How to build a strong house. From what it is better to build a house - choose the material for the walls of the house. Building a house from concrete blocks

The purpose of this article is to help potential developers understand which modern building materials are attractive not only in terms of their price, but also in terms of the feasibility of their use in the construction of private houses.

The growth of individual construction has led to the appearance of various materials on the market, including some that no one had ever heard of before. The range of building materials is so large that even specialists are often lost, not knowing what is best to choose.

As a rule, individual developers focus on the following indicators: the price of materials (including facing materials); the ability to perform all operations with your own hands to the maximum; the total weight of the structure, since the type of foundation and the costs of its installation largely depend on this; the cost of finishing work; durability; frequency of current (overhaul) repairs and operating costs (mainly for heating).

Firstly, comprehensive information on each sample is a topic for a separate review. Secondly, ideal materials do not exist. Each material has its pros and cons, which will be discussed. Thirdly, many of the shortcomings of materials are very relative, since the manifestation of their defects is caused mainly not by the quality of the product, but by the excessive self-confidence of the developer, elementary violations of the production technology of construction and installation work and the technical illiteracy of builders on issues of heat and waterproofing, thermal expansion of building materials , their compatibility, etc., etc.

What kind of house exactly do you need? Need to decide

There are three main types of houses built by private developers.

To the first type refers to a residential building for permanent residence those who live in the countryside, but their work activities are connected with the city, and for those who want to run their own farm on their own plot of land.

These are, as a rule, permanent buildings with a full range of additional premises, such as a boiler room, workshop, sauna, garage. Such houses are designed for year-round living, so their walls must have thermal insulation properties in accordance with the climate of the region.

The engineering equipment of houses for permanent residence should provide maximum communal amenities, surpassing the comfort of a city apartment.

To the second type considered a "second home" or a so-called cottage serving for temporary residence in a suburban area. Buildings of this type usually take into account the possibility of year-round living, so their walls are treated with the same attention as in houses for permanent residence.

To the third type houses include dachas and garden houses - houses for seasonal stay or short-term visits, where you can come to spend weekends during the warm season. Most often, such houses are operated at temperatures not lower than -5 degrees, so the thickness of the walls rarely exceeds 25 cm (one brick), and engineering support is reduced to installing a stove, an outdoor toilet and a well, usually for several houses.

All of these well-known wall designs have their pros and cons. Therefore, the developer needs to have at least a little idea not only about the total cost of building a house from this material, but also about for what advantages of the material he makes his choice in favor of this wall design, and what disadvantages he will therefore have to put up with in the future. further during the operation of the house.

Before starting to build a cottage, you should remember that the box of the house - the foundation, walls and roof - sometimes takes up more than 60% of the cost of the house. And of these costs, about 50% are enclosing structures or walls.

If you decide to build your own home, the first thing you will have to figure out is the amount of materials you will need to build it. The process of counting all the necessary things is quite capacious, tedious and time-consuming, but it is extremely necessary for a stable and successful construction. So let's start with the calculations.

• Decide on the size and volume of the house. Determine the exact footage you need for housing, distribute all the premises, rooms within this footage and choose their arrangement.
• Use the services of a specialist. You can study specialized forums or websites that provide statistical data on how much of each type of building material is needed for a certain size of building or room.
• If you could not find the necessary information online, go to the store and consult with the seller. Ask him which of the available materials is most suitable for you, which materials have the highest quality indicators, and how much of a particular product you need to fill the entire footage.
• Make the final choice between traditional and modern building materials. You evaluate not only the means, but also the manufacturability of construction and the duration of operation. Modern technologies make it possible to obtain material with higher “survivability” indicators, and at the same time at a very reasonable price. The assembly process can be much easier and the end result looks neater and cleaner.
• Before going to the store, review your notes again. Make the adjustment, calculate the quantity and price of all goods. Be sure to order building materials with at least a five percent surplus for emergencies.

The strategic issue is the type of walls. To begin with, we will look at three options for wall structures that are widely used in private housing construction.

good old tree

The traditional material for Russian house construction is wood. About 33% of our houses are built from it.

People who think about what is best to build a private house from, often come to mind with this particular material. After all, a wooden house means health and comfort. Its walls not only “breathe”, but also make the air healing by trapping harmful substances. Wooden walls create optimal humidity in the room and smell pleasant.

The walls of a wooden house have good thermal insulation and keep the house warm in winter and cool in summer. The cost of heating a wooden house can be significantly lower compared to brick walls.

A wooden house can be built from logs (rounded or profiled) and/or from timber (plain or laminated veneer lumber).

Hand-cut log house

This method is the oldest, it was used by our grandfathers and great-grandfathers. We are talking about a log house made by hand. The tree trunk is cut to the required length, and then locks and grooves are made on it. Next, the logs are connected, laying out the outline of the house. You definitely have to wait for the shrinkage - this is about a year, no less. Then they caulk the cracks and line the frames of the windows and doors.

Today this method of constructing a wooden house is not used. Anyone can build a house from rounded logs. This structure is assembled like a construction set, we’ll talk about this later.

Building a house from timber is easier and faster

Neat, smooth logs are processed in production conditions and labeled. Ready-made parts are delivered to the construction site from which the walls are assembled. The beam can have different sizes and cross-sections (rectangular, square, in the shape of the letter D). If it is profiled, then it has protrusions and grooves for connection. An oblique cut helps drain excess water. You can build a house from this material with your own hands.

There are several types of timber for building a house

Sawn timber made from logs with a moisture content of 50 to 70%. As soon as he is cut down, he immediately goes to the construction site. Because of this, the house is subject to shrinkage (up to 10 cm). And sometimes cracks appear on the walls.

Planed timber dried under production conditions. The humidity of the finished product is from 20 to 25%. After drying on a special machine, the products are planed. As a result, shrinkage of the house, although it exists, is very small.

Glued beam made of several layers of lamellas (special boards dried to 6 or 10% humidity). They are glued together under pressure, with the fibers of adjacent layers positioned perpendicular to each other. Finished products have a length of up to 12 m, and a thickness of 7.5 to 30 cm. They do not shrink, do not deform or crack. Therefore, many believe that laminated veneer lumber is the best material for the walls of a wooden house.

The positive aspects of wooden houses are obvious - they are environmentally friendly, frost resistance, speed of construction, seismic and wind resistance. In addition, the wood does not require additional cladding, which promises good budget savings.

There are also disadvantages, but they are relatively few. Firstly, wood is a capricious material. For example, wooden houses often shrink. House shrinkage is a natural process of changing the volume of walls due to the drying of the material from which they are made. The maximum shrinkage is about 10% and is observed in houses made of freshly cut logs. Such a building must stand without finishing for at least 8 months, and usually a year.

During the shrinkage process, the house may develop cracks, which are coated with special compounds. Minimal shrinkage is observed in houses made of laminated veneer lumber and ordinary dried timber. Such materials are almost immediately ready for finishing. However, insulating a house made of timber will require a lot of money.

Another disadvantage of wood is its flammability; a fire can destroy such a structure in a matter of minutes. Therefore, wooden houses are impregnated with special compounds that increase their fire resistance.

Special compounds are needed to protect against rotting and insects. Impregnation is a necessary measure, and the special means themselves are not always environmentally friendly. In addition, a house made of wood requires constant maintenance, especially if it is intended for seasonal living; it must be heated, as damp wood begins to rot.

In general, the durability of wooden houses built by specialists, in compliance with all technological nuances, ranges from 70 to 100 years.

Briefly - the advantages of wood materials

This is one of the most environmentally friendly materials. Building a wooden house is not as expensive as a brick one. In terms of thermal conductivity, wood is significantly superior to brick. A wooden house is usually very beautiful. Often it does not require finishing either inside or outside. The foundation required is light and inexpensive. For example, columnar. A house made of wood, especially one made by hand, lasts a very long time.

Briefly - the disadvantages of wood materials:

The tree burns, can rot and be “eaten up” by fungus. To prevent this, all parts must be treated with special preparations. Shrinkage of a log house can take from 3 to 5 years. Planed timber and log houses can crack.

Brick - it is a brick

Brick is considered one of the most popular materials on the market. More than 50% of houses in Russia are built of brick

Ceramic brick and silicate brick. What is the difference?

Two types of bricks are used in construction: silicate (white) and ceramic (red) bricks.

ceramic brick has a red color. This material is not afraid of frost and does not allow water to pass through. It can be solid (no more than 13% voids) and hollow (up to 49% voids). The shape of the holes in the brick can be round, square, oval, horizontal or vertical. With an increase in their number, the thermal insulation properties improve.

For the construction of external fences, construction crews prefer ceramic bricks. Seven grades of ceramic bricks are produced: from M75 to M300. The higher the numbers, the stronger the brick. You should also pay attention to frost resistance, designated by the letter F. The lowest quality is F15, the highest is F75.

Sand-lime brick consists of a mixture of quartz sand, water and air lime. It is quite durable, frost-resistant, and has good sound insulation. Sand-lime brick is white. Its main components are lime, sand and a small proportion of additives.

This type of brick is also produced both solid and with cavities inside. The latter is lighter, and the walls made of it are much warmer (air is an excellent heat insulator). But solid sand-lime brick may interest the developer in its variety of colors. For the strength of a brick, it does not matter whether it is solid or has cavities inside.

Ordinary and facing bricks and their purpose.

Both types of bricks have different purposes. Ordinary brick is also called construction brick - it is used for internal masonry of walls. For him, small cracks are not considered defective. It doesn’t matter if the corners or edges are slightly broken and there are notches in the corners.

The facing (facing) brick must have an impeccable appearance and be free from nicks and flaws.

About the strength of brick and resistance to frost

Strength determines the brand of brick. There is a special marking for this indicator: the letter M and a number next to it (from 75 to 300). This number is the load that a given brand can withstand per square centimeter. The higher this number, the heavier the brick. For the walls of a two-story or three-story house, brands M100 and M125 are suitable. The base or foundation is laid with M150 or M175 bricks.

When choosing which brick to build a house from, you should also take into account frost resistance (the ability to freeze and thaw without being damaged). To denote this indicator, the letter F was chosen, next to which there is a number from 15 to 100. It means the number of freezing and defrosting cycles without damaging the material. In warmer areas, grade F15 is sufficient for external walls; where it is colder, grade F25 is sufficient. The cladding is usually made with F50 brick.

The main advantages of brick are strength, fire resistance, wide variety and choice on the market, as well as reasonable price. A small brick house can sometimes cost less than a wooden cottage. Brick maintains temperature well and in this sense is ideal for houses where year-round living is planned. But at the same time, brick is seriously inferior to wood in terms of heat transfer.

Brick also has a lot of disadvantages. To build a brick house, you sometimes need to spend one and a half times more time than to build a wooden house. Brick is a heavy material, which complicates its logistics and storage. A brick building requires a strong and powerful foundation, and these are additional costs.

A brick house can last 100 - 150 years. It will perfectly survive rains with hurricanes and hail, and severe frosts, and withering heat. Brick walls have been laid since ancient times, so the technology for their construction has been worked out to the smallest detail. But a good master is not easy to find.

Briefly – the advantages of brick: Attractive look. Durability. Ability to implement any complex project. Resistant to corrosion, mold and mildew. Non-flammability. Noise protection. Good heat retention.

Briefly - the disadvantages of brick: Heavy weight. High demands on professionalism in installation. The need for a solid foundation. The need to use a heat insulator

Inexpensive frame house

And from what cheaper build a house? For some, the answer to this question is most important. In this case, take a closer look at frame technology. In addition to the low cost of such a home, the speed of assembly is also impressive. Just a few weeks - and you can move into a house that will be warm and comfortable.

The basis of such buildings is a frame made of wood or metal. It includes rafters, racks, trusses and other elements. Then insulation is laid, and the whole thing is sheathed on top with dense sheets of chipboard or OSB. The wall of such a house weighs 15 times less than a brick one.

Not much expensive wood is used for the frame - 5 or 10 times less than for a log house. Insulation is the main expense item. However, even the best one, the cost of a wall is 1.5 times cheaper than one made from timber, and compared to brick – 2.7 times cheaper.

Frame houses can be of two types:

Frame and panel house- assembled from ready-made shields. First they connect them, then they make partitions between the rooms. The final stage is building the roof.

Frame house- made on the basis of a “frame” - a frame made of beams and logs resting on a foundation. Next, they put up the rafters and make the sheathing. After making the roof, the frame is sheathed with insulation (mineral wool or PPS). Finally, the outer cladding is done.

Since the main material in the construction of a frame house is insulation, if you carry out the correct calculations of the required quantity, the structure turns out to be quite warm, which will allow you to significantly save on heating.

Briefly – the advantages of a frame house: Extremely low price and fast installation. Good heat saving (if the heating is turned off in frosty conditions of minus 10 °C, the temperature will decrease by 2 °C per day). There is no need for interior decoration, which reduces costs. Communications can be hidden inside the walls, which saves space. No special skills are required to build a frame house cheaply and quickly. With a wooden frame, the most incredible designs become possible. A real flight of fancy is possible. A small shallow foundation is enough for a frame house.

Briefly - the disadvantages of a frame house: a frame house is considered not very environmentally friendly due to the large amount of insulation. Another problem of these houses is various insects and rodents. Like all wooden houses, they are combustible, unstable to natural disasters. Another problem with frame houses is that they are stuffy, so supply and exhaust ventilation is required. A house on a frame will last less than a brick or wooden one.

Instead of a conclusion

What you need to know when choosing material for the walls of the house?

Wall materials and work on the construction of enclosing structures account for a third of all costs for building a house. And if you, like the piglets Nif-Nif and Nuf-Nuf, are careless about this serious choice, you will inevitably incur serious expenses in the future.

Therefore, we will consider the most important criteria and factors that must be taken into account when choosing a material for constructing the walls of a house.

A) A question of price. Costs can be reduced if you use lightweight material for the walls. Then you won’t have to build a powerful and expensive foundation.

B) Thermal insulation. Cold walls will cost too much in winter. Therefore, before choosing a material, you need to make all the calculations, focusing on local climatic conditions. You can achieve the desired degree of thermal insulation by using insulation materials. If you take a material with good heat-insulating properties, then you don’t have to insulate the walls, but it all depends on the region of the building.

B) Labor costs. The cost of time and effort can be reduced if you build the walls from large blocks, rather than from small-piece materials. Such walls are erected 3-4 times faster and easier. The highest speed is when constructing frame panel walls.

D) Subsequent finishing costs. Modern smooth and aesthetic materials do not require additional wall finishing - this allows you to save money.

To decide what is best to build the walls of a house from, it is necessary to consider the main types of suitable building materials, determine and compare their characteristics, advantages and disadvantages.

Comparison of different materials for building walls

And one more piece of advice. When choosing material for building a house, you should not approach the upcoming construction “in a big way.” In fact, a person does not need so much space to be completely happy, especially outside the city. All the savings you achieve by reducing the cost of materials and construction technologies can be negated by the extra floors, rooms and spaces.

We wish you success in finding and finding the only right solution!

Text: Valery Bordyuzhenko -

In principle, each material for building a house has its undeniable advantages and disadvantages. The abundance of choice complicates the question of which house to build for permanent residence. One thing is for sure: for heavy and light materials, the main thing is skillful hands of the developer. An error in calculations will come back to haunt you in any case and will pop up the next day or 10 years later, when it will be very difficult to correct.

What material to choose, what is better and cheaper to build a house from? Let's give a brief overview, as well as the materials for their construction.

What are heavy and light materials?

Heavy materials for construction include, as the name suggests, stones, various blocks, bricks, slabs. Houses made of heavy materials also require an appropriate foundation. Most often, a strip type is used, but if the ground is not the best, it can be combined with a pile-screw type.

When it comes to lightweight materials, it means wood, frames. Of course, these are just conventional names for such houses, which does not mean that the house will be really light in the end. For houses made of wood, it is better to choose the best possible one. stand for several hundred years and the foundation should not fail.

For frames you can save a little, simply choosing the pile option. The shelf life of frame wood is up to 100 years, so if the soil allows you to save money, this is quite realistic.

Brick is expensive, but lasts forever

As they say, a brick can handle anything: hurricanes, frosts, unbearable heat - the natural mood is changeable.

However, this material can withstand even more.

According to statistics, the “shelf life” of a brick house reaches 200 years.

Due to the fact that the material has been in use by builders for a very long time, usually there are no problems with hiring craftsmen.

The range of types of bricks also suits every taste:

1. Ceramic brick is made from clay by molding it and calcining it in special ovens. Possesses high level of strength, refers to environmentally friendly materials for construction. Of course, if it is made with high quality and production standards are met. It can be solid or hollow (up to 50% voids inside). For construction, the second subtype is a priority, since the more voids in the body of the material, the higher its heat-retaining property.
2. Sand-lime brick is made from lime and sand. It is white and looks great, especially the solid variety. Lightweight sand-lime brick - looks very sloppy, but has higher thermal insulation properties.
3. Ordinary and front subtypes of bricks will also find application in the construction of a permanent house. Ordinary - in the interior masonry, front - will decorate the house outside.

Be sure to pay attention to the labeling before ordering a batch of material. It is done in order to know whether masonry made of a particular brick will withstand the weight of the structure and natural phenomena. Usually the material is marked with the letter "M" with two or three numbers. The minimum strength value per square centimeter is 75, the maximum is 200.

Important: When building a basement, the minimum strength is 150; when building a two-story house, you should purchase batches with strength from M125. The more floors, the heavier the attic, the higher the coefficient should be; accordingly, the brick will be heavier, and the cost per cubic meter of material will be higher.

For construction in Russia, especially in the outback, it is very important to take into account the fact that frosts in winter can become severe. Frost resistance is marked “F”, and the indicator varies from 15 to 100.

For cladding a house in a temperate climate, the F50 marking is used; F25 masonry can be done inside. The higher the marking indicator, the greater the number of times the brick will survive freezing without damage to the structure.

Brief summary and characteristics of the material:

• you will get an expensive house frame and foundation;
• very expensive, presentable appearance of the final work;
• phenomenal durability;
• precipitation, temperature changes don’t matter;
• excellent fire resistance;
• difficult to display the box;
• quite “dirty” construction, you need a lot of extra space around.

Conclusion: brick construction is a costly and labor-intensive process.

However, all costs, including financial ones, will be more than compensated for in the long life of the building. Properly selected bricks and competent builders extend the life of a house to 100-200 years without changing the original characteristics.

Concrete blocks

The second most popular material for laying load-bearing walls, in comparison with brick. Strong material, more profitable financially and much more easier to build. In summer - the house is kept cool, in winter - warm and cozy, precipitation and other natural phenomena are not terrible quality concrete block.

Advantages of building from concrete blocks:

1. The first thing I want to note is the fire resistance of the material. Concrete does not burn, so, unlike building with wood, the house is safe from external fires and will withstand direct fire for several hours.
2. The material tolerates frost well.
3. For those who need good sound insulation in the house, construction from concrete blocks is suitable. Thanks to the structure of the concrete itself, no extraneous noise will be heard in the house.
4. When built correctly, the thermal insulation is quite good. Together with an external, well-built heating circuit, you can achieve good savings on home heating.
5. A building made from blocks, like brick, can be used for a long time. On average, without major renovations, a house will last 80-120 years.
6. Concrete blocks do not rot, do not become covered with mold and mildew.
7. The versatility of the material allows you to build residential buildings, and garages, and multi-storey buildings of any type.

The disadvantages include unpresentable appearance of the house without finishing. Therefore, when calculating the budget for construction, one should take into account the external “marafet”. In addition, construction should only be done in dry weather and takes a considerable amount of time, due in part to the changeable weather. Due to the high level of groundwater in some areas of the country, waterproofing may be necessary.

What you need to know about concrete blocks?

Concrete blocks are of several types and differ from each other:

• brand (from 50 to 100) - this is an indicator of the strength of the product;
• frost resistance - from 15 to 200.

Strength markings must correspond to the total weight of the building. That is, for the basement - the highest value, for a house of 2 floors - approximately M75 (it also depends on the size of the attic). Frost resistance, as already discussed, depends on the location of the future building.

Very important for quality construction explore the soil under the house site. To do this, it is better to play it safe and hire specialists, which will also be very expensive. But, if you choose the wrong type of foundation and the building begins to slide, the costs will be even greater. For “turbulent” lands, a monolithic type of foundation is suitable (if the house is not large), as well as pile and strip.

Conclusion: Concrete blocks are only slightly inferior in quality to brick.

However price and ease of construction are more attractive, if you choose between these two materials. Additional costs may be required for waterproofing, as well as external insulation and finishing.

Construction from natural stones

People have been using natural stones for a very long time. Many old-timers remember the times when construction from this material cost a penny, since the stone was not very valued and was simply mined. Natural stone was especially available in areas close to the mining site.

Now the situation has changed radically and we can afford Construction from sandstones, shell rock, granite, basalt is sometimes more expensive than we would like. Things are more or less good with natural stone construction near the mountains, that is, near the mining site.

Advantages using natural stone for building a house:

• for non-remote areas this material will be inexpensive; the further away from the mining sites, the more expensive high-quality material will cost;
• the material is the cleanest in environmental terms of all heavy building materials;
• the blocks are quite large, so construction will not take longer;
• depending on the deposit, the porosity of the shell rock is different, which means the thermal conductivity changes;
• good sound insulation;
• perfectly survives all weather changes, does not rot, is not covered with bacteria with proper construction.

Like any other material, natural stones have their own flaws:

• heavy: you need a good, expensive foundation and additional costs for the construction of the box;
• different shapes of each block create additional difficulties when docking, more cement will be required;
• very serious waterproofing is required: the material absorbs moisture;
• the facade of the wall made of shell rock is finished on a reinforced mesh, otherwise everything will quickly fly around.

Conclusion: minor difficulties associated with the construction are more than paid off, due to the fact that the material is environmentally friendly, the house will last a long time.

Having chosen the correct density (all natural stones are also marked) stone, it is possible to equip both the basement and the upper floors with it. And the cost per cube will depend on the customer’s area of ​​residence.

Construction from thermal panels

Thermal panels or panels from are a relatively new product for construction. If the material for construction is selected on the basis of savings, in the first place, then you can take a closer look at this option. Frame thermal panels declare themselves as the most heat-saving material. In addition, building a house from new material is quite fast.

The panel consists of clinker tiles and thermal insulation in the form of polystyrene foam. The main disadvantage of frame thermal panels is that they 100% synthetic material. That is, for connoisseurs of environmentally friendly buildings, the panels will not be suitable under any circumstances. The material does not absorb moisture, is not subject to destruction, withstands compression very well, pressure from all sides, does not burn, and perfectly withstands any natural changes.

Other dignity panels:

• excellent appearance;
• in tandem with thermal panels outside, heat loss is immediately reduced by 30-35%;
• very tight joining of panels, thanks to their precise cutting.

TO shortcomings It has already been said that they are not environmentally friendly. In addition, you can supplement this list with the fact that additional panels of corner shapes are needed to decorate the shape of the house. These building materials have passed all known tests and meet modern requirements.

Conclusion: the use of frame thermal panels is an economical option that provides a very solid appearance to the finished building.

The outside of the house without exterior decoration will look like brickwork. The clinker board is connected to polystyrene foam with a special high-quality construction adhesive under high pressure, which ensures high strength of the final work.

Which house is better?

Wooden houses

The most environmentally friendly type of construction. Forest has long been used for construction. The best trees for building a house - pine, cedar and larch. Coniferous trees are less affected by fungi, have good indicators of resistance to weather conditions. Larch material does not rot or rot. Natural resin has a bactericidal property.

Since time immemorial, mankind has built its homes from clean, breathable natural material - wood. A huge number of surviving architectural monuments are built of wood. The durability of such buildings is estimated in hundreds of years and is amazing.

Larch wooden houses

No wonder this tree is called "iron", those who have dealt with this material know that this wood very dense and heavy. It has an amazing quality for wood - increased fire resistance. Over time, larch only becomes denser, this is the only tree that doesn't rot at all.

In addition, for people with respiratory problems, doctors strongly recommend visiting the larch forest more often. It turns out that living in a house made of this material is three times better for your health. Great house for living with family, children.

Cedar houses

One of the most expensive materials for construction is oak. It is close in density to larch trees and can withstand phenomenal loads. A house built from this material can withstand an earthquake of up to magnitude 7. In addition, cedar has thermal insulation properties, more than other trees.

House made of pine timber

Most popular material in construction, due to the lower cost per cubic meter of material. This material has good thermal insulation and allows you to build a house on 2-3 floors. A properly assembled house will last at least 150 years with timely maintenance and replacement of the lower crowns.

Log house

This construction technology has been developed over centuries and has reached us in its most refined form. The trunk is cleared of bark and dried for a long time under natural conditions.

Professional builders know that material that is dried under a roof or a canopy on the street retains its properties much longer than those dried in the dryers of timber processing enterprises.

Log houses are unique; each house can be completely different from the others. A well-built wooden house retains heat perfectly.

In room there will always be a healthy microclimate, clean air. The disadvantages include the cost of construction and its duration.

First, a bar is purchased and dried under the flooring for at least 3-4 months, then a box is assembled. The work of the craftsmen also costs a pretty penny. Then the log house (read:) should stand for a year or two, otherwise it will be driven and cracks will go. After shrinkage, you can do the finishing, conduct water, connect to electricity, install windows and the like. All this takes a lot of money and time.

How log houses are made:

1. The largest, resinous and thick logs are placed in the first rows - the crown of the log house. Waterproofing must be provided before installation. You can use roofing felt, waterproofing material, etc.
2. In each subsequent log, a longitudinal recess is made for closer contact between the rows of logs. In this way all rows are assembled.
3. After the initial shrinkage (about 3 months), the logs are marked, disassembled and assembled again, laying all the longitudinal grooves with moss, tow or modern materials.
4. After complete shrinkage (1.5 years), the logs are caulked using insulation. Caulking is done only after the roof and windows are ready.
5. Sometimes after 5-7 years, when complete shrinkage occurs, you have to caulk again, as new gaps appear and the heat blows out.

Of course, the above stages are described only in general terms, but this will allow us to better visualize the stages of construction of a log house.

Conclusion: building a log house is a way to show your imagination to the fullest. The design of such a house can be absolutely anything. The thickness of the walls and the lower crown make the building not only warm, but also the most durable from all other wooden buildings.

Construction from rounded logs

Construction from rounded logs is the use of even logs of equal size and diameter, which manufactured industrially. Of course, you can use your golden hands to prepare the material, but, as practice shows, this is a long and labor-intensive task.

After the purchase, according to the construction plan, the customer receives a ready-made log impregnated with special compounds, which only needs to be assembled into a log house. The larger the house is planned, the larger the diameter of the log should be. Thanks to high-quality processing, the logs fit well together and each crown fits well on the previous one.

The method of building from rounded logs is similar to the chopped method. The advantage of this type of construction can be considered environmental friendliness and beautiful appearance, even without exterior decoration. By the way, it is not at all mandatory for most regions of the country.

Conclusion: ordering and buying a rounded log will cost more than buying unprocessed wood and peeling off the bark, processing and turning the log yourself. But, in any case, houses are made of such material they look very nice and respectable. The house will be warm, breathable, environmentally friendly.

Frame houses

Another subspecies of construction, which is considered very new and seductive for its speed of construction.

A rigid frame is assembled from timber, and the main material is installed between the load-bearing beams.

Less commonly, a frame is made from metal beams; they will be discussed below.

1. Frame-panel. A frame is built from beams, sheathed on the inside and outside with slabs made of large chips or others, and insulation is laid between the slab material. The main advantage is the speed of construction. Among the shortcomings - the need to use special equipment.
2. SIP panels. These panels consist of insulation (expanded polystyrene) covered on both sides with OSB boards. Walls, ceilings, and floors are built from this material. These panels are smaller than in the case of a frame-panel house, so a crane is not needed and you can build a building with your own hands. Of all the frames, this method is the easiest for novice builders.
3. Frame houses. Compared to others, such a building will cost the least. The frame is assembled from thick boards and placed on a foundation box. You can use laminated veneer lumber rather than boards (half-timbered frame-frame construction method). The finished frame is filled with brick, stones, double-glazed windows, and wood.
4. Metal frame houses. The construction principle is similar to the previous ones, with the exception of the frame material. Metal bases are used, in combination with insulated slabs. Such houses are considered lightweight, with a service life of about 80 years (according to the warranty from the manufacturers of such frames, which is not possible to verify). Despite the thermal profile used, heating such a house will definitely cost more money than its wooden “brother.”

Conclusion: construction using the frame method is clean and inexpensive.

In addition, little space is needed; construction can be carried out “from the body”, without unloading panels and material, if the space on the site does not allow or is occupied by plantings. To increase the lifespan of a frame house, it is important to correctly calculate and design the frame itself, take the foundation seriously.

What is the cheapest material to build a permanent house from?

As already noted, a house that will stand for centuries is a priori expensive for its owner at the time of construction. However, for budget construction there is an innovation of recent decades - framers.

The lighter the walls, the cheaper it will cost. If you use inexpensive SIP panels, the price will become even lower. However, many are distrustful of the walls of the house, which can be pierced with a large knife using a lot of force.

Heavy materials are the cheapest for construction made of cellular concrete or thermal panels. Construction will be expensive made of bricks and ceramic blocks. For these buildings, the cost of work will be higher, since the blocks themselves are not easy to lift.

The same conditions will apply to the foundation: the more durable, stronger, the more expensive it will be both in terms of materials and labor costs. Ideal for a small house pile foundation, if you have an idea to add a second floor or a good attic, it’s better to be safe.

What to build a house on a small plot?

To organize the construction of heavy materials, you need a scope for the area. The site will need to be divided into zones for the foundation, for placing a warehouse with material (minimum - a shed), for mixing concrete. It is also worth thinking about the heap of garbage, which will certainly be collected.

Debris, packaging, empty boxes, defective material and similar work issues. Workers need a place to at least have lunch or have a smoke break.

Pay attention to construction from frame thermal panels. Despite the fact that this material is more heavy, you can build with it directly from the car. In terms of timing, finances and local costs, this is a profitable material.

As for lightweight materials, the work will require a much smaller area. Most of all - for working with timber, log, will take the least frame, especially from SIP panels. If the plot is extremely small, there are already plantings or there is only room for a house, it is better to give preference to wood and frames.

What is the final cost of construction?

When evaluating and comparing materials, the question involuntarily arises: what else, besides the main raw materials, will the money be spent on?

Not every site owner can immediately put on the table in front of the builders the amount that will be required for turnkey construction.

Usually, especially for young families, it is customary to divide the work into parts and build it in stages.

So, the total amount will be the sum of:

• the complexity of the shape of the house, its number of storeys (complication of the work of the team);
• internal layout;
• insulation;
• external finishing;
• roofing costs;
• building materials;
• foundation - almost 40% of all costs;
• interior decoration;
• the severity of the base material;
• additional accessories;
• conducting communications;
• waterproofing;
• heating system installation;
• other minor expenses.

The list is pretty impressive. Depending on the choice of material, it can both grow and decrease. However, building your own home is a real a way to create a truly cozy dream home, which everyone has fantasized about in one way or another.

The abundance of building materials in our time is growing every year. The search for the ideal material will probably continue for hundreds of years. However, in order to build a good-quality house in which it will not be cold, scary or expensive to live in, it is worth turning to materials that have been proven over centuries.

There will always be no competition brick and wood. These are the most reliable, long-lived houses that are inexpensive to operate and are good in terms of environmental friendliness. If the issue is financial, it is better to choose modern methods: frame houses, thermal panels.

Average houses by money investment – from sand blocks, sand cement blocks, concrete blocks etc. Block buildings retain heat well in winter, as they cool down for quite a long time, and in summer the room remains pleasantly cool.

Who doesn’t dream of a big country house today? But before you decide to make your dream come true and start building a home, you should think carefully about the purposes for which the future construction is planned. If you need a summer house for a seasonal stay, that’s one thing, but building a house for permanent residence is a completely different format of construction. And the most exciting question: what to build a house from inexpensively and with high quality. Let's try to figure it out in our article.

Source domastroika.com

The first thing you need to decide on when deciding to build your own home for permanent residence is the building material, the choice of which depends on a huge number of related factors:

• strength and durability;
• microclimate inside residential premises;
• thermal conductivity and sound insulation;
• frost resistance;
• thermal insulation and moisture resistance.

What materials does the modern market offer for suburban construction, and what is the best material to use to build a house for permanent residence?

Of course, you need to choose material for individual construction taking into account all the above parameters, but The main criterion is considered to be strength, since it is this that forms the structure of the building and affects the load-bearing function of the walls.

When choosing what to build a house from for permanent residence, all materials can be divided into four main groups:

• brick and stone;
• lightweight concrete materials;
• tree;
• chipboard panels.

Construction of a house for permanent residence made of brick

Buildings made of brick are the most massive structures. They perfectly resist the effects of all kinds of natural factors and, at the same time, have an attractive appearance. However, in order to build your own house from the most popular material at first glance - brick, you will have to incur significant financial costs.

Source sk-mera.ru

The main advantages of a brick house are the high strength of the material. And in terms of its load-bearing capacity characteristics, a wall erected from this type of building materials is almost as good as concrete. Such characteristics are ideal for both low-rise suburban construction and the construction of multi-storey buildings. In addition, a house made of brick will not burn, rot or shrink.

Only, in terms of energy efficiency, walls made of ceramic or sand-lime bricks lag significantly behind other building materials. In order to ensure sufficient energy efficiency for a private home, a brick wall must have a minimum thickness of 120 cm. It becomes clear that no one will build a “bunker” with such walls for permanent year-round living, so today brick is increasingly used as a facing material.

Another important disadvantage of building a house made of bricks is the high cost of the material, so it is important to correctly calculate your financial capabilities, otherwise construction may take a very long time.

Summarizing all of the above, we can say that the main The advantages of brick as a building material are:

• the possibility of long-term operation of the built house;
• high frost resistance;
• precise geometry of products;
• good combination with any type of masonry mortar;
• high strength;
• aesthetic appearance.

However, brick has many disadvantages:

1. Low moisture resistance some types of material. For example, sand-lime brick strongly absorbs water; this can be clearly seen when it takes on a dark tint during rain. This quality greatly affects the humidity indoors. In this regard, sand-lime brick is not used for laying basements and basements; sand-lime brick should not be used when building a house in regions with high air humidity.
2. High thermal conductivity. To achieve positive characteristics, it is necessary to resort to additional costs for thermal insulation of walls or thickening them.
3. High product weight. The brick has a large mass, which makes the structure heavier and creates an even greater load on the foundation. To solve this problem, it is necessary to build a stronger and more solid foundation, and this further increases construction costs.
4. High cost of material.

So, it turns out that brick has significant disadvantages, so before making it the main material in the construction of a private house, you should think carefully.

brick houses

Source comfortoria.ru

Building a house from concrete blocks

Today, among building materials, brick is significantly reducing its position, giving way to modern building blocks.

Affordable price is the main reason determining the choice of blocks. At the same time, building a house for permanent residence from blocks is not only cheaper, but also much faster, since such large-sized material in quantity can replace from 4 to 14 ordinary bricks.

Today the building materials market offers these types of blocks:

• gas blocks;
• foam blocks;
• cinder blocks;
• expanded clay concrete blocks;
• wood concrete;
• shell rock blocks.

Let's take a closer look at each type.

Gas and foam blocks

Gas and foam blocks have the same technical characteristics and are excellent for the construction of low-rise buildings. Their only difference is the internal structure of the material.

Gas blocks are made from a homogeneous mixture of sand, cement and lime with the addition of a special powder - a gas-forming agent, in order to achieve small through channels inside the block.

Source dizajio.com.ua

Foam blocks, on the contrary, they have closed pores inside the material. Such a structure is achieved during production by adding special substances - foaming agents to the concrete solution. It is worth noting that such production allows you to increase the quality of foam blocks, creating additional energy-saving opportunities for the material and significantly reducing its weight. Also, unlike a gas block, the open channels of which conduct moisture well, foam blocks do not need additional protection from moisture.

They produce blocks of various formats and thicknesses, which allows the developer to choose the best material for individual construction without extra costs for additional insulation. Good geometric data make it possible to build houses with a complex structure.

Also, foam blocks and gas blocks do not need complex finishing, this can be done using putty or decorative plaster.

In addition to all these advantages, a weighty argument in choosing this particular material for construction will be its low cost. Average price on the construction market 1 m 3 is about 3 thousand rubles.

Among the disadvantages of foam and gas blocks are: the following characteristics of these materials:

• fragility;
• high water permeability (for gas blocks);
• mandatory external and internal decoration of the house;
• the presence of chemical elements in the composition.

houses made of gas blocks and foam blocks from construction companies represented at the exhibition of Low-Rise Country houses.

Cinder blocks and expanded clay concrete blocks

Cinder blocks are also inexpensive building materials, however, due to the too high thermal conductivity of the erected walls, they require additional insulation. In addition, the cinder block has a lot of weight. It is these shortcomings that can explain the fact that consumers prefer expanded clay concrete blocks.

Source action-stroy.ru

As positive characteristics of cinder block developers highlight:

• fire resistance;
• low cost;
• high thermal insulation;
• resistance to fungus and mold;
• long service life of the built house.

The main disadvantages of cinder block are:

• fragility of the material;
• low moisture resistance;
• low sound insulation;
• the need for interior and exterior decoration of the house.

Expanded clay block products, at the same cost, are less thermally conductive, more durable and environmentally friendly material.

Expanded clay blocks are a material consisting of expanded clay gravel (the result of special firing of clay) and cement mortar. Such raw materials have high strength indicators and are designed for the construction of individual houses up to 3 floors. At the same time, the construction process does not take much time. In addition, expanded clay concrete is a fairly warm and environmentally friendly building material, as it does not contain synthetic additives.

Good vapor permeability creates an optimal balance of humidity in the living room.

Prices for expanded clay blocks quite acceptable, 1m 3 will cost approximately 3 thousand rubles.

And also, on our website you can get acquainted with the most popular projects houses made of expanded clay blocks from construction companies represented at the exhibition of Low-Rise Country houses.

Arbolit

The constituent components of wood concrete blocks are wood chips and cement mortar with special additives. This composition allows you to get a warm and light block.

Source woodh.ru

Due to its density, wood concrete allows the construction of small buildings, while due to its elasticity, it is able to withstand, among other things, floor slabs.

This material breathes well, is very environmentally friendly, and has excellent heat and sound insulation.

The disadvantages of wood concrete include:

1. High moisture absorption rate. A house made of wood concrete blocks requires additional protection from moisture, which means that you will have to spend money on insulating and specialized moisture-repellent finishing materials.
2. The uneven surface of the block leads to some difficulties during the construction of walls, and also causes high consumption of concrete mortar.

Also, a significant disadvantage of wood concrete is often considered to be the large amount of low-quality material on the construction market. Due to the fact that the production of blocks does not require specialized equipment, they are often produced using handicraft methods, using uncertified chemical additives and violations of production technology. All this causes a deterioration in the quality of the finished raw materials, so you need to buy wood concrete only from trusted sellers and manufacturers.

Prices for purchasing wood concrete start from 4 thousand rubles per 1 m 3.

You can also check out the most popular projects on our website. wood concrete houses from construction companies represented at the exhibition of Low-Rise Country houses.

Shell rock blocks

This type of material is the most expensive among blocks and will cost at least 5 thousand rubles per 1 m 3. At the same time, the technique of obtaining raw materials from marine sedimentary masses additionally imparts fragility to shell rock.

Advantages of shell rock blocks:

• sound absorption;
• good thermal insulation;
• durability;
• good vapor permeability;
• environmental friendliness.

In addition, shell rock has a number of exceptional properties determined by its nature. Thus, during its formation, the material is impregnated with sea salt and absorbs a large amount of iodine. The presence of these substances in the composition of raw materials gives the house made from it healing properties. Also, thanks to iodine, shell rock walls protect very well from radiation.

1. The need for strengthening in the case of building a house of more than two floors using special armored belts.
2. Lack of standardized block shapes (it is practically impossible to find two shell rock blocks of the same shape).
3. The need for additional protection of the structure from moisture.
4. Due to its fragility, the material requires care during transportation, as well as unloading or unloading.

Source recon-stroi.ru

Construction of wooden houses for permanent residence

As for wood, there are two options for building materials:

1. log;
2. beam;

A house for permanent residence made of wood puts minimal load on the foundation, which allows you to save money already at the very first stage of construction.

An important point when choosing building materials is also considered to be that it is possible to build wooden houses regardless of the time of year and in any weather.

House made of timber

Modern timber will allow you to build a neat individual home in any style. It has good geometric parameters, rectangular or square cross-section and smooth, very even sides. Houses made of timber have minimal shrinkage, the manufacture of a log house does not require the use of special construction equipment, and the aesthetic properties of the material allow you to do without external and internal finishing, and thereby save on finishing work.

Source strojka-doma.ru

The timber has a large number of advantages:

• environmental friendliness;
• aesthetics;
• efficiency of construction;
• high level of sound insulation and good thermal conductivity;
• strength and reliability of the structure;
• Possibility of installation at any time of the year;
• does not require the construction of a bulky, expensive foundation;
• does not require decorative finishing;
• positive, healing properties from wood.

However, timber also has disadvantages:

1. The need for additional material processing. The main, common disadvantage of wood products is its susceptibility to moisture and insects. In addition, over time it has the ability to crack and rot, thereby losing its original aesthetic appearance, so the wood must be constantly treated with special substances.
2. High fire hazard of the material. Any wood is highly flammable, and because of this requires additional protection by treating it with fire-retardant compounds.
3. Requires additional costs for heat and waterproofing.
4. Long-term shrinkage. Despite the slight shrinkage, a private house will sag within six months. In this case, during the shrinkage process, cracks may appear in the walls.

On our website you can get acquainted with the most popular projects houses made of double timber, laminated timber and profiled timber from construction companies represented at the exhibition of Low-Rise Country houses.

Log house

The classics of wooden houses are log buildings. In addition to the traditional Russian hut, modern construction technologies make it possible to build a log house of any configuration, from a small Finnish house to a cozy cottage in the Art Nouveau style.

Source kirpich174.ru

Modern construction logs are 100% natural and environmentally friendly, which provides excellent natural ventilation of the room.

As in the case of timber, no costs are required for a massive foundation.

Strength, reliability and beautiful appearance are also the main characteristics of a log house.

The quick heating of a house made of wood is also an advantage, because it significantly saves heating costs.

The availability and lightness of the material allow you to build a comfortable wooden house in the shortest possible time.

To the disadvantages of logs, like any wooden material, include:

• susceptibility to rotting;
• strong and long-term shrinkage;
• fire hazard of the material;
• additional costs for insulation and waterproofing of the structure.

Today the construction market offers two types of logs, chopped or rounded.

Rounded log– a product of industrial processing of lumber. It has a lower price, does not require additional finishing and looks quite attractive.

Chopped logs They are more expensive due to their manual processing, but are more durable.

Beautiful house made of rounded logs Source tr.decorexpro.com

When deciding which specific construction technology to choose, you should pay attention to two aspects:

1. When building a house from timber and industrially processed logs, there is absolutely no need to cut out recesses (bowls) for greater stability of the structure.
2. If you choose to build a house from hand-cut logs, you will have to pay for the very expensive labor of a professional hewer (a specialist who will cut out bowls - special recesses for connecting logs into a log house).

Building a house from a log can hardly be called completely affordable. So, cost of 1 m3 of rounded logs ranges from 7 to 10 thousand rubles, and chopped is much higher.

Also, on our website you can get acquainted with the most popular projects houses made of hand-cut logs and rounded logs from construction companies represented at the exhibition of Low-Rise Country houses.

Construction of a frame house for permanent residence

At the current stage of development, there are more than 20 technologies used to build private houses. It is impossible to say unequivocally that this technology is the best, and this one is completely bad. They are all imperfect, they all have positive and negative aspects. To correctly answer the question “What kind of house to build”, you need to decide on the basic requirements that you place on your home. Choose a technology for them. Everyone has their own definition of the best home, and so do the materials and technologies.

What are houses made of?

All external walls can be divided into two large groups: inertial and non-inertial. Inertia houses are built from materials with high heat capacity. They tend to accumulate heat and then emit it. Moreover, the radiation comes in the infrared range. Such houses are warm even at relatively low air temperatures. The feeling is this: infrared heat is better perceived by our body.

The walls of non-inertial houses are a “pie” of materials of different composition and sequence. But they all have one property: the materials have good or excellent thermal insulation properties, but have low heat capacity. The main difference between houses of this type is that it is not the walls that heat up, but the air, and it warms up quickly, but also cools down. In order for the heat to last for a long time, the rooms are made airtight. And this has its downsides. Let's talk about the properties and materials of both in more detail.

Inertial materials

Inertial wall material tends to accumulate heat and remove moisture. To retain the accumulated heat for as long as possible, external insulation is required for them. The advantage of rooms made of inertial materials is that in the absence of heating they “hold” the temperature for quite a long time. It follows that such technologies are more appropriate for permanent residences. For temporary visits - for dachas - they are inconvenient and irrational: it takes a lot of time for the walls to warm up. In the meantime, the walls are cold and the rooms are chilly.

Materials for the construction of inertial houses:

• ceramic brick (solid and hollow);
• adobe;
• ceramic blocks;
• foam block and monolith from it;
• gas block;
• expanded clay concrete blocks and monolith;
• adobe houses;
• cinder block.

The main disadvantage of houses of this type is the relatively high cost and duration of construction. Somewhere these shortcomings are more pronounced, somewhere less, but in general they are like this: a strong foundation is required, the walls take a long time to build.

Inertia-free materials

Inertia-free houses are built from materials with low energy intensity. These are mainly modern materials and technologies that provide a multi-layer cake for walls. The main point is that almost all of them have low vapor permeability or do not conduct vapor at all. It’s the same with air: it doesn’t pass through walls. This means that to regulate humidity and ensure the flow of fresh air and remove carbon dioxide, a competent ventilation system is necessary.

The main requirement for inertia-free houses is compliance with the technology and the tightness of the room, and ventilation is necessary to regulate air conditions

Inertia-free houses are built from the following materials:

• 3D panel, MDM, SOTA - inside the system there is polystyrene foam, and outside there is densely reinforced concrete;
• Thermohouse, Izodom - concrete is poured into permanent formwork made of polystyrene foam;
• polystyrene concrete - a new type of material - concrete with polystyrene filler;
• sandwich panels - most often they are used to build industrial facilities, but sometimes, in order to save money, they build country houses;
• SIP panels - insulation (mineral wool or polystyrene) between two OSB boards;
• frame houses - insulation between plywood or OSB slabs:
• Vacuum panels are a new construction technology that is not yet used in private housing construction, but already exists.

The main advantage of non-inertial houses is the short time and low cost of construction. Since the walls are light, the foundations for such buildings are inexpensive. Since they account for a significant part of construction costs, the overall reduction in construction costs is significant. If you are deciding what kind of house to build and the key constraint is money and/or time to build it, you may need to choose from these materials. But at the same time, we must not forget about the design of ventilation systems and be sure to take its cost into account when making calculations, otherwise living will be very uncomfortable, and in some cases, impossible.

This is a diagram used by sellers of new technologies to demonstrate their advantages, “forgetting” to talk about the disadvantages

Wooden houses

Wooden houses stand apart. These are houses made of logs or timber (regular, profiled, glued). On the one hand, the walls breathe, on the other, their inertia is small. Previously, such buildings could be classified as partially inertial due to the fact that in the center of the building there was a stove with a large heat capacity. The heat accumulated in it warmed the house until the fire burned.

When building wooden houses today, few people install a brick stove for heating. This is mainly water heating. Therefore, houses can be classified as non-inertial: if a large-diameter log still has at least some significant inertia, then the heat stored in a 150*150 mm beam is definitely not enough. You have to either add fuel at night, or install combination boilers that run on electricity at night. There is another way out - to do external insulation. The measure is understandable and quite effective, but only if the insulation and finishing material are vapor permeable.

Without proper care, a wooden house will look like this

There is another important aspect: in order for wooden houses to have a normal appearance, they require annual maintenance. This means that every year or every two years (depending on the type of processing) you will either have to work with a brush yourself or hire workers. Without this, a beautiful building will turn black and unattractive. Actually, then there is a way out - to do the exterior finishing, but this is also an expense, as is the maintenance of wood - impregnation, paint cost a lot.

As you can see, there really are no ideal technologies. To decide which house to build, you need to proceed from your situation, decide on the key points that will allow you to choose the material for the walls and the technology for its construction correctly and with awareness of all the nuances. Let's take a closer look at a few of the most typical home requirements.

Which house is cheaper to build?

Let's start with the fact that the costs of constructing the foundation and frame of a house from all industrially produced inertial materials are definitely more expensive than from non-inertial ones. They have a higher density, and this is reflected in the mass of the building, which leads to an increase in the cost of the foundation.

The most expensive house is brick. We will take it as a standard and compare the cost of construction using other technologies with it. The next most expensive is made from ceramic blocks - about 90% of the price of brick. The most inexpensive of this group are adobe and adobe houses.

An adobe house is 100% eco-friendly, warm, and cheap. A fairy tale, not a technology

If you have time and the weather permits, over the summer you can make and dry adobe bricks for a very large house. In terms of the cost of materials, they can compete with many modern technologies. Especially if you have the opportunity to extract clay yourself. The remaining fillers are straw, manure, etc. - also either free or cost a little. The only point is that it takes time to make bricks, and sometimes it is more expensive than money - after all, there are no industrially made ones. Another limitation is the climate - not everyone’s weather will allow them to dry the clay to stone density. So this technology is available for low-cost construction in regions with hot summers.

More expensive than adobe, but significantly cheaper than brick and block buildings. Aerated concrete, expanded clay concrete and foam concrete blocks require approximately 70-75% of the estimate for the construction of a similar brick house. But aerated concrete requires excellent waterproofing and using it in areas with high groundwater levels is risky. Cinder concrete is inexpensive. By the way, you can also do it yourself. But the service life of slag concrete is about 50 years. Then it will collapse.

Even less - about 30-50% of the cost of a brick house is required for the construction of non-inertial houses. The cheapest so far are SIP panels. They take no more than a third of the price of brick construction. For carcasses - about 40% will be required. But at the same time, the service life is about 25-50 years, depending on the quality of the materials and the accuracy of the technology. However, for this entire group, adherence to technology is key: even small deviations can have disastrous consequences.

Once again, please note that the cost of the ventilation system must be added to the cost of all non-inertial boxes. If it works out - natural, if not - forced will be necessary (it is much more expensive to install and maintain). But there must be ventilation, and it must be calculated correctly.

The construction of a wooden house will require about 60-70% of the cost of a brick one. But here it is still necessary to include caulking and grinding the log house. You won't be able to get by without them. However, if a wooden house is immediately planned for finishing, sanding is not required.

What is the fastest way to build?

The longest construction period is for a brick house (again). Its construction will take at least a year. This is if all technical processes proceed without delays. It will take about 6 months to make a box of building blocks from finished adobe. It is possible to build a house from all types of panels for 1-3 months. The same amount will be required for the assembly of frame houses.

And again, wooden houses do not fit into any group. If you cut corners on the spot, you will assemble the walls for about a month, perhaps two. If you ordered a ready-made project and a layout with cut-out bowls was delivered to the site, you can put it together in a few days. Add time to the foundation and roof. The total will be up to six months. But you won’t be able to move in immediately after the walls have been removed - you will need to wait at least six months or even a year before finishing can begin - it depends on the initial importance of the material.

Only a house made of glued laminated timber can be finished immediately. All other wooden houses must stand for at least six months - the wood must dry out and sit down, take on its operational dimensions. The difference in height can be up to 15-20 cm per frame, and this is a lot. Therefore, finishing begins only after 9-12 months. So put the box and quickly move into it in this case will not work.

So, there is a sea of ​​features. But if you are deciding what kind of house to build in the country, and you plan to stay there only during the season, and you don’t want or have the opportunity to spend a lot of money, then pay attention to frames or SIP panels. They are inexpensive and are built quickly. Just study the technology thoroughly: they don’t like mistakes.

My home is my castle

If we talk about the strength of the walls, then brick houses come first. These are definitely bulletproof walls. Quite strong - expanded clay concrete, cinder block, adobe technologies. Their density is also enough to stop a bullet. With other building blocks it is a little more difficult - you need to look at the density.

Expanded clay concrete is a good choice - dense enough to be reliable, average in price and construction speed (about 6 months)

Houses with concrete components 3D panel, MDM, SOTA, Thermod, Izod are quite durable. All other technologies are in no way an obstacle to serious shock loads. Of course, nothing can break through them, but they are definitely not a fortress.

As you can see, it is impossible to say unequivocally that some technology is the best. Weigh the advantages and disadvantages, choose the most important points and determine for yourself what kind of house will be built so that it meets your requirements.

In our country, individual construction has been actively developing in recent decades. In addition to the construction of warm and durable houses from classic wood and brick, new materials and technologies are increasingly being used, primarily borrowed from abroad.

New materials for house construction are being developed to simplify and speed up installation and increase the heat-saving characteristics of external walls. But in itself, the low cost of the material for building the box of the building and its good technical characteristics do not guarantee that the final costs will be small, and the house will turn out to be warm and cozy.

To choose cheap materials for construction, the following factors are taken into account:

• Climate and location of the building site. This factor influences the choice of wall thickness and the need for additional insulation.
• Soil type. Affects the choice of foundation and the technology of waterproofing the underground part.

Thus, it is important not only to compare the cost of materials for building structures, but also to determine which is the cheapest option suitable for specific operating conditions.

Final cost of work

It is the final cost of the work that should be taken into account when assessing the characteristics and cost of materials for building the walls of a house and looking for the most budget option.

The final construction costs are made up of a number of components:

• Architecture – the simpler, the cheaper.
• Engineering solutions – selection of the optimal design option for each design.
• Internal layout is a rational approach to using space to get the maximum usable area.
• Insulation - the need and costs depend on the thermal conductivity of the walls.
• External and internal finishing - the need depends on the characteristics of the wall material; you can save money when choosing finishing materials.
• Building materials – it is on their choice that developers try to save as much as possible.
• Foundation - costs account for up to 40% of the total investment in construction; the parameters of the foundation depend on the choice of materials for installing the building frame and roofing system.

If you want to reduce construction costs, keep in mind that choosing a cheap material for building walls may result in the need to spend extra money and time on their insulation and finishing. When building a house higher than one floor, the strength characteristics also require special attention.

The cheapest building materials

Building a classic brick house will not be cheap - the piece material for laying the walls itself is expensive, and a solid foundation is required. Plus, the installation itself will take a lot of time and will require the involvement of professional masons if you want the house to be durable, warm and last for at least 100 years.

Today, new materials and technologies are being used, thanks to which the construction of a private house will require a minimum of time. These include the erection of in-situ concrete walls using fixed formwork made of expanded polystyrene. Steel reinforcement is installed inside the polystyrene foam blocks with a tongue-and-groove connection.

The foamed material performs the function of a heater, the cavity between the walls is filled with concrete, due to which a monolithic frame of the building is formed. By themselves, the materials that are used for construction (concrete, polystyrene foam, rebar) are affordable, but the rise in price is due to:

• rather high cost of finished blocks with installed fittings;
• the need to hire a concrete truck.

In addition, such a house needs external and internal decoration, as well as the installation of a high-quality ventilation system, since walls with a double layer of polystyrene foam do not breathe. This is an example of how the cheapness of materials does not guarantee savings in construction and comfort in the house.

Expecting to find the cheapest material for building a house, you should pay attention to structures made:

• from foam blocks;
• from expanded clay concrete;
• from gas silicate blocks;
• using frame technology;
• from timber;
• from rounded logs.

To evaluate which material is better, you should compare the pros and cons of each option.

Foam block

The popularity of foam concrete is explained by its affordable price and simple installation - no special tools or lifting equipment are required to build a house, since the weight of the block does not exceed 25 kilograms, and it can be cut with a regular hacksaw.

The list of advantages of foam blocks also includes:

• savings on the foundation - wall structures weigh relatively little, which makes it possible to equip a lightweight underground foundation;
• high installation speed;
• strict geometry of the blocks (if the material is of high quality) - due to this, the thickness of the seams is minimal, which reduces the consumption of adhesive, increases the strength of the masonry and reduces the thermal conductivity of the walls;
• high thermal insulation parameters - the porous structure prevents heat loss through the walls;
• vapor permeability – the material “breathes”, resulting in a comfortable microclimate in the room;
• environmental friendliness and fire safety - the material does not burn and does not emit harmful substances.

Disadvantages include:

• the need for external cladding - the building needs external finishing, since the porous material absorbs moisture and freezing and thawing cycles do not benefit it;
• in cold climates, the walls of the house need to be additionally thermally insulated, while insulated ventilated facades increase the cost of construction, pasting with polystyrene foam boards will be inexpensive, but the walls will become vapor-tight and a supply ventilation system will be required;
• the risk of blocks cracking during shrinkage of the house if insufficient quality material is used.

Manufacturers claim that the service life of foam block buildings reaches 80 years. But the material appeared relatively recently, so there is no information about its actual durability.

Expanded clay concrete

Hollow expanded clay concrete blocks are used for external walls and partitions of a private house. If we compare expanded clay concrete with foam concrete, then expanded clay concrete is more difficult to process and is heavier, which should be taken into account when calculating the foundation. The size of the expanded clay concrete block is larger, which speeds up installation.

Expanded clay concrete is characterized by:

• environmental friendliness and health safety;
• resistance to combustion, biological damage;
• good noise insulation and heat insulation properties;
• breathability.

Walls made of this material require external cladding. Finishing allows you to make the facade aesthetically attractive and protect the porous material from damage when wet and subsequent freezing. Interior finishing of the premises is also required, but it should be taken into account that fasteners do not hold well in expanded clay concrete.

If the masonry is not done well enough, or the material has cracked as a result of shrinkage, cold bridges arise and the walls of the house need additional thermal insulation.

Aerated concrete

Trying to find the cheapest building material, developers buy aerated concrete - lightweight blocks that are easy to install. It is important to use autoclaved aerated concrete from a trusted manufacturer - materials made by drying in a hydration chamber have 3 times lower strength and can only be used as insulation.

The blocks must be even, as the seams are cold bridges. But even if the masonry is made with minimal joint thickness, the house needs to be insulated if there is a desire to reduce heating costs. Mandatory external and internal decoration of walls made of porous aerated concrete.

The advantages include the ease of processing blocks. At the same time, during transportation of material and construction work, care should be taken - the blocks are not resistant to mechanical damage.

Frame house

To build a house using frame technology requires the use of a whole set of building materials, usually these are:

• lumber for mounting the supporting frame;
• heat insulator, which is laid inside the walls;
• sheet material for external and internal cladding (OSB boards, etc.).

Frame housing construction has a number of advantages. During construction, there is no need to use equipment or specialized tools; the work is completed in a short time. The load on the base is small, so a lightweight foundation is used. It is convenient to install communications in a frame house - they are hidden inside the wall. A structure built using this technology does not require time to shrink.

This construction option is not without its drawbacks. If foamed polymer insulation is installed in the walls, the house does not “breathe,” which affects the microclimate. Mineral wool is vapor permeable, but it absorbs moisture and, as a result, its thermal insulation properties are reduced.

To protect the insulation from getting wet, it is necessary to install a vapor barrier on the side of the room. It is better to use a special membrane that allows air to pass through but retains moisture. This is noticeably more expensive than using polyethylene, but contributes to a good microclimate in the house.

Having saved on the construction of walls, you will have to spend a lot of money on external finishing, since the sheathing of the frame should be reliably protected from atmospheric influences. The service life of such a house depends on how well the wooden frame elements are treated against biological damage, on the choice of external finishing, and on the quality of construction work.

timber

A wooden house is warmth and home comfort, a unique microclimate, thanks to the use of natural wood for construction.

For the construction of a log house, the following types of timber are used: simple (natural moisture or dry) or glued, consisting of several lamellas. Today in house construction it is customary to use profiled timber, which allows you to connect crowns without ventilated cracks.

When choosing timber, you should consider that:

• a house made of wood with natural moisture shrinks greatly, including deformation of the crowns, with the formation of cracks in the frame, the timber cracks;
• dry material is resistant to cracking and deformation;
• a structure made of laminated veneer lumber practically does not shrink or deform; finishing can begin immediately after roofing work is completed.

You can build houses from profiled timber yourself; the material is easy to process. But the thickness of the walls is usually insufficient to operate the house all year round in a cold climate without additional insulation - otherwise, you will have to spend more money on heating.

Rounded log

When trying to find the best material for building a house, you should pay attention to rounded logs. The use of this material makes it possible to seriously reduce the final construction costs, because:

• the weight of the structures is not the greatest, so a reinforced foundation is not required;
• for the construction of a log house, large-diameter logs are used, the thermal conductivity of which makes it possible to do without additional insulation of the walls;
• even, smooth logs look attractive, the house looks great without any external or internal decoration.

A rounded log is a good option for construction if you order the production of a log house kit. In this case, a numbered “constructor” is delivered to the construction site, where all elements are manufactured using modern equipment, that is, all connections are made with high precision. The material used is treated with special agents that protect the wood from biological destruction and increase fire resistance.

If you want to live in a house where an optimal microclimate is always maintained (cool in summer, warm in winter, the air does not dry out or become waterlogged), it is recommended to choose.

Conclusion

The choice of material for building a house affects the speed and cost of building the box, the quality of life in the house, and the durability of the building. The desire to save on material for wall structures can result in increased costs for insulation and finishing. If a house is being built on its own, the ease of installation and the need to use specialized tools are assessed.