How to calculate the number of heating radiators per apartment. Steel heating radiators. Calculation of the power of steel heating radiators, taking into account the area of ​​the room and heat loss. Additional options for more accurate calculations

When designing heating systems, a mandatory step is to calculate the power of heating devices. The result obtained largely influences the choice of one or another equipment - heating radiators and heating boilers (if the project is carried out for private houses not connected to central heating systems).

The most popular batteries at the moment are those made in the form of interconnected sections. In this article we will talk about how to calculate the number of radiator sections.

Methods for calculating the number of battery sections

In order to calculate the number of sections of heating radiators, you can use three main methods. The first two are quite easy, but they give only an approximate result, which is suitable for typical premises of multi-story buildings. This includes the calculation of radiator sections by room area or volume. Those. in this case, it is enough to find out the required parameter (area or volume) of the room and insert it into the appropriate formula for calculation.

The third method involves the use of many different coefficients for calculations that determine the heat loss of the room. This includes the size and type of windows, floor, type of wall insulation, ceiling height and other criteria that affect heat loss. Heat loss can also occur for various reasons related to errors and shortcomings during the construction of a house. For example, there is a cavity inside the walls, the insulation layer has cracks, defects in the building material, etc. Thus, finding all the causes of heat leakage is one of the prerequisites for performing an accurate calculation. For this purpose, thermal imagers are used, which display on the monitor the places of heat leakage from the room.

All this is done in order to select a radiator power that compensates for the total heat loss. Let's consider each method of calculating battery sections separately and give a clear example for each of them.

Calculation of the number of radiator sections by room area

This method is the simplest. To obtain the result, you will need to multiply the area of ​​the room by the value of the radiator power required to heat 1 sq.m. This value is given in SNiP, and it is:

• 60-100W for the middle climatic zone of Russia (Moscow);
• 120-200W for areas located further north.

The calculation of radiator sections according to the average power parameter is carried out by multiplying it by the value of the room area. So, 20 sq.m. will require for heating: 20 * 60 (100) = 1200 (2000) W

Next, the resulting number must be divided by the power value of one radiator section. To find out how much area 1 radiator section is designed for, just open the equipment data sheet. Let's assume that the power of the section is 200 W, and the total power required for heating is 1600 W (let's take the arithmetic average). All that remains is to clarify how many radiator sections are needed per 1 m2. To do this, divide the value of the required power for heating by the power of one section: 1600/200 =8

Result: to heat a room of 20 square meters. m. you will need an 8-section radiator (provided that the power of one section is 200W).

Calculating sections of heating radiators based on the area of ​​the room gives only an approximate result. In order not to make a mistake with the number of sections, it is best to make calculations on the condition that for heating 1 sq.m. 100W power required.

This, as a result, will increase the overall costs of installing the heating system, and therefore such a calculation is not always appropriate, especially with a limited budget. The following method will give a more accurate, but still the same approximate result.

The method of this calculation is similar to the previous one, except that now from SNiP you will need to find out the power value for heating not 1 sq.m., but a cubic meter of room. According to SNiP this is:

41W for heating premises of panel-type buildings; 34W for brick houses.

As an example, let's take the same room of 20 square meters. m., and set the conditional ceiling height to 2.9 m. In this case, the volume will be equal to: 20 * 2.9 = 58 cubic meters

From this: 58*41 =2378 W for a panel house 58*34 =1972 W for a brick house

Let us divide the results obtained by the power value of one section. Total: 2378/200 =11.89 (panel house) 1972/200 =9.86 (brick house)

If you round up to a larger number, then to heat a room of 20 square meters. m. of a panel house you will need 12-section radiators, and for a brick house 10-section radiators. And this figure is also approximate. In order to accurately calculate how many battery sections are needed for space heating, it is necessary to use a more complex method, which will be discussed below.

To carry out an accurate calculation, special coefficients are introduced into the general formula, which can either increase (increase coefficient) the value of the minimum radiator power for heating the room or decrease it (reduction coefficient).

In fact, there are many factors influencing the power value, but we will use those that are easy to calculate and easy to operate with. The coefficient depends on the values ​​of the following room parameters:

1. Ceiling height:
   • At a height of 2.5 m the coefficient is 1;
   • At 3m – 1.05;
   • At 3.5m – 1.1;
   • At 4m – 1.15.
2. Type of glazing of indoor windows:
   • Simple double glass - coefficient is 1.27;
   • Double-glazed window - 1;
   • Triple glazing – 0.87.
3. The percentage of window area from the total area of ​​the room (for ease of determination, you can divide the window area by the area of ​​the room and then multiply by 100):
   • If the result of the calculation is 50%, a coefficient of 1.2 is taken;
   • 40-50% – 1,1;
   • 30-40% – 1;
   • 20-30% – 0,9;
   • 10-20% – 0,8.
4. Thermal insulation of walls:
   • Low level of thermal insulation - coefficient is 1.27;
   • Good thermal insulation (two bricks or 15-20cm insulation) – 1.0;
   • Increased thermal insulation (wall thickness from 50cm or insulation from 20cm) – 0.85.
5. Average minimum winter temperature that can last a week:
   • -35 degrees – 1.5;
   • -25 – 1,3;
   • -20 – 1,1;
   • -15 – 0,9;
   • -10 – 0,7.
6. Number of external (end) walls:
   • 1 end wall – 1.1;
   • 2 walls – 1.2;
   • 3 walls – 1.3.
7. Type of room above the heated room:
   • Unheated attic – 1;
   • Heated attic – 0.9;
   • Heated living space - 0.85.

From here it is clear that if the coefficient is above one, then it is considered increasing, if lower - decreasing. If its value is one, then it does not affect the result in any way. To make the calculation, it is necessary to multiply each of the coefficients by the value of the room area and the average specific value of heat loss per 1 sq.m., which is (according to SNiP) 100 W.

Thus, we have the formula: Q_T= γ*S*K_1*…*K_7,where

• Q_T – required power of all radiators to heat the room;
γ – average heat loss per 1 sq.m., i.e. 100W; S – total area of ​​the room; K_1…K_7 – coefficients influencing the amount of heat loss.

• Room area – 18 sq.m.;
• Ceiling height – 3m;
• Window with regular double glass;
• The window area is 3 sq.m., i.e. 3/18*100 = 16.6%;
• Thermal insulation – double brick;
• The minimum outside temperature for a week straight is -20 degrees;
• One end (external) wall;
• The room above is a heated living room.

Now let’s replace the letter values ​​with numbers and get: Q_T= 100*18*1.05*1.27*0.8*1*1.3*1.1*0.85≈2334 W

It remains to divide the result by the power value of one radiator section. Let's assume that n is equal to 160W: 2334/160 =14.5

Those. for heating a room of 18 sq.m. and the given heat loss coefficients, you will need a radiator with 15 sections (rounded up).

There is another simple way to calculate radiator sections, focusing on the material they are made of. In fact, this method does not give an exact result, but it helps to estimate the approximate number of battery sections that will need to be used in the room.

Heating batteries are usually divided into 3 types depending on the material they are made of. These are bimetallic, which use metal and plastic (usually as an outer covering), cast iron and aluminum heating radiators. The calculation of the number of battery sections made of one material or another is the same in all cases. Here it is enough to use the average value of the power that one radiator section can produce and the value of the area that this section can warm up:

• For aluminum batteries it is 180W and 1.8 sq. m;
• Bimetallic – 185W and 2 sq.m.;
• Cast iron - 145W and 1.5 sq.m.

Using a simple calculator, the number of heating radiator sections can be calculated by dividing the area of ​​the room by the area that one radiator section made of the metal of interest can heat. Let's take a room of 18 square meters. m. Then we get:

• 18/1.8 = 10 sections (aluminum);
• 18/2 = 9 (bimetal);
• 18/1.5 = 12 (cast iron).

The area that one radiator section can heat is not always indicated. Manufacturers usually indicate its power. In this case, you will need to calculate the total power required to heat the room using any of the above methods. If we take the calculation by area and the power required to warm up 1 sq.m. in 80 W (according to SNiP), then we get: 20*80=1800/180 =10 sections (aluminum); 20*80=1800/185 =9.7 sections (bimetal); 20*80=1800/145 =12.4 sections (cast iron);

By rounding the decimal numbers to one side, we get approximately the same result, as in the case of calculations by area.

It is important to understand that calculating the number of sections based on the metal of a radiator is the most inaccurate method. It can help you decide on one battery or another, and nothing else.

And finally, a piece of advice. Almost every heating equipment manufacturer or online store places a special calculator on its website to calculate the number of heating radiator sections. It is enough to enter the required parameters into it, and the program will output the desired result. But, if you don’t trust the robot, then the calculations, as you can see, are quite easy to do yourself, even on a piece of paper.

Still have questions? Call or write to us!

The comfort of living in a house or apartment is closely related to an optimally balanced heating system. Creating such a system is the most important issue that cannot be solved without knowledge of modern, proven heating radiator connection diagrams. Before moving on to solving the problem of connecting heating, it is important to take into account the rules for calculating heating radiators.

Peculiarities

Heating radiators are calculated in accordance with the heat loss of a particular room, as well as depending on the area of ​​this room. It would seem that there is nothing complicated in creating a proven heating circuit with pipe contours and a medium circulating through them, however, correct thermal engineering calculations are based on the requirements of SNiP. Such calculations are performed by specialists, and the procedure itself is considered extremely complex. However, with acceptable simplification, you can perform the procedures yourself. In addition to the area of ​​the heated room, some nuances are taken into account in the calculations.

It is not for nothing that specialists use various techniques to calculate radiators. Their main feature is taking into account the maximum heat loss of the room. Then the required number of heating devices is calculated to compensate for these losses.

It is clear that the simpler the method used, the more accurate the final results will be. In addition, for non-standard premises, experts use special coefficients.

Non-standard conditions of a particular room include access to a balcony, large windows, and the location of the room, for example, if it is corner. Professional calculations include a number of formulas that are difficult for a non-professional in this area to use.

Specialists often use special devices in their projects. For example, a thermal imager can accurately determine actual heat loss. Based on the data obtained from the device, the number of radiators is calculated that accurately compensate for losses.

This calculation method will show the coldest points of the apartment, the places where heat will be lost most actively. Such points often arise due to construction defects, for example, made by workers, or due to low-quality building materials.

The results of the calculations are closely related to existing types of heating radiators. To obtain the best result in calculations, it is necessary to know the parameters of the devices planned for use.

The modern range includes the following types of radiators:

• steel;
• cast iron;
• aluminum;
• bimetallic.

To carry out calculations, you need such device parameters as the power and shape of the radiator, and the material of manufacture. The simplest scheme involves placing radiators under each window in the room. Therefore, the calculated number of radiators is usually equal to the number of window openings.

However, before purchasing the necessary equipment, you need to determine its capacity. This parameter is often related to the size of the device, as well as the material used to make the batteries. It is necessary to understand this data in more detail in the calculations.

What does it depend on?

The accuracy of the calculations also depends on how they are made: for the entire apartment or for one room. Experts advise choosing a calculation for one room. The work may take a little longer, but the data obtained will be the most accurate. At the same time, when purchasing equipment, you need to take into account about 20 percent of the reserve. This reserve will be useful if there are interruptions in the operation of the central heating system or if the walls are panel. This measure will also help with an insufficiently efficient heating boiler used in a private home.

The relationship between the heating system and the type of radiator used must be taken into account first. For example, steel devices come in very elegant shapes, but the models are not particularly popular among buyers. It is believed that the main disadvantage of such devices is poor-quality heat transfer. The main advantage is its inexpensive price, as well as its low weight, which simplifies the work associated with installing the device.

Steel radiators usually have thin walls that heat up quickly, but cool just as quickly. During hydraulic shocks, welded joints of steel sheets leak. Inexpensive options without special coating are susceptible to corrosion. Manufacturers' warranties usually have a short period. Therefore, despite the relative cheapness, you will have to spend a lot.

Steel radiators are a one-piece, non-sectional structure. When choosing this option, you should immediately pay attention to the rated power of the products. This parameter must correspond to the characteristics of the room in which the equipment is planned to be installed. Steel radiators with the ability to change the number of sections are usually made to order.

Cast iron radiators are familiar to many because of their ribbed appearance. Such “accordions” were installed both in apartments and in public buildings everywhere. Cast iron batteries are not particularly elegant, but they serve for a long time and with high quality. Some private houses still have them. A positive characteristic of this type of radiator is not only quality, but also the ability to add more sections.

Modern cast iron batteries have slightly modified their appearance. They are more elegant, smooth, and also produce exclusive versions with a cast iron pattern.

Modern models have the properties of previous versions:

• retain heat for a long time;
• are not afraid of water hammer and temperature changes;
• do not corrode;
• suitable for all types of coolants.

In addition to their unsightly appearance, cast iron batteries have another significant drawback - fragility. Cast iron batteries are almost impossible to install alone, as they are very massive. Not all wall partitions can support the weight of a cast iron battery.

Aluminum radiators have recently appeared on the market. The popularity of this type is due to its low price. Aluminum batteries have excellent heat dissipation. Moreover, these radiators are light in weight and usually do not require a large volume of coolant.

On sale you can find options for aluminum batteries, both sections and solid elements. This makes it possible to calculate the exact number of products in accordance with the required power.

Like any other product, aluminum batteries have disadvantages, such as being susceptible to corrosion. There is a risk of gas formation. The quality of the coolant for aluminum batteries must be very high. If aluminum radiators are of a sectional type, then they often leak at the joints. In this case, it is simply impossible to repair the battery. The highest quality aluminum batteries are made by anodic oxidation of the metal. However, these designs have no external differences.

Bimetallic heating radiators have a special design, due to which they have increased heat transfer, and reliability is comparable to cast iron options. A bimetallic radiator battery consists of sections connected by a vertical channel. The outer aluminum shell of the battery ensures high heat dissipation. Such batteries are not afraid of hydraulic shocks, and any coolant can circulate inside them. The only disadvantage of bimetallic batteries is their high price.

From the variety of products presented, we can conclude that the power of the heating system is calculated not only from the area of ​​the room, but also from the characteristics of the radiators. Let's look at the topic of calculations in more detail.

How to calculate?

The technical parameters of battery radiators made from different materials differ. Experts advise installing cast iron radiators in a private home. It is better to install bimetallic or aluminum batteries in the apartment. The number of batteries is selected based on the square footage of the room. The size of sections is calculated based on possible heat losses.

It is more convenient to take into account heat losses using the example of a private house. Heat will be lost through windows, doorways, ceilings and walls, and ventilation systems. For each loss there is a classic coefficient. In professional formulas it is designated by the letter Q.

The calculations include components such as:

• area of ​​a window, door or other structure – S;
• temperature difference inside and outside – DT;
• wall thickness –V;
• thermal conductivity of walls –Y.

The formula is as follows: Q = S*DT /R layer, R = v /Y.

All calculated Q are summed up, and 10-40 percent of losses that may be present due to the presence of ventilation shafts are added to them. The number must be divided by the total area of ​​the house and summed with the estimated power of the radiator batteries.

It is also worth considering heat loss on the upper floors with cold attics.

To simplify calculations, experts use a professional table that includes the following columns:

• The name of a room;
• volume in cubic m;
• area in sq. m;
• heat loss in kW.

For example, a room with an area of ​​20 m2 will correspond to a volume of 7.8. The heat loss of the room will be 0.65. In the calculations, it is worth considering that the orientation of the walls will also matter. Additions for verticals oriented to the north, northeast, northwest will be 10 percent. For walls oriented to the southeast and west - 5 percent. There is no additional factor for the south side. If the room is more than 4 meters high, the additional factor is 2 percent. If the room in question is corner, then the addition will be 5 percent.

In addition to heat loss, other factors must be taken into account. You can select the number of batteries for a room by quadrature. For example, it is known that heating 1 m2 requires at least 100 W. That is, for rooms of 10 m2 you need a radiator with a power of at least 1 kW. This is approximately 8 sections of a standard cast iron battery. The calculation is also relevant for rooms with standard ceilings up to three meters high.

If you need to make a more accurate calculation per square meter, then it is worth taking into account all heat losses. The formula involves multiplying 100 (watt/m2) by the corresponding square meters and by all Q coefficients.

The value found by volume gives the same figures as the formula for calculating by area, the SNiP indicators for heat loss in a panel house with wooden frames are 41 W per meter3. A lower figure is needed if modern plastic windows are installed - 34 W per m3.

Heat consumption will be even less if the room has wide walls. The type of wall material is also taken into account in the calculations: brick, foam concrete, as well as the presence of insulation.

To calculate the number of battery sections and estimated power, the following formulas exist:

• N=S*100|P (without heat loss taken into account);
• N=V*41Bt*1.2|P 9 (with heat losses taken into account), where:
  • N – number of sections;
  • P is the power of a section unit;
  • S-area;
  • V is the volume of the room;
  • 1.2 is the standard coefficient.

The heat transfer of sections of specific types of radiators can be found on the edge of the product. Manufacturers usually indicate indicators as standard.

The average values ​​are as follows:

• aluminum – 170-200 W;
• bimetal – 150 W;
• cast iron - 120 W.

To simplify the task, you can use a special calculator. In order to use the software, you will need all the initial data. The finished result in hand will be faster than with manual calculations.

To simplify calculations, you can make adjustments and round fractional numbers up. It is better to have a reserve of power, and the temperature level will help adjust the thermostat.

If there are several windows in the room, you need to divide the calculated number of sections to install them under each window. Thus, an optimal thermal curtain will be created for cold air penetrating through the double-glazed windows.

If several walls of one room are outdoors, the number of sections must be added. The same rule applies if the ceiling height is more than three meters.

As an addition, it would not hurt to take into account the features of the heating system. For example, an individual or autonomous system is usually more efficient than a centralized system, which is found in apartment buildings.

The heat output of radiators will vary depending on the type of connection. The optimal connection is diagonal, with media feeding from above. In this case, the non-thermal output of the radiator will not decrease. When connected sideways, the largest heat losses are usually observed. All other types of connections have average efficiency.

The actual power of the device will also decrease if there are obstructions. For example, with an overhanging window sill on top of the radiator, heat transfer will drop by 7-8 percent. If the window sill does not cover the entire radiator, then the losses will be approximately 3-5 percent. When installing the screen on the radiator, heat loss will also be observed - approximately 7-8 percent. If the screen is placed over the entire heating device, then the heat transfer from the radiator will decrease by 25 percent.

It is also worth taking into account the temperature of the medium running through the pipes. No matter how efficient radiators are, they will not heat the room with cooled coolant.

The accuracy of the calculations will allow you to assemble the most comfortable system for your home. With the right approach, you can make any room warm enough. A competent approach also entails financial benefits. You will definitely save money without overpaying for unnecessary equipment. You can save even more if you install the equipment correctly.

A single-pipe heating system is particularly complex. Here, each subsequent heating device receives increasingly colder media. To calculate the power of a single-pipe system, the temperature must be recalculated for each radiator separately.

Instead of engaging in complex and lengthy calculations, you can determine the power as for a two-pipe system, and then proportionally, depending on the distance of the radiators, add sections. This approach will help increase the heat transfer of batteries in all areas of the house or apartment.

A well-designed heating system will provide housing with the required temperature and all rooms will be comfortable in any weather. But in order to transfer heat to the air space of residential premises, you need to know the required number of batteries, right?

Calculation of heating radiators, based on calculations of the thermal power required from the installed heating devices, will help to find out this.

Have you never done such calculations and are afraid of making mistakes? We will help you understand the formulas - the article discusses a detailed calculation algorithm and analyzes the values ​​of individual coefficients used in the calculation process.

To make it easier for you to understand the intricacies of the calculation, we have selected thematic photographic materials and useful videos that explain the principle of calculating the power of heating devices.

Any calculations are based on certain principles. The calculations of the required thermal power of batteries are based on the understanding that well-functioning heating devices must fully compensate for the heat losses that occur during their operation due to the characteristics of the heated premises.

For living rooms located in a well-insulated house, located, in turn, in a temperate climate zone, in some cases a simplified calculation of compensation for heat leakage is suitable.

For such premises, calculations are based on a standard power of 41 W required to heat 1 cubic meter. living space.

The formula for determining the thermal power of radiators necessary to maintain optimal living conditions in a room is as follows:

Q = 41 x V,

Where V– volume of the heated room in cubic meters.

The resulting four-digit result can be expressed in kilowatts, reducing it at the rate of 1 kW = 1000 W.

Detailed formula for calculating thermal power

When making detailed calculations of the number and size of heating radiators, it is customary to start from the relative power of 100 W required for normal heating of 1 m² of a certain standard room.

The formula for determining the thermal power required from heating devices is as follows:

Q = (100 x S) x R x K x U x T x H x W x G x X x Y x Z

Factor S in calculations, nothing more than the area of ​​the heated room, expressed in square meters.

The remaining letters are various correction factors, without which the calculation will be limited.

The main thing when doing thermal calculations is to remember the saying “heat doesn’t break your bones” and not be afraid to make a big mistake

But even additional design parameters cannot always reflect all the specifics of a particular room. When in doubt about calculations, it is recommended to give preference to indicators with large values.

It is easier then to reduce the temperature of the radiators with the help of than to freeze if their thermal power is insufficient.

At the end of the article, information is given on the characteristics of collapsible radiators made of different materials, and the procedure for calculating the required number of sections and the batteries themselves is discussed based on the basic calculation.

Image gallery

If the area of ​​the room allows, then you can produce. And there is always a way to protect walls from the cold outside.

A well-insulated corner room according to special calculations will provide a significant percentage savings in heating costs for the entire living space of the apartment

Climate is an important factor in arithmetic

Different climate zones have different minimum outdoor temperatures.

When calculating the heat transfer power of radiators, a “T” coefficient is provided to take into account temperature differences.

Let's consider the values ​​of this coefficient for various climatic conditions:

• T=1.0 up to -20 °C.
• T=0.9 for winters with frost down to -15 °C
• T=0.7– down to -10 °C.
• T=1.1 for frosts down to -25 °C,
• T=1.3– up to -35 °C,
• T=1.5– below -35 °C.

As we can see from the list above, winter weather down to -20 °C is considered normal. For areas with such the least cold, a value of 1 is taken.

For warmer regions, this calculation factor will lower the overall calculation result. But for areas of harsh climates, the amount of heat energy required from heating devices will increase.

Features of calculation of high rooms

It is clear that of two rooms with the same area, the one with the higher ceiling will need more heat. The coefficient “H” helps to take into account the correction for the volume of heated space in calculating thermal power.

At the beginning of the article, it was mentioned about a certain regulatory premises. This is considered to be a room with a ceiling of 2.7 meters or lower. For it, take a coefficient value equal to 1.

Let's consider the dependence of the coefficient H on the height of the ceilings:

• H=1.0– for ceilings 2.7 meters high.
• H=1.05– for rooms up to 3 meters high.
• H = 1.1– for a room with a ceiling up to 3.5 meters.
• H = 1.15– up to 4 meters.
• H = 1.2– heat requirement for a higher room.

As you can see, for rooms with high ceilings, 5% should be added to the calculation for every half meter of height, starting from 3.5 m.

According to the law of nature, warm heated air rushes upward. To mix its entire volume, heating devices will have to work hard.

With the same area of ​​premises, a larger room may require an additional number of radiators connected to the heating system

Design role of ceiling and floor

Reducing the thermal power of batteries is not only good. The ceiling in contact with the warm room also allows you to minimize losses when heating the room.

The coefficient “W” in the calculation formula is precisely to provide for this:

• W=1.0– if there is, for example, an unheated, uninsulated attic upstairs.
• W=0.9– for an unheated but insulated attic or other insulated room above.
• W=0.8– if the room on the floor above is heated.

The W indicator can be adjusted upward for rooms on the first floor if they are located on the ground, above an unheated basement or basement space. Then the numbers will be as follows: the floor is insulated +20% (x1.2); the floor is not insulated +40% (x1.4).

The quality of the frames is the key to warmth

Windows were once a weak point in the thermal insulation of a living space. Modern frames with double-glazed windows have significantly improved the protection of rooms from the street cold.

The degree of window quality in the formula for calculating thermal power is described by the coefficient “G”.

The calculation is based on a standard frame with a single-chamber double-glazed window, whose coefficient is equal to 1.

Let's consider other options for using the coefficient:

• G=1.0– frame with single-chamber double-glazed windows.
• G=0.85– if the frame is equipped with a two- or three-chamber double-glazed window.
• G = 1.27– if the window has an old wooden frame.

So, if the house has old frames, then the heat loss will be significant. Therefore, more powerful batteries will be required. Ideally, it is advisable to replace such frames, because these are additional heating costs.

Window size matters

Following logic, it can be argued that the greater the number of windows in the room and the wider their view, the more sensitive the heat leakage through them. The "X" factor in the formula for calculating the thermal power required from batteries reflects this.

In a room with huge windows, radiators should have a number of sections corresponding to the size and quality of the frames

The norm is the result of dividing the area of ​​window openings by the area of ​​the room equal to 0.2 to 0.3.

Here are the main values ​​of the X coefficient for various situations:

• X = 1.0– at a ratio from 0.2 to 0.3.
• X = 0.9– for area ratio from 0.1 to 0.2.
• X = 0.8– with a ratio of up to 0.1.
• X = 1.1– if the area ratio is from 0.3 to 0.4.
• X = 1.2– when it is from 0.4 to 0.5.

If the footage of window openings (for example, in rooms with panoramic windows) goes beyond the proposed ratios, it is reasonable to add another 10% to the X value when the area ratio increases by 0.1.

The door in the room, which is regularly used in winter to access an open balcony or loggia, makes its own adjustments to the heat balance. For such a room, it would be correct to increase X by another 30% (x1.3).

Thermal energy losses can be easily compensated by compact installation of a ducted water or electric convector under the balcony entrance.

Impact of closed battery

Of course, the radiator that is less surrounded by various artificial and natural obstacles will give off heat better. In this case, the formula for calculating its thermal power has been expanded due to the “Y” coefficient, which takes into account the operating conditions of the battery.

The most common location for heating devices is under the windowsill. In this position, the coefficient value is 1.

Let's consider typical situations for placing radiators:

• Y=1.0- right under the windowsill.
• Y = 0.9– if the battery suddenly turns out to be completely open on all sides.
• Y = 1.07– when the radiator is obscured by a horizontal projection of the wall
• Y = 1.12– if the battery located under the window sill is covered with a front casing.
• Y=1.2– when the heating device is blocked from all sides.

Long blackout curtains pulled down also cause the room to become colder.

The modern design of heating radiators allows them to be used without any decorative coverings - thereby ensuring maximum heat transfer

Radiator connection efficiency

The efficiency of its operation directly depends on the method of connecting the radiator to the indoor heating wiring. Homeowners often sacrifice this indicator for the sake of the beauty of the room. The formula for calculating the required thermal power takes all this into account through the “Z” coefficient.

Here are the values ​​of this indicator for various situations:

• Z=1.0– connecting the radiator to the general circuit of the heating system using a “diagonal” technique, which is the most justified.
• Z = 1.03- another, most common due to the short length of the liner, is the option of connecting “from the side”.
• Z = 1.13– the third method “from below on both sides”. Thanks to plastic pipes, it quickly took root in new construction, despite its much lower efficiency.
• Z = 1.28– another, very ineffective “from below on one side” method. It deserves consideration only because some radiator designs are equipped with ready-made units with both supply and return pipes connected to one point.

The air vents installed in them will help to increase the efficiency of heating devices, which will promptly save the system from “airing”.

The operating principle of any water heating device is based on the physical properties of hot liquid to rise upward and, after cooling, to move downward.

Practical example of calculating thermal power

Initial data:

1. A corner room without a balcony on the second floor of a two-story cinder block plastered house in a windless region of Western Siberia.
2. Room length 5.30 m X width 4.30 m = area 22.79 sq.m.
3. Window width 1.30 m X height 1.70 m = area 2.21 sq.m.
4. Room height = 2.95 m.

Calculation sequence:

Below is a description of calculating the number of radiator sections and the required number of batteries. It is based on the obtained results of thermal power, taking into account the dimensions of the proposed installation locations of heating devices.

Regardless of the results, it is recommended to equip not only window sill niches with radiators in corner rooms. Batteries should be installed near “blind” external walls or near corners that are subject to the greatest freezing under the influence of street cold.

Specific thermal power of battery sections

Even before performing a general calculation of the required heat transfer of heating devices, it is necessary to decide what material the collapsible batteries will be installed in the premises from.

The choice should be based on the characteristics of the heating system (internal pressure, coolant temperature). At the same time, do not forget about the greatly varying costs of purchased products.

At a coolant temperature of 70 °C, standard 500 mm sections of radiators made of dissimilar materials have unequal specific thermal power “q”.

1. Cast iron – q = 160 Watt(specific power of one cast iron section). Radiators are suitable for any heating system.
2. Steel – q = 85 Watt. Steel ones can work in the most severe operating conditions. Their sections are beautiful in their metallic shine, but have the lowest heat transfer.
3. Aluminum – q = 200 Watt. Lightweight, aesthetic ones should be installed only in autonomous heating systems in which the pressure is less than 7 atmospheres. But their sections have no equal in terms of heat transfer. The sectional principle of assembling heating devices makes it possible to obtain a radiator with the required thermal power from modular elements

   Sections of an obsolete cast iron battery

   Powder coated colored sections

   Calculation of the number of radiator sections

   Collapsible radiators made of any material are good because to achieve their calculated thermal power, you can add or subtract individual sections.

   To determine the required number “N” of battery sections from the selected material, the formula is followed:

   N=Q/q,

   • Q= previously calculated required thermal power of devices for heating the room,
   • q= specific thermal power of a separate section of batteries proposed for installation.

   Having calculated the total required number of radiator sections in the room, you need to understand how many batteries need to be installed. This calculation is based on a comparison of the dimensions of the proposed locations and the dimensions of the batteries, taking into account the connections.

   

   The battery elements are connected by nipples with multi-directional external threads using a radiator wrench, and at the same time gaskets are installed at the joints

   For preliminary calculations, you can arm yourself with data on the width of sections of different radiators:

   • cast iron= 93 mm,
   • aluminum= 80 mm,
   • bimetallic= 82 mm.

   When making collapsible radiators from steel pipes, manufacturers do not adhere to certain standards. If you want to install such batteries, you should approach the issue individually.

In the harsh Russian winter, properly selected radiators are the key to a comfortable temperature. For correct calculation, it is necessary to take into account many nuances - from the size of the room to the average temperature. Such complex calculations are usually performed by specialists, but you can do them yourself, taking into account possible errors.

The easiest and fastest way to calculate

To quickly estimate the required heat dissipation of the battery, you can use the simplest formula. Calculate the area of ​​the room (length in meters multiplied by width in meters), and then multiply the result by 100.

Q = S × 100, where:

• Q is the required heat output of the heating device.
• S is the area of ​​the heated room.
• 100 – the number of W per 1 m2 with a standard ceiling height of 2.7 m according to GOST.

Calculating indicators using this formula is very simple. To set the required values, you will need a tape measure, a sheet of paper, and a pen. At the same time, it is important to remember that this method of calculation Suitable only for non-separable radiators. In addition, received results will be approximate– many important indicators remain unaccounted for.

Calculation by area

This type of calculation is one of the simplest. It does not take into account a number of indicators: the number of windows, the presence of external walls, the degree of insulation of the room, etc.

However, different types of radiators have a number of features that must be taken into account. They will be discussed below.

Bimetallic, aluminum and cast iron radiators

As a rule, they are installed to replace cast iron predecessors. In order for the new heating element to serve as well as possible, you need to correctly calculate the number of sections depending on the area of ​​the room.

Bimetal has several features:

• The heat dissipation of such batteries is higher than that of cast iron. For example, if the coolant temperature is about 90 degrees C, then the average figures will be 150 W for cast iron and 200 for bimetal.
• Over time, plaque appears on the internal surfaces of radiators, as a result of which their efficiency decreases.

The formula for calculating the number of sections is as follows:

N=S*100/X, where:

• N – number of sections.
• S – area of ​​the room.
• 100 – minimum radiator power per 1 square meter.
• X is the declared heat transfer of one section.

This method of calculation also suitable for new cast iron radiators. But, unfortunately, this formula does not take into account some features:

• Suitable for rooms with ceiling heights up to 3 meters.
• The number of windows and the degree of insulation of the room are not taken into account.
• Not suitable for the northern regions of Russia, where the temperature in winter differs significantly from the average.

Read also: Volume of water in the heating radiator

Steel radiators

Panel steel batteries vary in size and power. The number of panels varies from one to three. They are combined with various types of fins (these are corrugated metal plates inside). To figure out which battery to take into account, you need to familiarize yourself with all the types:

• Type 10. Contains only one panel. Such batteries are thin, light, but low-power.
• Type 11. Combine one panel and one fin plate. They are a little larger and heavier than the previous ones, but warmer.
• Type 21. There is one fin plate between two panels.
• Type 22. The design involves the presence of two panels and two corrugated plates. Characterized by greater heat transfer than model 21.
• Type 33. The most powerful and largest battery. As follows from the number designation, it contains three panels and the same number of corrugated plates.

Selecting a panel battery is somewhat more difficult than selecting a sectional one. To determine the configuration, you need calculate heat using the above formula and then find the corresponding value in the table. The table grid will help you choose the number of panels and the required dimensions.

For example, the area of ​​the room is 18 sq.m. At the same time, the ceiling height, according to the norm, is 2.7 m. The required heat transfer coefficient is 100 W. Therefore, 18 needs to be multiplied by 100, then find the closest value (1800 W) in the table:

Read also: Heating radiators or heated floors

Calculation by volume

The volume calculation method is considered more accurate. In addition, it should be used if the room is non-standard, for example, if the ceiling height is significantly higher than the generally accepted 2.7 meters. The formula for calculating heat transfer is as follows:

Q = S × h × 40 (34)

• S – area of ​​the room.
• h is the height of the walls from floor to ceiling in meters.
• 40 – coefficient for a panel house.
• 34 – coefficient for a brick house.

The principles for calculating the required battery dimensions remain the same for both sectional (bimetallic, aluminum, cast iron) and panel (steel).

Making an amendment

For the most accurate calculations, you need to add several coefficients to the standard formula that affect the heating efficiency.

Connection type

The heat transfer of the battery depends on how the coolant input and output pipes are located. There are the following types of connections and increasing factors (I) for them:

1. Diagonal, when the supply is from above, the outflow is from below (I = 1.0).
2. One-way connection with top feed and bottom return (I=1.03).
3. Double-sided, where the input and output are located below, but on different sides (I = 1.13).
4. Diagonal, when the supply is from below, the outflow is from above (I = 1.25).
5. One-sided, in which the entrance is from below, exit is from above (I = 1.28).
6. The supply and return are located below, on one side of the battery (I = 1.28).

Location

Placing the radiator on a flat wall, in a niche or behind a decorative casing is important indicator, which can significantly affect thermal performance.

Location options and their coefficients (J):

1. The battery is located on an open wall, the window sill does not hang from above (J=0.9).
2. Above the heating device there is a shelf or window sill (J=1.0).
3. The radiator is fixed in a wall niche and covered with a protrusion on top (J=1.07).
4. A window sill hangs over the heater, and on the front side it is partially covered by a decorative panel (J=1.12).
5. The radiator is located inside the decorative casing (J=1.2).

Walls and roof

Thin or well-insulated walls, the nature of the upper rooms, roofs, as well as the orientation of the apartment to the cardinal points - all these indicators only seem insignificant. In fact, they can retain the lion's share of heat or completely cool the apartment. Therefore, they should also be included in the formula.

Coefficient A – number of external walls in the room:

• 1 external wall (A=1.0).
• 2 external walls (A=1,2).
• 3 external walls (A=1.3).
• All walls are external (A=1.4).

The next indicator is orientation by cardinal directions(IN). If the room is north or east, then B = 1.1. In southern or western rooms the sun heats up more strongly, therefore, an increasing coefficient is not needed, B = 1.

When it comes to maintaining optimal temperature in the house, the radiator plays a central role.

The choice is simply amazing: bimetallic, aluminum, steel in a variety of sizes.

There is nothing worse than incorrectly calculating the required heating output in a room. In winter, such a mistake can be very costly.

Thermal calculation of heating radiators is suitable for bimetallic, aluminum, steel and cast iron radiators. Experts distinguish three methods, each of which is based on certain indicators.

There are three methods that are based on general principles:

• the standard power value of one section can vary from 120 to 220 W, so the average value is taken
• To correct errors in calculations when purchasing a radiator, you should include a 20% reserve

Now let's turn directly to the methods themselves.

Method one - standard

Based on building regulations, 100 watts of radiator power is required for high-quality heating of one square meter. Let's do the calculations.

Let's say the area of ​​the room is 30 m², let's take the power of one section equal to 180 watts, then 30*100/180 = 16.6. Let's round the value up and find that for a room of 30 square meters you need 17 sections of a heating radiator.

However, if the room is corner, then the resulting value should be multiplied by a factor of 1.2. In this case, the number of required radiator sections will be 20

Method two - approximate

This method differs from the previous one in that it is based not only on the area of ​​the room, but also on its height. Please note that the method only works for medium and high power devices.

At low power (50 watts or less), such calculations will be ineffective due to too large an error.

So, if we take into account that the average height of the room is 2.5 meters (the standard ceiling height of most apartments), then one section of a standard radiator is capable of heating an area of ​​1.8 m².

The calculation of sections for a room of 30 “squares” will be as follows: 30/1.8=16. We round up again and find that to heat this room you need 17 radiator sections.

Method three - volumetric

As the name suggests, calculations in this method are based on the volume of the room.

It is conventionally accepted that to heat 5 cubic meters of room you need 1 section with a power of 200 watts. With a length of 6 m, a width of 5 and a height of 2.5 m, the formula for calculation will be as follows: (6*5*2.5)/5 =15. Therefore, for a room with such parameters you need 15 sections of a heating radiator with a power of 200 watts each.

If the radiator is planned to be located in a deep open niche, then the number of sections should be increased by 5%.

If the radiator is planned to be completely covered with a panel, the increase should be made by 15%. Otherwise, it will be impossible to achieve optimal heat transfer.

An alternative method for calculating the power of heating radiators

Calculating the number of sections of heating radiators is far from the only way to properly organize heating of a room.

Let's calculate the volume of the proposed room with an area of ​​30 square meters. m and a height of 2.5 m:

30 x 2.5 = 75 cubic meters.

Now we need to decide on the climate.

For the territory of the European part of Russia, as well as Belarus and Ukraine, the standard is 41 watts of thermal power per cubic meter of room.

To determine the required power, we multiply the volume of the room by the standard:

75 x 41 = 3075 W

Let's round the resulting value up - 3100 watts. For those people who live in very cold winters, this figure can be increased by 20%:

3100 x 1.2 = 3720 W.

When you come to the store and check the power of the heating radiator, you can calculate how many radiator sections will be needed to maintain a comfortable temperature even in the harshest winter.

Calculation of the number of radiators

The calculation method is an excerpt from the previous paragraphs of the article.

After you calculate the required power to heat the room and the number of radiator sections, you come to the store.

If the number of sections is impressive (this happens in rooms with a large area), then it would be reasonable to purchase not one, but several radiators.

This scheme is also applicable to those conditions when the power of one radiator is lower than necessary.

But there is another quick way to count the number of radiators. If your room had old ones with a height of about 60 cm, and in winter you felt comfortable in this room, then count the number of sections.

Multiply the resulting figure by 150 W - this will be the required power of the new radiators.

If you choose or, you can buy them at the rate of 1 to 1 - for one fin of a cast iron radiator 1 bimetallic fin.

The division into “warm” and “cold” apartments has long come into our lives.

Many people deliberately do not want to select and install new radiators, explaining that “it will always be cold in this apartment.” But that's not true.

The correct choice of radiators, coupled with a competent calculation of the required power, can create warmth and comfort outside your windows even in the coldest winter.