Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev biography of the poet. Biography of F.I. Tyutcheva

On November 23, 1803, in the Oryol province of Bryansk district, a boy was born on the Ovstug estate. They named him Fedor. Fyodor's parents, Ivan Nikolaevich and Ekaterina Lvovna, came from ancient noble families.

Ekaterina Lvovna was closely related to the family of Leo Tolstoy. Ekaterina Lvovna was a very beautiful, subtle, poetic woman. It is believed that she passed on all these traits to her youngest son Fyodor. In total, 6 children were born in the Tyutchev family. The last 3 children died in infancy.

Fyodor Tyutchev received his primary education at home. His first mentor was Raich Semyon Yegorovich, a young, very educated man. He wrote poetry and did translations. While studying with Fedor, the mentor encouraged him to write poetry. When doing homework, he often organized competitions to see who could compose a quatrain the fastest. Already at the age of 13, Fedor was an excellent translator and became seriously interested in writing poetry. Thanks to
mentor, as well as his talent and perseverance, Fyodor Tyutchev spoke and wrote fluently in several foreign languages. But what’s interesting is that Tyutchev wrote all his poems only in Russian.

Tyutchev graduated from Moscow University, Faculty of Literature, with honors in 1821.

Knowledge of many foreign languages ​​and excellent studies at the university help him enter the College of Foreign Affairs as a diplomat. Tyutchev will have to live abroad for almost a quarter of a century. He rarely came to Russia and suffered greatly from this. While working as a diplomat in Munich, Tyutchev would meet his greatest love, Eleanor Peterson. They will have three daughters. Happiness with Eleanor was short-lived. She is dying. His relationship with Elena Deniseva ends in tragedy. About this period of his life he will write: “The executing god took everything from me...”.

Tyutchev's creativity

The creative heritage of Fyodor Tyutchev numbers just over 400 poems. A notebook with Tyutchev’s poems accidentally ends up in the hands of A. Pushkin. Pushkin is delighted and publishes poems in the Sovremennik magazine. Tyutchev becomes famous as a poet. All of Tyutchev’s creativity can be divided into 3 stages:

1. Moral - philosophical lyrics. In the poems of this period, Tyutchev skillfully combines soul, mind, and the infinity of human existence.
2. Love lyrics. Tyutchev was a very amorous person; he dedicated poems to all his lovers. Tyutchev's love lyrics reflect his mood. His sublime, sad, and tragic poems date back to this period. The poems are very melodic and touch the soul.
3. Poems about native nature. Tyutchev wrote poems about nature from his youth. He believed that there was nothing more beautiful than Russian nature. Most of all, while abroad, he suffered from the inability to immerse himself in Russian nature. With rapture and happiness he wrote about fields, copses, and seasons. His poems about nature were included in the school curriculum for children.

At the end of his life, Tyutchev began to write poems on political topics, but they did not find a response from readers and, for the most part, remained unclaimed poems among the general public.

Tyutchev and modernity

Poems from any stage of the poet’s work find a lively response from readers. His famous lines: “Russia cannot be understood with the mind...”, “It is not given to us to predict...”, “Everything has been taken from me by the executing god...” is known to almost every literate person. His poetic work in popularity can be compared with the work of Pushkin. Tyutchev’s subtle, lyrical, soul-stirring style transcends times and boundaries. His poems have been translated into many languages ​​of the world.

In the summer of 1873, Fyodor Tyutchev died in Tsarskoe Selo. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery. Every year, on the poet’s birthday and death anniversary, fans of his talent come to pay tribute to his work.

A very short biography of Tyutchev for children 4th grade

Tyutchev had his favorite teacher-mentor Yegor Ranch, who helped him in everything and raised more parents. Already at the age of twelve, with the help of his teacher, Fyodor Ivanovich wrote his first poems. At the age of fifteen, not needing a teacher, he began to study at the institute in the literature department. After graduating from college, he went to work abroad for almost 20 years. Where he worked as a diplomat in Italy and Germany.

All this time he was not engaged in literary activity. Upon returning home, he began working in the Foreign Affairs Committee. Pushkin saw his first poems in 1836 and helped them publish them in many magazines. After which he went out into the world. The first assembly of Fedor appeared in 1854. Tyutchev has many famous poems such as: “Russia cannot be understood with the mind”, “winter does not last long”, “evening”, “flowing sand up to the knees”.

Tyutchev did not become a writer and worked in a different field; children still learn his poems at school.

Fyodor Tyutchev died in July 1879 in the village of Tsarskoye. He never began a career in literature.

4th grade. 6th grade.. 3rd, 10th grade. for children

Biography by dates and interesting facts. The most important.

Kosta Khetagurov is a talented poet, publicist, playwright, sculptor, and painter. He is even considered the founder of literature in beautiful Ossetia. The poet's works have received worldwide recognition and have been translated into many languages.

Tyutchev Fedor Ivanovich(1803-1873)

Everyone is familiar with the work of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev. Since childhood, everyone has heard his wonderful poems: “I love the thunderstorm at the beginning of May...”, “The snow is still white in the fields...”, “Winter is angry for good reason...”, “The Enchantress of Winter...”, “There are the original autumn..." But not everyone knows his interesting life path. Tyutchev was only four years younger than A.S. Pushkin. Recognition did not come to Tyutchev immediately. Let's get acquainted with the life and work of this great Russian poet.

Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev was born on November 23 (December 5), 1803 in the Ovstug estate, Oryol province. He was educated at home. He began writing poetry early, studied Latin, and translated Horace. Since 1817, he began attending lectures at the Literature Department of Moscow University. In 1821, he received a certificate of completion of his studies, entered the service of the State College of Foreign Affairs and went to Munich as a freelance attaché of the Russian diplomatic mission.

In 1844, Tyutchev returned to Russia and served in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as chairman of the committee on foreign censorship.

It took a long time for Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev to develop as a poet. The first collection of his poems was published by A.S. Pushkin in the magazine "Contemporary". Of the 69 poems sent from Germany, Pushkin selected 28 for publication. Tyutchev became better known after returning to his homeland. He was highly appreciated by Nekrasov, Turgenev, Fet, Chernyshevsky. His muse was Elena Aleksandrovna Denisyeva, a friend of his daughters, a 24-year-old graduate of the Smolny Institute of Noble Maidens. He wrote a wonderful lyrical "Denisyev" cycle. Love in Tyutchev's lyrics is one of the deepest pleasures of life.

Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev died in 1873 in Tsarskoe Selo. The poet was buried in St. Petersburg at the Novodevichy cemetery.

“You can’t live without him,” L. Tolstoy said about Tyutchev.

Tyutchev Fedor Ivanovich (1803 - 1873), poet. Born on November 23 (December 5, n.s.) in the Ovstug estate, Oryol province, into an old noble family of the middle estate. My childhood years were spent in Ovstug, my youth were connected with Moscow.

Home education was supervised by the young poet-translator S. Raich, who introduced the student to the works of Russian and world poets and encouraged his first poetic experiments. At the age of 12, Tyutchev was already successfully translating Horace.

In 1819 he entered the literature department of Moscow University and immediately took an active part in its literary life. After graduating from the university in 1821 with a candidate's degree in literary sciences, at the beginning of 1822 he entered the service of the State Collegium of Foreign Affairs.

A few months later he was appointed an official at the Russian diplomatic mission in Munich. From that time on, his connection with Russian literary life was interrupted for a long time.

Tyutchev will spend twenty-two years abroad, twenty of them in Munich. Here he gets married, here he meets the philosopher Schelling and becomes friends with G. Heine, becoming the first translator of his poems into Russian.

In 1829-30, Raich's magazine "Galatea" published Tyutchev's poems, which testified to the maturity of his poetic talent ("Summer Evening", "Vision", "Insomnia", "Dreams"), but did not bring fame to the author.

Tyutchev's poetry first received real recognition in 1836, when his 16 poems appeared in Pushkin's Sovremennik.

In 1837 he was appointed first secretary of the Russian mission in Turin, where he experienced his first bereavement: his wife died. In 1839 he entered into a new marriage. Tyutchev's official misconduct (unauthorized departure to Switzerland to marry E. Dernberg) puts an end to his diplomatic service. He resigns and settles in Munich, where he spends another five years without any official position. He is persistently looking for ways to return to service.

In 1844 he moved with his family to Russia, and six months later he re-enlisted in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

In 1843-50 he published political articles “Russia and Germany”, “Russia and the Revolution”, “The Papacy and the Roman Question”, concluding that a clash between Russia and the West is inevitable and the final triumph of the “Russia of the future”, which seems to him “all-Slavic” empire.

In 1848-49, captivated by the events of political life, he wrote such beautiful poems as “Reluctantly and timidly...”, “When in the circle of murderous worries...”, “To a Russian woman”, etc., but did not seek to publish them .

The beginning of Tyutchev’s poetic fame and the impetus for his active creativity was Nekrasov’s article “Russian minor poets” in the Sovremennik magazine, which spoke about the talent of this poet, not noticed by critics, and the publication of 24 poems by Tyutchev. The poet received real recognition.

The first collection of poems was published in 1854, and in the same year a series of poems about love dedicated to Elena Denisyeva was published. The “lawless” relationship of the middle-aged poet in the eyes of the world with his daughter, who was the same age as him, lasted for fourteen years and was very dramatic (Tyutchev was married).

In 1858 he was appointed chairman of the Committee of Foreign Censorship, more than once acting as an advocate for persecuted publications.

Since 1864, Tyutchev suffered one loss after another: Denisyev died of consumption, a year later - two of their children, his mother.

In Tyutchev's work of 1860-70, political poems and small poems predominate - "in case" ("When the decrepit forces ...", 1866, "To the Slavs", 1867, etc.). The last years of his life were also overshadowed by heavy losses: his eldest son, brother, and daughter Maria died. The poet's life is fading. On July 15 (27 n.s.) 1873 in Tsarskoe Selo Tyutchev died.

Materials used from the book: Russian writers and poets. Brief biographical dictionary.

Tyutchev's biography briefly, the most important thing you will learn in this article.

Biography of Tyutchev, the most important things briefly

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev was born November 23, 1803 in the village of Ovstug, in the Oryol province. His parents were noble and educated people. He received an excellent education: teacher Semyon Raich taught him at home, who instilled in him a love of poetry. Already at the age of 12, Fyodor was translating the works of Horace and trying to write poems. At the age of 14 he was accepted into the staff of the Society of Lovers of Literature. And in 1816 Tyutchev became a volunteer student at Moscow University. In 1819 he entered the Faculty of Philology, which he graduated in just 2 years.

Having received a doctorate in literature, he got a job at the College of Foreign Affairs. In 1822, Tyutchev went to serve in Munich. He devoted three years to the diplomatic service. At this time I wrote poetry only for myself. He returned to his homeland only in 1825. Returning to Munich, he married Eleanor Peterson, taking custody of her 3 children from his first marriage. The couple also had their own children - 3 beautiful daughters. The city also gave him friendship with the philosopher Schelling and the poet Heine.

In the spring of 1836, Fyodor Ivanovich transferred his lyrical works to St. Petersburg, which were published in Pushkin’s magazine Sovremennik. In general, his German service lasted 15 years. In the spring of 1837, the poet and diplomat received leave and went to St. Petersburg for 3 months.

At the end of his vacation, he was redirected to Turin as first secretary and charge d'affaires of the Russian mission. His wife dies in Italy and a year later he marries Mrs. Ernestine Dernberg again. This was the beginning of the end of his diplomatic career, as he voluntarily went to Switzerland for a wedding.

Fyodor Ivanovich tried for 2 whole years to return to service, but in vain. He was permanently excluded from the list of Ministry officials. After his dismissal, Tyutchev lived for another 4 years in Munich, Germany.

Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev. Born on November 23 (December 5), 1803 in Ovstug, Bryansk district, Oryol province - died on July 15 (27), 1873 in Tsarskoe Selo. Russian poet, diplomat, conservative publicist, corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences since 1857.

Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev was born on December 5, 1803 in the family estate of Ovstug, Oryol province. Tyutchev was educated at home. Under the guidance of the teacher, poet and translator S.E. Raich, who supported the student’s interest in versification and classical languages, Tyutchev studied Latin and ancient Roman poetry, and at the age of twelve he translated the odes of Horace.

In 1817, as a volunteer student, he began attending lectures at the Department of Literature at Moscow University, where his teachers were Alexey Merzlyakov and Mikhail Kachenovsky. Even before enrollment, he was accepted as a student in November 1818, and in 1819 he was elected a member of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature.

Having received a university graduation certificate in 1821, Tyutchev entered the service of the State College of Foreign Affairs and went to Munich as a freelance attaché of the Russian diplomatic mission. Here he met Schelling and Heine and in 1826 married Eleanor Peterson, née Countess Bothmer, with whom he had three daughters. The eldest of them, Anna, later marries Ivan Aksakov.

The steamship "Nicholas I", on which the Tyutchev family is sailing from St. Petersburg to Turin, suffers a disaster in the Baltic Sea. During the rescue, Eleanor and the children are helped by Ivan Turgenev, who was sailing on the same ship. This disaster seriously damaged the health of Eleanor Tyutcheva. In 1838 she dies. Tyutchev is so sad that, after spending the night at the coffin of his late wife, he allegedly turned gray in a few hours. However, already in 1839, Tyutchev married Ernestina Dernberg (née Pfeffel), with whom, apparently, he had a relationship while still married to Eleanor. Ernestine's memories have been preserved of one ball in February 1833, at which her first husband felt unwell. Not wanting to stop his wife from having fun, Mr. Dernberg decided to go home alone. Turning to the young Russian with whom the baroness was talking, he said: “I entrust you with my wife.” This Russian was Tyutchev. A few days later, Baron Dörnberg died of typhus, the epidemic of which was sweeping Munich at that time.

In 1835 Tyutchev received the rank of chamberlain. In 1839, Tyutchev's diplomatic activities were suddenly interrupted, but until 1844 he continued to live abroad. In 1843, he met with the all-powerful head of the III department of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery A.H. Benckendorff. The result of this meeting was Emperor Nicholas I’s support for all Tyutchev’s initiatives in the work to create a positive image of Russia in the West. Tyutchev was given the go-ahead to speak independently in the press on political problems of relations between Europe and Russia.

Nicholas I’s anonymously published article “Letter to Mr. Doctor Kolb” (“Russia and Germany”; 1844) aroused great interest of Nicholas I. This work was presented to the emperor, who, as Tyutchev told his parents, “found all his thoughts in it and allegedly asked who its author was.”

Returning to Russia in 1844, Tyutchev again entered the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1845), where from 1848 he held the position of senior censor. Being one, he did not allow the Communist Party manifesto to be distributed in Russia in Russian, declaring that “those who need it will read it in German.”

Almost immediately upon his return, F.I. Tyutchev actively participated in Belinsky’s circle.

Without publishing any poems during these years, Tyutchev published journalistic articles in French: “Letter to Mr. Doctor Kolb” (1844), “Note to the Tsar” (1845), “Russia and the Revolution” (1849), “Papacy and the Roman question" (1850), as well as later, already in Russia, an article written "On censorship in Russia" (1857). The last two are one of the chapters of the unfinished treatise “Russia and the West,” conceived by him under the influence of the revolutionary events of 1848-1849.

In this treatise, Tyutchev creates a kind of image of the thousand-year-old power of Russia. Explaining his “doctrine of empire” and the nature of the empire in Russia, the poet noted its “Orthodox character.” In the article “Russia and Revolution,” Tyutchev proposed the idea that in the “modern world” there are only two forces: revolutionary Europe and conservative Russia. The idea of ​​​​creating a union of Slavic-Orthodox states under the auspices of Russia was also presented here.

During this period, Tyutchev’s poetry itself was subordinated to state interests, as he understood them. He creates many “rhymed slogans” or “journalistic articles in verse”: “Gus at the stake”, “To the Slavs”, “Modern”, “Vatican anniversary”.

On April 7, 1857, Tyutchev received the rank of full state councilor, and on April 17, 1858, he was appointed chairman of the Committee of Foreign Censorship. In this post, despite numerous troubles and clashes with the government, Tyutchev remained for 15 years, until his death. On August 30, 1865, Tyutchev was promoted to Privy Councilor, thereby reaching the third, and in fact even the second level in the state hierarchy of officials.

During his service, he received 1,800 chervonets in gold and 2,183 rubles in silver as awards (bonuses).

Until the very end, Tyutchev was interested in the political situation in Europe. On December 4, 1872, the poet lost freedom of movement with his left hand and felt a sharp deterioration in his vision; he began to experience excruciating headaches. On the morning of January 1, 1873, despite the warnings of others, the poet went for a walk, intending to visit friends. On the street he suffered a blow that paralyzed the entire left half of his body.

On July 15, 1873, Tyutchev died in Tsarskoe Selo. On July 18, 1873, the coffin with the poet’s body was transported from Tsarskoe Selo to St. Petersburg and buried in the cemetery of the Novodevichy Convent.