
In 1822, the English Club moved to Demidov Lane. (today Grivtsova Lane), after which the Third Department of His Imperial Majesty’s Own Chancellery, which was created in 1826 by Nicholas I, was located in Tal’s house. Count A.H. Benckendorf was appointed head of the Third Department. After the approval of the new censorship charter in 1826, censorship actually came under the jurisdiction of the Third Department.
In the 1830s. Tal's heirs divided their father's huge estate and, having redeveloped the site, erected new buildings.
By the 1840s The third department moved to Fontanka. The Corps of Gendarmes and the Main Imperial Office remained in Tal's house.

The newspaper “St. Petersburg Gazette” dated February 22, 1803 wrote:
“Pierre Huguet and Gatovsky have the honor to inform the respectable public that every Thursday and Saturday, as long as public entertainment is allowed, they will give public balls in the house of Mr. Court Councilor Kusovnikov, in which there was previously a musical meeting, held at the Red Bridge . Each gentleman pays 1 ruble for entering them. 50 k. and has the right to bring with him as many ladies as he judges for his own good” (*).

(*) Balls were stopped for the entire period of Lent, and free entry for women was due to the fact that in St. Petersburg of that period the male population predominated. Kusovnikov's house, where the balls were held, was located on the site of the current house 56 on the Moika embankment.

Red Bridge over the Moika.Unknown artist. 1814-1817.

Shown is the view from the windows of the house of the merchant H. Tal (corner of Gorokhovaya Street, 17 and Moika River Embankment, 56) of the newly built Red Bridge. The corner house on the right (56 Moika River embankment) belonged to State Councilor Severin. Behind it is the prospect of the Moika embankment towards Nevsky Prospekt. On the left of the picture you can see the corner of the house of the merchant Menshikov (73 Moika River embankment). On the other side of Gorokhovaya Street there are three houses of Severin (No. 71, 69 and 67), the house of Count Zavadovsky.

The next restoration of the Red Bridge took place in 1989. The Red Bridge is the only bridge built according to the standard design of V.I. Geste, which has to date retained its original appearance. The Red Bridge is a historical and architectural monument of federal significance. The border between the Central and Admiralteysky districts of St. Petersburg runs along it.

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Gorokhovaya Street

Gorokhovaya Street

Gorokhovaya Street appeared in St. Petersburg in the 1720s. According to the decision of the Commission on the St. Petersburg building, another long road was laid between the Bolshaya and Voznesenskaya prospects. Then they began to call it the Middle Perspective, and in the 1750s - the Admiralty Perspective.

In 1756, merchant Gorokhov opened a trading shop in his house on this street. This man came to Russia from Germany in his youth to serve under Peter I. His first name is Harrach. However, soon he Russian colleagues They changed his last name into a more “Russian” manner, into Peas.
And when Harrach, who had become rich, decided to open his own shop, he acquired the official surname - Gorokhov. The merchant's business began to flourish, and the street was often unofficially named after the owner of a then famous trading establishment. People called the Admiralty prospect Gorokhovaya. Since 1799, maps of the city began to be published, where both names were mentioned, official and unofficial.

In 1801, house No. 2 was built according to the design of D. Quarenghi. In 1828-1829, N. V. Gogol lived on Gorokhovaya Street.

In 1849, the street was officially named Gorokhovaya. From 1914 to 1916, Grigory Rasputin lived on Gorokhovaya Street.

Since 1918, the street began to be called Komissarskaya. The street acquired this name thanks to the All-Russian Emergency Commission (VChK) located in house No. 2, which was headed by F. E. Dzerzhinsky. Since 1927, the street has been renamed Dzerzhinskaya.

Since 1991, Gorokhovaya Street has returned its historical name

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St. Petersburg and suburbs

The Red Bridge connects the Kazan and 2nd Admiralty Islands across the Moika River. The bridge crosses the border between the Admiralteysky and Central districts of St. Petersburg. This is one of the oldest bridges in the Northern capital.

Red is a single-span metal bridge 33.6 meters long and 16.6 meters wide.

The span consists of seven double-hinged welded arches connected to each other by a system cross beams and longitudinal connections. The facades of the span are covered with decorative metal sheets. At the entrances there are granite obelisks with tetrahedral lanterns on metal brackets and gilded balls. The railing is a cast iron lattice similar to the type of fencing of the Moika River. roadway Cast iron barriers separate the sidewalks.

History of the bridge

For the first time in 1717, a wooden drawbridge was built here to allow small ships with masts to pass through. Until 1808, the bridge was called White, and then, changing color, it became known as Red.

At the end of the 18th century, the bridge was rebuilt into a three-span wooden bridge with the elimination of the lifting part.

In 1808-1814, according to the design of engineer and architect V.I. Geste, who was the first to use cast iron bridges in Russian bridge construction bearing structures From separate cast-iron “boxes” sections connected to each other by bolts, the wooden Red Bridge was rebuilt into a single-span, cast-iron, arched bridge. The span structure is made according to the type of Narodny, Pevchesky, Novo-Moskovsky, Potseluev, Aleksandrovsky (disassembled). The cast iron structures of the bridge were manufactured at the Ural factories of N.N. Demidova. The foundations are massive, stone, on a pile foundation, lined with granite.

Cast iron gratings are installed on the bridge, repeating the pattern of the fence of the Moika embankment. At the entrances of the bridge there are granite cone-shaped obelisks with gilded balls and tetrahedral lanterns. The roadway of the bridge is separated from the sidewalk by a simple metal fence with granite bollards.

During the period of operation from 1929 to 1950, progressive deformations (opening of seams, rupture of bolts, cracks in the ribs and bottoms of cast iron boxes) of the supports and span were observed. As a result of the inspection, the condition of the bridge was recognized as emergency.

In 1953 the bridge was reconstructed, cast iron spans replaced by piled metal double-hinged arches, which are interconnected by longitudinal and transverse connections. The facades of the span are covered with decorative metal sheets. The design of the railing of the Moika River has been preserved; granite obelisks with tetrahedral lanterns and gilded balls, as well as the internal fencing, have been restored at the entrances of the bridge.

In 1998, another restoration of the Red Bridge was carried out. The lanterns were repaired and the cast iron and granite fences were recreated. The paint job was updated in 2011.

Additional Information

The history of the “colored bridges” across the Moika is interesting - initially there were four of them: Yellow (now Pevchesky), Green (formerly Police and Narodny), Red (originally White) and Blue. Bridges of the same type were located close to each other, and residents often confused them. It was decided to eliminate this inconvenience with the help of color.

Of the three cast iron bridges of the same type across the Moika, built at the beginning of the 19th century according to the design of V.I. Geste, only the Red Bridge has retained its external historical appearance to this day.

The crossing has the status of a monument of federal significance and is registered Committee on State Control, Use and Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments.

We continue the theme of colored bridges in St. Petersburg) The Red Bridge connects the Kazan and 2nd Admiralty Islands across the Moika River.

The colored bridges of St. Petersburg led across the Moika River. Due to the fact that the bridges were close to each other and very similar in appearance, city residents often confused them. The bridges were painted different colors and were named: Green Bridge (until 1918 - Police Bridge), Red Bridge, Blue Bridge, Yellow Bridge (now Pevchesky Bridge). The bridges have painted railings and the lower “water” part. Currently, only three bridges have retained their former name, and they are no longer brightly colored, but have calmer colors.

The Red Bridge marks the border between the Admiralteysky and Central districts of St. Petersburg. This is the only cast iron bridge across the Moika of the bridges built according to the standard design of V. I. Geste, which has retained its historical appearance. Experts note that the simple and at the same time elegant design of the bridge, which is distinguished by a successful architectural composition and elegant proportions, adorns the city landscape, organically combining with the general background of the embankment.

Since 1717 there has been a wooden drawbridge. In 1737, the crossing was rebuilt according to the design of G. van Boles. The bridge was built with a narrow gap in the middle to allow mast ships to pass through. This gap was about 70 cm wide, and was closed with removable shields for passage. At the end of the 18th century, the bridge was rebuilt and became three-span. In 1808-1811 and 1813-1814, the bridge was replaced by a standard single-span, cast-iron, arched bridge with a hingeless vault designed by engineer V. I. Geste. The cast iron tubings of the bridge were manufactured at the Ural factories of N. N. Demidov.

The stone supports of the bridge are made of rubble masonry with granite cladding. As a railing Red Bridge A cast iron grate was used, repeating the pattern of the embankment fence. This bridge also had a simple metal fence on granite pedestals, which separates the sidewalks from the roadway. To illuminate the bridge, granite obelisks were placed on which lanterns were suspended.

In 1953-1954, the cast iron structures were replaced with steel arched ones; during the work, the appearance of the bridge was preserved.

Another restoration was carried out in 1998 Red Bridge. Work was carried out to repair the lanterns, and the cast iron and granite fences were recreated.