How to make a sentence with two grammatical stems. Offer. grammatical (predicative) basis of a sentence. subject and predicate as the main members of the sentence

Perhaps you have already been able to verify that even the lightest punctuation marks (at the end of a sentence) are not as easy to place as it immediately seems because it is necessary think about the meaning of sentences and text. And it’s even more difficult work on punctuation in the middle of a sentence. Here you need to think about what blocks the sentence consists of, where the boundaries of the blocks are, and then place punctuation marks in accordance with the rules. Don't be scared! We will deal with even the most complex cases, help you understand them and turn them into simple ones!

Let's start, perhaps, with main blocks - simple sentences, which may be part of a complex What does a simple sentence consist of? His heart is grammatical basis, usually consisting of subject And predicate. Around the grammatical stem are located minor members of the sentence, isolated and non-separated; included in the predicate group and the subject group.

The grammatical basis is the basis because the whole proposal rests on it. If you learn to quickly find it, it will be easy to place those necessary punctuation marks that will mark the boundary of simple sentences within a complex one. How should one reason?

Determine how many stems are in a sentence:

Is it difficult to find the grammatical basis of a sentence? Sometimes it's very simple: subject (who? or what?), predicate (what is he doing? what did he do?). But often there are more complicated cases.

Conclusion: one basis - a simple sentence; two or more basics – complex.

Try to determine the grammatical basis of the following sentences (see answers below).

1. Everything is clear to us, the masters.
2. Suddenly a “cuckoo” sound was heard from the little window of the bright room!
3. Your host is both nice and hospitable.
4. Everyone tries to get involved with their own proposal.
5. The village where we played in the summer was a lovely place.
6. Evening. Forest. Long journey.
7. Our city is decorated with a wonderful park.
8. He who strives for victory will definitely win.

If you completed this job without errors, congratulations! If you come across mistakes, don’t be upset: they exist for this purpose, to cope with it and overcome them!

What mistakes could lie in wait for you here? Someone might have lost the subject, somewhere there was no predicate, in some sentence an object was squeezed in instead of the subject, in some cases members of the sentence were even emphasized that had nothing to do with each other.

Is it really that scary? Of course not! But, if you find the grammatical basis incorrectly, you cannot see the blocks correctly, so it turns out that a simple sentence is mistakenly taken for a complex one, in complex ones the number of parts is incorrectly determined, which means that punctuation marks are arranged as they please.

How to find this insidious grammatical basis? You can first find the predicate, then the subject, or vice versa, just remember a few tips:

1) In order to find the subject, be sure to specify from the predicate double question: who? What? Then you You are unlikely to confuse subject and object.

Try this when determining the subject in the following sentences.

The captain saw the shore first.

The front of the dress was decorated with flowers.

If you asked a double question from the predicate, then you found the subjects captain And flowers.

2) In order to find the predicate, try asking questions: “What is happening? What does it say about the subject? What is this subject (subject)? What is he doing? (subject)"

Consider examples. Subject highlighted bold, predicate – italics.

Pupilwas beautiful.

On the street freshly And windy.

For kids couldn't sit still on the spot.

Wonderful a game– catching up!

3) From the reversal of the terms, the sum is changing. This means be careful about certain sentences when determining the grammatical basis.

Green City(one-part noun sentence).

The city is green(two-part sentence).

You have already seen that this happens when a sentence has only a subject or only a predicate (much more often). Such proposals are called one-piece. Be careful when working with such offers! It is in them often the complement is disguised as the subject in meaning. Then go back to our first clue, ask a double question– and everything will become clear.

Try to find the grammatical basis in these sentences.

To me cold But.

To him can't sleep.

To me I want to smilesnuggle.

Many people will say that these sentences have a subject and a predicate, that is, they are two-part. Then I can ask what is the subject? The answer may be - me, him. Then one more question: Where are the words I and HE in these sentences? There are none, there are other forms: me, him. And this is already not a subject, but an object. If you ask the question: Who? What?- everything will fall into place. The correct answer is: this one-part impersonal sentences. They do not and cannot have a subject, the predicate is in italics.

We hope that you will now have fewer problems determining the grammatical basis of a sentence!

Good luck in learning Russian!

Answers to the task.

Subject highlighted bold, predicate – italics.

1. EverythingIt's clear.
2. I heard"peek-a-boo"!
3. Masternice, hospitable.
4. Every tries to get in.
5. Villagewas adorable corner; Wewere playing.
6. Evening. Forest. Further path.
7. Decoratesa park. 8. Aspiringwill win.

Still have questions? Don't know how to find the grammatical basis?
To get help from a tutor -.
The first lesson is free!

blog.site, when copying material in full or in part, a link to the original source is required.

The sentence is the basic unit of verbal communication, the main subject of the study of syntax. The key semantic and grammatical center of a sentence is considered to be its predicative basis.

The grammatical basis of a sentence and its types

The primary concept of what a grammatical basis is is given to students in elementary school. Predicative units are studied in more detail and deeply when covering the topics “Syntax of a simple sentence” and “Syntax of a complex sentence.” It is then that students recognize and learn to distinguish between one- and two-part sentences, a complete and incomplete predicative core, and understand the means of expressing the subject and predicate.

To determine what the grammatical basis of each individual sentence is, you need to isolate the main members in it and indicate their means of expression. It should be remembered that in a one-part sentence the grammatical basis is represented by only one main member - the subject or predicate. And in a two-part one, both are present.

One-part offer.

They are divided into nominative and verbal. The subject, expressed or another part of speech in the meaning of a noun, is the grammatical basis of the noun sentence (Here it is autumn outside the window; The shadow of the leaves on my curtain).

Sentences of verb type contain only predicates at their core. They, in turn, are divided into four (some researchers distinguish three) types: definitely personal, indefinitely personal, generalized personal and impersonal. In each of them, the role of the predicate is played by verbs in the form of a certain person and number. In sentences of the latter type, the role of the predicate is played by words of the state category (The doorbell rang again and again, without stopping; It was seriously freezing outside).

It is somewhat more difficult to understand what the grammatical basis of an incomplete sentence is. It is important to learn to see the missing subject or predicate and restore it from the context. The main confusion occurs with the failure to distinguish between one-part and incomplete sentences. For example, in the sentence “There are puddles and puddles everywhere, the recent snow has melted,” the first part is incomplete. From the context we can easily restore the missing predicate - they shine. Thus, in this sentence the grammatical basis is the subject “puddles”, expressed by a noun, and the missing but restored predicate “glitter”, expressed by a verb in the plural, present tense, third person, indicative mood.

Two-part sentence

In a two-part sentence, the subject is expressed by any independent part of speech in the meaning of a noun or phrase, including an indivisible one, i.e. In addition to the noun, pronouns, adjectives and participles most often act as independent parts, as well as:

Animals can suffer and cry like people;

She screamed loudly and waved her arms;

The shower room filled with steam;

Those who arrived at night settled in their places;

How stupid it is to fire cannons at sparrows!

Also, the subject quite often is a verb in different forms: Yawning in the face of your interlocutor is considered a sign of bad taste.

The predicate in a two-part sentence also has different forms of expression, ranging from standard verbal ones to nominal parts of speech and phrases. It is important to develop the so-called syntactic vigilance in students so that they can easily find and determine the boundaries and type of grammatical basis.

Grammatical basis in word formation

Fundamentals are inherent not only in syntax, but also in word formation. In word formation, the grammatical basis of a word is a part of a word without an ending. It includes, first of all, the root, and then other components - prefixes, suffixes, postfixes.

The main part of the grammatical basis of a word is the root. It contains the lexical meaning of all cognate words. Without a root, a word as an independent lexico-grammatical unit does not exist.

Thus, the term “grammatical basis” in linguistics has many meanings and is implemented at several linguistic levels.

The concepts of subject and predicate are among the most basic in the Russian language. It is with them that children begin to become acquainted with syntax. It is very important that the student understands this section and consolidates it in memory, since all subsequent rules of punctuation, complex sentences and many other sections will be inextricably linked with the subject and predicate. These two concepts form the grammatical basis, so it will also be discussed in this article. Refresh your memory and help your child learn new knowledge.

What is the subject

First, let's look at the rule of the Russian language:

The subject is one of the main parts of the sentence. It can denote both an object and an action or a sign of a predicate. Answers the question “Who?” as well as “What?”.

As a rule, this member of the sentence is expressed by a noun or pronoun. It is emphasized by one feature.

For example, in the sentence “Grandma went to the market,” the subject will be the noun “Grandmother,” since in this sentence the grandmother is the main character.
If we take the sentence “He likes ice cream,” then the subject pronoun will be “He.”

However, there are other interesting cases in which absolutely any part of speech acts as the subject, if it can be defined as a noun. For example:

Five go to the right. In this sentence, the subject will be the word “Five,” although in its usual form it is a numeral. Here it replaces the noun, acting as the main member of the sentence.
Miser pays twice. In this case, the subject will also be the word “Stingy,” which is a noun, and outside the sentence it is an adjective.

The verb also often acts as the subject if it is in the indefinite form:

Going to the store is his main goal. This is a complex sentence, in one part of which the subject is an infinitive.

And finally, even a whole phrase can become the subject. These can be indivisible names, full name of the person.

Anna Sergeevna was in a hurry to go home. In this sentence the subject is Anna Sergeevna.

After some time, the child will be able to determine the subject intuitively, without reading the rules by heart.

What is a predicate

The predicate must be emphasized with two parallel horizontal lines; it answers the question “What is this?” and “What does this do?”, and also denotes an action or some attribute of the subject.

The predicate has several types:

Verbal.
Compound nominal.
Compound verb.

It is better to analyze each type of predicate separately. The simplest of them is verb.

The verbal predicate is usually expressed by a verb in certain moods: indicative, imperative, and also conditional. To determine the predicate correctly, you need to refresh your memory and remember what moods are.
Perhaps the predicate in the form of a set phrase.
Phraseologisms also belong to the verbal predicate.

The compound verb predicate is easy to notice:

In this case, two verbs answer the main question of the predicate. For example: “He still continued to eat.” The predicate would be “continued to eat.”
Or “The cat needs a lot of sleep.” Now the predicate is “you need to sleep.”

A compound nominal predicate is so called because it contains a linking verb and a nominal part: a noun or pronoun, adverbs, participles.

She was a beauty. In this sentence, the predicate is “was a beauty,” since the word “was” often acts as a linking verb, and “beauty” is a nominal part.

You may not be able to remember everything the first time, but after solving the tasks you will succeed.

What is a grammatical basis

The grammatical core is the main members of the sentence, namely the subject and the predicate. They are connected in meaning and are distinguished by horizontal features.

The base itself is usually highlighted in square brackets in the sentence.

IN two-part sentences the grammatical basis of a sentence is subject and predicate.

IN one-part sentences there is only one main component - it will be the grammatical basis ( nominal offers ( with subject), A **definitely personal, vaguely personal , **general-personal And impersonal (with predicate).

First of all you need to find subject in a sentence. The subject denotes who or what we are talking about. The subject answers the question who? or what?. It should be remembered that the subject can be expressed not only by a noun, but also by other parts of speech (pronoun, adjective, participle, numeral) and an indefinite form of the verb (infinitive)...)

Next you need to determine predicate. The predicate answers the questions of the verbs and denotes the action performed by the subject. In its composition, the predicate can be simple and compound (nominal and verbal) and complex.

In order to correctly determine the grammatical basis of a sentence, you need to carefully read it and determine whether it is a simple sentence or a complex one, which can consist of two or more simple sentences. If the offer simple, then he will have one grammatical basis. If it complex, That some.

First, determine whether the sentence in front of you is simple or complex. A simple sentence is one-part, and a complex sentence is two-part. Next, we determine the subjects in the first sentence (in the case of complex sentences) using the questions who?, What?, then select the predicate using the questions what did you do? what did you do?, what is it?. After that, we do the same procedure in the next sentence.

In a simple sentence, we highlight the subjects and the predicate only once.

Look in more detail at the given picture -

Example from the head - The dog ate the meat that the owner bought. The subjects in the first sentence are Dog, predicate - ate; the subjects in the second sentence are the hostess, the predicate bought.

First of all, you need to understand what a grammatical basis is. The grammatical basis of a sentence is its core and determines the main meaning of the sentence.

The grammatical basis of a sentence is made up of the main members of the sentence: the subject and the predicate.

Let's try to determine the grammatical basis of a sentence using a simple example:

I answer this question.

In this sentence, I am the subject and I am the predicate.

The grammatical basis of this sentence is the phrase I answer.

I see nothing has changed in this matter since I graduated from school. This makes me happy. The basis of a sentence is the subject and predicate. The most common case is that a sentence has both a subject and a predicate. The predicate is a verb, and the subject is a noun or pronoun. For example: I did my homework. The predicate did, the subject pronoun is I. There are often sentences like this: Woke up. Did my homework. As we see, they have no subject. It happens that there is no predicate, for example: Morning. First, we determine whether our sentence has a subject and a predicate, then we determine what parts of speech they are, and from them we build a connection to the rest of the words.

Finding the grammatical basis in a sentence is not difficult if you know what it is.

Subject + predicate. How many such combinations you find, so many basics will be in the sentence. There must be either one subject or one predicate.

The grammatical basis of a sentence is its important structural part. And this part essentially determines the important and entire meaning of this phrase.

And such a grammatical basis is called in linguistics as a predicative core. And such grammatical phenomena exist in many world languages.

Here are the simplest rules to help you on how to learn to highlight such a basis:

And here are some examples of how and what parts of speech can express subjects.

You must always analyze a sentence in order to understand its essence and semantic load. And then it will not be difficult to determine its grammatical basis.

The grammatical basis is the main part of the sentence and in almost every sentence, this basis consists of two main members of the sentence. The grammatical basis of a sentence is sometimes called the predicative core or predicative stem.

The main members of a sentence include the predicate and the subject; in some cases, a sentence may have only one main member.

In order to highlight the grammatical basis of a sentence, it is necessary to highlight the predicate and subject of the given sentence.

Everything here is as simple as in English. There is a subject in the sentence (answers the question who and what), then a predicate (what he did, what he did), a Determination (for what, for whom), and an object (this is the rest). This is how you can parse the sentence

Grammar basis offers in two-part sentences comprises subject And predicate. The video below is an explanation of the topic for those who are encountering these concepts for the first time - for fifth graders.

This is simple, but then the difficulties begin, because the subject is often associated with a noun or personal pronoun in the nominative case, and the predicate with a verb, so any deviations from this simplified representation cause bewilderment.

Subject names something or something that is being discussed in a sentence, and it can be expressed either in individual words or in whole phrases, see the table below:

Here important to pay attention on what is in the design

numeral / several, many, part, majority, minority + noun

predicate agrees with the words set, part, majority, minority, and not with the noun following it, therefore it should be in singular! You can read about all complex or confusing cases of this kind here.

Definition of predicate also raises a number of difficulties. Why would one verb be simpler - a simple verbal predicate, but no, in the form of the future tense the predicate consists of two words, but at the same time remains simple! By following the simple algorithm given below, you can determine the predicate correctly:

The videos below clearly present the types of predicate and how to correctly define it:

And This Video(you need to follow the link because the video is not inserted into the answer text).

IN incomplete sentences the grammatical stem loses subjects or predicates because it is implied but not spoken. Incomplete proposals should always be considered in the context, because it is from it that the grammatical basis is restored.

It is implied that it is Dimka who is walking, the meaning is restored from the previous sentence. An explanation of the features of incomplete sentences and a simple but interesting test for mastering the material can be found here.

It is necessary to distinguish from incomplete sentences one-piece. In them the grammatical basis is initially expressed either subject to(nominal sentence), or predicate(definitely personal, indefinitely personal, impersonal, infinitive sentence). One-part sentences can often be logically changed into two-part sentences, for example:

They gave you a book

this is an indefinite-personal sentence that can be transformed into Someone gave you a book, but in this case the subjects are invented and not restored from the context (instead of someone there can be another word), and the predicate changes the grammatical form (from the plural in the only one).

More information about one-part offers can be found here.

The grammatical basis of a sentence or predicative core consists of a subject and a predicate (in two-part sentences) or one of them (in one-part sentences).

Accordingly, in order to highlight the grammatical basis of a sentence, it is necessary to find the subject (answers the question What? / Who? and denotes the world or who we are talking about) and the predicate associated with it (usually a verb denoting the action of the subject or its characteristics).