What to do if a child has an allergy. Allergies in a child: what to do if allergies begin? Therapy for newborns

Allergy is a defensive reaction to various stimuli. It can be food, cosmetics, dust and more. For some people they are familiar things, for others they are allergens. The disease is often genetically transmitted. Therefore, children whose parents suffer from an allergic reaction are more likely to develop an allergic reaction. Moreover, an allergy in a newborn can be completely different from the parent.

Moms and dads should be attentive to the baby. It is important to identify the disease in time, distinguish the allergen and begin treatment. Today, an allergic reaction occurs among 30% of young children worldwide.

Factors that cause allergies

The factor that can cause a negative reaction in a child is different. The most common type is a food allergy. Moreover, the products can be consumed by both the baby and the mother. Do not forget that along with milk, every element of food that a nursing mother ate enters the child's body. Therefore, it is important to monitor the diet while breastfeeding.

There are the following causes of allergies:

• Abuse by a nursing mother of allergenic foods (citrus fruits, chocolate and other sweets, pastries, eggs, etc.). Recommended menu for breastfeeding under the heading;
• Cow protein and early transfer of an infant to artificial feeding with cow's milk, milk formulas or kefir. When and how to introduce complementary foods, read the article “”;
• Heredity;
• Medicines used by mother or baby;
• Adverse environmental impact;
• Viruses, vaccines and inoculations;
• Products introduced into complementary foods. What can and cannot be given to an infant, read;
• Cosmetics and household chemicals (creams and powders for children, soap and washing powder);
• Household allergens (animal dander and plant pollen, house dust and pillow feathers).

Many children in the first weeks of life suffer from an allergic reaction. So, in the first 20 days after birth, the child develops a rash on the skin. The reason for this phenomenon may be the mother's hormones, which the baby receives in the womb. The body adapts to new conditions, resulting in small red spots on the face and neck. Such a rash goes away after three to four weeks on its own.

Typical allergy symptoms, in addition to rashes, include redness, roughness and dryness of some areas of the skin. Additional symptoms are also distinguished, including green stools, coughing and sneezing, runny nose and severe itching. Let's take a closer look at what an allergy looks like in infants.

How does allergy manifest itself?

Allergies manifest themselves in different ways. It depends on the type of allergen and the individual characteristics of the development of the child. Depending on the type of reaction, the symptoms of the disease are distinguished. The following types of allergies are distinguished:

• Atopic species affect the skin, eyes and nasal cavity, sometimes the lungs. This category includes dermatitis, urticaria, various edema and allergic lung diseases (asthma, pneumonitis, etc.). Children with such problems may have uneven weight gain and increased stubborn diaper rash;
• infectious species appear due to bacteria and fungi. Typical symptoms include skin manifestations, runny and stuffy nose, coughing and watery eyes, swelling and malaise, in arthritis, joint pain and fever in the affected areas.

There are other options for what an allergy looks like in infants. After all, every child reacts differently. In a baby, a negative manifestation can be not only in the respiratory organs and on the skin. The reaction can also manifest itself from the intestines. These are bloating and pain in the abdomen, diarrhea and other problems with stools, regurgitation and vomiting. In this case, there are problems in weight gain.

Keep in mind that redness of the cheeks does not always indicate an allergy. Red cheeks are typical symptoms of diathesis, which is a borderline condition between an allergic disease and a healthy state. As a rule, diathesis is manifested due to the use of any products.

When does the allergy go away?

Rashes and redness of the skin begin 1-1.5 hours after interaction with the allergen. Food allergy from the intestines manifests itself within two days. That is why, when introducing a new product into the diet, nursing mothers are advised to observe the reaction of the newborn for two days.

How long an allergy lasts in a baby depends on several factors. First of all, it is contact with the allergen and types of reaction. If you exclude the pathogen immediately, then the reaction will pass in a few hours. But it will not be possible to quickly eliminate the reaction to food, since it takes time for digestion, complete elimination of the product from the body and subsequent rehabilitation. Allergy symptoms after the exclusion of the pathogen from the menu during breastfeeding will last another two to three weeks. The time depends on the amount of food taken.

The duration is also affected by the effectiveness and efficiency of treatment, the state of immunity. The stronger the immunity in children, the faster the body will cope with the disease.

How to help a baby

When an allergic reaction occurs in a child, parents immediately ask themselves what to do and how to treat. The skin rash that appears in the first weeks due to mom's hormones will go away on its own. Treatment in this case is not necessary. Do not remove or treat red spots with cotton swabs! This will lead to the spread of spots on the skin on the entire body.

If the allergy is not caused by hormones, then treatment should begin with a diet. Eliminate allergenic foods from your diet. You can not take various means and drugs for children, since self-medication can only aggravate the condition of the child! To determine the form of allergy, consult a doctor. Only a specialist can prescribe the right treatment!

How to help a child with allergies:

• A hypoallergenic diet that doctors advise every mother to use in the first 1-1.5 months of lactation. Such nutrition will reduce the risk of the risk of an allergic reaction and help to cope with the disease that has already appeared. Read about the principles of nutrition with a hypoallergenic diet at the link /;
• Often the cause of food allergies is cow protein. Eliminate such foods from the diet, especially cow's milk. The well-known pediatrician Komarovsky does not recommend drinking until 4-6 months after the birth of the child;
• Keep a perfect clean in the house. Remember that dust is the strongest allergen that can cause various diseases and complications. Perhaps with allergies, you will have to remove soft toys, carpets and fur bedspreads from the room, which collect dust in large quantities;
• Wash at high temperature with hypoallergenic soap or powder and rinse thoroughly. Linens are washed at least twice a week. Choose duvets and pillows with hypoallergenic synthetic filling. Often, an allergy in a newborn appears due to feather bedding;
• With artificial or mixed feeding, an allergy in a newborn may be due to an incorrectly selected milk mixture. In case of a negative reaction, use hypoallergenic products without bovine protein. How to choose the right mixture, read the article "".

In case of allergies and a child, in no case do not stop breastfeeding! After all, it is breast milk that forms and strengthens the immune system, which is able to quickly fight an allergic reaction. Only mother's milk saturates the body of children with the necessary vitamins and useful elements to the fullest.

Remember that allergies are a disease. Therefore, if you find symptoms, consult a doctor immediately. He will prescribe tests that will help identify the allergen. After exclusion of the pathogen, the symptoms of the disease decrease and gradually disappear.

It is strictly forbidden to start self-treatment and use medicines! Only a specialist will correctly select drugs that will quickly cope with the disease and will not harm the baby. There are various means for children.

Allergy Remedies for Babies

(20 pieces) Fenistil dropsRelieves itching and burning, eliminates tearing, eliminates allergy symptoms, but causes drowsinessFrom 1 month, course - up to three weeks360-400 rubles

(20 ml) Drops Zyrtec (Cetirizine) Has antihistamine and anti-inflammatory effects, but has a number of side effects, including nausea, insomnia and excitability, From 6 months 200 rubles

(7 pieces of 10 mg) Fenistil-gel Applied to the skin, but not suitable for large, inflamed or affected areas of the skin From 1 month 380 rubles (100 gr) Enterosgel Paste for oral administration. Removes toxins from the body, relieves allergy symptoms and strengthens the walls of the intestines.Any age category350 rubles (100 gr)

Prohibited drugs for newborns

There are a number of strong drugs that quickly relieve negative symptoms and are quickly excreted from the body. However, for infants and young children, they carry a serious risk. These drugs include:

These drugs are addictive and have serious side effects for children. They disrupt the work of nerve cells and coordination in movements, cause lethargy and dizziness, lethargy and apathy. May lead to poisoning.

Seven Ways to Avoid Allergies

We all know that prevention is better than cure. Start allergy prevention from the very birth of your child. The following actions will help to avoid the disease:

1. Hypoallergenic diet during the first month of breastfeeding;
2. In the second month after the birth of the baby, gradually begin to introduce new foods and carefully monitor the well-being of the child for two days. If negative, delay administration for at least four weeks;
3. Follow the principles of nutrition of a nursing mother. Drink plenty of fluids, do not eat foods with preservatives and other chemicals. In the first months, avoid brightly colored fruits and vegetables. Raw fruits are introduced no earlier than 4-5 months. Eat boiled and baked foods. Avoid too fatty and sweet, salty and fried foods.
4. Keep breastfeeding as long as possible. Remember that breast milk is the best prevention of disease in young children;
5. Observe a hypoallergenic lifestyle, which includes daily wet cleaning, the absence of animals and flowers, the use of hypoallergenic hygiene products, household items (powders, etc.) and natural materials (clothes, bedding, etc.);
6. Do not take medicines and do not give medicines to a baby unless absolutely necessary and without consulting a doctor;
7. Lead a healthy lifestyle with your baby. Do gymnastics for children and walk more often in the fresh air. And it hardens the body, strengthens the immune system, and helps to avoid diseases and infections.

Nursing mothers should not forget about their own health. Proper nutrition, exercise, a healthy lifestyle will have a positive effect on the well-being of the baby.

Hello dear reader, the topic of this article is “Allergy in a child to everything, what to do, how to identify, and how to cure?”

We will be discussing what moms should do if their baby shows symptoms of an allergy to all or most of the foods. We will also talk about how to find out what exactly an allergy can be, what a cross allergy is, and how to deal with it, whether it is necessary to make complementary foods for babies, how often and how to feed a child over 3 years old, who also has signs of severe allergies, and also how to eat a nursing mother.

This article will show you how to deal withhypersensitivity at the toddler.

Why does a child develop an allergy to all foods?

Infants are the most susceptible to allergy manifestations. This is due to the fact that everything is new for the baby’s body, the gastrointestinal tract is not fully formed, and the microflora in the intestine is practically absent.

And therefore, when feeding a child a new food product, his body may not break down all the incoming fats, proteins and carbohydrates to the desired molecular state.

Due to the increased absorption of the intestines, large, not fully processed molecules enter the bloodstream. Here they settle on the blood vessels, to which the immune system begins to react sharply and produce globulin E. And it, in turn, produces protective substances (antigens) for a foreign molecule.

And with the repeated penetration of the “alien molecule” into the body, an allergic reaction will be observed.

In this regard, complementary foods begin to be introduced to babies at the age of 6 months. Under the strictest ban: meat, dairy, eggs, fish.

Symptoms of a food allergy.

Food allergies can manifest themselves on the skin, anomalies of the respiratory system and the gastrointestinal tract.

Skin symptoms:

• nettle fever (otherwise urticaria);
• angioedema edema ( Quincke's edema);
• scabies baby( strofulus);
• atopic dermatitis.

Symptoms of an allergic reaction to the respiratory system:

• allergic rhinitis
• bronchial asthma

Allergy manifestations for the gastrointestinal tract:

• diarrhea
• flatulence
• constipation
• vomit
• nausea
• regurgitation.

For children up to a year, proteins of milk, banana, rice, chicken eggs, meat, and gluten are allergenic.

The manifestation of the disease in babies who were artificially fed is several times higher than in toddlers on a natural type of nutrition. If you do allergy tests, it may turn out that there is a reaction not to one protein, but to several (three or more) at once.

But that doesn't mean that the child is allergic to all foods at once.

How can I find out what my baby is allergic to?

To determine which product is hypersensitivity, you need to come to an appointment with an immunologist.

He will prescribe tests, the so-called allergy tests . This diagnosis is carried out during the recession of the disease. Appointedhypoallergenicdiet, loads and stresses for a period of 7-10 days are contraindicated.

Then, in the laboratory, scratches are applied to the child's body in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe forearm or back, which are covered with an allergen. After a short period of time, the result of the reaction appears.

Tests are carried out during the period of remission.

But if the child is allergic to everything what to do when it is not possible to remove the symptoms of the disease?

For this, there are other diagnostic methods:

• Radioallergosorbent test (RAST);
• ELISA;
• PRIST;
• MAST.

The most appropriate tests in your case will be prescribed by your doctor.

Reactions between allergens that may overlap.

Often, parents who know that their baby is allergic to seafood simply exclude them from the diet of their child.

But there are cases when this product was not used, and the symptoms appeared.

This phenomenon is called cross-allergy.

To identify it, there are certain tables, oronline calculatorto calculate allergens that intersect. But, in view of the fact that the body of each person is special, the immune system works individually for everyone. Therefore, these calculation methods may not always be accurate.

An example of a cross-allergy table. You can make such a table by consulting your doctor.

To obtain reliable results, you need to familiarize yourself with the classification of allergens. The fact is that some proteins have a partial similarity with others.

These areas are called ethyls , they determineimmunoreactivity.

Allergens are divided according to the nature of their effect on the body:

Internal- damage to protective elements, which leads to a reaction of the body to its own tissues. This happens, for example, after an eye injury.

External - child is allergic to everything can be manifested precisely due to exogenous proteins. They, in turn, are divided into infectious and non-infectious.

To the second - pollen, household, food, insect, epidermal, medicinal.

Basically, immunological practice notes the relationship between food and pollen irritants. In this case, the reaction can take part any allergens.

Types of manifestation of a cross reaction:

• With obvious symptoms - if an allergy in a child to all products, made from cow's milk, that is, there is a high probability of a reaction to beef. With the negative influence of a chicken egg, a cross-reaction may occur on a pillow of feathers or on chicken meat.
• Not always pronounced symptoms - this includes the so-called reaction latex fruit ( cysteine-containingfruit and pollen).
• No clinical manifestations - determined only immunoassays.

You can also consider a few detailed examples:

Apples. Cross reaction to pollen of alder, birch, wormwood. You can also add pears, plums and quince.

Bananas. Plantain pollen, melon, wheat gluten latex.

Yeast, which are part of kefir, provoke an interaction with yeast dough products, mushrooms, some types of cheeses, penicillin and drinks with yeast cultures.

Peanut. If this product is unresponsive, a cross-reaction may develop with tomatoes, peas, bananas, latex, stone fruits and berries.

beans. May be accompanied by sensitivity to mango, peanut, pea, soy, alfalfa.

Diet therapy - what is it?

Diet therapy is a complexslightly allergenicproducts that are prescribed by a nutritionist or pediatrician.

If the baby is on a natural type of nutrition, then the nursing mother must strictly adhere tohypoallergenicdiet, it will protect the child to the maximum extent from the manifestations of allergies.

Mixed or formula-fed babies are more likely to suffer from allergies.

When symptoms appear, it is necessary to feed the baby with other mixtures. For example, with a base on goat's milk or a mixture with dissolved protein, adapted soy and sour milk mixtures.

How to eat for breastfeeding women?

After the birth of a child, the mother's diet may consist of cereals and soups boiled in water. In the future, meat, fish, dairy products (especially sour-milk products) are gradually introduced.

• orange or red fruits
• fried foods
• Meat or fish broths
• Spicy dishes
• Chocolate and confectionery

Full video guide in the topic "How to eat a nursing mother?"

What is baby food?

When the child reaches six months, they begin to introduce complementary foods. These are gradual small amounts of food that allow a small body to get used to the intake of everyday food in its diet.

When should the first feeding be started?

Depending on the state of health of the child, the pediatrician, when examined at 6 months, may prescribe the introduction of complementary foods.

Perfect for thisfreshly boiledgrated vegetables.

It is better to start with one component. For the first time, the volume should not exceed a teaspoon.

With a normal reaction, it can be increased, and little by little, introduce new vegetables. The composition of such a puree may include: potatoes, zucchini, cabbage, squash.

In winter, you can use frozen vegetable mixtures or canned vegetable baby food.

When to start second feeding?

Two months later, when the body has coped with the first complementary foods, you can begin to introduce him to cereals.

They can be in the form of store mixes or cooked on their own.

The most important conditions are without milkiness and gluten free. Failure to meet these criteria may result in child allergic to all cereals and dairy products.

If porridge is cooked at home, you need to add a few drops of vegetable oil to it. Because for normal development, fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins that it contains are necessary.

Is a third meal necessary?

Sooner or later, the baby's body will have to deal with animal protein. Therefore, they introduce a third or meat complementary food.

To do this, it is better to use the meat of a rabbit, turkey, horse, lamb.

Beef is not suitable for complementary foods, because some babies are allergic to cow's milk protein. This may lead to increased sensitivity to this type of meat.

We discussed this topic in the section on cross-allergens.

This complementary food, like the previous ones, must be introduced gradually and observe the baby's reaction to each of the varieties of this product.

The main condition for the third feeding is carefully cooked meat, the broth must be drained several times during cooking. After cooking, it is crushed blender and mashed into puree.

Also, from 10 months, green fruits can be introduced into the diet.

Closer to the year, pears, plums, bananas are gradually given. At the same time, they are strictly controlleddigestibility, the condition of the stool and the appearance of diathesis.

Sour-milk products are less allergenic than milk, and therefore, they start with kefir, and then cottage cheese is added to the diet.

But if the child is allergic to everything which is associated with milk protein, this food product must be removed from the diet altogether.

How to reduce the level of product allergens?

How unsurprising, but allergenicity products can be reduced. It all depends on the type and method of cooking.

Meat. During cooking, all harmful substances and preparations that are used to raise animals are released. The more often the broth is drained, the less allergens remain in the meat.

Potato. Requires thorough grinding and pre-soaking for 12-14 hours. In this case, it is better to replace the water several times. Excess starch, nitrates and other unhealthy substances will “leave” into the water.

cereals. They also need to be soaked for up to 2 hours. When growing, pesticides, herbicides and other pesticides are used, from which it is better to protect the child.

Fruits. Allergenicity reduces the cooking or baking process.

How to eat for children over 3 years old?

Upon reaching this age, a decrease in the symptoms of the disease may be observed, or vice versa, the child may begin to be allergic to everything at once.

What to do if things got worse.We can definitely say that at 3 years it is much easier to replace or exclude inappropriate products.

Subject to diet therapy for children over 3 years old, a phased method is used, which is of particular benefit during an exacerbation of the disease.

The first point of this therapyinvolves eliminating all potential allergens from the diet.

Introduction of only safe food. It will take several weeks to adhere to this diet, after which the allergen is diagnosed.

Second point.It implies the preparation of a personal diet, the main purpose of which is to eliminate all the symptoms of the disease for at least one month (persistent remission).

That is, allergens should stop entering the baby's body.

Third point.After stabilization of the condition, you can, with extreme caution, begin to introduce products that are manifested an allergy in a child. For all these measures must be viewed with great care.

The first attempt can be started with a few grams and in the absence of symptoms, gradually increase the portion. If the reaction did not follow in the future, then you can enter the next product.

But do not forget, it is very important to control the general condition of the baby. A diary will help with this, in which the reaction to everything eaten will be clearly displayed.

And so, at the end of this article, it should be noted that parents whose children are prone to allergies will have to face many difficulties on the way to the health of the child.

But it can be said with certainty that child allergic to all foods it can not be. You need to look for suitable components of the diet and identify allergens.

This is the main step in the treatment of this disease.

What is important to remember?

The first thing you need to know is that allergies do not appear because you feed the baby with poor quality products, but because the baby’s body is not yet strong, the immune system is not strong enough, the gastrointestinal tract is not formed.

All this together can cause allergies - even from the safest product!

Second. Cross-allergy is the ability to manifest an allergy to foods that may contain similar allergens. For example, if a baby is allergic to milk, it is quite possible that an allergy may also appear to cow meat. Or for cottage cheese.

Therefore, it is important to remember that if you see an allergy in your baby to milk, for example, you should carefully give him cow meat in his diet - because it may contain a cross-allergen that can also cause an allergy.

Third. Remember to feed your baby. Do this carefully, because at the time of feeding, you need to monitor all indicators of his health!

Because any product that the baby has not eaten before can cause an allergy.

Treat your food responsibly and your baby will thank you...

See you in the next article!

What is an allergy in children? What are its symptoms? How to avoid childhood allergies, and how to treat it if it was not possible to avoid it.

Children from wealthy families are more likely to have dermatitis, urticaria and other manifestations of allergies. This disease does not appear from a bad life, but from a very good one.

Clean hands, carefully laundered clothes, a plentiful and varied diet .... We are accustomed to consider all this as a guarantee of health. It turns out that the same thing can cause allergies in children.

How to get your immune system working again?

What is an allergy in children?

Allergy is one of the "youngest" diseases. Previously, when most of the world's population lived from hand to mouth, dressed poorly, often froze and rarely washed, no one had heard of this disease. Now most children are reliably protected from dirt, disease and hunger. But the body is designed in such a way that it constantly strives to protect the baby from threats. And if there are no threats, he takes harmless things for very dangerous ones, and begins to defend himself against them.

An allergy is an inadequate response of the immune system to some kind of irritant - an allergen. It enters the body of the baby in different ways.

It depends on the type of allergy. She may be:

• food. The first thing to do is to identify a child's allergy to a formula or cow's milk protein. 90% of food allergies are a reaction to 6 foods: eggs, soy, wheat, dairy products, peanuts, seafood.
• Medicinal. As a rule, this is a reaction not to one drug, but to a whole group.
• Contact. It can be a rash from washing powder, dye in clothes, or even irritation from the cold.
• Respiratory. response to what we breathe. An allergy in a child to cats is the most striking example of an immune failure. Toddlers may have problems with house dust, plant pollen, or harsh perfumes.
• Insect sting reaction. Most often it is an allergy to wasps or bees. It is especially dangerous for young children, as it causes severe swelling. The child's airways are so narrow that swelling can easily block them, causing suffocation.

Allergy symptoms in children

There are several phenomena that are easy to confuse with allergies. If the baby coughs heavily and sniffs from tobacco smoke, this does not mean that his immune system has failed. This is a natural defensive reaction to a really harmful stimulus.

On the other hand, if a one-year-old child ate a pound of tangerines and was “sprinkled”, this does not mean that he is allergic to citrus fruits. It's just that the baby's body is not able to absorb so much. Next time, start with one slice, and if there is no reaction, increase the portion to a reasonable size.

Causes of allergies in children

It is impossible to list all the causes of allergies.

Doctors say that excessive hygiene may be contributing to the spread of this disease. The abundance of chemical products in our lives may also matter. For example, household chemicals, dyes and synthetic fibers in clothes, or dyes and food additives in food.

Allergy has been linked to heredity. If the parents are susceptible to this disease, then the child is likely to inherit it too. And yet, scientists emphasize: allergies are associated with these factors, but there is no causal relationship.

Food allergies in children

Food allergies in children are often the result of overeating.

The famous pediatrician Yevgeny Komarovsky comments on this as follows: “When we eat any food, we need to break down the protein that is part of this food. In order to break down protein, enzymes are needed. If there are a lot of enzymes and little food, then there is no allergy. But more often the situation is completely opposite, when a mother and two grandmothers with spoons rush after one child, and he shouts: “I don’t want to!” Why doesn't he want to? Because intestinal juices have not been developed, there are not enough enzymes. They feed him, the food does not split, and everyone says: unfortunate child!

Video: Food Allergy

Allergy in a child to cats and other animals

Cause contact allergy dry air and intense heat in the room where the child lives can become. In such an environment, the skin and mucous membranes lose a lot of moisture and become sensitive. As a result, washing powder, poorly rinsed out of clothes, causes severe itching and hives. And a hamster or cat that gets into the respiratory tract causes coughing and leads to allergies to other animals.

Dust allergies are more likely to occur in a home where there are many "dust collectors" - carpet on the floor, soft toys in all corners, books in the sideboard, displayed "for decoration".

And the cause of drug allergies is often the uncontrolled use of antibiotics.

Allergy symptoms: how to recognize an immune failure

Treatment for allergies in children depends on the symptoms. By the place of their manifestation, one can judge the way the allergen enters the body, which means that it is easier to identify the allergen itself.

The main symptom of a respiratory allergy is a runny nose, sneezing and nasal congestion. If the allergen is not eliminated, and the reaction progresses, then the symptoms go further into the airways. There may be bronchospasm, difficulty breathing, shortness of breath. All this leads to asthma.

Allergic people often have reddened and sore eyes upon contact with an irritant. This is allergic conjunctivitis. Hearing may be impaired, there is pain in the ears.

The most telling symptoms of contact allergies are skin rashes. It could be eczema, dermatitis, or hives. Pay attention to the places where it "poured out". It happens that the baby itches all over the body, but it is clean under the diaper. So, the problem is in the washing powder or poor-quality clothing fabric. After all, the skin under the diaper is the only protected place. Are the rashes symmetrical in the crooks of the elbows, abdomen, and groin? This is how food allergies work.

Allergy symptoms in a child. Photo

The most serious consequence of an allergy is anaphylactic shock. It can develop within seconds of being stung by a bee or eating a peanut by mistake. First, there is severe pain, swelling and redness at the site of contact with the allergen. Then the itching spreads throughout the body, the pressure drops. This can lead to fainting, coma, and even death.

In the case of a food allergy, the first symptoms may be vomiting, nausea, diarrhea and swelling of the mouth.

If the doctor cannot recognize the allergy by the symptoms, he will prescribe tests. This may be a blood test or a skin test. But you need to know how to pass an allergy test in children correctly. For example, blood should not be taken from babies under three years of age. At this age, immunity has not yet formed, and the result may be inaccurate. For skin tests, several tiny incisions are made on the body, and allergens are injected into them. Which of the samples will give a reaction, that will show the cause of the allergy.

Treatment of allergies in children: pills or healthy lifestyle (healthy lifestyle)?

Doctors can offer different drugs and medicines for allergies in children. They differ in the form of release. These can be tablets that relieve the general reaction, and ointments that relieve the local one. There are drugs in injections that are necessary to relieve swelling in anaphylactic shock. Hormonal infections are very effective, but should not be used for more than three days due to severe side effects. Inhalers are indispensable for allergy sufferers suffering from bronchial asthma and severe forms of respiratory allergies.

Drugs and medicines for allergies in children

According to the mechanism of action, there are:

1. Antihistamines
2. Hormonal drugs
3. Cromons

Antihistamines reduce the effect of histamine, a substance that triggers most of the manifestations of allergic inflammation. Cromones strengthen the membranes of cells that contain this histamine and prevent it from being released.

Hormonal preparations have a different mechanism, depending on the hormone used.

Probiotics and beneficial bacteria for allergies in children

In the past, one of the main ways to treat food allergies was an enema. Now in the arsenal of doctors there are

preparations with probiotics that will help restore the disturbed microflora in the intestine without such radical means. By the way, they help with other types of allergies.

In children suffering from this disease, the work of the gastrointestinal tract is more often upset. Science has established this a long time ago. But relatively recently, it was found that if you restore the disturbed balance in the intestines, then the immune system will get stronger, and the manifestations of allergies will become less frequent. For this purpose, probiotics and other beneficial bacteria are used.

Treatment of allergies in children with folk remedies

This is the arsenal of medicine. Treatment of allergies in children with folk remedies is difficult, because traditional medicine was formed when no one knew about this disease. But traditional medicine knows many means of dealing with the common cold, conjunctivitis and itching.

From the common cold helps milk with birch tar. The drink is drunk in the morning before meals. the first portion is prepared as follows:

RECIPE:

• half a glass of milk
• one drop of birch tar

Within 12 days, the number of drops of tar is gradually increased, bringing it to 12. Then, during the same time, it is reduced to one drop. The course is designed for 24 days.

RECIPE: In case of allergic conjunctivitis, it is recommended to wash the eyes with a decoction of millet groats. This should be done daily half an hour before bedtime.

RECIPE: An unusual recipe for itching is an infusion of Jerusalem artichoke leaves. With skin manifestations of allergies, it can be taken internally, make compresses and even add to the bath.

Home treatment for allergies in children

A lot depends on lifestyle. Parents themselves can help the baby without resorting to pills and ointments.

The best way to overcome an allergy is to eliminate the irritant. If this is not possible, improve the environment in which the baby grows as much as possible. Monitor the temperature and humidity in the children's room. Do not overdo it with soap and household chemicals. Be outdoors more. Do not be afraid to temper a small allergic person. Immunity training is what he needs.

Allergy is an immune failure. Its causes may be very different, but its connection with heredity, excessive hygiene and an abundance of chemistry in the world around us is obvious.

Itching, redness of the skin, runny nose, sneezing, stomach disorders and even anaphylactic shock - this is how allergies manifest in children.

Advice and feedback from parents say that this is a disease that you need to learn to live with. In order not to turn to the arsenal of medicine every time, pay attention to the baby's immunity. Make the house as comfortable as possible for the life of a small allergy sufferer.

Video: Food Allergy Prevention

A skin reaction is determined by an allergy in a child. This is an acute severe disease characterized by dangerous symptoms. Signs can appear on the whole body or only on the face, in places of contact with substances that irritate the immune system. It is important to correctly identify the source of the allergy, identify the cause of the reaction, and immediately start treating the child.

What is an allergy

An adult or childhood allergy is an acute reaction of the immune system to allergens - substances that are harmless to the average person. Symptoms occur in different parts of the body, last from minutes to days, and vary in severity. The immunity of a child and an adult is set up to constantly protect the body from dangerous influences. When such a substance gets inside, processes develop - inflammation, disruption of the functioning of the organ (skin, lungs, eyes, throat, digestive tract). If the protection is too active, allergic factors arise.

A predisposition to them can be observed in a child in any case, but the manifestation of allergies in childhood is especially high if both parents were allergic. If only the mother suffers, the risk remains at 80%, only the father - 30-40%, and if grandparents - 20%. You can identify the allergen with special tests, cure it with the use of antihistamines, folk methods and preventive actions.

What does an allergy look like in children?

The most common manifestation of allergies in children is an itchy rash on the body and face. These are small red vesicles or large spots with a pink tint that may swell. The rash is very itchy, brings discomfort, the child begins to itch. If allergy symptoms appear on the face, then the spots are called hives. It instantly appears after contact with the allergen and goes away without treatment. With a severe lesion of the skin of the body, you should not wait for the rash to go away on its own - call a doctor and take urgent measures.

Contact dermatitis is another type of allergy in children. It is visible only in those places that have been in contact with the allergen. It is caused by cosmetics, metals, clothing fibers, household chemicals. Unlike hives and rashes, atopic dermatitis appears only after prolonged contact, and not immediately. First, the skin itches, then it turns red, dries, bubbles appear, filled with liquid.

Knowing how allergies manifest in children is useful for all parents. This will help protect the child from the complications of the disease, take timely measures to eliminate them and prevent Quincke's edema. Signs of an allergy depend on its type - food manifests itself on the skin, and on dust or pollen - in the respiratory system. The early age of the child becomes the reason for the low visibility of symptoms. To detect them, carefully monitor the baby when introducing new foods into the diet, surrounding him with previously unused household materials.

Allergy in children on the face occurs in the form of urticaria and damage to the respiratory organs. The child begins allergic rhinitis - colorless mucus appears from the nose, the nasopharynx swells, the eyes are watery. The baby can sneeze, rub his nose, suffer from a runny nose for more than 10 days. If during this time there are no signs of a cold (fever, sore throat), then this is an allergy.

Serious respiratory disorders are asthma and allergic-type bronchitis. They are similar to the usual, but can become chronic. The most severe allergic reactions are anaphylactic shock and angioedema. The first is manifested by shortness of breath, blanching of the skin of the face and lips, loss of consciousness. The second is even more dangerous - the child stops breathing due to swelling of the mucous membrane, this condition requires immediate medical attention.

The main symptoms of allergies on the body and abdomen are rashes and blisters. The child begins to itch, sleeps badly, dermatitis and weeping skin areas appear - eczema. Acute urticaria is first located at the site of interaction of the skin with the allergen, if left untreated, it affects the entire body. The rash turns into fluid-filled blisters that cause itching and burning.

The most important cause of an allergy in a child is an acute reaction of the immune system to certain substances. In response to interaction with new or unpleasant components for the body, histamines are produced, causing swelling, redness of the skin and a rash. The cause of coughing and nausea is the inhalation of dust, wool, fluff, the ingestion of certain foods, the application of cosmetics, medicines to the skin, the ingress of pollen and cigarette smoke into the body. Also, the likelihood of allergies increases due to poor environmental conditions, heredity.

Allergy in children under one year old

Common causes of allergies in infants are predisposition to illness and improper feeding, when instead of breast milk the child receives an artificial mixture. This affects the health of the baby - rashes, peeling, intestinal colic, diarrhea, vomiting appear. To maintain health, carefully choose a formula for complementary foods, follow the recommendations of a pediatrician and other doctors on feeding.

Major allergens in children

According to medical data, allergic reactions in children occur due to interaction with allergens. Here are their main groups:

1. Food - cow's milk, fish, caviar, crayfish, lobsters, oysters and other shellfish. 87% of children suffer from allergies to egg whites, many - to rye, wheat, kefir, muffins and kvass. Strong allergens contain vegetables, fruits, berries.
2. Non-food - dyes, flavors, emulsifiers, preservatives that are part of food products.
3. Household - pets, external dust, pillow and blanket fillers, household chemicals.
4. Pollen - dandelions, wormwood, nettle, quinoa, poplar, acacia, wheat bloom.
5. Fungal - echinococcus, schistosome, roundworm, viruses.
6. Epidermal - fibers of synthetic origin.

Types of allergies

According to the types of allergens that cause the manifestation of immune reactions, the following types of allergies are distinguished:

1. Food allergies in children are the most common and are caused by foods high in histamines. It occurs in children under two years of age with dysbacteriosis, too early introduction of complementary foods.
2. On animals - it is more correct to speak not of wool, but of the waste products carried by it. Allergens are saliva, blood, epithelial cells, urine, excrement.
3. On pollen - begins after eight years. According to the period of occurrence of the reaction, the cause is distinguished: from April to May, trees bloom, from June to July - meadow grasses, from August to September - weeds.
4. On drugs - caused by penicillin and its derivatives. A dangerous species threatens anaphylactic shock.
5. On house dust - a hypertrophied reaction to the secretions of small mites living in the dust.
6. On the bites of insects - bees, wasps because of the poison.

Why is allergy dangerous?

If you do not take timely measures to eliminate allergic reactions, then you can get complications:

• allergies become chronic;
• the child receives anaphylactic shock or Quincke's edema;
• symptoms of severe cases are shortness of breath, cold sweat, clammy skin, convulsions;
• if left untreated, death can occur.

In order not to become a victim of allergies, prevention should be carried out, consisting of the following rules:

• introduce milk and eggs into the diet of the baby after a year, after three years - nuts, with caution - red berries;
• thoroughly clean the child's room - twice a week to do wet cleaning, vacuuming;
• exclude the use of a large amount of furniture, carpets, soft toys in the apartment;
• sleep on a pillow, blanket and mattress with hypoallergenic fillers;
• install a humidifier;
• walk more often in the rays of the sun, harden the child;
• keep antihistamines in the medicine cabinet.

Diagnostics

Allergic diseases in children are diagnosed only after a comprehensive examination of the body. It is carried out by an allergist, looks at complaints, features of the development of the disease and the conditions of the course. After that, the diagnostics are assigned:

1. Skin internal tests - allergens are injected under the skin of the forearm in the form of drops with a prick or scratch. The method is painless, gives a presumable result. No more than 15 samples can be taken at a time. The result of the appearance of edema and redness is considered positive.
2. The study of specific antibodies - the analysis establishes a possible group of allergens, is highly sensitive.
3. Provocative tests - used for incomprehensible results after the first two methods. With them, allergens are introduced into the nose, under the tongue and into the bronchi, and the reaction is evaluated.
4. Elimination tests are performed to confirm a specific allergen. Methods consist in removing allergic irritations - a diet, a diary is prescribed, contact with cosmetics, pollen is excluded.

How to determine what a child is allergic to

At home, the question of how to identify an allergen in a child can also be resolved effectively. When breastfeeding, the mother needs to revise the diet, eliminate allergens, replace one artificial mixture with another. During complementary feeding, a woman carefully monitors the condition of the baby, his reaction to food. In older children, determining the cause of the allergy will help:

• food diary;
• attention to the state of tap water, ambient air;
• wash dishes and wash with safe means;
• replacement of cosmetics;
• wet cleaning, excluding the presence of old upholstered furniture, carpets, cats;
• moving to another place - if during the stay there is no allergy, then the problem may be in ticks, mold, dust;
• the period of manifestation of allergies - if it is spring or summer, the reason is the flowering of plants.

How to treat

The first step in the treatment of allergies in children is the removal of the allergen from the environment. Severe cases are treated with antihistamines prescribed by doctors - ointments, tablets, injections. Desensitization is considered a non-drug method, which consists in the gradual introduction of small doses of the allergen into the body over five years. So the body will react less.

Together with antihistamines, the child additionally needs to take vitamins, harden immunity, apply ointments to damaged skin to avoid the formation of dermatitis. Suspensions with anti-allergic properties are taken orally, eliminate the effects of food allergies. Ointments and creams relieve inflammation, nasal corticosteroids relieve allergic rhinitis, bronchodilators relieve asthma, and eye drops relieve conjunctivitis.

Folk remedies

In addition to medicines, traditional medicine methods can alleviate allergic reactions in a child:

• decoctions of duckweed, burdock, dandelion inside;
• baths and lotions from the series, valerian;
• ointments with a string, birch tar;
• intake of propolis, mummy.

Photos of allergies in children

The information presented on the site is for informational purposes only. The materials of the site do not call for self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and give recommendations for treatment based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

What to do with allergies in a child

For severe allergies, refer to paragraph 2 of the article. If you know what triggered an allergic reaction in your baby, immediately go to step 4. What to do with an allergy in a child, depending on its type, is described in it. If there is no clear idea, read the entire material - this is an instruction for action.

1. Determine the severity of the allergic reaction

If the child has a rash, itching occurs on certain parts of the body and does not spread further; if there is sneezing, tearing and itching of the eyes, then this is a mild degree of allergy. In moderate, the same symptoms are observed (rash, itching), but with one difference: they are not limited to specific parts of the body. With a severe allergic reaction, anaphylactic shock may occur, which is characterized by swelling of the pharynx and larynx, pain, vomiting, convulsions, pressure drop, loss of consciousness.

2. Call an ambulance - here's what to do with severe allergies

Before the arrival of the ambulance, the doctor of which will give the injection of adrenaline necessary in this situation, you can calm the child and lay him down so that all the airways are freed.

3. Identify the allergen

Based on the signs of an allergy, you need to find out what exactly caused such a reaction in the body. If the main symptom is a rash or itching, then the “household” allergen is most likely to blame, that is, what the child could touch: animal hair, poisonous plant, cosmetic, jewelry.

If you are worried about nausea, abdominal pain, gas formation and loose stools, the allergen got inside through the esophagus, that is, you should remember what the child ate and drank, what drugs he took in the last 2 days (the reaction may be delayed).

When all the discomfort falls on the eyes: itching, redness, tearing, swelling - look for an allergen among plants (their pollen is allergenic) or household irritants (dust, for example).

Cough, runny nose, sore throat - a consequence of an allergic reaction of the nasopharynx and bronchi to animal hair, dust, spores, pollen.

4. What to do with allergies:

• skin- interrupt contact with the allergen, lubricate the site of an allergic reaction with an antihistamine gel or ointment (" Fenistil» gel, hydrocortisone ointment), show the rash to the doctor;
• food- exclude the allergen from the diet of the child or mother, if the baby is on HB, give an antihistamine (" Eden», « Erius», « Zodak», « Fenistil”) according to the instructions, consult a doctor;
• ophthalmic- ventilate the room, drip anti-allergic eye drops for children (" Cromoglin», « Lecrolin», « Opatanol"), visit a doctor;
• respiratory- ventilate the room, drip spray into the nose (" Bexonase», « Flexonase"") or give an antihistamine (" Zyrtec», « Claritin», « Diazolin”), to be examined by a doctor.

My baby has a pollen allergy. We were also prescribed Zyrtec to relieve allergy symptoms. We drink it in courses. Our eyes are swollen, watery, a runny nose appears, so we cannot do without medicines. I did not notice any side effects, no drowsiness.

advantan ointment helped us a lot in due time and elidel

but fenistil doesn’t help us and it seems to scatter very little now, but a terrible rash on the pope began with spots, we only wear a diaper on the street and then we use the same ones for a year, but it gets worse, I smeared advantan, it started to blush, I washed off right away ((((and our pediatrician is such that she asks me herself, and she is the only one in our city, tell me what to do (((((

my baby is 11 months old, a week and a half ago, a speck in the form of pimples crawled out on the knee, then this speck began to grow and spread throughout the body. We were at the dermatologist, diagnosed atopic dermatitis, prescribed fenistil and ointment for 3 days. the third week, the child is on a strict diet, there are no animals, every other day I wash the floors, I don’t know what to do, tell me

He conducts allergy tests, preferably by donating blood, and not by buttons, to raise immunity.

with allergies, immunity is very high, which is why it reacts so violently

It is doubtful) I myself am allergic and it arose against the background of very low immunity.

We had allergies only once in the hospital. spilled out completely under the diaper - they changed the company of diapers and everything worked out

So far we haven't had any allergies. I hope it won't.)

the same, I hope we don't

ttt, we are not allergic. but a friend with a child is suffering, though now they have found an excellent doctor, let's hope that he will help them)

Have us case periodically and skin, and food. We drink fenistil.

This is a first-generation medicine, there are many side effects, they have a very strong effect on the nervous system, I would advise you to consult with another doctor, he will prescribe a safer medicine for you, we also encountered a food allergy in my son, an allergy to cottage cheese, the reaction is the strongest, we were prescribed zirtek, it is new generation, there are no such side effects, and it helps us well.

If the doctor already knows about the child's illness, a telephone consultation is sufficient.

First aid for allergies

Timely first aid for allergies can save a person's life. After all, this is a fairly serious disease, which is often accompanied by dangerous symptoms.

Therefore, if any life-threatening signs appear, you should call an ambulance and take the necessary measures before it arrives.

Forms of manifestations

Allergies can have a different course, and this has a direct impact on the symptoms of the disease.

Mild forms of allergies usually manifest themselves in the following forms:

• limited urticaria- consists in the defeat of the mucous membranes and skin;
• allergic conjunctivitis- damage to the conjunctiva of the eyes;
• allergic rhinitis- damage to the nasal mucosa.

Severe forms of allergic reactions are a real danger to human health and life and require emergency medical care.

1. anaphylactic shock- consists in a sharp decrease in blood pressure and problems in microcirculation in the organs;
2. angioedema- manifests itself in the form of a spasm of the respiratory muscles and the onset of suffocation, which is a real danger to life;
3. generalized urticaria- accompanied by the development of intoxication syndrome.

How a mild form manifests itself, and what to do

With the development of mild allergic reactions, the following symptoms usually appear:

• slight itching on the skin in the area of ​​​​contact with the allergen;
• lacrimation and slight itching in the eye area;
• unexpressed redness of a limited area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe skin;
• slight swelling or swelling;
• runny nose and nasal congestion;
• constant sneezing;
• the appearance of blisters in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe insect bite.

If these symptoms occur, you need to do the following sequence of actions:

1. thoroughly rinse with warm water the contact area with the allergen - nose, mouth, skin;
2. avoid contact with the allergen;
3. if the allergy is associated with an insect bite and a sting remains in the affected area, it must be carefully removed;
4. apply a cool compress to the itchy area of ​​the body;
5. take an anti-allergy drug - loratadine, zyrtec, telfast.

If the person's condition worsens, you should contact an ambulance or get to a medical facility on your own.

Common symptoms for which it is imperative to call an ambulance

There are allergy symptoms that require immediate medical attention:

• respiratory failure, shortness of breath;
• spasms in the throat, a feeling of closing the airways;
• nausea and vomiting;
• pain in the abdomen;
• hoarseness, speech problems;
• swelling, redness, itching of large areas of the body;
• weakness, dizziness, anxiety;
• increased heart rate and strong heartbeat;
• loss of consciousness.

Symptoms of severe forms

In acute forms of allergies, there are very specific symptoms that require urgent medical attention.

Quincke's edema

This is a fairly common form of allergy in humans, while it is most often observed in young women.

The patient has swelling of the subcutaneous tissue and mucous membranes. When the throat swells, there are problems with breathing and swallowing.

If medical assistance is not provided in time, a person may die from suffocation.

The main symptoms of angioedema include the following:

• respiratory failure;
• hoarseness and cough;
• epileptic seizure;
• asphyxia;
• swelling of the skin.

Hives

With the development of urticaria, bright pink blisters appear on the skin, which are accompanied by burning and itching.

After a few hours, they turn pale, and then completely disappear.

Simultaneously with the development of these symptoms, headaches and fever appear.

Such a process can continue continuously or have an undulating course over several days. In some cases, it lasts several months.

Anaphylactic shock

Symptoms of this condition can manifest themselves in different ways - it all depends on the severity of the allergic reaction.

As a rule, anaphylaxis is characterized by such manifestations:

• red rash accompanied by severe itching;
• swelling around the eyes, lips and extremities;
• narrowing, swelling, spasms of the airways;
• nausea and vomiting;
• sensation of a lump in the throat;
• a taste of metal in the mouth;
• feeling of fear;
• a sharp drop in blood pressure, which can cause dizziness, weakness, loss of consciousness.

severe rash

Severe skin rashes can manifest as eczema.

This condition is characterized by inflammation of the upper layers of the skin. Usually, eczema is accompanied by severe itching and has a long course with periods of exacerbations.

Also, a pronounced rash can manifest itself in the form of atopic dermatitis.

This disease is characterized by the development of erythema with bright reddening of certain areas of the skin and severe swelling of the tissues.

Subsequently, such dermatitis can lead to the appearance of blisters, which, after opening, leave weeping erosions.

First aid for allergies at home with:

Quincke's edema

Treatment of this disease should never be delayed, as it may precede anaphylactic shock.

Ambulance for allergic reactions, which are accompanied by Quincke's edema, should consist in the implementation of the following measures:

1. stopping the entry of the allergen into the body.
2. refusal to eat.
3. administration of antihistamines. Orally, loratadine or cetirizine can be used, suprastin or diphenhydramine is usually prescribed intramuscularly.
4. the use of sorbents. In this case, enterosgel, activated carbon, smecta are suitable. You can also give the person a cleansing enema.

Urticaria

When symptoms of urticaria appear, you need to act according to the following scenario:

1. stop taking medications;
2. in case of an allergic reaction to food, take a sorbent - white coal or enterosgel. You can also drink a laxative and gastric lavage;
3. when bitten by insects, the source of the poison should be disposed of;
4. when a contact allergy appears, it is necessary to remove the irritant from the surface of the skin.

Intravenously, you can enter tavegil, suprastin or diphenhydramine.

If extensive areas of the skin are affected, intravenous administration of prednisone is indicated.

Anaphylactic shock

If the necessary medicines are not available, you need to wash the stomach, make a cleansing enema, give the patient activated charcoal.

Also, in the area of ​​​​contact with the allergen, you can lubricate the skin with an ointment containing hydrocortisone or prednisolone.

You should also carry out the following sequence of actions:

1. stop access to the allergen;
2. lay the person in such a way as to prevent the tongue from falling and the ingestion of vomit;
3. apply a tourniquet above the site of an insect bite or use a drug;
4. intravenously or intramuscularly inject adrenaline, mezaton or norepinephrine;
5. intravenously inject prednisolone with glucose solution;
6. intravenously or intramuscularly inject antihistamines after normalization of blood pressure.

Video: All about anaphylactic shock

severe rash

Before identifying the allergen, you can resort to local remedies to treat allergic rashes.

Therapy should be aimed at eliminating swelling and reducing the sensation of itching of the skin.

To do this, you can moisten the affected areas with cold water or use a cool compress.

To avoid the spread of an allergic rash, you need to protect the affected skin from external factors.

You should also limit the contact of affected areas with water. It is very important that the skin is in contact only with natural cotton fabric.

What to do if you react to:

If an allergy to the sun has led to a loss of consciousness, you should immediately call an ambulance.

Before the arrival of doctors, it is necessary to provide assistance to the victim:

1. try to bring the person to consciousness.
2. it is important to ensure that clothing is loose and does not irritate the skin.
3. provide enough water to make up for the lack of fluid in the body.
4. if the temperature exceeds 38 degrees, you need to apply a cool compress on the forehead, lower legs, groin. If possible, it is necessary to use antipyretic drugs - paracetamol or ibuprofen.
5. when vomiting occurs, a person needs to be turned on his side.

Should Polysorb be used for allergies? The answer is here.

insect bite

An allergy to a bee sting occurs in about 2% of people. Moreover, at the first bite, the reaction may not appear.

If there is a tendency to allergies, with insect bites, a person may develop anaphylactic shock.

In this case, an urgent appeal to an ambulance is necessary, and before its arrival, the following measures must be taken:

1. lay down and cover a person;
2. give the victim several tablets of an antihistamine;
3. in the absence of swelling of the pharynx and tongue, you can give him strong sweet tea or coffee;
4. if breathing or heartbeat stops, artificial respiration and closed heart massage should be done.

food allergen

The rules for helping with food allergies depend on the severity of the reaction. If life-threatening symptoms appear, you should immediately call an ambulance.

In other cases, you can:

1. use sorbents- white coal, enterosgel.
2. take an antihistamine- cetirizine, desloratadine, loratadine.
3. with significant skin damage and severe itching, first-generation antihistamines, suprastin, are used.
4. in severe allergies, hormonal drugs are indicated- dexamethasone, prednisolone.
5. ointments are used to eliminate skin manifestations- fenistil, bepanten, skin-cap. In difficult cases, local hormonal preparations can be used - hydrocortisone or prednisolone ointment.

How to help a child

First aid for allergies in a child is to implement the following measures:

1. seat the baby upright - this position usually helps to ease breathing. If dizziness occurs, it must be put on the bed. If nausea is present, the head should be turned to one side.
2. give the child an antihistamine in any form - syrup, tablets, capsules. If the baby cannot swallow or is unconscious, the tablet must be crushed, mixed with water and poured into his mouth.
3. if the child has lost consciousness, you need to constantly check his pulse, breathing, pupils. If the child is not breathing or his pulse is not felt, you should immediately start resuscitation measures - artificial respiration and heart massage.

What to do if there is a sharp reaction on the face

Emergency care for the appearance of rashes on the face is:

1. cleansing the affected area;
2. then a cool compress based on a decoction of sage, calendula or chamomile should be applied to the cleansed skin;
3. gauze should be changed every two minutes;
4. the total duration of the procedure should be ten minutes;
5. after that, the face can be dried and sprinkled with potato or rice starch - these remedies will help eliminate redness and swelling;
6. the procedure must be repeated several times within an hour.

Do not neglect also antihistamines. If an allergy appears on the face, you can take tavegil, suprastin, loratadine. If the reaction does not go away, you should immediately consult a doctor.

What should always be in a first aid kit

In the first aid kit of a person prone to allergic reactions, the following medicines should always be present:

1. general antihistamine - cetirizine, loratadine, etc.;
2. antiallergic agent for topical use - hydrocortisone ointment, elocom;
3. hormonal anti-inflammatory drug for the relief of attacks of acute allergies - prednisolone.

Doctors recommend that people who have experienced anaphylactic shock at least once have a syringe with adrenaline with them.

This will allow others to help the person with the development of severe allergies.

What to do if there is no first aid kit at hand

With a mild allergic reaction, it is enough to exclude contact with the allergen.

To eliminate rashes and reduce swelling, you can use folk remedies:

If there is a severe allergy, in no case should you self-medicate.

In such a situation, you should immediately contact an ambulance or take the victim to the hospital - any delay can be fatal.

Should I prescribe drops for allergies for the nose? Follow the link.

What is an ointment for allergies from itching? Find out more.

What is strictly forbidden to do

With the development of anaphylactic shock and other severe allergic reactions, it is impossible:

1. Leave a person alone.
2. Give him something to drink or eat.
3. Place objects under the head, as this can lead to increased respiratory failure.
4. Give antipyretics for fever.

If the allergy is associated with an intravenous drug, you do not need to remove the needle from the vein. In this case, it is enough to stop the administration of the drug, and use the syringe in the vein to administer the allergy remedy.

Properly and timely assistance with an allergic reaction can save a person's life.

1. severe skin rashes;
2. respiratory failure;
3. drop in blood pressure

It is necessary to immediately call an ambulance and take all necessary actions before its arrival.

Allergy in children, diet

Methods of treatment with folk remedies

The number of children suffering from allergic diseases is growing every year. According to medical statistics, about 18% of children of different ages suffer from the manifestations of this disease. And every time, mothers ask themselves the question “the child has an allergy, what should I do?”.

Allergy in a one month old baby

Most often (almost always), allergies in infants and children of one month of age appear as a result of the use of allergen products by the mother. It is necessary to exclude from the diet: undiluted milk, milk porridge, fish and seafood, eggs, nuts, chocolate, flour, onions, garlic, citrus fruits, raspberries, mushrooms, food with preservatives and seasonings.

Allergy is called response (hypersensitivity) of the child's immune system to any substances coming from the external environment. The body perceives this substance as potentially dangerous. As a result, protective responses are triggered in the body, which can manifest as a skin rash, runny nose or cough.

Most scientists believe that allergies are nothing more than a hereditary disease. If a child has one of the parents allergic, then there is a huge probability that this disease will manifest itself sooner or later in him.

We can divide allergies into three categories, the first one being allergy to dust, plants, pollen, animals. Such an allergy is called domestic. A food allergy is an allergy caused by fruits such as lemons, oranges, strawberries, it also includes allergies caused by chocolate, eggs and other foods. And the third category of allergies - caused by drugs.

Causes of allergies in children

This disease may appear due to certain reasons. One of these reasons can be improper and poor-quality nutrition. It has long been proven that artificially fed babies are more prone to allergic reactions than babies who, from birth, feed on mother's milk. The fact is that the mixtures contain cow protein, which, in principle, is the strongest allergen. In addition, if a pregnant woman consumed a large amount of allergenic foods, this can also lead to an allergy in an infant.

Another significant reason for the development of allergies can be heredity. If both the father and mother suffer from allergic reactions, then the child has a 75% chance of the disease. If only one of the parents suffers from allergic manifestations, then the probability of an allergy decreases to 35%.

Of great importance is, of course, the state of health of the mother. If the mother's immunity is greatly reduced, there were disturbances in the intestinal microflora, then the likelihood of allergic manifestations in the child increases.

Allergy to cats and dogs.

Allergy to animals (wool) occurs through direct contact with them. The first thing you should not do is touch homeless animals, kiss them. If, nevertheless, there was contact, you need to wash your hands and face with soap, also rinse the nasal passages with soap.

Allergy to cold and frost.

Allergies to frost and cold as such do not exist, since cold does not have an allergen, and there are no antibodies to cold either. Pseudo-allergy is called cold allergy. This is because, in some people, protein tissue cells coalesce when they get cold. As a result, histamine is released. The second reason for such an allergy is hidden diseases. With strong immunity, good functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, allergies to cold are less common. To prevent hypothermia, you need to wear gloves, a hat, a scarf in winter, wear leggings made from natural materials. Shortly before going outside, you can drink warm tea, apply a greasy (not moisturizing) cream on your face. You should wash only with warm water, apply soda lotions. Supercooled skin should be lubricated with aloe, vitamins A and E. The blisters that appear are lubricated with brilliant green. Food should only be taken warm.

Allergic reaction to infant formula.

An allergic reaction to infant formula is a fairly common occurrence. Different manufacturers add different ingredients. The mixture for the child should be selected individually according to age, taste preferences. A careful study of the composition will avoid possible allergies, as some cereals contain gluten, which is poorly absorbed by the immature gastrointestinal tract. The gluten-free trinity (rice, buckwheat, corn) is virtually non-allergic if given properly, starting with half a teaspoon.

Allergic rashes on the skin of a child.

Allergies can manifest:

• On the skin.
• Through the intestines.
• Through the respiratory organs.
• through the excretory organs.

Manifestations on the skin are in the form of a rash, prickly heat, blisters, scales, crusts. They are accompanied by itching and pain. Places of occurrence - face, head, buttocks, shoulders, hips, abdomen. Allergic rashes on the pope come from improperly selected diapers, since the adsorbent may not be suitable for the child. Skin rashes include: urticaria, exudative erythema (a severe allergic reaction in infants) and Quincke's edema (a life-threatening condition).

Intestinal allergic symptoms:

The manifestation of allergies through the organs of the respiratory system:

• dry night cough
• copious colorless discharge from the nose,
• wheezing,
• dyspnea,
• whistling when breathing.

Allergy symptoms in children

If we talk about symptoms, they can also be divided into two types:

• with general symptoms
• with local symptoms.

Common symptoms and signs of allergies are: nausea, headache, vomiting, fever, chills. Local symptoms include redness of the skin, itching, rashes, tissue necrosis.

Runny nose (allergic rhinitis) this is the most common manifestation of allergies in children, yet, it is manifested by atopic dermatitis, as well as bronchial asthma.

Allergy on the buttocks or on the cheeks the child will most often talk about the wrong menu for the baby. This may be a reaction to a mixture or food, and maybe to some foods.

Rash. If a child has a rash on the body, an allergy on the face, on the legs, on the hands, it is likely that the washing powder was the cause. The child needs to be undressed, washed and changed.

Allergy to cats and dogs in children it is not so common, but still happens. It usually does not appear immediately, the symptoms are a runny nose, lacrimation, and sometimes a cough.

Allergy attack in children

Allergy attacks are relieved by conventional antihistamines, but you should carefully read the annotation and dosage.

If your child gets worse, call an ambulance immediately.

Allergy in babies

In a baby who has already been born, an allergy can most often manifest itself in the mother's breast milk. In this case, the mother should carefully monitor what she eats and exclude allergen foods. An allergy to breast milk can also cause problems with the gastrointestinal tract in a newborn. I can experience indigestion, diarrhea, gas. Untreated allergies can become chronic and even asthma.

Diet for allergies in children

At an older age, food allergies in children may appear from red fruits, chocolate, citrus fruits. In this case, you need a diet that does not involve the presence of these products in the diet. Diathesis in a child, which is one of the most common types of food allergies, is not difficult to treat, the main thing is to follow the doctor's recommendations and track which foods the body reacts to.

Treatment of Allergy folk remedies

When starting the treatment of allergies, it is necessary to remember that folk remedies can not only be beneficial, but also harmful, you should not use several remedies at the same time, and if an allergy appears often, you should consult a doctor.

For the treatment of childhood allergies, herbal baths are recommended. These baths can be used from birth. They are effective, help not only to cope with allergic reactions, but also have a beneficial effect on the nervous system. For greater effectiveness, bathing in a decoction of herbs is recommended for several days. If improvements are not noticeable, you should consult your doctor.

Observe the temperature of the baby bath, do not exceed 37.5 degrees, and the bath should be taken for no longer than ten minutes. The recommended duration of the course is 5-7 procedures every other day. After bathing in a medicinal infusion, it is not necessary to rinse the skin, blot it with a towel.

If the allergy is on the background of taking medications, self-medication is excluded.

Before you start bathing a child, you need to conduct a test. Soak a cotton swab in the prepared decoction of herbs and apply on the child's body, both on a healthy area and on a sick one. Wait for a reaction. If the diseased area begins to look better, then bathing is allowed. Look at a healthy area, it is important that there are no allergic reactions on it.

For starters, you should pay attention to herbs such as oregano, dandelion, chamomile, string. You may find that more than one type of herb is suitable for treating your allergy. In this case, you can use them together, but no more than five types.

Diet for expectant mothers

How to avoid food allergies in an unborn child? 10-20% of all children under one year of age currently have food allergies. The mechanism leading to its appearance is complex and multifaceted - this is both heredity and the developmental features of the child, but most importantly, this is the behavior of the expectant mother during pregnancy.

It has long been known and proven that more often food allergies develop in children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy, often had colds and ate irrationally (used foods that contain a large amount of allergens), or those who, on the contrary, observed strict and long-term hypoallergenic diet. This is especially true for women who themselves have allergic ailments (rash, sneezing, redness of the mucous membranes, itching, etc.).

The list of forbidden foods includes the following: cow's milk, crustaceans, fish, chicken eggs, nuts, vegetables and fruits of bright colors (citrus fruits, strawberries and raspberries, tomatoes, mangoes and peaches), also soy, celery, cereals. Vegetables, fruits and nuts are the most important allergens in food allergies, which means that, first of all, a pregnant woman should be limited to them.

In second place in importance is cow's milk and chocolate, you should not completely exclude them from your diet, just limit it to 300 ml of milk per day, and eat chocolate no more than 1 time per week. Products containing food additives such as preservatives, thickeners, stabilizers, antioxidants, flavor enhancers, colorants, products containing benzoates, sulfites, sorbic acid, monosodium glutamate, nitrates and nitrites should be eaten as little as possible. These substances are used to protect products from spoilage and rancidity, to impart a lasting color and aroma, and to treat packaging materials. By adhering to these tips, pregnant women can minimize the appearance of food allergies in their unborn baby.

Treatment of a child with folk remedies, Children's diseases

• allergic rhinitis

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Collection of folk remedies for the treatment of various diseases and bad habits

Food allergies in children: what to do?

Food allergy in a child is a fairly common problem faced by many parents. An allergic reaction can occur to almost any product, so it is very important to know the main symptoms, treatment methods and ways to prevent this disease.

An allergic reaction develops, as a rule, as a result of the use of a particular product. This phenomenon is associated with the excessive sensitivity of the body, which considers a certain substance dangerous, as a result of which special antibodies and immunoglobulins are released. The causes of allergies are not always known, but there is a hereditary tendency to such diseases.

Food allergies: photos and main symptoms

An allergic reaction is accompanied by a number of very characteristic symptoms:

1. The most characteristic symptom is a skin rash. Rashes, red spots, sometimes even pustules and sores appear on the child's body. Quite often, a rash appears on the face and skin of the abdomen. As a rule, the skin reaction is accompanied by severe itching.
2. Food allergies can also cause digestive disorders. Children quite often suffer from bloating, nausea, belching, and vomiting. Sometimes there are diarrhea and abdominal pain.
3. Another manifestation of food allergies is swelling. By the way, this symptom is dangerous, especially if there is severe swelling of the mucous membranes, skin and eyelids - this may signal the onset of anaphylactic shock, in which the child simply needs emergency medical care.

Food allergies in a child: the most dangerous foods

As already mentioned, an allergic reaction can develop to any product. Nevertheless, some of the most dangerous allergens have been identified:

1. Cow's milk is probably the most common allergen, especially among children under the age of one. The problem is that almost all artificial mixtures contain cow's milk protein. Therefore, for such a baby, you need to choose food very carefully.
2. Citrus fruits, red fruits and berries, carrots, grapes, kiwi.
3. Chicken eggs, especially the yolks.
4. Fish and seafood.
5. Legumes, including peas, lentils, soybeans.
6. Nuts.
7. Chocolate.

It should be borne in mind that it is not only what the baby eats that matters here. If the child is breastfed, then allergens enter his body along with mother's milk. Therefore, nursing mothers are required to follow the correct - hypoallergenic - diet.

Food allergy in a child: diagnosis

As a rule, after examining and familiarizing yourself with the symptoms, the doctor may suspect the presence of a food allergy. A blood test is prescribed, which will show an increased amount of immunoglobulin E. If it is not known which products lead to the development of the reaction, then it is necessary to conduct skin tests: concentrated and purified solutions of potential allergens are applied to the skin, after which they wait for the reaction.

Food allergies in children: treatment and prevention

The surest way to protect your baby's body from allergies is to eliminate any contact with allergens. This means that all potentially dangerous foods must be completely excluded from the diet of the child (or mother). Antihistamines are also used, which stop the development of allergies, relieve spasm of the respiratory tract, and eliminate swelling. In most cases, allergies are temporary and go away as the child grows, although some children carry the problem with them into adulthood.

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Some fathers and mothers are constantly in search of an effective medicine for the baby, others are sure that the child will “outgrow” the disease. Allergy in children is manifested by local swelling and rashes on the skin, frequent runny nose and cough, itching in the nose, and abdominal pain. In all these cases, the child's body needs help. One treatment is to reduce the unreasonably strong reaction of the body with the help of antihistamines.

The severity of the course of the disease and its manifestations depend on the intensity of the struggle of the immune system with the allergen. However, there is a common feature - the inheritance of a predisposition to such a reaction. According to medical statistics, the probability of allergies in children in families where both parents are allergic is 70-80%.

From the moment of conception of a child, you need to take care of the prevention of the disease, try not to burden the baby's immune system.

How allergies manifest:

1. Urticaria - blisters, as after a nettle burn.
2. Quincke's edema - an increase in part of the face or hand.
3. allergic conjunctivitis- redness of the eyes, pain, lacrimation.
4. allergic rhinitis- itching in the nose, sneezing, copious discharge from the nose.
5. Atopic dermatitis- red spots and crusts on the cheeks of infants.
6. Allergic dermatitis- rash on wrists, elbows, knees, ankles, back.
7. Anaphylaxis - redness of the skin, drop in blood pressure, abdominal pain.

Allergy symptoms in a child appear after eating certain foods, certain medicines, inhaling house dust or air with plant pollen. Suddenly, itching begins on some parts of the body, a runny nose, cough, and vomiting may occur. Food allergy in children is manifested by burning in the mouth and throat, cramps and rumbling in the abdomen, and diarrhea. On household mites, mold and pollen - respiratory signs.

What causes allergies in a child?

The basis of unusually strong body reactions to stimuli is the interaction of immunoglobulins with antigens. The first are human own proteins synthesized by beta-lymphocytes. Antigens - basophils, mast cells of the body. Responsible for allergic reactions of the immediate type immunoglobulin E - IgE.

Antigens interact with foreign proteins from viruses, bacteria, fungi, helminths, food or drugs. Repeated contact of the antigen with IgE leads to the release of serotonin, histamine and the appearance of symptoms of an allergic reaction. The formation of the interaction of antibodies with antigens takes an average of six months.

Allergic reactions can develop in children under 12 months of age, but in the infant's body, the IgE index is still very low. Therefore, during the first year of life, doctors are in no hurry to send babies for a blood test to determine antibodies. This is just one of the reasons why there are problems with diagnosing allergies in a child under one year old.

What foods and substances do children have allergic reactions to?

The child is surrounded by many substances, the body is constantly affected by environmental factors. However, only certain compounds cause a hypersensitivity reaction. It has long been noticed that the allergenic properties are higher in certain products, the secretions of some animals.

Potential allergens:

Allergy to parrots occurs because the fluff and feathers of birds are also strong allergens.

The provoking factors for the development of a strong reaction are wind, low temperature, damp cold weather. Mold allergy occurs in children living in old houses. Fear, excitement can also start the process of activating antibodies. Only diagnostics allows you to accurately establish the allergen, but you can approximately determine the most likely cause in the process of observing the child.

Allergy in children to household dust manifests itself when changing linen, shifting soft toys, books. Cold urticaria aggravated outdoors in damp weather. Signs of an allergic reaction to pollen are associated with the flowering month of certain plants. In spring, the main allergens are flowering birches and dandelions, in summer - cereals, meadow grasses and many weeds. In late summer and early autumn, flowers appear on ambrosia.

It happens that the allergy is of a cross nature, a strong sensitivity to several substances develops. It is possible that the manifestations of the disease will not be the same as for everyone. For example, a cough with an allergy to mosquito bites occurs less frequently than a rash on the body.

What to do with allergies in a child?

Sometimes it is difficult to distinguish between food poisoning, allergies to any components in their composition and intolerance to individual substances. Similarly, the symptoms of an allergic rhinitis can easily be mistaken for a cold. Parents should remember when solving such “diagnostic puzzles” that about 6 months pass from the moment the child is first exposed to the allergen to the reaction.

It is important to reduce the exposure of any potential allergens to the child's body.

What to do if a child has an allergy (recommendations for parents for every day):

1. Use a mattress and pillow made of hypoallergenic materials that accumulate less dust.
2. Wash bed sheets once a week at 60°C or above to disinfect.
3. Avoid storing too many soft toys in a child's room.
4. Wash toys weekly, wash those that can be washed.
5. If you can not clean with water, then once a week send toys overnight in the freezer, where cold air works against microorganisms.
6. Vacuum upholstery and carpets, dust the room 2 times a week in the absence of a child.
7. Get rid of mold in the bathroom and toilet, in the basement and in the attic.
8. Put your pets in good hands with pet allergies.
9. Do more wet cleaning.

An unusual reaction to any products, detergents, pollen and pets is manifested in infants in the form of a runny nose, cough, rash. Typically, a doctor will refer children over 12 to 18 months of age for blood and allergy testing. Once diagnosed, it is possible to determine exactly which irritant is causing the child's symptoms.

Before, during and after allergy treatment, care should be taken to clean and humidify the air in the room. It is necessary to give the child dietary products, which significantly reduces the allergization of the body.

How to treat allergies in a child with antihistamines?

The active ingredients inhibit the very mechanism of the development of an allergic reaction - they block the release of inflammatory mediators. They produce drugs with this effect in the form of drops of syrups, tablets or capsules for oral administration.

Antihistamines help in the fight against the symptoms of allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, dermatitis: runny nose, redness, itching.

For local and external use, nasal sprays, eye drops, ointments are used. Since it is difficult to accurately dose ophthalmic or nasal agents in young children, pediatricians recommend giving oral drops. Each drug has its own age restrictions.

Popular antihistamines for treating allergies in a child:

Almost certainly, the attending physician will prescribe Fenistil drops to an infant with allergies. Another medicine for children under one year old - Zyrtec drops - is given to a child older than 6 months. The drug Parlazin (drops) with the same active substance is prescribed for children after 1 year. Parlazin tablets or Cetrin syrup are prescribed for children over 2 years old.

Before treating a child with antihistamines and other drugs, it is necessary to consult a pediatrician and follow the instructions of the drug manufacturer..

Antihistamines are well tolerated, but first-generation drugs cause drowsiness and lethargy (Diphenhydramine, Suprastin). They can reduce school performance, the child's attention on the road. There are much fewer side effects in drugs of the second and third generations. Tablets or drops with an antihistamine effect are given to the child once a day at bedtime.

How to treat allergies in a child with hormonal drugs?

Corticosteroids are included in eye drops and other medications. With local and external use, glucocorticoid agents practically do not enter the bloodstream, therefore, as a rule, they are well tolerated by children. Thus, the most preferred forms of release of hormonal drugs are ointments, nasal and eye drops. Used for atopic dermatitis, rashes of various origins.

The action of the hormonal agent:

• effectively fights inflammation of the skin and mucous membranes;
• reduces redness and swelling of the skin;
• eliminates itching, burning (in combination with antihistamines);
• promotes healing (in combination with dexpanthenol).

The active substances of GCS are prednisolone, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone. Such funds are prescribed for many types of allergic diseases. Glucocorticoid hormones have a strong effect. After the process subsides, it is necessary to gradually reduce the dose of GCS.

The warnings and reviews of Dr. Komarovsky on the use of hormonal drugs will help parents and grandparents reconsider their attitude to treating children with steroids:

Pediatric approved topical corticosteroids:

1. hydrocortisone;
2. beclomethasone;
3. prednisolone;
4. mometasone.

GCS are part of lotions and ointments for the treatment of allergic dermatosis in children. The most famous and popular brands of drugs: Advantan, Flukort, Elocom, Flucinar, Lokoid. Which drug is better to choose in each case, the pediatrician and the allergist should determine.

What combined preparations are produced for allergy sufferers?

The most effective therapy is complex. Increasingly, for the treatment of allergies, not only several groups of drugs are used, but also combined drugs are prescribed. So much less enters the body of various excipients. They are not all harmless, many have a negative effect.

Combined preparations for oral administration for allergies contain components that relieve inflammation and swelling of the nasal mucosa. A local remedy - Vibrocil nasal drops - can be used to treat allergic rhinitis in a child under 1 year old. Hyoksizon ointment contains GCS and an antibiotic that prevents the development of a microbial infection when combing the skin. There are many such drugs, but they should be used only after consulting a pediatrician.

How to treat allergies with enterosorbents?

Sorbents are given to the child to cleanse the digestive tract of toxins. Smecta is the most well-known remedy in this group, used already in infancy. When mixed with water, a talker is obtained, which is given to the baby to drink with rashes on the body, increased gas formation, and colic.

Sorbent Enterosgel,