How to whitewash the walls. Whitewashing the walls with lime at home. White is not the only option

Whitewashing walls is an important stage in any cosmetic repair. Since the quality of the material used affects the appearance of the surface, resistance to external influences.

Advantages of whitewashing

To apply whitewash to the walls, it is not necessary to undergo special training. You can understand the subtleties of work, undeniable advantages, disadvantages in the process of work.

Along with the availability of technology for a beginner, there are a number of advantages of whitewashing over others:

whitewashing becomes indispensable with limited budgetary funds. Since the price on the market for the material is the lowest;
ease of use. Even a schoolboy can cope with whitewashing the walls and ceiling. However, it is important to adhere to technology, to observe the necessary proportions;
beautiful smooth surface of a monophonic fresh shade;
environmental safety, the absence of harmful substances that modern finishing materials sin;
whitewash has bactericidal properties, which allows it to be used with a limited budget, for example, in various educational institutions, hospitals, and in household plots.

Preparation for work

Before you remove the old whitewash from the walls and ceiling, you need to know what was used before - chalk or lime. The check will not take long. It is enough to wet the surface with water. If lime was used, the wet area will darken. Or just swipe the wall. If the surface was whitened with chalk, then the finger will become white. After lime, it will not stain.

The success of whitewashing is primarily affected by thorough surface preparation. To do this, it is enough to follow simple rules:

free the room from household appliances, furniture. If it is impossible to do this, you need to cover them with a film of polyethylene, secure it from slipping with adhesive tape;
if you wet a section of the wall in advance, it will be easier to remove the old layer of whitewash;
to wash off the old layer, it is recommended to use a soap solution, plain clean water with the addition of citric or acetic acid;
old whitewash is removed, collected in a special container. If this is not done, then the cleanliness of the premises will be at risk;
when the old whitewash is removed, the wall is washed with a sponge to remove residue.
to remove stains from rust, grease, and soot, copper sulfate, soda ash, hydrochloric acid are used;
cracks and dents (depending on the size of the defect) are puttied or;
after removing the old whitewash, leveling the surface, an antiseptic composition is applied -. You can either make it yourself or purchase it ready-made;
after the surface has completely dried, we proceed to whitewashing.

How to whitewash walls

The composition that is used for whitewashing is available in three types: lime, chalk, water emulsion. But each finishing material has both its advantages and disadvantages.

To get material ready for work, lime is quenched with water. This type of whitewash is the most popular. Among the advantages of lime should be noted:

good antiseptic, bactericidal properties;
lime stays on the surface for more than three years;
walls after whitewashing with lime are well tolerated by humidity, temperature differences;
adhesion with other finishing building materials;
the ability to fill cracks, as well as correct minor surface defects;
very low price.

However, along with obvious advantages, lime has significant disadvantages:

Causes burns on contact with exposed skin. It is necessary to use protective overalls, a respirator, gloves;
in the process of inaccurate inept work, spots, streaks, and stains remain on the surface;
lime is contraindicated for those who suffer from allergies.

Chalk application

Along with low cost, environmental friendliness, chalk has a number of advantages over lime:

safe at work;
shades of white after application are more saturated;
is hypoallergenic.

Chalk also has disadvantages to consider:

does not like high humidity. Since when interacting with water, the surface eventually begins to crack, swell, peel off;
with inept use, it leaves bubbles, streaks, stains on the surface;
constantly stains, stains everything around - furniture, clothes, curtains.

Whitewashing walls with water-based paint

It would be more correct to call water-based paint. Since the composition usually contains lime, they talk about whitewashing, and not about coloring. In any case, it is a good alternative to chalk with a number of undeniable advantages:

moisture resistance;
wear resistance;
high antiseptic properties;
environmental Safety;
easy to apply to the surface;
dries quickly;
safe to use.

The disadvantages depend on the composition of the water-based paint, its constituent polymers. For example, vinyl or latex enamel is ideal for a surface that is constantly experiencing high moisture, temperature changes. Acrylic in such conditions will, like chalk, crack and peel off.

With the introduction of the dye, you can achieve any shade. Since the walls, the ceiling does not have to be white, like in a hospital. Previously, only one dye was used - blue. Not knowing that whitewashing can be done with certain, suitable pigments, which, in the first place, made the walls typically white, without an ounce of imagination.

To make lime whitewash colored, you need to add an alkali-resistant pigment to the finished solution. Liquid will not work, as lime will simply dissolve it!
To give different shades, the following colors are used:

chromium oxide;
iron minium;
ocher;
ultramarine;
umber;
soot.

It should be borne in mind that the more pigment in the lime mortar, the worse the surface will be in terms of strength.

Chalk, unlike lime, can be tinted with both liquid and dry pigments. This is easy to do: just add the dye of the desired shade to the solution. Just keep in mind that when wet, the color is richer than when dry. Therefore, it does not hurt to re-, after complete drying, “paint” the surface.

Among the significant disadvantages of colored chalk whitewash, it should be noted that it is easy to get dirty with it during interaction. In addition, the room must be dry, without dampness, temperature differences.

Before directly carrying out work, it is necessary to acquire the appropriate tool: alik, to the truth, to the excavator.

Most often, in terms of affordability, brushes are used, as well as rollers. Whitewash, after thorough mixing, is applied in at least 2 layers. The brush is pre-soaked so that it swells. Then her villi do not fall to the surface.

The roller is much easier to work with. Since the surface is smooth, perfectly white. After finishing work, do not forget to rinse the tool so that you can use it again.

There are important safety rules that must be strictly observed:

protective clothing must cover the entire body. First of all, eyes, nose, mouth;
If lime gets on the skin, rinse it thoroughly with water. Otherwise, you can get a serious, slowly healing burn;
stains that inevitably appear on the walls are removed with water and a sponge. But you need to wash them fresh, do not pull until dry.

If you follow these simple rules, whitewashing the walls will not take much time and effort. The surface, when properly applied with lime or chalk, will please the eye for a long time, and will also make the room sterile and aesthetically clean.

Whitewashing with lime is a generation-proven method of treating the surfaces of walls and ceilings. Despite the range of modern building materials, lime does not leave store shelves. What is the secret?

Whitewashing with lime or chalk: what to choose?

Whitewashing as a way of finishing the surfaces of residential premises is becoming less and less popular. Modern materials are increasingly appearing in our apartments, and there is no longer any particular desire to mess with bleach solution. But, nevertheless, there is still a demand for lime and chalk whitewash. This finishing method is widely used in educational and medical institutions, in utility rooms, etc.

Whitewashing can also be found in apartments, for example, on the ceiling in the kitchen or bathroom. Quite often, a bleach solution is used to finish a garage, a barn and a cellar in home gardens. And if you go outside the city, then in the villages you can still find neat white houses, in which, of course, the stove occupies a central place. Whitewashing the stove with lime is still relevant today.

If there is a need for whitewashing, then first of all you need to choose the material on the basis of which the bleaching solution will be made. The most common options are chalk and lime. Of course, each of the options has its positive and not so properties. What do you know about them? Nothing? Then meet:

Lime is a material that is obtained in the process of roasting carbonate rocks. It is used both in construction and for the production of various chemical compounds. Hydrated lime is used for bleaching, which is obtained by combining lime powder with water. It has the following positive characteristics:

affordable and low cost of the material;
has bactericidal properties;
resistant to temperature fluctuations;
moisture resistant;
able to tighten small cracks;
adheres well to brick, stone, wood and plaster.

Whitewashing with lime also has negative points:

possible defects (streaks, stains, stains);
there is a risk of burns.

Since lime is a sodium alkali, precautions must be taken when working with it to protect your health.

Chalk is a common and familiar material of natural origin. Advantages of chalk finish:

affordable price;
environmental friendliness;
deep color white;
easy to wash off - easy to remove a layer of white;
simplicity and safety in work.

Flaws:

easy to wash off - not suitable in a humid environment;
possible defects (stains, streaks, bubbles, etc.).

How to extinguish lime for whitewashing correctly and safely?

In the event that lime turned out to be a more suitable option for finishing the necessary surfaces, then you need to familiarize yourself with the rules for its preparation and quenching. You can buy this alkali in a hardware store in slaked (powder, dough) and quicklime (lumps). In the first case, it can immediately be added to the solution, and in the second case, it can be preliminarily extinguished.

Before extinguishing lime for whitewashing, you need to make sure that all precautions are observed and there is no danger to health. For safe operation it is necessary:

put on overalls and rubber gloves;
protect your eyes with special goggles, and your nose with a respirator;
extinguish lime only in metal containers;
choose a well-ventilated area for this procedure.

In case of contact with lime on the skin, immediately rinse with plenty of running water for 15 minutes, and then consult a doctor.

After following all the precautionary procedures, you can begin to slake the lime. Quenching is a chemical reaction in which lime reacts with water. As a result, you can get fluff (powder) or lime dough, which will depend on the amount of water used.

To get fluff, you need to take 1 part of lime and 1 part of water, i.e. 1 kg of lumps of lime per 1 liter of water. Lumps are placed in a clean deep container, which are then filled with cold and clean water. Reacting, the lime heats up very much, which is accompanied by hissing and splashing. It will take about 30-40 minutes before the lye settles down. After that, it must be stirred with a wooden stick. As a result, after evaporation of moisture, a powder will be obtained.

Lime dough is a plastic mass, for the preparation of which you need 1 part of alkali and 3 parts of water. The further process is not particularly different: water is added in small portions to a container with lumps of lime and gradually stirred. During the reaction, moisture evaporates, but its content in the final product will be greater, which will make it possible to obtain a pasty consistency. With the help of the test, cement-sand mortars are strengthened and mortars for plastering are prepared.

How to dilute lime for whitewashing at home depends on the form in which the alkali is present, it can be prepared according to several recipes. Mandatory ingredients in all formulations are water and table salt, so you should check their presence. And then we choose a recipe, adapt it to the required volume and prepare a bleaching solution, the approximate consumption of which is 0.5 liters per 1 m2 of surface.

Recipe 1. Fluff - 400 g, water - 600 ml, table salt - 5 g, drying oil - 0.3 tbsp. Mix all ingredients thoroughly and pass through a sieve to remove lumps. To give a bluish tint to the resulting solution, you can add ultramarine - 20-25 g.

Recipe 2. Dough - 3 kg, water - 10 l, table salt - 100 g. The dough is diluted in half the volume of water and milk of lime is obtained. Salt is diluted separately in 1 liter of hot water, added to milk and mixed thoroughly. Coloring compositions are also soaked separately in water and gradually poured into the solution. Before use, the bleach mass is brought to a volume of 10 liters by adding the required amount of water.

Whitewash is not a very common wall decoration in our time, but is still used.

The reason is not only the cheapness of materials, but also the ability to put the room in order without using hired force, since you can learn how to properly whitewash the walls with lime from the very first time, in the process of work. The main thing is to prepare the surface of the walls well for finishing and whitewash according to a good recipe.

Why whitewash is better with lime

Whitewashing inside houses used to be done either from chalk or lime. Chalk whitewashing has visual advantages - the color of the walls turns out to be pure - completely white or with a tint if a dye is added to the mass. In addition, chalk whitewash lays on the walls in a fairly dense layer - it is not difficult to whitewash without streaks, bald spots, brush marks.

But lime whitewashing wins in that it is an antibacterial and insecticidal coating. With its help from mold, fungi, insects.

Preparation of surfaces for lime whitewashing

We clean the walls and ceiling from old finishes and dirt. If the walls were previously whitewashed, wash off the old layer. We eliminate wall defects, repair chips and cracks with putty, and then sand them.

We prime the surfaces. This is necessary so that the liquid whitewash is less absorbed into them, forms a dense, well-adhering layer. The usual primer, in fact, is an adhesive composition.

We use slaked lime - paste or prepare fluffs from lime powder

How to prepare a primer for whitewashing with lime

You can purchase a ready-made primer composition or prepare it yourself.

Stir slaked lime in warm tap water (water - half a serving).

Pour salt (coarse, stone) into the liquid.

We filter.

Add the rest of the water.

Separately, mix-rub a small amount of wood glue and sifted chalk powder. You should get a gruel that looks like a cream.

We dissolve the chalk-glue mass in a liquid with lime.

We filter.

The primer composition is ready.

The proportions of ingredients for the preparation of the primer:

slaked lime (paste) - 5 kg;
water - 20 l;
salt - 200-250 g;
chalk - 400 g.
joiner's glue - about 200 g (we orient ourselves by adding to the chalk in parts).

We cook joiner's glue in granules with the addition of water in a water bath.

Instead of carpentry glue, PVA carpentry glue can be added to the lime whitewash primer. Sometimes a strong soapy solution is added to it (rub a piece of laundry soap on a grater and dissolve the chips in hot water). But the primer with soap is weaker than the one in which wood glue is present - whitewash can get dirty and crumble.

Lime whitewashing can be done with brushes

If you use a whitewash roller, the surface will turn out to be more accurate, even.

How to prepare lime whitewash

We put the slaked lime in a bucket, pour warm water, stir.

To get a white whitewash, it is good to add blue to the liquid. To do this, the powder is first diluted in water, and then poured into a bucket of lime.

To give the whitewash layer strength (so that the walls do not stain clothes, etc.), we also add dissolved laundry soap or carpentry glue to the finished mass.

Proportions of ingredients:

slaked lime - 4-5 kg;
water - 7 l;
blue - 15-17 g;
laundry soap - 60-70 g.
joiner's glue - 50-60 g.

The very process of whitewashing the walls with lime is simple: arm yourself with a roller or brush and apply 2 layers on the surface, withstanding the drying time between them.

The process of whitewashing the walls with lime

If there is a spray gun, it will greatly speed up the process, and give a more even coating. Proper whitewashing of the walls with lime also involves regular mixing of the liquid in the container, as its particles quickly settle.

www.domstoy.ru

Functions and scope of lime in repairs

Lime is not the easiest material to use. However, it occupies its niche in the building materials market quite firmly and is very reluctant to lose ground. Given all the advantages and disadvantages, in certain cases the use of lime whitewash is appropriate, and sometimes it is more appropriate to choose another method.

Important properties of lime whitewash

Lime, known to everyone from school, is called calcium oxide in chemistry textbooks. For whitewashing, slaked lime is used, that is, it has reacted with water. In chemical language, slaked lime is a strong base - alkali. It has good disinfecting properties, because the aggressive alkaline environment adversely affects the fungus, pests and other unwanted animals.

Lime whitewashing is not afraid of moist air, does not crack or blister. In addition to resistance to high humidity, walls treated with this substance are resistant to temperature extremes.

For whitewashing, it is not necessary to wash off the existing coating, it can be applied to the old finish. Moreover, if a network of small cracks has formed on the surface of the walls or ceiling, treatment with a solution of slaked lime will strengthen the finish and extend its service life.

The cost of lime for whitewashing in stores cannot be compared with the price of other finishing materials. This is due to the fact that the production process is very simple - it is an elementary firing of lime rocks in a kiln. Raw materials cost a penny, so the price of the product is low. A thirty-kilogram bag costs about $2.

Where and why it is advisable to use lime

The properties of antiseptic and fungicide make slaked lime a leader among finishing materials for damp and cold rooms: cellar, shed, garage, basement and the like. It is used for walls and ceilings. The weather resistance of the substance allows it to be used for whitewashing facades.

The record holders for the use of lime for whitewashing and other tasks are summer residents. Here it is in full swing. It is customary to whitewash walls both inside and out, add quicklime to the soil to change its acid-base balance, treat tree trunks to protect against insects and animals, curbs for beauty.

In those rooms where practicality, not aesthetics, comes to the fore, and the financial side of the issue also matters, lime mortar is also used to cover walls and ceilings. This can be observed at the entrances, on landings, in common corridors, foyers.

It is quite appropriate to whitewash the ceiling in this way in any living space. Schools, hospitals and other institutions still use lime mortar for wall decoration. After drying, calcium hydroxide becomes safe, does not emit any harmful substances into the air.

Buying lime - what to take and how much

Before going to the store, you need to find out which lime to buy for whitewashing - slaked or quicklime, how much it is required and what other components will be needed. This will save you from having to go to the construction market again, if suddenly the solution is not enough or its properties do not meet your requirements.

How to make slaked lime with your own hands

As you already understood, hydrated and quicklime are completely different substances that are united only by a consonant name and the presence of calcium in the composition. For household repairs, slaked lime is used. It is sold by weight at any hardware store or farming department.

However, it is not uncommon for a household to have a fairly large supply of quicklime and it is desirable to use it rather than buy slaked lime. In this case, it can be extinguished independently, especially since this chemical process does not require the skills to conduct such experiments in the laboratory.

So, how to prepare lime for whitewashing from lumpy quicklime "boiler". First you need to take care of personal protection. Since you will be dealing with a rather aggressive alkali, take care to protect your eyes (glasses), respiratory organs (respirator), exposed skin (closed clothing and gloves). This must be done in the air.

Video: How to prepare a whitewash solution

You will need a deep container, such as a bucket and a stirring tool - traditionally a stick. The list of ingredients is also short:

lumpy quicklime;
water.

The water must be cold, this is the only condition. Even a first-grader will remember the proportion - 1: 1.

Step-by-step instruction:

For 1 kg of calcium oxide, take 1 liter of cold water.
Combine all this in a container and mix. Almost instantly, you will be able to observe the beginning of a powerful chemical reaction with the release of a large amount of heat. When quenching, the mixture sometimes heats up to 150 degrees, it is not for nothing that the substance is popularly called a boiling point - the solution literally boils.
When the reaction stops, heat and gas cease to be released, lime can be considered "fluff", that is, slaked. However, it is not yet suitable for whitewashing.
The solution should ripen within 2-3 weeks under a lid in a dark, cool place.

Solution proportions and consumption per square

To start whitewashing with lime with your own hands, you need to prepare at least the following set of materials:

powdered fluff or lime paste;
water.

In addition, all kinds of auxiliary substances are often added to whitewash, which give it certain properties. The stock solution is prepared in a ratio of 1:3. For every kilogram of fluff, take 3 liters of water. As a result, 4 liters of solution can be prepared from 1 kg of the substance.

Lime consumption per 1 m 2 during whitewashing directly depends on the type of surface on which it is applied:

The largest consumption - about 1 liter of ready-made mortar per square, will go away when whitewashing raw brickwork.
A flat prepared surface suggests approximately 0.5 liters per square meter of area.

Another criterion that affects consumption is the painting tool. More often they use an ordinary flat brush or a round one - a maklovitsa. These tools are wasteful, the mass is applied in a thick layer, streaks and drops can form. The spray gun can significantly reduce material consumption and operating time. Often, instead of a spray gun, a reverse blower vacuum cleaner and even hand-held tree sprayers are fitted.

How to calculate the amount of fluff and water

Before you dilute slaked lime for whitewashing, you need to perform some calculations. An example cost calculation is as follows.

First you need to calculate the area of \u200b\u200bthe walls and ceiling that you plan to whitewash. For example: room 3 by 5 m, ceiling height 2.5 m. It was decided to process the ceiling and part of the walls from the middle of the height to the ceiling with lime whitewash.

Wall area: (3 * 2.5 + 5 * 2.5 + 3 * 2.5 + 5 * 2.5) / 2 = 20 m 2.

Ceiling area: 3 * 5 \u003d 15 m 2.

Total area: 35 m2.

Based on the average consumption of 1 liter of solution per 2 m 2 of surface, it is easy to calculate the required amount for whitewashing - 17.5 liters of lime mortar. You can round up to 18, and preferably up to 20, because the average consumption is a rather flexible concept.

That is, 20 liters of solution are required, and this is 5 kg of slaked lime in powder. It is worth noting that the finished lime dough, which is sold in hardware stores, is diluted in the same proportion, which means that the calculation is correct for it.

Additives to improve durability and combat imperfections

Since lime has been used in construction for a very long time, there are many “folk recipes” and methods that improve the properties of this substance. Still, modern water-based paints appeared not so long ago, and craftsmen were forced to engage in chemistry right at their dacha or at home.

The first problem that is solved by adding a secret ingredient to a solution of lime whitewash is grinding. A dried surface tends to stain everything and everyone who touches it. What to add to lime so that it does not smear? This ingredient is in every home - table salt. It has a good bonding effect. Add 100 g of salt per liter of solution.

Another problem, especially when using whitewash for outdoor use, is the rapid washing off of the composition with water. It has long been known what to add to lime so that it does not wash off - a fatty component is introduced into it - drying oil. Drying oil repels water and allows whitewash to last longer. Proportion 1:10, 100 ml per liter of solution.

They practice adding laundry soap grated on a coarse grater, PVA glue, wallpaper glue, acrylic primer. All this is done in order to ensure maximum adhesion of the whitewash to the wall, to exclude its swelling and bubbling.

White is not the only possible

To prevent the lime coating from becoming yellowish, ordinary blue is added to it - methylene blue. It will take 10-20 g per liter. The whitewashed ceiling will become snow-white. But sometimes it becomes necessary to get a lime mortar of other colors. You can’t call this mass whitewash, and not every dye is suitable. Use only those pigments that are resistant to an alkaline environment - mineral, but in no case organic.

Pigments that are used for lime paints:

ocher (yellow shade);
umber (greenish brown);
minium (orange);
mummy (red-brown);
chromium oxide (green);
titanium dioxide (white);
lithopon (white);
ultramarine (blue).

In order to prepare good quality lime paints, it is not recommended to add pigment in its pure form - powder. It is pre-diluted with water until a paste is obtained. Then the pigment paste is allowed to infuse for about 24 hours. And only after that the dye can be added to the solution. This is due to the fact that pigment grains often do not dissolve well and can drag on the brush, forming ugly color streaks.

How to apply the composition to the surface in accordance with all the rules

Instructions on how to whitewash walls with lime look very diverse. The thing is that each master has his own recipe for a lime mixture, his own tool, which means his own technique. But you can try to combine the fundamental points into one algorithm. It will turn out a universal method, which everyone has the right to supplement or slightly correct depending on the situation.

Is surface preparation necessary?

If the task is to quickly whitewash the walls and the decorative side of the issue does not really bother you, you can skip the preparation stage altogether. In fact, you can whiten directly on top of other coatings without worrying that the result will not live up to expectations. But if the walls are covered with adhesive paint, then you need to remove it first.

If speed is not your priority, then it is best to prepare the surface for the application of lime mortar. So the result will be more accurate. The old whitewash is washed off, swollen places on the plaster are removed, sanded, puttied. The same applies to cracks, if any.

Plain water is used as a primer. The surface is lightly wetted for better contact. And if the mixture contains one or more of the additives listed above, then adhesion will be even better.

It is important to protect all other surfaces from accidental contact with lime. All furniture, if it cannot be taken out of the room, the floors and walls are hung with plastic wrap. The worker must wear a protective suit, gloves, goggles and a mask for personal protection.

A few secrets of uniform application

The application process is not particularly difficult. A brush or maklovitsu is dipped into a container with whitewash, the solution is applied to the walls or ceiling with a thin layer. For the ceiling, it is better to use a tool with a long handle. It can be made by hand. This will make it easier to work and eliminate the need to climb on unstable structures from tables and chairs.

Whitewash is applied in several layers - 2-3. Each layer must be applied perpendicular to the previous one. So the coating will be more uniform, there will be no streaks and thickening. There are often gaps in the corners. In these places it is better to walk with a brush again.

Between the application of layers it is necessary to withstand the time interval. The previous layer must dry completely. This will happen much faster if the layers are made thin. The thinnest and most uniform layer will be obtained using an electric spray gun. The lime mixture is poured into the tank and sprayed onto the surface in tiny drops. This eliminates the appearance of divorces.

Despite the fact that the process of whitewashing walls and ceilings with lime is not a big deal, for someone who has encountered this for the first time, it may seem like an impossible task. Especially when it comes to a high ceiling or an extensive amount of work over large areas. It is never too late to turn to the master - a professional in his field. He can easily do this work efficiently and much faster than a beginner.

Video: Quick Cellar Repair

strmnt.com

How to whitewash walls

Whitewashing the walls is the easiest and fastest way to redecorate an apartment or any other room. So the versatility and ease in its execution made whitewashing the most popular and popular. However, not everyone knows how to properly whiten and not strip. So, how to whitewash the walls correctly.

Preliminary preparation of the wall surface for whitewashing

Perhaps the most important component of successful whitewashing will be the preliminary preparation of the surface. The walls must be cleaned of dirt, stains removed and sanded, if any. Otherwise, the new layer will not lie evenly, and most of the stains and streaks will show through it, no matter how thickly you dilute the composition. This problem is solved simply if you sand the walls from the white. But when this is not possible or the layer is not so thick, then you can use the advice of experienced plasterers-painters:

1. Traces of soot are removed with a 2% solution of ordinary hydrochloric acid;

2. Grease marks and stains are wiped with a clean, light-colored cloth moistened with a 2% solution of soda ash. A rag is applied to the place of contamination and held until the stain is completely dissolved;

3. Stains and smudges of rust are easily removed with a solution of copper sulfate (70-120 grams per 1 liter of boiling water).

In any case, the wall must be sanded and primed. Sanding the wall is best done manually, with emery or a grinder at low speeds. The grain size of the emery must be selected depending on our thickness of the layer to be removed. Often, flaws in putty and / or plaster can be hidden under whitewash. Therefore, if the house is old and has not been repaired for a long time, the surfaces should be cleaned carefully: the situation when the wall rests only on whitewash is not uncommon here. Also, at the preparatory stage, cracks and small irregularities are repaired. Ideally the wall is plastered clean and primed again with the appropriate composition.

If there is old whitewash on the wall, then it must be removed. To do this, you need to moisten the walls well with water, you can do it with a roller. After we wait 10 minutes and again we pass a second time with water for better penetration. After that, with an ordinary spatula, we peel off a layer of old whitewash and all the weak points of the plaster.

Wall surface whitewashing technology

You can whitewash the walls either directly with slaked lime or chalk. There is no particular difference between these two materials, it all depends on which one you have on hand. However, the compositions are prepared a little differently. And the actual application technology is slightly different.

How to whitewash with lime

Lime is sold everywhere, as a rule, already ready for further work. However, if it is still necessary to extinguish the lumpy limestone, then this can be done in a wooden box or a metal barrel, with water, in a proportion of 40% to 100% by weight of lime. Lump lime is poured with water and covered with a wooden shield. Leave until the end of chemical processes.

lime powder, which is sold in packages, must be diluted in proportion - 7 liters of water per 4 kg. powder, mix thoroughly to get lime milk, ready for further work. When working with lime, it must be taken into account that the reaction taking place is quite violent and a large amount of heat is released in this case, so you must be careful.

Before whitewashing, the solution or milk of lime must be filtered. Further preparation of the solution depends on the desired properties. For greater whiteness, you can add ordinary table salt in the proportion of half a glass per bucket of solution. In order for the layer to lay down well and adhesion to improve, you can add medium coarse lime plaster or putty, at the rate of 200-220 grams per 1m2 of surface. In addition, the composition can be tinted, which greatly expands the design qualities of such a simple material.

Actually whitewash technology is also simple, the main thing is to observe one not tricky rule: the application of the solution must be started from the window, and the direction must be parallel to the incident light. Work is carried out with a long-haired roller or a paint brush with medium hard bristles.

Directly whitewashing takes place in two stages. On the first - with a liquid solution, without additives and tinting, the walls are wetted, as if "primed". This stage is especially necessary if the wall is dirty, dusty. If necessary, preparatory whitewashing is repeated again. The brush is immersed in the solution completely and without sparing, applied to the surface from top to bottom, washing away all impurities.

Next finishing layer apply more carefully, slightly squeezing the roller or brush so that the solution does not flow or drip. Otherwise, streaks and smudges may form.

Another very important rule for successful whitewashing is to protect your premises from drafts and direct sunlight. And in general, to whitewash the walls or ceiling, it is better to choose a cool and rainy day for work. This is the peculiarity of these works - it is necessary to clearly monitor the "tightness" of the room.

How to whitewash with chalk

Whitewashing with chalk is not great for many. However, if earlier the surface was covered with lime, then it is impossible to work with chalk until the lime layer is removed, as stains and stains form. Therefore, such a surface must be sanded to plaster, primed again, then only after whitening. You can primer both with a purchased product and prepared with your own hands.

The simplest chalk primer is being done from:

40% laundry soap (400 grams) and wood glue (400 grams) with the addition of drying oil (200 grams).

The resulting mass is carefully, stirring vigorously, add 9 liters of water. We apply a primer in a thin layer on the entire surface of the wall, especially carefully processing the corners. After it dries, the final coloring is carried out.

For the preparation of a chalk solution, as a rule, the classic recipe is used:

1. For 2.5 kg. chalk we take 100 grams of wood glue and 20 grams of blue.

2. 70 grams of laundry soap and 4.5 liters are added to the solution. water.

3. Initially, glue is dissolved in water, then, gradually, the remaining components are added. This amount is enough for painting 12 square meters. meters of surface.

You can whitewash the walls with chalk mortar from a spray gun or just like lime - with a roller or brush. The coating is applied twice, taking into account the direction of the light rays: the first time is perpendicular, the second time is parallel. Each layer must dry completely before applying the next. That's all.

As you can see, whitewashing is not a tricky and effective repair. Some troubles are associated only with ensuring the strict tightness of the premises at the time of work. This refers to drafts and when sunlight hits a dry whitewashed surface, which will allow it to dry faster than it needs to, which can affect the final result. But the cheapness and simplicity of the method more than compensate for this disadvantage.

dom-stroit.ru

No. 1. The benefits of whitewashing

Whitewashing ceilings and walls is not the most modern way of finishing, and far from being the most fashionable. What makes thousands and tens of thousands of people across the country still whitewash the old fashioned way? Whitewashing has enough advantages:

low price- this is the main argument in favor of this type of finish. When the budget is limited, and it is necessary to put the room in order, the choice falls on whitewashing. For this reason, gypsum and chalk are still actively used in hospitals, schools and other public institutions for finishing ceilings and walls;
ease of application. A person without special training will cope with whitewashing - no special skills, abilities and tools will be needed;
neat appearance. Of course, in terms of intricacy and decorativeness, the whitewashed ceiling is inferior to the tension system, and the whitewashed walls are finished with Venetian plaster, but if you apply the whitewash correctly, you can end up with a fresh white surface with an even matte color. If desired, a dye can be added to the solution with whitewash;
harmlessness, environmental friendliness ability to pass moisture and air. Ordinary whitewashing in this regard is far ahead of vinyl wallpaper and polystyrene foam ceiling tiles, so in some cases it will be even more preferable;
lime whitening has bactericidal properties, so it will become an additional protection against mold and fungus.

Among cons low durability (1-3 years), uncomplicated appearance and dirt during application.

No. 2. How to whitewash: lime, chalk or water-based paint?

When they talk about whitewashing, they most often mean exactly lime whitewash. Lime (this is calcium oxide) is quenched with water to produce a material that is used in finishing.

The main advantages of lime whitewash:

bactericidal properties of the material, so this finish is used in kindergartens, schools, medical institutions, even in wet rooms. The antiseptic qualities of lime also make it possible to actively use it in the arrangement of cellars and chicken coops. For the same reason, the bark of trees is treated with lime whitewash;
if the lime mortar was prepared and applied correctly, then the coating will last about 3 years and even more;
resistance to temperature extremes and high humidity. That is why lime can be used to decorate bathrooms if other materials are not affordable;
excellent adhesion to almost all materials, including brick, wood, plaster and concrete;
ability to fill small cracks;
low price, which is typical for any whitewash.

With all the advantages, lime is different and shortcomings. The main one is the possibility of getting burned, so all work must be carried out with gloves. Chalk is much safer in this respect. In addition, there is a chance of leaving stains and streaks. Allergy sufferers are not recommended to use this finish.

Chalk just like lime, it is inexpensive and environmentally friendly, and among its additional benefits:

safety at work;
a deeper white color that many like more than the color obtained with lime whitewash;
the ability to use in rooms where allergy sufferers live.

Chalk, when interacting with water, is able to accumulate it, which leads to the appearance of cracks on the surface and the rapid exfoliation of the whitewash layer, therefore, chalk whitewashing is taboo in bathrooms, kitchens and other wet areas. If the application technology is violated, you can get not only spots and stains, but also bubbles. In addition, chalk whitewash stains.

There is such a concept among the people as whitewashing with water-based paint. This finish has nothing to do with whitewashing and refers to painting. It began to be attributed to whitewashing, apparently due to the composition of the materials used - this cement and lime based paints. Today, painting with mineral water-based paints can be considered the best alternative to whitewashing. Among the main advantages of this option:

resistance to abrasion, temperature extremes;
bactericidal properties;
the ability to breathe;
human safety;
ease of use, high drying speed.

However, the durability of such a coating is also not up to par, but the price is much higher than that of ordinary whitewash.

No. 3. How to determine what was whitewashed?

Probably, at least once in a lifetime, everyone has heard that different whitewashes cannot be mixed. If lime whitewash was applied to the ceiling or wall, then when mounting on top of the chalky one, ugly spots will soon be observed. When preparing a room for finishing and evaluating the condition of the surfaces, it is very important to determine what whitewashing was done before.

It is very easy to check. It is enough to wet a small fragment of the finish with water, and observe the reaction. Wet lime will darken a little, and if you rub the surface with your finger, there will be no white marks on your hands.

No. 4. How to wash off whitewash and prepare the surface?

Before whitewashing a ceiling or wall, it is necessary to prepare the room and surface for future work. The sequence of actions is as follows:

If your task is only resurface a whitewashed surface, then if there are small defects, they can be repaired with cement-based putty, and then proceed to apply a new layer of whitewash.

No. 5. Preparing a whitewash solution

Since lime is used more often, we will start with it. The process of preparing the material is simple, but still requires care. So, how to dilute lime for whitewashing?

Now consider how dilute whitewash based on chalk:

Note that ready-made dry mixes are also on sale, where lime or chalk has already been mixed in the required proportions with other components - you just have to fill in the required amount of water. Such mixtures are more expensive if you take all the ingredients separately, but the difference is small.

No. 6. How to whitewash the ceiling and walls: brush, roller or spray?

Theoretically, whitewashing can be applied with the following tools:

brush;
roller;
spray gun;
vacuum cleaner with air blowing function.

We note right away that the first two options are more applicable - it makes sense to use a vacuum cleaner and an airbrush with a large surface area to be whitewashed.

Whitewash brush they take a special one, made of natural bristles 15-20 cm wide. After work, the brush can be washed and reused later. To whitewash a brick wall, you can use a brush with natural bristles. It is advisable to soak it in water a few hours before use. In this case, the wooden handle swells a little and holds the bristles well, which will not fall out during the whitewashing process.

Before applying the mixture, it is important to mix well again so that the shade is uniform. The first layer is applied perpendicular to the window, the second - parallel to the frames. In this case, the stripes from the brush will be minimally noticeable. Experts recommend slightly moistening the surface of the ceiling and walls before applying the mixture.

It is better not to use a whitewash roller. When there is only one layer, this tool will still fit, but when applying the second layer, the dried first one may fall off. If you act carefully, you can get a beautiful matte surface.

Sprayer and vacuum cleaner take only when you have to finish a large surface. The consumption of the solution increases, it is applied in a thicker layer, but it will be possible to mask small defects. If you have a sprayer at your disposal, then there are no questions.

You can also apply whitewash with a vacuum cleaner if it has an air blowing function. Among the numerous nozzles in such models there should be a polyethylene cover with tubes. This cap is the atomizer. It must be put on a jar and connected with a hose to the outlet in the vacuum cleaner. It turns out that when air is blown out with a vacuum cleaner, air enters the atomizer, draws the solution from the can and sprays it through the nozzle. As a rule, there is a special hole on the sprayer, covering which you can get the required solution supply pressure. It is better to apply the solution in a circular motion, spraying at a distance of 70-100 cm.

No. 7. In conclusion about safety

So that after whitewashing you do not have to be treated, it is better to take care of safety precautions in advance. The respiratory tract is protected with a respirator, a wet bandage or a protective mask. Hands must be protected with rubber gloves, and eyes with goggles.

- choose what you want, but with all this good old whitewashing does not lose popularity. Among the main reasons are low cost, ease of application and environmental friendliness. These qualities are sometimes enough to turn a blind eye to the low durability of the coating. Let's figure out how to whitewash the ceiling and walls with lime and chalk, decide whether water-based paint belongs to whitewash, and which material shows itself better.

No. 1. The benefits of whitewashing

low price- this is the main argument in favor of this type of finish. When the budget is limited, and it is necessary to put the room in order, the choice falls on whitewashing. For this reason, gypsum and chalk are still actively used in hospitals, schools and other public institutions for finishing ceilings and walls;
ease of application. A person without special training will cope with whitewashing - no special skills, abilities and tools will be needed;
neat appearance. Of course, in terms of intricacy and decorativeness, the whitewashed ceiling is inferior to the tension system, and the whitewashed walls are finished with Venetian plaster, but if you apply the whitewash correctly, you can end up with a fresh white surface with an even matte color. If desired, a dye can be added to the solution with whitewash;
harmlessness, environmental friendliness ability to pass moisture and air. Ordinary whitewashing in this regard is far ahead of expanded polystyrene ceiling tiles, so in some cases it will be even more preferable;
lime whitening has bactericidal properties, so it will become an additional protection against and fungus.

Among cons low durability (1-3 years), uncomplicated appearance and dirt during application.

No. 2. How to whitewash: lime, chalk or water-based paint?

When they talk about whitewashing, they most often mean exactly lime whitewash. Lime (this is calcium oxide) is quenched with water to produce a material that is used in finishing.

The main advantages of lime whitewash:

bactericidal properties of the material, so this finish is used in kindergartens, schools, medical institutions, even in wet rooms. The antiseptic qualities of lime also make it possible to actively use it in the arrangement of cellars and chicken coops. For the same reason, the bark of trees is treated with lime whitewash;
if the lime mortar was prepared and applied correctly, then the coating will last about 3 years and even more;
resistance to temperature extremes and high humidity. That is why lime can be finished if other materials are not affordable;
excellent adhesion to almost all materials, including wood, plaster and;
ability to fill small cracks;
low price, which is typical for any whitewash.

Chalk just like lime, it is inexpensive and environmentally friendly, and among its additional benefits:

safety at work;
a deeper white color that many like more than the color obtained with lime whitewash;
the ability to use in rooms where allergy sufferers live.

There is such a concept among the people as whitewashing with water-based paint. This finish has nothing to do with whitewashing and refers to. It began to be attributed to whitewashing, apparently due to the composition of the materials used - this lime-based paints. Today, painting with mineral water-based paints can be considered the best alternative to whitewashing. Among the main advantages of this option:

resistance to abrasion, temperature extremes;
bactericidal properties;
the ability to breathe;
human safety;
ease of use, high drying speed.

However, the durability of such a coating is also not up to par, but the price is much higher than that of ordinary whitewash.

No. 3. How to determine what was whitewashed?

No. 4. How to wash off whitewash and prepare the surface?

Before whitewashing a ceiling or wall, it is necessary to prepare the room and surface for future work. The sequence of actions is as follows:

if possible, remove all pieces of furniture and decor from the room. What could not be taken out can be covered with plastic wrap and secured with masking tape;
It will be easier if you wet it first. It is better to wet the surface in parts so that the moisture does not have time to dry. Some advise adding a little citric acid or vinegar to warm water, others use a mild soap solution. You can moisten the surface with a sponge or brush. It is enough to simply remove the wetted whitewash with a spatula. Fragments that fall off, it is better to try to drop them into a separate container, minimizing their contact with the floor. The remains are washed off with a damp sponge. Chalk whitewash is removed much easier;
if there visible spots surface needs to be cleaned up. Rusty spots are washed with water, and then treated with a solution of copper sulphate (the solution is prepared by adding 50-100 g of vitriol to 1 liter of hot water). Grease stains can be removed with a weak solution of soda ash: a rag is moistened in a 2% solution and applied to the contaminated surface until the stain disappears completely. Then the treated area is thoroughly washed with water. From soot, treatment with a solution of hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 2-3% can help;
application of an antifungal composition;
if there are noticeable on the surface cracks and dents then it is better to get rid of them. If the depth of irregularities is within 1 cm, then you can take it for, if there are cracks up to 3-5 cm, then it is better to take plaster. Putty can be found ready-made, you can - in dry form, it will need to be closed with the amount of water indicated on the package. Apply the mixture with a spatula, and level it with it. If there are large vertical deviations, you can use the building rule. Many experts consider it illogical to apply expensive store putty for cheap whitewash, therefore prepare the composition yourself. The easiest recipe: mix gypsum, chalk and wood glue solution in a ratio of 1:2:2. The glue solution is prepared by adding 30-50 g of glue to 1 liter of water;
after the putty dries, it must be rubbed with sandpaper to get a smooth smooth surface;
application . In principle, you can take any ready-made composition, or you can prepare your own primer. One of the most simple and suitable recipes: dissolve 50-100 g of drying oil and 200 g of laundry soap cut into thin chips in 3 liters of hot water, 3 kg of slaked lime are diluted separately in 4 liters of water, then the two solutions are mixed and diluted with water to a volume of 10 -11 l;
after the primer has dried, you can proceed to whitewashing. It takes about a day to dry.

If your task is only resurface a whitewashed surface, then if there are small defects, they can be repaired with cement-based putty, and then proceed to apply a new layer of whitewash.

No. 5. Preparing a whitewash solution

Since lime is used more often, we will start with it. The process of preparing the material is simple, but still requires care. So, how to dilute lime for whitewashing?

Now consider how dilute whitewash based on chalk:

No. 6. How to whitewash the ceiling and walls: brush, roller or spray?

Theoretically, you can apply whitewash:

brush;
roller;
spray gun;
vacuum cleaner with air blowing function.

We note right away that the first two options are more applicable - it makes sense to use a vacuum cleaner and an airbrush with a large surface area to be whitewashed.

No. 7. In conclusion about safety

Whitewashing the ceiling and walls is one of the best ways to make these surfaces look clean, neat and tidy. But first you need to prepare the flow and the walls for whitewashing, and then whitewash, choosing the best way.

Preparing the surface of the ceiling (walls) for whitewashing with your own hands

Before whitewashing, of course, it is necessary to prepare the surface for further work. For example, you want to use lime whitewash, and your ceiling or walls are covered with chalk, in which case it would be logical to first remove the old chalk whitewash and only then apply lime.

How to wash off the old whitewash from the ceiling? First of all, it is necessary to moisten the entire surface of the ceiling with water, and then, using a rag and a spatula, clean and wash off the whitewash with soapy water.

If there is a desire to only slightly update the ceiling. those. to repair the whitewashed ceiling, then first carefully examine the entire ceiling for cracks, and then with a spatula you can repair the flaws with cement-based putty.

The seams of the ceiling must be glued with a special mesh-like tape, and then putty. When the ceiling is dry, it must be treated with sandpaper. Next, we apply the primer again, and after it dries (after 24 hours), you can proceed directly to whitewashing.

What is the best way to whitewash the ceiling?

Currently, two main types of environmentally friendly materials are used for whitewashing the ceiling and walls - these are chalk and lime.

Whitewashing the ceiling with lime

Lime has an advantage, it has bactericidal properties, and also has the ability to tighten cracks, as if closing them.

Whitewashing the ceiling with chalk

At the same time, lime can cause allergic reactions in some people, in which case, of course, it is better to use chalk, which gives an excellent white color when whitewashed (although lime is no worse).

Please note that if the ceiling whitewash was previously done with lime, then it is recommended that you also use it in the future so that ugly streaks and stains do not appear.

Preparation of a solution for whitewashing the ceiling with chalk

A solution for chalk whitewash is prepared as follows: for 5 liters. water add 30 gr. wood glue, 15 gr. blue (to make the solution white) and 3 kg of chalk. The prepared solution is enough for 10 sq.m.

You can check the consistency of the solution with a knife. If the solution flows freely over the knife, then the solution has insufficient viscosity. Then it is necessary to add more chalk there, but gradually, in small portions, so that the solution does not turn out to be too thick.

Preparation of a solution for whitewashing the ceiling with lime

A solution for lime whitewashing is prepared as follows: stir 2-3 kg of lime in one liter of water, add 100 gr. salt, 200 gr. aluminum alum. Mix thoroughly, and then dilute with warm water (up to 10 liters). If you want to change the shade, you can add 200-500 ml of dye.

When whitewashing with lime, the surfaces must be moistened, then the lime lays down evenly, without leaving streaks.

How to determine what was whitewashed ceiling or walls before repair

Sometimes we do not know what the walls or ceiling were previously whitewashed, in which case it can be easily checked. We wet any area with water, if the whitewash was lime, then the wet surface will darken and if you rub this place with your finger, it will not be stained.

How to whitewash the ceiling (walls) with your own hands

Use auxiliary tools when whitewashing: brush, roller or vacuum cleaner. It is easiest to work with a roller, and the surface is white and even (experience is still needed for a brush and a vacuum cleaner).

Before starting work, it is necessary to thoroughly stir the solution, and then apply the whitewash with a roller at least two times. Allow the first coat to dry and then apply another coat.

One of the fastest and most effective ways to whitewash is to use a vacuum cleaner, which is in almost every home.

For proper whitewashing, the vacuum cleaner itself is needed, which should “be able” to blow out air, and not blow it in (not all models have such a function), and among the nozzles it should come with a special polyethylene cover with a set of tubes.

This lid must be put on a liter or one and a half liter jar, and all this must be connected to the blow hole in the vacuum cleaner.

Air under pressure will go through the hose, enter the sprayer, drawing the mixture from the can, withdrawing it through the tube and spraying the solution over the surface.

The supply of the solution is regulated with the help of another hole, which is closed with a finger.

In order for the whitewash to lie evenly, you need to make smooth circular movements. The spray nozzle should be approximately 80-100 cm from the surface. You can repeat the procedure several more times to achieve the optimal result.

Follow basic safety rules when whitewashing the ceiling (walls) with your own hands

When whitewashing the ceiling or walls, you need to wear protective clothing and use safety measures: a bandage on your face, goggles on your eyes, rubber gloves on your hands.

If you want the ceilings to delight you with their cleanliness and whiteness for many years, you can safely start whitewashing the walls and ceilings with your own hands by adopting this instruction!