What parts does an interior door consist of? Dictionary of door terms. Door definitions and terminology. Additional elements and accessories

To choose the right door, you first need to understand what parts it consists of. What could a standard interior door consist of?

The most common door consists of two main parts: moldings and the door leaf itself.

Let's start with the door leaf. The door leaf is the part of the door that opens and closes the doorway. Most often, interior door leaves are made from solid wood or MDF and chipboard. It is also worth noting that the door leaf can have a honeycomb structure or have a solid pine frame inside it. If the doorway leaf is made of chipboard or solid wood, then it weighs about 20-30 kilograms. And the fabric with a honeycomb structure, despite the fact that it can withstand loads of up to 80 kg, weighs only from 10 to 15 kg, while it has excellent sound insulation and is also resistant to temperature changes.

The second integral component of the door is the molding, which can be standard or telescopic. Telescopic moldings, unlike standard ones, have grooves with which you can expand the box to the desired thickness.

The molding, in turn, consists of platbands, boxes and extensions.

The frame is the part of the door on which the door leaf is hung using hinges; it consists of a horizontal crossbar and two vertical posts. The box can be a standard rectangular one, or it can be a complex geometric figure. If the door molding is telescopic, then there will be slots in the frame for the trim.

It happens that the wall turns out to be wider than the door frame. In this case, use additional. Additional strips are made from the same material as the doors and installed flush against the door frame, which makes the structure solid.

The platbands serve the function of improving the appearance of the doorway, covering the junction of the door leaf with the frame. Most often they are made of the same material as the entire door structure.

When choosing a door, do not forget about such details as the seal, fittings and threshold.

The seal is needed to improve sound insulation, as well as to absorb shock when closing the door. The seal significantly reduces the amount of dust that enters the room through the doorway. It must be remembered that the seal must be soft.

When choosing a threshold and fittings, you need to pay attention to its combination with the main design of your apartment.

In order to correctly assess the quality of the door you choose, let’s dive into the terminology. So, what can a regular interior door consist of?

The main components are the door leaf and moldings.

Door leaf

This is the part that opens and closes the opening. The canvas can be made of solid wood, MDF or chipboard, and also have an internal frame made of solid pine and a honeycomb structure. Canvases made of solid wood or chipboard weigh from 20 to 30 kg. Doors made of honeycomb filling have a lightweight design, and their weight is 10-15 kg, while they can withstand a load of up to 80 kg. The advantages of such filling are good sound insulation, environmental friendliness, resistance to temperature and humidity changes.

In addition, the door leaf can be smooth or paneled, solid or glazed.

Moldings

The molding is used to install the door and gives the product a finished look. It consists of a box, platbands and extensions. There are 2 types of moldings - standard and telescopic.

Telescopic molding differs from the standard one in that it has grooves that allow you to expand the door frame to the required thickness by extending the extension and platbands.

Box This design is a fixed door profile on which a door leaf, two vertical posts and a horizontal crossbar are hung using hinges. Door frames come in different shapes: from traditional rectangular to complex figured ones. The box may have longitudinal slots for telescopic platbands. To manufacture this part, either solid wood or MDF is used.

Platbands. Platbands perform the function of covering the junction of the door leaf and frame. They are mainly made from solid wood or MDF covered with veneer. They can be overhead and telescopic. Overlay trims are mounted with glue or quick-installation screws. The main difference between telescopic platbands is that they are very easy to adjust during installation, since they have wings for insertion into the corresponding box, and this greatly simplifies the installation and allows you to close wide walls, hiding all the cracks.

Dobor. An extension is a bar for expanding the door frame (if the wall is wider than the door frame). Since doors are produced to standard sizes, the width of the door frame is also standard (usually 70 mm). If the wall thickness is greater than this size, an additional strip is used. The extensions are made from the same veneer as the doors. Such panels are installed close to the box or in a special groove. The addition improves the appearance of the door leaf and gives the entire structure solidity.

When choosing a door, it is important to remember such elements as the seal, threshold and fittings.

Sealant

The seal serves for sound insulation and shock absorption when closing the door, and also helps reduce the penetration of dust into the room. It is very important that the seal in the door frame is soft. Since a solid seal will either not evenly adhere to the surface of the door, or considerable effort will have to be made to close the door.

Threshold

This is a wooden block located at the bottom of the doorway. The threshold serves to improve sound insulation, thermal insulation and increases the fire resistance of the door. A threshold can also cover the junction of floor coverings or differences in floor levels in adjacent rooms.

Accessories

This is one of the most important components of the door: hinges, handles, door bolts, locks, safety chains, closers. At the same time, each detail performs its function. “Fittings” can be different, the main thing is that it is of high quality and matches the style and design of the door.

Today we will tell you about what types of interior door designs exist and what you should pay attention to when choosing them.

Often, a buyer in a store chooses a door based on its appearance. This is of course important. But no less important is its design feature: what it is made of, how it will behave in certain conditions.

Despite the huge selection, they can be divided into the following main types:

Natural array.
Paneled.
Shield ones.

Each of these types, based on a number of features of the composite material, production method, coating and appearance, has several design options.

Canvases of this type are produced in two ways: from solid wood and from spliced wooden blocks. The first option is rarely found on sale due to its high price.

The spliced solid wood structure has the following characteristics and composition:

These sheets are made by gluing solid wood onto tenons.. At the same time, maximum durability of the canvas is achieved due to the absence of sampling of knots and resin formations from the tree.
The wood is dried before entering the conveyor. At the exit, its humidity does not exceed 8 percent.
Different types of wood are used in production: valuable – oak, walnut, mahogany; economy class - pine. Pine wood is more common because it costs much less than its counterparts.

Important! If you decide to update your interior with a door made of natural solid wood, then purchase 3 hinges for it. This type is very heavy!

Wooden ones have excellent sound insulation(cm. ) . However, they do not differ in increased moisture resistance. To increase the service life of such canvases, varnish coatings are applied to them in several thin layers. The thinner the layer, the better the structure of the wood is preserved.

Advantages of natural wood: “solid” appearance, fairly high strength, extended service life, environmental friendliness, variety of color shades (see).

The disadvantages include the high weight of natural canvases, the rather high cost and the instability of the wood itself to withstand high humidity.

The modern design using panels has the following features:

Canvas- consist of three main parts: frame (frame), paneled insert and finishing coating.
Frame elements- made from glued timber. The main material for it is pine.
– this is an insert (filler). It serves as a connecting link for the main frame. Made from MDF or chipboard. To secure the panel more firmly in the frame, solid wood glazing beads are sometimes used.
MDF– environmentally friendly and reliable material. In its production, small shavings are used, which are bonded using a natural adhesive. This substance is released when wood is heated.
Chipboard– chipboard. It is cheaper compared to MDF. But it has a lower moisture resistance coefficient.
To increase strength, additional transverse inserts made of wooden beams are used. In any model, it is mandatory to strengthen the “lock” part of the canvas. That is, at the place where the lock is inserted (95-100 cm from the bottom edge of the canvas).

Important! The more panels separated by timber, the stronger it is.

There are combined paneled doors. The bottom of the canvas consists of a wooden frame and panel, and the top is hollow with honeycomb filling.

External covering of paneled interior doors

The protective function in the paneled structure is performed by the decorative outer layer. It is made from various materials: natural veneer, fine-line and laminate. Additional protection is varnish applied in several layers or paint.

Natural veneer is a thin cut of wood 0.5-07 mm thick. In addition to its protective function, sliced veneer is of no small importance in aesthetic terms. It preserves the entire structure of natural wood. It is made mainly from the following species: beech, oak, walnut, ash.
Eco-veneer (fine-line) is manufactured using excellent technology. First, thin sections are made (like natural ones). Next, these sections are laid in the direction of the fibers and pressed into slabs with the addition of special resins and coloring fillers. After this, a cut is made across the fibers.

Important! Eco-veneer is the most durable decorative coating available. It has excellent moisture-proof properties. With such a coating you can install it in the bathroom without fear.

To increase the service life of the veneer, an MDF backing is inserted between it and the main structure of the veneer. Its thickness varies from 3.5 to 6 millimeters.
Laminated coating. It costs less than veneer, but is also inferior in quality. If you decide to buy with laminate, then check that all its edges are securely taped.
High enamels. Coating with high-quality “high” wood enamels in several layers significantly increases the cost of the finished product.

Panel door design

There are two design varieties: hollow with filler and solid:

Hollow ones have a frame made of spliced wooden beams, an internal filler (most often honeycomb), an MDF backing and a decorative protective coating.
The internal cellular filler is made of cardboard or hardboard. It has a structure reminiscent of a honeycomb. The main properties: strength and noise reduction depend on the size of the cell in diameter. The denser the material and the smaller the size of the aggregate honeycomb, the higher these properties are.
At the place where the lock is attached (see) there is reinforcement made of timber.
The outer backing of the MDF sheet is veneered or laminated for protection.

The advantage of hollow panel doors is their low weight, low cost and the absence of “guidance” of the leaf due to design features.

Disadvantages - low level of strength and sound insulation.

In solid panel doors, one or more chipboard slabs serve as a filler. If there are several of them, then between them there are special elastic pads made of cork material.
An MDF gasket is glued to the chipboard, and then veneer or laminate is applied.

Glazing of an interior door

How are glazed interior doors made? Glass has a number of undeniable advantages over solid canvases - a more aesthetic appearance and the ability to transmit additional light into the room.

There are several design features of glazed panels:

The glass is inserted and removed thanks to a slot in the upper end (see). This type is typical for paneled doors. With this production method, inexpensive glass is used: frosted, sprayed and fusing.
The glass is solid from the top to the bottom edge of the canvas. This design uses high-quality glass - triplex. The glass surface is impact resistant. On the sides of the canvas there are wooden blocks with a groove into which glass is inserted to a depth of about 50 mm. To ensure secure fastening, silicone sealant is applied to the grooves.
During the production of the canvas, glass is inserted from the side and then covered with the side of the frame. This method is used in collapsible types. Their frame is not tightly glued, but is tightened with anchors, which are hidden under the edge finishing coating.

People who are not professionally versed in carpentry are accustomed to the fact that a door is something monolithic, a complete product, and yet many centuries have passed since doors began to be made from several elements, the quality of each of which is very important for the quality of a wooden door in in general. We will tell you about these components of the door.

Components of an interior door

Usually the door leaf, in fact, is called a door, but in fact, it is far from being the only part of the overall structure. This is the part of the door that covers the doorway. Made canvas maybe from solid wood and MDF, if of course we are talking about really high-level doors. The door leaf can be either solid or with various types of inserts made of glass, wooden bars, etc.

Methods for decorating the door leaf can be different - these include wood carving, veneer finishing of various types of wood, plastic or metal elements, etc. There can be a huge variety of options in external design.

The leaf itself consists either of a frame made of solid wood beams, or of elements called pillars, ligaments and a paneled part (that is, solid wood panels, paneled doors). The vertical side elements are pillars (racks) - the hinges are attached to them and the lock is embedded. Transverse (horizontal) elements are ligaments. Everything that is inside this so-called frame is called a panel (paneled part). The paneled part can be either made of solid wood or MDF, or replaced with glass. There may be two or more paneled parts.

2. Box

Hinged to attach to box- that is, to two racks and a crossbar, which in turn are attached to the wall opening. Sometimes an additional crossbar is placed below - a “threshold”.

The box must be massive and resistant to changes in temperature and humidity. This is important for reliable fastening of the door structure in the opening.
It is advisable to insert seals into the racks and crossbars, as in plastic windows. This will reduce the sounds of closing the door, as well as all sounds, and will prevent odors and drafts from spreading throughout the apartment.

3. Platbands

Platbands are wooden planks that cover the junction of the frame and the wall (seam), forming a common doorway. They come in different shapes:

Rectangular,
- semicircular and figured (that is, radius).

Platbands They are attached to the box using special nails so that the caps are not visible.

Platbands are made of wood or MDF.

4. Extras

If the walls are wide enough, then between the frame and the platband there remains an unclosed space in the alignment of the wall opening.

Extensions are used to close this opening. They look like wide rectangular frames.

5. Accessories

Fittings are hinges, door handles, locks, chains, bolts, in general, all the remaining parts of the door structure.

Classic door fittings are most often made of brass. Of course, the fittings must correspond to the overall design of the door, because it largely reflects whether a wooden door belongs to a particular style.

When choosing interior or armored doors, the consumer is sometimes bombarded with many special definitions related to locks, doors and door production. Many of the terms are well-known, others are less well known and in most cases mean nothing to most people. Proposed dictionary of door terms will help make the choice of doors easier, presenting essentially a significant part of the materials on our site in a compressed form.

If you need a more detailed interpretation of the term, you can find it in the corresponding section of our website. All dictionary terms are arranged in alphabetical order according to the “adjective + noun” principle (example: armored door, not armored door). To make your work easier, use page search (Ctrl+F).

Door dictionary

Bumping is a method of opening cylinder locks with vertical pins (see “Pins”), based on tapping on a special key inserted into the cylinder.

Armor plate - see “Protective fittings”.

Armored door– the general name for metal doors, sometimes even of poor quality.

Backset - see "Dornmass".

Burglar resistance of doors- a set of design solutions that determine the time of resistance of doors to various levels of burglary. Expressed in classes (see “Door classes”).

Entrance doors. In most cases, this definition refers to metal entrance doors, but some manufacturers emphasize that such doors are not intended for use under the influence of precipitation. (see also “Cottage Doors”).

Drilling is a method of picking locks that involves drilling into the door in the right place. For lever locks, such places are special points characteristic of each model; for cylinder locks, these are the cylinder itself. Protection against drilling is provided by armor plates.

Bent profile - see "Profile"

A door frame is a frame structure inserted into a doorway. Usually made from a profile (see “Profile”), it is part of the door block.

A door block is the general name for a door structure. In most cases, it consists of a door leaf and frame, but may contain transoms and other elements.

Door jamb - door frame.

The door leaf is the opening, movable part of the door block, placed in the door frame and attached to it by means of hinges.

A doorway is an opening in the wall into which a door block is mounted and secured.

Door furniture- the general name of mechanisms and objects hung and mounted in the door leaf (locks, eyes, handles, decorative trims, etc.)

Double doors- a door made of two leaves (leaves), one of which is active (with a lock), the second without a lock (passive). See also “One-and-a-half doors”

Addition, additional strip used in cases where the wall thickness exceeds the depth of the door frame. It is a decorative strip placed on several sides of the door in order to hide the difference between the width of the wall and the depth of the frame.

Doviator, deviator- see “Crab system”.

Dornmass (backset), Dormas- the distance from the center of the cylinder or key channel to the front plate or end of the lock. In ordinary speech, it is sometimes distortedly called dormas. Backset is synonymous with backmass. See material with illustrations of backmass.

Eurobeam - see "Solid".

Protective fittings- elements made of hardened steel or its alloys that protect the locking mechanisms of metal doors from penetration through mechanical influences. Also called armor plates (not to be confused with decorative fittings and plates), which come in internal and external types.

An impost is a strip or rail that separates door segments from each other (for example, the opening parts of doors from transoms).

Intelligent hacking methods- methods of breaking doors without using brute physical force and destroying locks: bumping, picking keys, opening with master keys, etc.

Door class. Standardized criteria that allow doors to be classified according to certain characteristics. Most often, this refers to the burglary resistance class of metal doors (for a description of burglary resistance classes, see the “Steel Doors” section).

Knobset is a widely used American design of handles for interior doors. Synonyms are the terms “knob handle” and “nob” (abbreviations for Knobset or Knob - round). The knobset looks like a ready-to-install kit consisting of a latch and two round handles, although there are also options with push handles (see the material “What is a knobset”).

Cottage doors- a version of metal doors aimed at outdoor use and resistance to precipitation.

Crab, crab system- a multilateral door locking system based on the use of additional devices (doviators) with crossbars driven by the main lock using rods.

Laminate is an artificial coating in the form of a film that imitates the texture of wood and is highly resistant to mechanical stress. It is used to cover fiberboard (fibreboard) in the manufacture of decorative cladding for steel doors, giving it moisture resistance and resistance to damage.

Left-hand (left) doors open towards themselves with their LEFT hand. The hinges in such doors are located on the left side of the door frame.

Solid wood – high-quality natural wood boards from which interior doors are made. It can be solid (the most expensive) or glued, also called eurobeam.

MDF is a medium-density fiberboard used for cladding metal doors. Various elements of interior doors are also made from MDF.

Lever handle - (see "False handle")

Knob - see "Knobset".

Door trim - decorative finishing of metal doors with MDF boards, wood, etc. Can also mean the metal of the door leaf (example: the door is sheathed with two-millimeter metal).

Fireproof (fireproof) doors are designed to withstand fire for periods of time specified by standards, depending on the fire resistance class of the doors.

Pressing the door leaf- a method of breaking doors using a crowbar or crowbar (see “Crowbar”) inserted between the door leaf and the frame, and then squeezing (bending) the door leaf away from the box.

Patented cylinder- a cylinder (see “Cylinder”) with an increased degree of burglary resistance, using modern technologies protected by patents. The most common are patented cylinders from Abloy, Mul-t-Lock and Mottura, installed in armored doors of the highest price categories.

Cylinder pin- small elements of the cylinder (see “Cylinder”) in the form of small cylinders, on the coincidence of which with the pattern of the key the secrecy of a cylinder-type lock is built.

Narthex (quarter)- a constructive solution that closes the gap between the canvas and the box. Usually used in relation to wooden doors. A detailed description of the vestibule with sketches can be found in the “Interior Doors” section.

One and a half (one and a half) doors- double doors, one leaf of which is larger than the other. The passive, second leaf has a small width and is usually in the closed state. One-and-a-half doors are used in openings with a large width, where you need to fill the extra space with something.

Powder paint– a widely used polymer coating used to protect metal doors from the effects of the external environment. After being applied in powder form to the metal, the product is fired, after which the paint acquires its properties and hardens.

Anti-burglary labyrinth– a special design of profiles of the door leaf and door frame, which, when trying to break in using the squeezing method (see “Spin”), form a “lock” that does not allow the doors to be opened.

Fire doors- see “Fire-resistant doors”.

Anti-removal comb- a design solution that prevents the door from being removed after cutting off the hinges, in which the profile of the frame and door is curved in a special way - in the form of a niche and a protrusion (ridge).

A profile is a plastic, aluminum or steel element in the form of a pipe of rectangular or more complex cross-section, from which the frames of metal structures are made. In the production of armored doors, a bent profile is most often used, manufactured by the door manufacturer itself from sheets of metal.

The bolt is a rod that extends from the lock and directly locks the door.

Socket, socket handle- a handle for interior doors, the return mechanism of which is located under a compact decorative casing (rosette) of round or oval shape. The socket does not provide places for cylinders, turntables for latches, etc.

Handle on bar, plate- a door handle, under which there is space for a cylinder, a latch pin or other mechanism. A sign of such a handle is a decorative casing of a rectangular, elongated shape, called a bar or plate.

Silumin is an alloy of aluminum and silicon used as elements of various mechanical devices. It is characterized by low strength and is used in locks and door handles of lower price categories.

Honeycomb filler- cells made of pressed cardboard (usually honeycomb-shaped), used as door leaves in doors of the lowest price ranges - “Canadian” doors, Chinese, etc.

Cold rolled steel- steel that has undergone high pressure treatment, after which the strength characteristics of the metal increase. Used in the production of armored doors.

Door opening (opening) side. The direction of movement of the door leaf when the door is opened (see “Left-handed” and “Right-handed doors”), specified by the side where the hinges are placed on the door frame.

Level castle- the name of a lock, the secret part of which is based on the use of special plates called levers. A sign of such a lock is a safe-type key.

A transom is an additional, often non-opening door leaf, located in the upper or side part of the door block. Usually it contains a double-glazed window, although there are blind options.

Cylinder lock- the name of the lock, the secret part of which is located in the cylinder - a replaceable device, inside of which there are pins that generate a secret code. In most cases, a cylinder lock is unlocked with an English key, which is inserted into the cylinder (see also “Cylinder and Euro-cylinder”).

Lock cylinder (cylinder, eurocylinder). A cylinder or cylinder is a replaceable lock element equipped with a set of keys, inside of which there are special elements - pins. Coinciding with the pattern of the key, the pins allow you to rotate the moving part of the cylinder, which is necessary to open the lock.
A Eurodin type cylinder is called a Eurocylinder, which is the most common version of the cylinders - almost all types of cylinders in our stores are Eurocylinders. Cylinders come in different designs - “key-key”, key-spinner (on one side there is a key, on the other there is a wing-spinner, etc.). See also Patent Cylinder.

Seals (sealing circuit)- gaskets made of elastic material (usually rubber) located around the perimeter of the door frame or leaf. Prevent the penetration of noise, odors and cold air.

A ball hinge is a hinge in which a hardened metal ball is installed inside to reduce friction and ensure easy and smooth movement of the door leaf. Ball hinges are installed in most armored doors.

Veneer is a thin layer of hardwood. When making wooden doors from soft wood, veneering gives them protection from mechanical influences.

Anti-cut pins are special pins in armored doors, in most cases placed on the door frame. When closing, the doors fit into the door leaf, preventing the door from opening when the hinges are cut.

TsAM is an alloy of zinc, aluminum and copper, used, among other things, for the manufacture of door handles. The alloy has become widespread and most high-quality handles are cast from it.

Latch handle - the handle that operates the latch tongue (leaf latch) of the lock. In most cases, a halyard handle is associated with push-type handles - the staple-shaped handles familiar to us all, considered European. Round knobs are considered to be a type of halyard handles (see “Knobsets”)

Panel - a board or plywood installed in the frame of the door leaf. There are also armored doors made using metal panel technology.

A crowbar is a thieves' tool in the form of a small curved crowbar.

Steel profile