What does the plant lack if the leaves are pale? The main signs of phosphorus deficiency in plants. Sulfur deficiency manifests itself

Wanting to give plants as much as possible, many people often thoughtlessly use mineral fertilizers. But “more” is not always synonymous with “better.” Most often, crops lack only one or two minerals, and we pamper them with everything at once. And often after this, excess manifests itself much worse than deficiency. Take a closer look at the plants, and they themselves will tell you what they are missing.
Athot- pale or yellowed leaves, small size and early necrosis of leaves, fragile stem. With an excess of nitrogen, the plant “fattens,” that is, it suffers from growth with a clear delay in flowering.
TOAliyah– flowers form poorly or do not form at all, leaves turn yellow or brown, often die, and also curl downward and wrinkle. With an excess of potassium, plant growth slows down.

Fosphorus – leaves are dark green, with a bluish tint, slow growth, early leaf fall, the plant is often affected by fungus. With an excess of phosphorus, iron and zinc are poorly absorbed.

ANDiron- the appearance of uniform chlorosis between the leaf veins, pale green and yellow coloring of the leaves without tissue death. Iron deficiency most often manifests itself on carbonate and heavily limed soils.
MAgny – light or yellow leaves, perhaps even red; chlorosis of leaf tissue between green veins, death of roots.
TOalcium- damage and death of apical buds and roots, death of the tip and edges of young leaves, some of which have a hook-shaped tip. Calcium deficiency is often observed in very acidic, especially sandy, soils.
WITHera- pale green color of leaves without tissue death. When a plant lacks sulfur, protein synthesis slows down and growth lags. If, on the contrary, there is an excess of sulfur in the plant, the leaves turn yellow and the edges curl inward.

Bop- death of apical buds, roots and leaves; lack of flowering, fall of the ovary. Boron deficiency most often occurs on soils with a neutral and alkaline reaction, as well as on limed soils, since calcium interferes with the entry of boron into the plant.
Mgo- chlorosis and whitening of leaf tips. With an excess of copper, root development is disrupted and the supply of iron and manganese to the plant is reduced.

Manganese- poor development of leaves, the appearance of spots on them. Interveinal chlorosis indicates an excess of manganese. Manganese deficiency most often occurs in alkaline soils.

With Mg deficiency. chlorosis of the leaves is observed; they begin to turn pale between the veins from the middle to the edges, while the edges gradually curl, and the leaves become variegated. Yellowing covers almost the entire leaf blade; only the tips of the leaves and the V-shaped areas at their bases remain green. Magnesium chlorosis is usually observed in late summer and autumn, and extremely rarely at the beginning of the growing season. The root system of plants develops poorly, the plants look exhausted. Characteristic of magnesium starvation is the fact that speckled yellowing affects both old and young leaves at the same time, which usually does not happen with a lack of iron, zinc or manganese. Spots of different colors subsequently appear between the veins due to tissue death. At the same time, large veins and adjacent areas of the leaf remain green. The leaf tips and edges curl, causing the leaves to become domed, the edges of the leaves to wrinkle and gradually die. Signs of deficiency appear and spread from the lower leaves to the upper ones. In fruit plants, early leaf fall is observed, starting from the lower shoots even in summer, and severe fruit drop. Signs of magnesium deficiency in the apple tree appear in August on the leaves of fruit trees and annual shoots. A characteristic sign of magnesium starvation in pome crops is interveinal chlorosis (discoloration), which begins with the leaves of the lower tier. In some varieties, the areas of the leaves between the veins become yellow, orange, or red, while the veins and adjacent tissues remain green. Subsequently, brown necrotic spots appear in the interveinal areas, starting from the edges of the leaves. In other varieties, the leaves turn yellow and brown in the middle, but leave the edges green. In cherries, yellowing of the leaves begins from the middle of the blade on both sides. Subsequently, elongated brown spots appear along the veins, and the leaves turn completely yellow. Diseased leaves fall off in advance. The application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, as a rule, increases the need of plants for magnesium, since a certain ratio between these elements is important for them. To eliminate this deficiency, magnesium-containing fertilizers are applied (for sandy soils, dolomite is the best). The cause of Mg deficiency can be not only its lack in the soil, but also increased soil acidity, as well as high potassium content in the soil. Sandy and sandy loam sod-podzolic soils are poor in magnesium.

Signs of sulfur deficiency (S)

With a lack of sulfur, plant growth is retarded. Chlorosis develops on the leaves, very similar to chlorosis caused by a lack of nitrogen. But the initial stages of S. deficiency are characterized by yellowing of the leaves of young shoots while maintaining the green color on older leaves. These differences in leaf color are striking and give the trees a distinctive appearance. A lack of sulfur is manifested in slow growth of stems in thickness, in a pale green color of leaves without tissue death. The stems become thin, brittle, woody and tough. A lack of sulfur leads to a delay in protein synthesis, since the formation of amino acids containing this element is difficult. Because of this, visual manifestations of sulfur deficiency are similar to signs of nitrogen starvation: plant development slows down, leaf size decreases, stems lengthen, leaves and petioles become woody. Unlike nitrogen starvation, with sulfur starvation the leaves do not die, although their color becomes pale. Sulfur requirements vary greatly among different crops. When cultivating agricultural crops on soils low in mobile sulfur, yields may decrease and the quality of products may deteriorate. The supply of sulfur to plants is the main factor in obtaining high-quality plant protein. In a number of crops, the structure, as well as the functioning of enzymes and proteins in the tissues of leaves and seeds, depends on the level of sulfur nutrition.

Signs of iron (Fe) deficiency

With a lack of Fe. Plants develop leaf chlorosis, they become pale and crumble. Iron chlorosis always begins on young leaves, and only then gradually moves to older ones. In addition, unlike calcium or magnesium chlorosis, the leaves turn pale green entirely, rather than partially. In the initial stage of iron chlorosis, a network of dark green veins stands out on a pale yellow leaf. During acute starvation, the color of both young and old leaves becomes very pale, almost white, the veins also turn very pale and only the middle one retains a pale green color. At this stage of starvation, necrotic spots often appear on older leaves, the tops of the shoots begin to dry out, fall off, and the tree stops growing. It should be remembered that Fe deficiency. usually associated with increased soil alkalinity, but it can also be caused by extreme variations in soil moisture. Iron deficiency is sometimes detected on carbonate soils and on acidic soils after the application of high doses of lime. With a lack of iron, uniform chlorosis is observed between the leaf veins. The color of the upper leaves becomes pale green and yellow, white stripes appear between the veins, and the entire leaf may subsequently turn white. Signs of iron deficiency appear primarily on young leaves. The following trees are sensitive to iron deficiency: apple, pear, cherry, as well as apricot, plum and peach. Chlorosis begins with yellowing or even whitening of the upper leaves. Often yellowing of leaf areas is observed only between the veins, and with a severe lack of iron, the leaf blade turns yellow completely. After prolonged starvation, brown spots appear along the edges and between the veins of yellowed leaves. The leaves have fallen and fall off, the apical shoots die.

Signs of zinc (Zn) deficiency

With a lack of Zn. the leaves become small, their tops become lighter, rosettes form, light, yellowish areas appear between the veins of the leaves, and the lower, older leaves die off. Symptoms of zinc deficiency appear very sharply on the leaves. Leaf symptoms of zinc deficiency include uneven green stripes along the midribs and lateral veins, and the rest of the leaf tissue becomes light green, greenish-yellow, or very pale yellow. A characteristic sign of zinc deficiency is the appearance of narrow leaves on shoots with short internodes; During acute starvation, very small, erect leaves develop. With a slight deficiency of zinc, a characteristic pattern on the leaves appears first in the form of a clearly visible network of green veins on a light green background of the leaf. As leaves age, the areas of green tissue adjacent to the veins expand and become darker, while the areas between the veins become lighter. The symptoms of zinc deficiency are so pronounced that they mask or greatly alter the symptoms of deficiency of all other elements, as well as various diseases; therefore, in order to detect the deficiency of other elements, it is necessary first of all to eliminate the deficiency of zinc. It should be remembered that a lack of zinc is often caused by a lack of copper, which, as we remember, is in turn caused by excess doses of nitrogen in the soil! Zinc deficiency is observed in soils. Symptoms of zinc deficiency develop throughout the plant or are localized to older lower leaves. First, scattered spots of gray-brown and bronze color appear on the leaves of the lower and middle tiers, and then on all leaves of the plant. The tissue of such areas seems to collapse and then dies. Young leaves are abnormally small and mottled with yellow or uniformly chlorotic, slightly upright, and leaf margins may curl upward. In exceptional cases, the internodes of starved plants are short and the leaves are small and thick. Spots also appear on leaf stems and stems. Apple, pear, peach, apricot, cherry and plum trees are sensitive to zinc deficiency. The deficiency of this element in the soil causes a delay in the bud opening of fruit trees. Since spring, small, narrow, hard leaves with wavy edges are formed, collected in rosettes on the tips of the shoots and chlorotic with small spots in the middle part of the leaf blade. The tops of the shoots die off. Below the dead area, a large number of weak-growing lateral shoots are formed, which do not ripen during the summer and freeze out in winter. In stone fruits, zinc deficiency results in yellowing of the entire leaf tissue between the veins. The application of large doses of phosphorus fertilizers and phosphating of soils aggravates zinc deficiency.

Signs of boron deficiency (B)

With a lack of boron, plant growth slows down, the growth points of shoots and roots die off, buds do not open, flowers fall off, cells in young tissues disintegrate, cracks appear, plant organs turn black and take on an irregular shape. The edges of the leaf blade become brown, and this is noticeable first on old leaves , then the process moves on to the young ones. Often, with a lack of V., the leaves have a withering appearance, as if dried out, but after watering the picture does not change. With a lack of boron, young leaves lose their normal color at the curved base of the leaf and become curled. The top of the shoot may remain green for some time. The upper leaves are especially distinguished by an unhealthy light green color and curl from the top to the base. Watery spots appear on other young leaves, which gradually become translucent. Another characteristic symptom of boron deficiency is the expansion of the veins, accompanied by their further splitting and suberization (large veins, starting from the central one, are covered with a brownish layer resembling a cork). The fruits of trees experiencing boron starvation begin to fall prematurely. Unripe fruits have brown spots and the fruits have a “dried” appearance. Boron deficiency is more often observed on carbonate, dark-colored, waterlogged soils, as well as on acidic soils after liming. A good supply of plants with phosphorus and calcium increases their requirements for the presence of boron. An indicator of a lack of boron in the soil can be sunflower, which has browning of the top and cessation of growth of young leaves. Large doses of boron cause general toxicosis in plants, while boron accumulates in the leaves, causing a kind of burn of the lower leaves, i.e., the appearance of marginal necrosis, their yellowing, dying and falling off. The sensitivity of plants to boron deficiency varies greatly. In fruit crops, boron deficiency is expressed in the shredding of the upper leaves, their curling and falling off, and with a sharp deficiency, in the development of dry tops, in the appearance of watery ulcers on the fruits (inside and outside), which then turn brown and become suberized, and the fruits acquire a characteristic bitter taste. If there is a lack of boron in plants, the growth point is affected, the apical buds and roots die, and the stems become bent. Side shoots develop rapidly, and the plant takes on a bush shape. Leaves become pale green, scorched and curled. There is a lack of flowering or falling off of flowers, non-set of fruits, empty grains. Symptoms of boron deficiency are especially noticeable in dry years. In pome species, the most characteristic signs of boron starvation is suberization of fruit tissues in both the outer and inner layers of the pulp. External suberization manifests itself in the ovary. Watery spots form on the fruits near the calyx, which over time turn brown, become hard and covered with cracks, the growth of the fruit stops and they fall off. The inner cork layer may appear in the fruit two weeks after the petals fall. The fruits develop dry, hard, brown, corky areas with a dry consistency and a bitter taste. Sometimes rosettes of small thickened leaves are formed on the shoots, and bushiness of the shoots is observed. In stone fruit trees, boron deficiency has the same symptoms as in pome trees. It must be borne in mind that even a small overdose of boron can result in the death of the plant!

Signs of Copper (Cu) Deficiency

Copper deficiency is more often observed on peat bogs, as well as on carbonate and sandy soils with a copper content of less than 0.001%. Plants vary in their sensitivity to copper deficiency. Plants bushy heavily, stemming is delayed, seed formation is suppressed (empty grains). With a lack of Cu. the growth of the root system is disrupted, as a result of which the growth of the entire plant slows down. The first sign of mild copper deficiency is the appearance of unusually wide, dark green leaves on long, soft, geniculate shoots; the leaves usually have irregular outlines with an arched midrib. Soft shoots bend at the ends or take an S-shape. At this stage of starvation, the tree appears powerfully developed to an inexperienced person. With more acute and prolonged starvation, the leaves of the tree become, on the contrary, very small and quickly fall off the dying shoots. Before falling, they have shapeless light yellow spots. In cases of very acute starvation, the leaves curl strongly, their edges take on an irregular shape, and a thin network of darker-colored veins stands out against the light green background of the leaf blade. Young shoots become thin and geniculate. Occasionally, deposits of resinous gum form between the bark and wood; Sometimes the bark breaks and the gum comes out. In cases of very severe starvation, large shoots with numerous buds develop a large number of young tender shoots with small leaves; the leaves die quickly, starting from the top. At this stage of starvation, reddish growths develop on the shoots over almost the entire surface of the bark. Many researchers note that copper deficiency is associated with excess nitrogen doses. This should be taken into account! Also, a lack of copper is usually accompanied by a lack of magnesium. >

Signs of manganese (Mn) deficiency

Mn deficiency. is in many ways similar to a lack of iron and zinc: chlorosis of the leaves appears, plant growth slows down. In young leaves, a thin network of green veins stands out against the background of the light green color of the tissues of the leaf blades. However, with manganese starvation, the color of the leaves is greener and the pattern of veins is less noticeable than with a lack of zinc or iron. With weak manganese starvation, this pattern blurs as the leaves age and dark green, irregularly shaped stripes form on the leaf along the main and larger lateral veins, between which there are areas of light green tissue. The noted symptoms of manganese deficiency resemble the changes that occur with a lack of zinc, however, such a sharp contrast as is characteristic of zinc starvation is never observed with a lack of manganese. In more acute forms of manganese starvation, the leaves acquire a dull green or yellowish-green color along the middle and larger lateral veins, but these stripes gradually become narrower, as at the same time the areas between the veins become increasingly pale and dull. Manganese deficiency often occurs on carbonate, peaty, floodplain and meadow-chernozem soils. With a lack of manganese, chlorosis is observed between the veins of the leaf - on the upper leaves, a yellowish-green or yellowish-gray color appears between the veins, the veins remain green, which gives the leaf a variegated appearance. Subsequently, areas of chlorotic tissue die, and spots of various shapes and colors appear. Signs of deficiency appear primarily on young leaves and primarily at the base of the leaves, rather than at the tips as with potassium deficiency. Manganese is needed by plants for the synthesis of chlorophyll. Apple and cherry trees suffer from a lack of this element. The first sign of manganese starvation is the yellowing of the edges of the leaves (and subsequently the appearance of clear yellow spots) on the entire surface. The veins and adjacent tissues remain green for a long time. Such symptoms appear on both old (more often) and young apical leaves, which is distinguished by manganese starvation with iron, when yellowing begins with young apical leaves, and the leaf blades turn yellow completely. Manganese deficiency is more common in dry areas. With an acute shortage of manganese, the shoots die.

Signs of Molybdenum (Mo) Deficiency

Symptoms appear first on older leaves. Clearly expressed mottling appears; The leaf veins remain light green. Newly developing leaves start out green but become mottled as they grow. Areas of chlorotic tissue subsequently swell, the edges of the leaves curl inward; Necrosis develops along the edges and at the tips of the leaves. Molybdenum starvation is most often observed on acidic soils with a pH less than 5.2. Liming increases the mobility of molybdenum in the soil and its consumption by plants. Legumes are especially sensitive to the lack of this element in the soil.

When identifying signs of insufficiency of any nutrient, one must take into account that some characteristic signs of starvation can be caused by diseases, pests, freezing and mechanical damage to plants. For example, when there is a massive proliferation of mites, the leaves become greenish-yellow, as if there is a lack of nitrogen. Light green leaf color due to heavy aphid proliferation and lack of moisture in the soil. After the conductive tissue freezes, signs resembling potassium starvation (marginal leaf burn) appear on tree trunks.

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We most often learn that a plant is experiencing a nutritional deficiency by a number of external signs. It also happens that we mistakenly take these symptoms for the onset of some disease, although the plant only needs feeding, and not treatment. A deficiency of mineral nutrition elements primarily manifests itself in indicator plants, which are the first to respond to such a deficiency. It is characteristic that the type of soil itself initially implies a lack of a certain element, which causes metabolic disorders in the green organism. This process is accompanied by yellowing and falling of leaves, dying of shoots, etc.

For example, light sandy and sandy loam soils are characterized by a lack of elements such as magnesium, potassium, iodine, sulfur and bromine. Over-limed or carbonate soils lack zinc, boron and manganese, and on peat soils, plants do not readily absorb manganese, copper, boron and potassium.

So, before treating plants for “diseases,” make sure they are not starving. To do this, below we present the signs that accompany a plant with a lack of one or another element:

Nitrogen deficiency in plants is manifested by a change in leaf color and a decrease in their size. Due to the reduction of chlorophyll, they lose their intense green coloration, acquiring light green, orange and purplish-red hues (on older leaves below). At the same time, the petioles and veins of the leaves also become reddish. A lack of nitrogen is accompanied by early leaf fall, a reduction in the number of inflorescences and fruits, and slower growth of shoots. The shoots become brownish-red, thin and short, the fruits become smaller, and their color changes to brighter. In stone fruits, nitrogen starvation may be accompanied by reddening of the bark. Strawberries do not form whiskers well. In an apple tree, young leaves do not reach normal sizes, and the angle of inclination of the petiole to the shoot becomes acute. Indicator plants: tomatoes, potatoes, apple trees, strawberries.

If there is a lack of nitrogen, plants are fed with ammonium nitrate (2-3 kilograms per 100 m²) or slurry (up to 100 kilograms per 100 m²). For a quick effect, spray with a 0.5% urea solution (50 grams per 10 liters of water). Nitrogen fertilizers are applied at the roots of crops in the spring.

Phosphorus starvation in plants with pronounced external signs occurs quite rarely. Thus, the development of the root system and growth in height slows down in the apple tree. The shoots grow short and thin. The leaves at the ends of the shoots acquire an elongated, narrow shape. Flowering and fruit ripening are delayed, early leaf fall occurs. Old lower leaves change color to bluish-green, sometimes with a bronze tint. The fruits fall off, and the winter hardiness of the crop decreases.

With phosphorus starvation, gooseberry leaves become reddish-purple, currant leaves are covered with small brown spots or have a dark bronze border. In strawberries, old leaves take on a purple-bronze hue. In spring, the buds of trees are in no hurry to bloom. Drying leaves become dark, almost black. Stone fruits have a greenish tint and sour flesh. Phosphorus deficiency in crops most often occurs on acidic light soils with low organic matter content. At the same time, mature trees do not immediately show signs of nitrogen starvation, since they have time to accumulate nutrients and transfer them from the old parts of the tree to the young ones. Indicators - apple tree, peach, black currant, strawberry, tomato.

When plants suffer from a lack of phosphorus, they are fed with superphosphate, and in acidic soils with phosphorite. Fertilizing with organic matter is also effective. For express restoration, crops are sprayed with a superphosphate solution (50 grams per 10 liters of water).

During potassium starvation, the leaves of apple, plum, cherry, gooseberry, and red currants become bluish-green; for pears - dark brown; and in black currants - red-purple. In addition, they often become wrinkled in spring or summer. The main sign of potassium deficiency is the appearance of a rim of drying tissue along the edges of the leaf blade of the lower leaves. In an apple tree this rim can be brown, gray or brown, in plums and cherries it can be brown. Moreover, young leaves may not have such “burns”. Raspberry leaves curl slightly inward, causing the overall color of the foliage to appear greyish (curly). Leaves with torn edges may also appear (as if they were being chewed by insects). The harvest of all crops is of low quality and has a short shelf life. If potassium starvation is very severe, the shoots may die by the end of the season.

It happens that trees develop relatively normally in the spring, but signs of deficiency appear in the summer. Apple fruits ripen unevenly and have a pale color. In autumn it takes a long time for leaves to fall. A red and then a brown border appears on the strawberry leaves. The lack of potassium can be especially severe on highly acidic soils, as well as on those soils to which excess doses of magnesium and calcium have been added. Indicator plants - pear, peach, apple, plum, raspberry, strawberry, currant, beet, tomato.

Calcium deficiency is accompanied by whitening of young leaves, curling, death of growing points and ends of shoots (chlorosis), as well as falling of leaves and newly set fruits. Calcium starvation manifests itself in delayed development of the root system, the formation of new buds and slow growth of the plant as a whole. With a lack of calcium, stone formation is disrupted in stone fruits, and shell formation in nuts is disrupted. The edges of the leaves may appear ragged.

If you notice signs of calcium deficiency in your plants, check the acidity of the soil. If there is such a need, carry out liming. At a neutral pH, starving plants are fed with calcium sulfate. Indicator plants: apple tree, strawberry, currant, plum, cherry, cherry plum, cabbage, cucumbers.

A lack of magnesium is manifested by interveinal chlorosis, that is, the leaves turn red, but their edges and veins continue to remain green for some time. This color resembles a herringbone. The lower leaves of starving plants begin to fall off prematurely. Magnesium deficiency contributes to a decrease in the winter hardiness of crops and their freezing. In gooseberries, magnesium deficiency manifests itself in the form of red stripes along the edges of the leaves. Signs of magnesium deficiency are especially pronounced on light acidic soils.

If you find signs of magnesium deficiency on your plants, after flowering, spray with a solution of magnesium sulfate (20 grams per 10 liters of water). Repeat the procedure 3-4 times every 10 days. Important: if you apply magnesium fertilizers to the soil, they will begin to work only after two years. Indicator plants: tomatoes, potatoes, apple trees.

When a plant lacks manganese, white, light green and red spots appear on its upper young leaves, and the veins of the leaves remain green for a long time (interveinal chlorosis). A lack of manganese can cause brown leaf spot. In this case, adding manganese will help improve the yield and taste of the fruit.

To eliminate manganese deficiency, starving plants are sprayed with a solution of manganese sulfate (500 grams per 10 liters of water before flowering or 10 grams per 10 liters of water after). Indicator plants: cabbage, beets, potatoes.

A lack of boron in plants manifests itself in the form of chlorosis of young leaves: their veins turn yellow, the leaves themselves become smaller, curl, and marginal and apical necrosis appears on them. The leaves fall early. Against the background of increased development of lateral buds, the development of apical buds slows down. The plant blooms weakly and few ovaries appear on it, the fruits are formed ugly. If a plant experiences boron starvation for a long time, the tops of its shoots may die. In apple trees, the pulp of the fruit hardens, in cauliflower the heads become glassy, and in beets the core rots.

To increase the yield of crops during flowering, they are sprayed with boron-containing preparations. If there is a boron deficiency, plants are sprayed with boric acid at the beginning of summer (5 grams of the substance per 10 liters of water). Boron fertilizers are applied to the soil once every three years (500 grams per 100 m²). Indicator plants - tomatoes, beets, raspberries, apple trees.
Copper (Cu) starvation of plants is accompanied by the death of shoot tips and intensive growth of lateral buds. At the same time, the leaves become variegated, pale green, ugly and limp, and brown spots appear on them. The leaf veins contrast sharply with their background. Citrus fruits are particularly vulnerable to copper deficiency. Tomatoes respond well to the addition of copper.

Plants that are regularly treated with preparations containing copper in the spring to prevent diseases do not lack this element. Indicator plants: spinach lettuce, plum, apple tree.

Zinc deficiency manifests itself as narrow, wrinkled and small leaves; as well as brittle, thin, short shoots. The internodes on the branches are short, the fruits are small, deformed and have a thick skin. Brown spots appear in the pulp of stone fruits.

Zinc deficiency can occur in soils with high nitrogen content. To prevent a shortage of this element, alfalfa is grown between the rows in the garden or garden. Indicator plants: apple, peach, cherry, cherry, pear, tomatoes, beans, soybeans.

A manifestation of iron deficiency are yellowed and discolored leaves (in whole or in part). Starving plants grow slowly, the edges of their leaves die, and the fruits become small. The harvest is reduced, the foliage falls prematurely. The tops of tree shoots may dry out.

Iron deficiency usually occurs with excessive liming. In this case, the leaves on fruit and berry crops turn completely white. To replenish iron reserves, iron sulfate in the form of a solution or powder is added to each plant in September. In the spring, spray twice with a solution of iron sulfate (50 grams per 10 liters of water). Indicator plants: plum, cherry, pear, apple tree.

Molybdenum deficiency most often occurs in cauliflower on acidic sandy soils. Starvation is accompanied by the death of the growth point. Molybdenum deficiency is caused by excess nitrogen, swampy soils, and dry or cold periods. As a result, the leaf blades are underdeveloped and the cabbage head practically does not set. Old leaves become chlorotic.

Very often in practice one can observe a deficiency of several batteries at once. Consequently, the signs of starvation are combined. For example, when a plant simultaneously lacks phosphorus and potassium, it grows poorly, but there are no special symptoms. If the deficiency is experienced for too long, the lower part of the shoots and leaf petioles may take on a purple hue. With a lack of phosphorus and nitrogen, the leaves begin to grow at an acute angle to the shoot, becoming light green and hard. Plants often refuse to bear fruit. With a simultaneous lack of magnesium and an excess of potassium, gray rot of the fruit develops in strawberries. If a crop experiences a simultaneous lack of potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus (the three most important elements), it develops poorly, bears fruit poorly, and its fruits have very few seeds.

SIGNS OF NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY AND EXCESS IN PLANTS

SIGNS OF NUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES AND EXCESSES

IN PLANTS

nitrogen - pale green coloring of the lower leaves, the leaves are small, the stem is thin, fragile, yellowing and blanching of the leaf begins with the veins and adjacent areas, there are no green veins on the leaf that has turned yellow from a lack of nitrogen; Acidic soils can increase nitrogen starvation.

phosphorus - dark green, bluish color of leaves, growth slows down, leaf dying increases, flowering and ripening are delayed, with severe starvation brown or red-brown spots appear that turn into holes; most often found on light acidic soils with low organic matter content.

potassium - yellowing, browning of leaf tips, curling of leaf edges towards the bottom, brown spotting develops, especially along the edge of the leaf, the veins seem immersed in the leaf tissue; signs of potassium starvation are clearly expressed on highly acidic soils and with excessive application of calcium and magnesium.

magnesium - lightening of the leaves, spots of white, pale yellow appear between the veins, color change to yellow, red, purple, while the veins and adjacent parts remain green, the tip of the leaf and edges are bent, wrinkled, the leaf takes on a curved shape;

clearly manifests itself on light acidic soils and with excessive application of potassium. calcium - necrosis (death) of the edges of leaves, apical buds, roots, leaves are chlorotic, curved, their edges curl upward, leaves are irregular in shape, the edges may have brown scorch; deficiency is often caused by excess potassium supplementation.

gland - uniform chlorosis between the veins, pale green, yellow color of the leaves without tissue death; most often occurs due to excessive liming of the soil.

boron - death of apical buds, roots, leaves, falling of ovaries, young leaves are small, pale, severely deformed;

copper - growth retardation, death of the shoot apex, awakening of lateral buds. The leaves are variegated, pale green with brown spots, limp and ugly.

manganese - chlorosis between the veins of the leaf - yellowish-green or yellowish-brown spots appear on the upper leaves between the veins, the veins remain green, which gives the leaf a variegated appearance. Subsequently, areas of chlorotic tissue die, and spots of various shapes and colors appear. Signs of deficiency appear primarily on young leaves and primarily at the base of the leaves, rather than at the tips as with potassium deficiency.

sulfur - slower growth of stems in thickness, pale green leaves without tissue death. Signs of sulfur deficiency are similar to signs of nitrogen deficiency; they appear primarily on young plants.

zinc - small, wrinkled, narrow leaves, speckled due to interveinal chlorosis, thin, short shoots, characteristic “rosette”, branches with short internodes.

Signs of excess nutrients in plants:

With an excess of nitrogen, the leaves become dark green, large and juicy, flowering (and ripening of fruits in lemon, orange, etc.) is delayed. In succulent plants (such as cacti, aloe, etc.), excess nitrogen causes thinning of the skin, which bursts, causing the plant to die or leaving ugly scars.

With an excess of phosphorus, which is quite rare, the absorption of iron and zinc in the plant is impaired - interveinal chlorosis appears on the leaves.

With an excess of potassium, a slowdown in growth can also be noted. At the same time, the leaves acquire a darker shade, and new leaves become smaller. Excess potassium leads to difficulty in the absorption of elements such as calcium, magnesium, zinc, boron, etc.

With an excess of sulfur, the leaves gradually turn yellow at the edges and shrink, turning inward. Then they turn brown and die. Sometimes the leaves take on a lilac-brown hue rather than yellow. Excess calcium leads to impaired absorption of the same elements - nitrogen, potassium, as well as boron and iron. Which manifests itself as interveinal chlorosis of leaves and the appearance of light, shapeless spots of dying leaf tissue.

With an excess of magnesium, the roots of the plant begin to die, the plant stops absorbing calcium, and symptoms occur that are characteristic of a calcium deficiency.

Excess iron occurs quite rarely, and the growth of the root system and the entire plant stops. The leaves take on a darker shade. If, for some reason, the excess of iron turns out to be very strong, then the leaves begin to die and fall off without any visible changes. With an excess of iron, the absorption of phosphorus and manganese is difficult, so signs of a deficiency of these elements may also appear.

Excess boron begins with the old lower leaves. At the same time, small brown spots appear on the leaves, gradually increasing in size and leading to the death of leaf tissue.

An excess of manganese, in contrast to its deficiency, appears more often on acidic soils. As a result of an excess of manganese in plant cells, the chlorophyll content decreases, so the symptoms will be the same as with a lack of magnesium, i.e. Interveinal chlorosis begins, primarily from old leaves, and brown necrotic spots appear. The leaves wrinkle and fly off.

Excess copper is also extremely harmful to the plant. It manifests itself in the fact that the plant’s development is inhibited, brown spots appear on the leaves, and they die. The process begins with the lower, older leaves.

An excess of molybdenum leads to impaired absorption of copper, with corresponding signs of a deficiency of this element.

Mineral fertilizers for plants are used according to the instructions, the main thing is not to do harm and not to overdo it with the quantity and frequency of fertilizer application.

Substances accumulate in the plant and can interfere with the absorption of others. There are a number of signs by which you can determine an excess of minerals and take action based on this. This is very important to monitor, as the plant may get sick or die in the future. In time, the assistance provided will save young shoots and help preserve the future harvest.

EXCESS OF MINERAL FERTILIZER, SIGNS

What signs indicate an excess of certain mineral fertilizers?

Nitrogen

Violating the ratio of nitrogen and potassium will delay the ripening of shoots. If there is insufficient water supply, young roots may die. Applying nitrogen fertilizers above the norm will provoke strong vegetative growth, while almost no flower buds are formed. Boron The lower edges of the leaves turn brown, brown spots appear, and the leaves fall off.

Iron

With an excess of iron, the supply of manganese, copper, molybdenum, zinc, and phosphorus to the plant is reduced.

Potassium

Peduncles are shortened, flower color deteriorates, leaves quickly turn yellow. The absorption of magnesium and calcium is reduced.

Calcium

Leads to a deficiency of potassium and magnesium, the availability of manganese, boron, iron, and zinc decreases. The plant ages faster and leaves fall off earlier.

Mania

Leads to deficiency of calcium, potassium, iron.

Copper

With frequent use of preparations with copper against pests and diseases. When copper accumulates in plant roots, the supply of iron to plants decreases.

Molybdenum

The color of the leaves begins to change.

Sodium

Increases the concentration of water-soluble salts and impedes the intake of calcium, magnesium, and potassium.

Phosphorus

Premature aging of the plant. It hinders the availability of iron, zinc and others.

Chlorine

The accumulation of chlorine is associated with large amounts of manure and potassium fertilizers.

Zinc

Transparent watery spots appear on the lower leaves of plants along the main vein. The leaf blade with irregularly shaped outgrowths becomes uneven, and then tissue necrosis occurs and the leaves fall off.