How to choose an autonomous sewer system for a private house - detailed instructions. Which septic tank to choose for a private home and cottage with permanent residence Which septic tank to buy for a private home review

If you try to decide which septic tank is better for a dacha with non-permanent residence, then you will quickly understand that there is no definite answer here. Family budget, “productivity”, geological features of the site - this is an incomplete list of selection criteria, so in each individual case the best solution will be something different. But in any case, the very nature of seasonal living already imposes some fundamental restrictions on the choice of design.

There are universal solutions, but they also have certain limitations. Source skopelitissa.com

Classification of septic tanks

According to the principle of operation of a septic tank, there are the following types:

Cumulative. If we take a strict approach, then this is not a septic tank, but simply a container for collecting wastewater, the prototype of which is a cesspool. Previously, there were no special requirements for the tightness of the walls and bottom of such an underground tank. Now this is a mandatory condition, non-compliance with which is punishable as damage to the land. Therefore, instead of a “pit,” a finished container is buried in the ground or made from reinforced concrete (prefabricated or monolithic).

Anaerobic. This is a classic example of an underground local treatment station, where wastewater, in the process of flowing from chamber to chamber, is separated and processed by bacteria without access to oxygen. The degree of purification reaches 60-70%, and clarified wastewater undergoes additional treatment with aerobic bacteria in filtration fields, trenches or wells.

Aerobic. The design is built in such a way that a full cycle of wastewater treatment with aerobic bacteria occurs inside the septic tank to a level of 95-98%. This is an energy-dependent species, since forced air supply is necessary for the life of microorganisms.

Comparison of the characteristics of the aerobic septic tank BARS-Aero and TOPAS Source erkas.ru

Advantages and disadvantages of septic tanks in dacha conditions

Each type has its own set of advantages:

A storage septic tank for summer living is still one of the most popular options. The advantages include: low price, simple device, ability to accept all types of wastewater, regardless of their “acid-base” balance. It is not subject to standards for the minimum distance from water sources, residential buildings and site boundaries - the wastewater is kept inside a sealed container for the entire period between pumping.

The only drawback is the need to frequently call a sewer truck, the periods between the arrival of which depend on the volume of the septic tank and the intensity of operation. The load on it can be reduced, the duration of operation without pumping can be increased if the wastewater is divided into gray and black, and the water drained from the shower stall, bathhouse and washbasin is drained into its own filter or drainage well.

Effluent from a storage septic tank without electricity has to be pumped out periodically Source strojdvor.ru

An anaerobic septic tank consists of two or three chambers connected in one housing or separated into separate containers. By correctly selecting the volume of chambers and their relationship to each other, the productivity and degree of wastewater treatment are regulated to a “clarified” state, which allows them to be discharged into soil treatment and filtration devices.

Anaerobic septic tanks are energy-independent. The entire liquid part of the wastewater is ultimately discharged into the ground. Containers are cleaned only of solid fractions that settle at the bottom of sealed chambers during the process of separation and processing by bacteria. The frequency of pumping can range from several months to several years - it depends on the volume of wastewater, the number of residents and visitors, and the length of residence. This is the best option for a septic tank for a temporary residence without electricity (even when it is available). But provided that the size of the site and its plan allow the installation to be carried out without violating the requirements of the regulations.

The main disadvantage is the rather strict requirements for location relative to water intake, reservoirs, residential buildings and site boundaries. In addition, when constructing filter fields and wells, there are restrictions on the type of soil and the depth of groundwater.

In some cases, a pump is used to remove treated wastewater Source otepleivode.ru

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer the service of design and installation of sewerage and water supply. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.

An aerobic septic tank, despite almost complete wastewater treatment, is rarely used for non-permanent residences. To create living conditions for microflora that process wastewater, a constant flow of air is required, which is ensured by the operation of the compressor.

When the electricity is turned off, aerobic bacteria die, and to start a septic tank, a fairly large amount of work must be done to prepare the system.

Another reason against interruptions in the functioning of an aerobic septic tank (even if the compressor is running) is the death of bacteria in the absence of “fresh” wastewater containing organic matter, which serves as a food medium for them. But this is not the main drawback. According to the manufacturer of septic tanks Topas, after startup it takes 2-3 weeks to reach the design level of cleaning. That is, if they live at the dacha in the summer, then it should be turned on in the spring and turned off in the fall.

For the same reason, such a septic tank is not suitable for use in winter if people live in a country house non-permanently, when people come here only on weekends.

For the life of bacteria that live in an aerobic septic tank, a constant influx of wastewater is necessary - during long interruptions in work, the colony of bacteria will have to be repopulated Source remont-book.com

Combined septic tanks. A design of this type provides for at least two sealed chambers (in practice, at least three). In the first chamber, the wastewater is divided into fractions and clarified with the help of anaerobic bacteria; in the second, purification with aerobic bacteria occurs.

The advantage of this configuration over the previous option is considered to be higher productivity and less load on the biological phase of purification by aerobic microorganisms. But these are energy-dependent models that have the same disadvantages as septic tanks for non-permanent residences.

Septic tank materials

In both types of septic tanks for non-permanent residences, there must be a container with a sealed bottom and walls.

Septic tanks made of polymers

If you choose among ready-made models, septic tanks are made of durable polymers that are not subject to corrosion and can withstand prolonged exposure to an aggressive environment. These include low-density polyethylene, polypropylene and fiberglass.

All factory containers are designed for a certain pressure both from the inside when filled with wastewater, and from the outside as a result of soil pressure - the thickness of the walls and a set of stiffening ribs guarantee a constant shape.

Most often, factory septic tanks are made using plastic containers. Source alfa-septik.ru

Each type of polymer has its own disadvantages, but they are not fundamental. The main common feature is the low weight of the container. Even when full, the specific gravity of the septic tank, taking into account the solid fractions of the wastewater, does not exceed 1100 kg/m3, and even the bulk density of the soil is at least 1500 kg/m3, not to mention the compacted state in its natural form. Therefore, heaving forces will tend to push the septic tank upward, especially if it is empty. When installing a plastic septic tank, it must be secured to a solid base in the form of a concrete slab. And on heavily heaving soils, it is recommended to backfill the pit with excavated soil mixed with sand.

Note! In any case, during a long break the container should not remain empty. The standard recommendation for a period of absence is to fill it to 3/4 of the volume so that the walls can better withstand soil pressure and the colony of anaerobic bacteria does not die out completely.

Video description

Biological sewage treatment stations for non-permanent residences have their own conservation process for the winter period. Everything is clearly shown in the video:

Metal septic tanks

Polymer septic tanks have replaced metal containers, but they are still found. Among the offers on the metal septic tank market there are three types of containers:

factory products with fixed characteristics;

production to order according to individual sizes;

sale of used steel tanks and containers for technical liquids, which are modified for storage septic tanks.

Unlike polymer ones, such containers have a large margin of safety: the minimum metal thickness is 4 mm, and for large-volume containers - 8-12 mm. But the service life of metal septic tanks at summer cottages, even with anti-corrosion treatment, is lower than that of plastic ones.

Reinforced concrete rings

One of the most popular materials when installing sewer systems for non-permanent residences is reinforced concrete rings of the KS series. They come in different diameters and heights, which allow you to create a structure of optimal volume.

Advantages: high strength and stability in the ground. Concrete has a tendency to get wet during prolonged contact with a humid environment, but this disadvantage is compensated for by waterproofing the surface.

High-quality waterproofing is the key to long-term operation of a septic tank made of reinforced concrete rings Source ru.zhovta.ua

Installing a septic tank is a little more complicated than installing a finished tank. In essence, it is a prefabricated reinforced concrete structure of several containers, each of which consists of several rings (including a filter well without a bottom with perforated walls). But in every region there are construction organizations specializing in such a turnkey service.

Selecting the volume of the septic tank

With the volume of the storage septic tank, everything is very clear - the larger it is, the less often you will have to call a machine to clean it. And if we divide the wastewater into black and gray, then a medium-sized tank will be enough for a “weekend” cottage for the entire season.

An example of separating wastewater into “black” and “gray” Source 1bcm.ru

The shape and dimensions of the storage septic tank are dictated not only by the required capacity, but also depend on the free space on the site, which would provide free access for the vehicle to the technological hatch. The standard location is somewhere in the middle between the wall of the dacha on the side of the bathroom and the border of the site adjacent to the road. There are usually no problems with the depth of the container - the power of the vacuum pump of the sewer machine guarantees pumping out sewage from a depth of up to 4 m.

The volume of a septic tank without pumping is determined by a simple formula - the number of people is multiplied by the water consumption rate of 200 l/day and a factor of 3 (the number of days it takes to disinfect wastewater with bacteria). Sometimes they add 20-25% for the “volley” reset when guests arrive. This total volume is distributed between the chambers. For a two-chamber septic tank (excluding the filter well), at least 2/3 is given to the first tank, for a three-chamber septic tank - at least ½.

Video description

See the following video for the pros and cons of septic tanks and biological stations:

Conclusion

No matter how simple a septic tank for a non-permanent residence may seem, its installation should be done by professionals. Especially if it is an anaerobic septic tank. And the complexity is not even in the installation itself, but in the choice of methods for soil wastewater treatment. Specialists will take into account as fully as possible the geological features of the site and the filtering abilities of the soil.

One of the most important issues when purchasing a plot, cottage or country house is the availability of communications. And if, as a rule, there are no problems with water or electricity, then central sewerage in the private sector, especially far from the city, is a rarity. And the fastest and most practical solution to this problem is to buy a septic tank.

The two most common types of individual treatment facilities are a non-volatile (autonomous) septic tank and a volatile station. Both types of devices for waste disposal use several stages of purification: mechanical sedimentation of suspended matter, filtration and biological treatment. Autonomous septic tanks use anaerobic bacteria to process waste, which do not require oxygen but act slowly. In energy-dependent devices, biological filtration occurs with the help of more active aerobic microorganisms that require the use of aerators. But the level of purification in such septic tanks reaches 98%.

The choice of the optimal model of cleaning device depends on several factors:

1. Required performance. For one person, a volume of wastewater is usually equal to 150 - 200 liters per day.
2. Availability of electricity supply on site.
3. Plot size. Autonomous septic tanks require a larger area, as they are equipped with additional ground filtration fields.
4. Ground water level. High groundwater level may require the use of additional engineering solutions.
5. Soil composition. For areas with hard rocks, it is better to use horizontal septic tanks, since they require a pit of shallower depth.

Our review contains models of septic tanks with the best technical and operational characteristics. When compiling the rating, the following were taken into account:

• recommendations from civil engineers;
• reviews from users who have installed specific models of treatment devices on their site;
• ratio of price and quality of septic tanks.

Useful video - how to choose the right septic tank

The best budget septic tanks for a summer residence

Septic tanks for installation on a summer cottage are small in size and relatively cheap. As a rule, these are simple standalone models that perform the function of a sump and are connected to an additional filtration system. They have an extremely simple one-piece design, a low level of performance, and are also unpretentious in maintenance.

4 TANK-1

Excellent price/performance ratio
Country Russia
Average price: 19,500 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.6

Tank-1 is the youngest model in the Triton Plastic line of non-volatile septic tanks. Its design is simplified to the extreme: there are only two chambers: coarse primary purification and secondary biological purification. But, nevertheless, this small septic tank, capable of purifying up to 600 liters of wastewater per day, has all the advantages inherent in the company’s more expensive models: it has a horizontal layout and a durable one-piece body with special stiffening ribs, which increases service life and eliminates the penetration of soil water into the internal volume of the structure.

This compact model is ideal for installation in a country house and is designed for use by two to three people. The level of wastewater treatment for this septic tank is 75 - 80%, so it is recommended to use a special infiltrator in which additional treatment takes place. Buyers note the compact dimensions of the septic tank, easy installation and trouble-free operation. However, you will still have to clean the chambers from sediment every few years.

3 Termite Pro 1.2

The most durable container
Country Russia
Average price: 23,500 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.6

This miniature vertical septic tank can serve no more than two people. The degree of wastewater treatment reaches 85%. Thanks to its low weight - only 80 kg, Termit Profi 1.2 is easy to transport and install. This is an excellent option for a small country house or a separate bathhouse. An additional advantage is that the wall thickness of the Termit Pro 1.2 tank reaches 20 mm, and the shape of the body is specially designed for optimal performance under load.

According to user reviews, this septic tank is easy to install and maintain. Experienced summer residents recommend that the container be sprinkled with sand cement to increase the service life of the structure. Among the disadvantages is the impossibility of using this septic tank at high groundwater levels on the site.

2 MICROB 450

Best price
Country Russia
Average price: 12,400 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.8

For a dacha visited by 1-2 people, a guest house or a cabin during the construction of a house, the best option would be the budget septic tank Microbe 450. Its capacity is 150 liters per day, and its weight is only 35 kg. Of course, to install it you will need to make a sand cushion and apply a layer of insulation on top, since its walls are thin. But this septic tank can be installed in areas with any groundwater level - of course, following the manufacturer’s design recommendations.

Buyers especially like the device’s reasonable price and easy installation. Of course, for a country house you will need a septic tank with a higher capacity, but for periodic trips to the country and on a limited budget, Microbe 450 is ideal.

As mentioned above, septic tanks are divided into autonomous and energy-dependent. What are their features, what are their strengths and weaknesses - we learn from the detailed comparison table:

1 Rostok Mini

Stable operation in any conditions
Country Russia
Average price: RUB 24,120.
Rating (2019): 4.9

Inexpensive autonomous septic tank for a small country house. According to user reviews, due to the small volume (1000 liters) and light design (total weight is 65 kilograms), installation does not cause much difficulty. The filtration capacity is 200 liters per day - this is not much, but the septic tank is designed for one or two users. Rostok Mini copes well with the assigned functions; it requires pumping once or twice a year (provided that all connections and the system are in good order). A very good option for equipping a summer house or house, which will not put a big dent in the pockets of potential consumers.

Advantages:

• seamless, durable and lightweight (65 kilograms) plastic body;
• the presence of additional stiffening ribs to add strength to the structure;
• completely blocks unpleasant odors;
• low but stable performance;
• does not require frequent maintenance;
• attractive price.

Flaws:

• for its price category - it does not.

The best volatile septic tanks

Treatment stations whose biological filters are populated with aerobic microorganisms are the most technically advanced version of septic tanks. They output water that is 98% purified - it can be used for irrigation, other technical needs, or discharged directly into the ground. Cleaning the tanks of sludge is necessary once every couple of years, and the organic sediment itself is an excellent fertilizer for plants on the site. Since the wastewater does not require additional ground filtration, the structure takes up minimal space.

The main disadvantage of such systems is the need for electricity. The aerobic system always includes an aerator-compressor, which saturates the liquid with oxygen necessary for the life of bacteria. It is this fact that explains the higher cost of volatile stations - both during purchase and installation, and during operation.

5 ERGOBOX 4

Optimal price-quality ratio
Country Russia
Average price: 60,900 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.7

The body of this treatment station is manufactured using rotational molding technology, which guarantees the absence of seams and uniform thickness of the material. The septic tank uses Japanese compressors and German pumps to ensure uninterrupted operation of the entire system. If there is a loss of power, the station can operate normally for two days, after which it switches to the mode of an autonomous septic tank with an anaerobic filter.

Users note, first of all, the excellent price-quality ratio of this model. With a capacity of 800 liters, it consumes only 1.5 kW per day and provides a volume of water disposal sufficient for the permanent residence of 4 people. You can choose either a gravity-flow version of the installation or an option with forced release of wastewater for areas with high groundwater levels.

4 Tver-0.5P

The best aerator
Country Russia
Average price: 75,000 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.7

The service life of this septic tank declared by the manufacturer is 50 years. This becomes possible due to the fact that special structural plastic is used to cast the housing, and the compressor equipment is made in Japan. The degree of water purification in this line of treatment facilities reaches 98%, which makes it possible to eliminate the need for additional ground filters.

The maximum productivity of the equipment is 500 liters per day, so Tver-0.5P can be recommended for a summer house or country house with permanent residence of 2 - 3 people. Customer reviews are almost the same: the device copes with its functions perfectly, there are no smells or noise, and periodic maintenance is required only once a year. The only drawback is the high price with relatively low performance.

3 Unilos Astra 5

User selection
Country Russia
Average price: 76,000 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.8

One of the most famous septic tank models on the domestic market, which does not have a single visible weak point. If you do not take into account the price level, then the fifth Astra fully meets the requirements of a premium class product (if this is acceptable in this case). The system is based on a very fine filtering effect on incoming wastewater - thanks to aerobic and anaerobic filters, it is possible to achieve almost 100% purification rates. In this way, up to one cubic meter of wastewater is processed per day, which is a normal average value. The drain pipe entry can be arranged at heights from 0.6 to 1.2 meters relative to ground level, which greatly simplifies the installation of the tank.

Advantages:

• high degree of aerobic and anaerobic purification (98%);
• reliable container body;
• good throughput (filtration of up to one cubic meter of wastewater per day).

2 Eco-Grand 15 (Topol)

Better processing ability
Country Russia
Average price: RUB 148,230.
Rating (2019): 4.8

A large, energy-dependent septic tank, ideal for equipping large country houses. Except for the fact that the container weighs 380 kilograms, there are no problems with installation. And in terms of operational indicators, everything is very good: the entire volume of the septic tank is divided into four compartments, two of which are equipped with aerators. After the wastewater enters the receiving chamber (a salvo discharge can reach 450 liters), thanks to aeration, solid fractions begin to decompose.

In a separate compartment under the controls there is a compressor for pumping waste water through the system. By the way, the latter consumes a total of up to 2.8 kilowatts of energy per day - not much, but over a long period of operation a decent amount accumulates.

Advantages:

• active filtration and aeration of incoming wastewater;
• good productivity (1.8-2.0 cubic meters of waste water per day);
• capacity equal to six cubic meters.

Flaws:

• high price;
• increased energy consumption.

1 TOPAS 8

The most economical model
Country Russia
Average price: RUB 99,875.
Rating (2019): 4.9

One of the most economical energy-dependent septic tanks available to a wide range of consumers. It is not entirely justified to install such a tank in a country house - it would be much better suited to a small country house. Convenience of manual installation (as in stand-alone models) can no longer be ensured here - the entire structure weighs almost 350 kilograms. Thanks to the installed filters, it does not require cleaning, effectively limits unpleasant odors, and also filters up to 1.5 cubic meters of wastewater per day. According to users, the cost of power supply is noticeable, but much less than that of competitors and older models of this series - the septic tank consumes only 1.5 kilowatts per day.

Advantages:

• popularity among users;
• low power consumption;
• highly efficient filtration;
• reliable case;
• ease of operation and low maintenance requirements.

Flaws:

• not detected.

The best autonomous septic tanks

Autonomous septic tanks that do not require connection to the electrical network are the best option for a summer cottage or a country house in a remote area where there are problems with electricity. Their design does not contain moving mechanical parts, so they are simple, reliable and will perform their functions in any case.

Of course, there are also disadvantages - lower productivity, worse level of wastewater clarification. The best models provide no more than 85% purification, and, therefore, the water requires additional filtration. There are several methods - drainage fields, infiltrators, filtration wells - and all of them mean additional monetary costs and reduce the usable area of ​​the site. However, for houses with periodic residence, such structures may be more preferable, since they do not consume electricity and can be easily mothballed if necessary.

3 Uponor Sako

Good quality plastic
A country: Sweden/Finland (made in Russia)
Average price: 67,575 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.7

The Scandinavian concern for the production of serious household equipment has quite successfully entered the Russian market. The domestic branch has launched the production of autonomous Uponor Sako septic tanks, suitable for installation both in a private house and in a summer cottage. In general, the system is not bad: it reliably retains unpleasant odors, filters wastewater without problems (but not perfectly), and also does not impose high maintenance requirements. The problem area, judging by user reviews, is extreme intolerance to the drainage of rain and drainage water into the local treatment system. Why this happens is a matter of heated debate. But the fact that this is an obvious disadvantage is supported by everyone unanimously.

Advantages:

• good standard filtration efficiency;
• high-quality case materials.

Flaws:

• entry into the rain or drainage water treatment system leads to a deterioration in filtering ability.

2 Termite Pro 3.0

Maximum cleaning degree in the classroom
Country Russia
Average price: 49,100 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.7

The productivity of this model, which uses the principle of anaerobic clarification of wastewater, is 1200 liters per day. At the same time, the purification level reaches 85%, which allows minimizing the area of ​​final ground filtration. Such a septic tank with a sufficient supply provides permanent residence for six people. The tank is washed only once a year, and the structure is completely autonomous.

According to user reviews, the septic tank fully complies with the characteristics declared by the manufacturers, is reliable and practical. It is especially convenient to use it for seasonal living: mothballing it for the winter and then putting it into operation again is not a problem. The disadvantages include a rather complicated installation procedure.

1 Triton-ED-3500 Horizontal

Profitable price
Country Russia
Average price: 43,500 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.8

This is a relatively inexpensive option for a purification system for a country house or country house where there are significant problems with the power supply. The model's capacity is 700 liters per day, which meets the needs of 4 - 6 people. At the same time, the septic tank does not require an electrical connection, and sludge can be pumped out once a year. Of course, in order for the water discharged into the ground to be sufficiently purified, it will be necessary to additionally use a drainage field or infiltrator.

Buyers especially like the horizontal layout of the septic tank, which allows you to limit the depth of the pit, as well as its independence from the electrical network. The disadvantages of the device are that it must be placed away from residential premises, since it is not possible to completely get rid of odors. This treatment plant is especially suitable for a country house in which a family of 2-3 people lives, but guests periodically come.

When organizing drainage for a cottage, you can connect to the central sewer pipe of the village or install an autonomous sewer system. The first option is not always possible and is often too expensive, so many people opt for creating their own system.

Today, the best option for autonomous collection of used liquid is septic tanks.

A septic tank is a local installation that is part of the sewer system. In fact, this is an improved, well-known cesspool. Today they exist from the most ordinary storage systems, requiring periodic removal, to fully functional systems that carry out complete wastewater treatment.

Why is it better to install a septic tank at your dacha instead of a cesspool?

Several main advantages of autonomous wastewater treatment:

1. Comparative ease of installation;
2. Environmental friendliness;
3. No large expenses or labor costs for installation and maintenance are required;
4. Guarantee of a high level of wastewater treatment;
5. Septic tanks can serve for many years, they are reliable and durable;
6. It is possible to install in any region with any type of soil;
7. A variety of systems allow you to choose the best option for both a small house and a spacious cottage where many people live;
8. You can arrange them yourself by selecting suitable materials.

The advantages of using them are obvious. In addition, the level of soil contamination is significantly reduced.

Work principles

There are many types of septic tanks on the market, but they all operate using the same technology. These are containers consisting of several parts, where the process of waste purification takes place, for further discharge into a canal, soil, or for reuse for other economic needs. Each compartment undergoes a certain degree of cleaning:

• physical, during which excess debris is removed;
• settling stage;
• decay of organic waste;
• processing by anaerobic bacteria;
• removal of accumulated gases;
• clarification and filtration process.

All these steps allow wastewater to be purified to almost 98%. If deeper cleaning is required, you will have to resort to additional filtration through aeration fields.

Types of septic tanks

Experts distinguish several types into which septic tanks can be divided. This is the design of the unit, the principle of operation and the material of the tank.

Based on their operating principle, cleaners are divided into:

1. Cumulative

This is a completely energy-independent and most budget-friendly type of septic tank that you can construct yourself. The system is a reservoir into which all wastewater is drained and settled before pumping.

Advantages of storage systems:

• relative low cost of installation;
• autonomy, independence from electricity;
• minimum maintenance budget;
• Suitable for installation in places with high groundwater levels.

Minuses:

• requires periodic pumping and cleaning;
• not intended for large burst volumes of wastewater;
• emit an unpleasant odor;
• it is better to use such autonomous sewage systems on land with predominantly sandy composition;
• There will be expenses for vacuum cleaners.

2. Anaerobic with filtration fields

This option allows you to save on pumping wastewater, but is not cheap. The system consists of a container divided into several compartments, where various stages of cleaning occur until the waste is completely processed. The outlet water is purified up to 75%, which means you don’t have to worry about soil contamination. But if there is a need for its further use, then cleaning with anaerobic fields will be required.

Almost all models of anaerobic septic tanks with filtration fields are built using waste-free processing technology - without pumping wastewater. They are the most effective and therefore the most expensive. So-called anaerobic bacteria make it possible to purify wastewater up to 98%. The process itself is fully automated and allows for the processing of large volumes of wastewater.

All filtration systems are divided into:

• factory or handicraft production;
• cumulative nature or options without pumping;
• non-volatile or autonomous.

What does a septic tank consist of? What materials are they made of and how are they built?

For the manufacturing process of a septic tank, the following materials are used:

Plastic

These are light and strong containers that are easy to install. And they are inexpensive. They have a long service life, which, with proper use, reaches 50 years. There are models both accumulative and with their own processing.

The small mass of plastic septic systems is also their disadvantage if a high groundwater level is found on the site. The container can literally float to the surface, so installation in such areas is not recommended. Or they are additionally fixed in the ground using concreting.

Concrete

This is a durable, reliable type of storage device that is non-corrosive and resistant to environmental influences. The best option is when a high groundwater level is found on the site.

Due to their heavy weight, installing concrete septic tanks requires special equipment. However, you can erect such structures yourself - in several stages, gradually pouring concrete to the desired height.

Metal

Metal septic tanks are inexpensive. They are universal containers, due to their minimal weight, they can be installed even at high groundwater levels.

The downside is that they are short-lived and have a short service life. The material is quickly destroyed by corrosion and the activity of anaerobic bacteria.

How to choose the right septic tank for your home? And how much does it cost?

Choosing a suitable septic tank for a summer house or cottage can be quite a difficult task. In the absence of special knowledge, it is better to take the advice of a specialist in order to avoid system failure and other problems in the future.

What you can do yourself is to calculate the required volume. The following formula is used for this:

septic tank volume = 200 l (average daily water consumption per person) x 3

It should be noted that the formula does not take into account the additional use of water for various household needs, such as: watering lawns, gardens, car washing, functioning of a swimming pool, fountains, etc. Therefore, the resulting amount is multiplied again by 3. For example, when living in a house of 3- x person, we get:

3 x 200 x 3 = 1,800 liters per day

As we see, in this case, to organize an autonomous sewer system, it may be sufficient to install a small septic tank without plunging into the nuances of large sewer systems.

Which septic tanks are best suited for houses and cottages for permanent residence?

When choosing an autonomous sewer system for a cottage where people plan to live permanently, we again proceed from the number of days and volumes of water consumed by the residents.

Practice shows that for a family with an average income, a 2-3 section storage device in combination with a septic tank filter will be sufficient to provide sewerage at home. For example, a 3-section system, in which 2 compartments are storage tanks, and the 3rd is equipped without a bottom, with a backfill of crushed stone or a sand cushion for discharging purified water.

When organizing this type of autonomous system, it is important to take into account that the pillow is changed every 2-3 years, and the septic tank purifies the water by about 90%.

The best septic tanks for country houses for seasonal use

If residents rarely visit their home or dacha, or even live in it only during the summer season, then there is no need for a complex, high-performance sewer system. In this case, country property owners most often purchase single-chamber, compact drives. Unlike cesspools, they are equipped with crushed stone and sand filters and purify wastewater up to 50%.

If visits to the house occur more often, experts recommend choosing two-chamber septic tanks equipped with settling and filtration compartments. Typically, such septic tanks are assembled with activated sludge, which contains bacteria and processing waste. The body material is most often made of frost-resistant plastic, and you can install such a system yourself.

What to look for when choosing a septic tank?

Autonomous sewer systems are selected individually for each specific home. This takes into account:

1. Period of continuous use of the house. If residents rarely live in a cottage, then there is no point in spending the family budget on the use of expensive systems, and the installation itself will be unprofitable. In addition, not all systems are suitable for periodic use and do not allow periods of downtime;
2. Plot size, groundwater level and soil composition. You need to carefully read the operating conditions of septic tanks. Installation of many of them is impossible in an area with a high groundwater level, some do not require location in limited areas, and conventional storage tanks are best placed in sandy soil;
3. Performance. The daily volume of wastewater discharge influences the choice of septic tank performance;
4. Budget. Is the most important factor of choice. If it is limited to a small amount, then single-chamber or double-chamber installations are recommended, without the use of additional high-tech equipment.

It is important to know that it is better not to skimp on the quality and cost of a septic tank. Since this will directly affect the comfort of living of residents in a private house.

Rating of septic tanks for a country house

There are many models of devices and filtration systems on the modern market; the septic tank rating list is formed based on data on the number of sales and user opinions. The most popular systems are Ecopan, Breeze, Graf and others.

"Ekopan"

Purifier with biofilter, consisting of 6 compartments. The container is made of durable waterproof polymer. There are options for normal soils and areas with high groundwater levels.

"Breeze"

Ideal for a home where up to 3-5 people live permanently throughout the year. The reservoir with a filter is made of plastic and is divided into 2 sections: in the first, the wastewater is settled, and in the second, it undergoes bacterial treatment. At the final stage, when draining into the ground, the water undergoes additional purification.

"Graf"

A line of proposals where the main reservoir, depending on the intensity and amount of liquid used, is a multi-chamber anaerobic septic tank. After the final stage of treatment, the water is 70% purified, so additional purification is required using drainage fields.

"Aster"

High-performance septic tank equipped with a compressor. It is selected individually, depending on the number of residents and the daily volume of wastewater.

The device prevents the occurrence of unpleasant odors and is placed in close proximity to the house. Purified water is suitable for disposal into a ditch.

"Triton-mini"

This septic tank fully lives up to its name. This is a compact, two-chamber water purification system with a capacity of 750 liters, suitable for regular use in private houses and cottages where up to 2 people live. Requires pumping approximately every 3 years.

Conclusion

A properly organized drainage system and an optimally selected septic tank will be the key to a comfortable life for everyone who is used to living in their own private home, cottage or dacha.

Modern models allow you to set up a convenient, autonomous, and, most importantly, reliable sewerage system that will work effectively for many years without repairs or additional costs.

Can't connect to the central sewer? You can solve the problem locally - install a septic tank. To make this task easier, we have prepared a review of 9 reliable septic tank manufacturers. There is a good chance that other companies you come across are either copying or counterfeiting these 9 products.

We warn you! Hereinafter, by septic tanks we mean any engineering structures designed to collect or process wastewater, unless otherwise indicated. These include VOCs and SBOs – local treatment facilities and biological treatment plants, respectively.

Instructions for selection and installation of VOCs

Purpose of the article: talk about the most reliable companies that have been producing septic tanks and biological treatment plants for household wastewater for more than 10 years. Simplify the selection of the appropriate equipment model based on the needs of the buyer, soil conditions on the site and the purchase budget.

Types of septic tanks

Before we talk about sewage treatment plants, let's do a little education. Conventionally, all treatment facilities can be divided into 3 groups:

• storage tanks. It doesn’t matter what they are made of, their function is the same – to accumulate waste until the sewer truck arrives. Relatively cheap, easy to install, and do not require maintenance as such. Use is limited by the useful volume of the container, hence the need to use water economically and rely on the services of vacuum cleaners. It's inconvenient and expensive. They are used only when soil and other conditions do not allow the installation of structures from the following two groups;
• settling tanks. Multi-section tanks that do not require an electrical connection for settling wastewater and its anaerobic treatment. Microbiological purification processes proceed slowly in an oxygen-depleted environment. The outlet water has a characteristic odor and is purified to a maximum of 60%, so it must be further purified. For this purpose, fields or filtration wells are used: wastewater seeps through the soil layer, after which it does not pose a threat to the environment. Sedimentation tanks are simply designed and affordable, but require maintenance. They need to be periodically cleaned of accumulated sediment, and the filtration field needs to be redone every 5 years. This solution is not suitable for high groundwater levels (GWL) and soil with poor permeability, for example, clay;
• aeration stations. The most advanced systems for preparing household goods. drains. Through the process of settling, aeration and the use of microorganisms, the wastewater is purified by more than 90%, has no odor, and can be discharged into roadside ditches. However, such stations require connection to the power grid, and their efficiency suffers during power outages. Plus, they are expensive and require qualified maintenance.

We've sorted out the types of treatment facilities. It remains to take 5 steps to choose the one that suits your operating conditions.

We hope that this table helped you choose the appropriate septic tank option. All that remains is to decide on the manufacturer. The table below contains 9 companies and their brief characteristics. All the manufacturers we reviewed offer solutions for both seasonal and permanent residence.

1. “Aqua Hold” – septic tanks Bars

at a price of 54,900 rub.

2. “Topol-ECO” – Topas treatment facilities

at a price of 89,900 rub.

Topol-ECO is engaged in the development and production of autonomous aeration-type treatment plants. The company was founded in 2002, the plant is located in the Moscow region, Lobnya.

The manufacturer's catalog includes both individual treatment facilities for private homes, as well as complex and specialized solutions for a group of houses, towns and enterprises. There are also other plastic products: cellars, decorative stones, contact tanks, galvanic baths, etc.

The company produces VOCs, which comprise 3 large groups:

• For private houses. Topbio - non-volatile septic tanks for installation in sandy soils. Topas and Topas-S are stations with two or one compressor, respectively. Topaero - treatment facilities with protection against increased volley discharge of wastewater.
• For enterprises and towns. Topglobal is a complex of equipment with reinforced concrete tanks for cleaning household goods. and industrial wastes. Topaero-M is a set of VOCs with increased total productivity for the treatment of domestic wastewater. Topaero-M/E is an analogue of the previous version for any type of waste.
• Specialized stations. Toplos-FL – for cleaning wastewater from organic matter. Cyclone is a system for post-treatment of household wastewater. Toplos-KM – container-type VOC for household use. drains. Toppolium is a fat separator from wastewater from public catering establishments. Toprein is a stormwater treatment plant.

The presented equipment covers a wide range of performance. The youngest models are designed for 4 people, the oldest – up to 200. The use of active forced aeration guarantees the purification of household waste by 98%. Therefore, the company positions its sewage treatment facilities as treatment facilities that do not require calling a sewer truck.

In most cases, polypropylene sheets with a thickness of 8 to 20 mm are used as the main material. The rigidity of the structure is achieved by using internal partitions and lattice structures as stiffeners.

* you can select a modification with a built-in pump for forced pumping of treated wastewater. Models with higher productivity come with an extended neck for in-depth installation of the station when it is located far from home, as well as reinforced versions for difficult soils.

Conclusion: The main part of the products from Topol-Eco, which can be used in a private home or on a summer cottage, are energy-dependent biological treatment stations. They are made using the most advanced technology to date, which is why they are more expensive than conventional septic tanks with a filtration field. But you also need to take into account that such equipment requires qualified maintenance, does not tolerate long-term power outages and is designed for constant use.

3. “SBM-Group” – Unilos treatment facilities

at a price of 59,000 rub.

The SBM-Group company produces Unilos stations, storm sewers, water pumping stations, plastic containers, and fat separators. The plant has been operating since 2006 in the Moscow region, there is production in St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk, and a plant was opened in Kazakhstan in 2015.

Production technologies and range

The main emphasis is on autonomous sewage systems made of polypropylene, fiberglass and concrete. The stations are designed for cleaning household goods. and storm water. The productivity of septic tanks, depending on the chosen model, can range from 0.6 to 10,000 cubic meters per day.

Septic tanks are represented by three product lines:

• Biological treatment stations Unilos. This includes models of the Astra series and a modification with a service platform - Scarab, high-performance systems for villages - Mega, container-type kits for rotational camps - Container.
• Low-capacity septic tanks for summer cottages. The line includes aeration stations of the Uni-Sep series of hybrid type, a four-chamber non-volatile wastewater purifier Kedr and a three-chamber Unilos-OS.
• Storage containers. Containers made of polypropylene and reinforced fiberglass with pumping of wastewater using a sewer machine.

*this is standard equipment. There are Midi modifications with a built-in pumping station, a post-treatment and/or disinfection unit, as well as Long - with the same options, only of greater height.

Unilos Astra 5 is the most popular model among those who live in a private home all year round. The video below talks about the design of such a station and describes in detail the principle of its operation.

Conclusions: From the SBM-Group company under the Unilos brand you can choose the Astra aeration system, which is very similar in design to Topas from Topol-Eco. The choice among non-volatile septic tanks is limited to one model, but you can choose a storage tank of the required volume. Those. The manufacturer is more focused on consumers who permanently live in their own home.

4. “Elite Stroy Invest” – Tank septic tanks

at a price of RUB 34,900.

The Elite Stroy Invest company (formerly Triton Plastic) specializes in the production of plastic septic tanks, water and fuel tanks, caissons, swimming pools and a variety of goods for the garden. The plant is located in the Moscow region, Mytishchi. Operating since 2007. Deliveries are possible throughout the country through the dealer network.

Production technologies and range

The catalog includes products for drainage devices of three types:

• storage containers. This includes containers made of Triton-N polyethylene with a volume of 1 to 3.5 m3;
• septic tanks And. This includes the Microbe model (3-12 people) - a 2-chamber model for a summer residence, as well as Triton-T (2-10 people), Tank and Tank Universal (1-25 people). These are 3-chamber tanks with the ability to increase the stages of wastewater treatment by adding additional blocks;
• bioremediation systems. Energy-dependent VOC Biotank (4-10 people) and Eurobion (4-150 people) made of HDPE and polypropylene, respectively.

The main material for the manufacture of containers is HDPE. The thickness of the material ranges from 10 to 15 mm depending on the model and location. For example, it is greater near stiffening ribs, and less on straight lines or areas of slight curvature.

The video below clearly demonstrates the production of HDPE Tank models. The plant is equipped with modern equipment; sheet plastic is supplied from Russian, Czech and German manufacturers.

* This is a model with gravity drainage of treated wastewater. There is a modification with an installed pump for forced drainage. There is also a model with a horizontal design.

** The infiltrator looks like an inverted plastic bath and serves as the boundary of the filtration area of ​​purified wastewater.

Conclusions: Although this manufacturer offers different types of models, it is known more for its sedimentation tanks. The Tank series line is ideal for dacha conditions and, in certain cases, can be used for permanent residence. During production, HDPE with a thickness of 10-15 mm is used, which is not always enough to ensure structural rigidity when installed in difficult soils.

5. “Multplast” – Termite septic tanks

at a price of 25,000 rubles.

The Multplast company specializes in the production of products made of polyethylene and fiberglass: septic tanks, caissons, wells, etc. This manufacturer is known for its Termite and Ergobox product lines. The plant has been operating since 2004 and is located in the Vologda region, Cherepovets. The company has its own warehouses in Moscow, St. Petersburg, and also in the Krasnodar region. They deliver throughout the Russian Federation thanks to a developed dealer network.

Production technologies and range

The equipment is represented by 2 main product lines:

• settling tanks. Produced under the Termite brand. Includes several modifications: Pro – 2- and 3-chamber septic tanks for dachas with low groundwater level; Transformer - the same as Pro, but with one neck (more rigid design); Transformer PR is a modification with a pump for forced pumping of treated wastewater at high groundwater levels. There are also storage models with a capacity of up to 5.5 cubic meters;
• biological treatment stations. Produced under the Ergobox brand. They are modifications of Transformer (PR) models in which a compressor and aerators are installed.

All these products are made using rotational molding from Korean-made HDPE. The result is a durable, seamless structure with developed stiffening ribs. The wall thickness is 20 mm.

* S – gravity flow. There is a PR modification with a pump for forced pumping out of treated wastewater. It costs 6 thousand rubles. more expensive than the gravity version.

Video demonstrating the installation process of a Termite septic tank. From a short video you will also learn about what diameter the supply pipe should be, whether it can have 90-degree turns, how and where to discharge the treated wastewater, etc.

Conclusions: It’s easy to notice the similarity of products from “Multplast” with products like Tank. All the same pronounced stiffening ribs and simple design. Of particular interest may be versions with a compressor - a simple modification gives the design special properties. However, it must be taken into account that a small number of chambers can lead to poor quality of wastewater treatment and, as a consequence, the need to construct a filtration field or well for additional treatment.

6. “Eurolos” – Eurolos cleaning systems

at a price of 26,000 rubles.

The Eurolos company is a relatively young company; the plant has been operating in the Moscow region since 2015. It gained considerable popularity due to the production of high-quality plastic products: wastewater treatment systems, caissons, grease traps. Deliveries from the manufacturer are carried out from a warehouse in Moscow, throughout the country - through a developed dealer network.

Production technologies and range

Cleaning equipment is represented by 2 lines:

• for individual use. This is Eurolos Udacha - a compact septic tank for seasonal use in the country; Eurolos Eco – 3-chamber settling tank; Eurolos Bio – VOC with pump and ejector; Eurolos Pro – aeration SBO. They are designed for a family from 3 to 20 people;
• for collective use. This is Eurolos Kontus - a modular system for wastewater treatment. Capacity from 20 to 4000 cubic meters per day.

All containers are made from polypropylene sheets 8-10 mm thick. In the Bio model, oxygen is supplied not by a compressor, but by a pump + ejector combination. How this works is clearly shown in the video below.

We also recommend looking at a full review of this treatment station, which explains the principle of operation of the system and the role of each of the components. We focus on the Bio model because it is the most popular among Eurolos buyers.

The kit does not include accompanying structures for arranging a treated wastewater discharge system. An infiltrator will cost an additional 5,600 rubles, a well - from 21,000 rubles, submersible drainage pumps - from 2,900 rubles.

Conclusions: In the range of the Eurolos company you will find solutions for the construction of a local treatment plant for seasonal and permanent residence of different capacities and the degree of preparation of wastewater for discharge into the external environment. It should be noted that the basic set of equipment is affordable, however, due to the small thickness of the tank walls, we do not recommend installing such systems in difficult soils where there is a possibility of the structure being compressed.

7. “Ekoprom” – septic tanks Rostock

at a price of RUB 26,800.

The Ecoprom company has been producing products from recycled polyethylene since 2008. The range includes containers for water, fuels and lubricants, septic tanks, grease traps, tanks for shower cabins, etc. Today there are 3 factories in the Moscow and Leningrad regions.

Production technologies and range

2 product lines are designed for local sewerage installations:

• drives. Rostok U sealed containers with a volume from 1250 to 3000 liters.
• settling tanks. These are 2-chamber septic tanks Rostock Mini, Dachny, Zagorodny, Cottage. Volume from 1000 to 3000 liters - this is enough for use by a family of 2-6 people.

All containers are made from recycled materials, which determines their competitive cost. The tanks are made from HDPE using rotational molding. In this case, the wall thickness is 10-12 mm.

Watch a 2-minute video that clearly shows the structure of the Rostock Dachny septic tank and describes the role of each element of the treatment system.

The price does not include an infiltrator for constructing a filtration field. This is about another 7,000 rubles. a piece.

Conclusion: Are you looking for the simplest sedimentation tanks for your dacha and their main quality for you is strength, tightness and affordable cost? Then you should consider purchasing a septic tank from Ecoprom. Especially if we are talking about a dacha, and the plot is located somewhere on the outskirts of the partnership. Because the quality of pre-cleaning, due to the presence of only two chambers, leaves much to be desired.

8. “NEP-center” – Eurobion cleaning systems

at a price of 84,000 rubles.

GC "NEP-Center" has been specializing in the production of local treatment facilities for low-rise buildings since 1998. The plant is located in the Moscow region, Kubinka. The company has a powerful scientific and technical base for developments in the field of wastewater and drinking water treatment. Delivery throughout the Russian Federation through the dealer network.

Production technologies and range

All systems are equipped with active aeration of wastewater and are classified into a general group - aeroseptics. Depending on the model, they can satisfy the needs of 4 to 100 people. According to the company’s engineer-inventor, Yu.O. Bobylev, NEP-Center products are the result of the evolution of the VOC Topas line.

Station maintenance is an important stage of system operation. From the video below you will learn not only how to maintain VOC Eurobion 5, but also how the station is cleaned and what role is assigned to each of its components.

Conclusions: Treatment facilities from NEP-Center have a well-thought-out design in terms of the efficiency of wastewater treatment, but their maintenance requires highly qualified workers. Such systems are excellent for continuous use, but at the same time their cost is higher than their analogues.

9. Trade House "Engineering Equipment" - septic tanks Tver

at a price of 67,900 rub.

The company TD "Engineering Equipment" has been operating since 1992 and specializes in scientific research, production, construction and installation of equipment for wastewater treatment and pumping. The company's product range includes LOS Tver, storm water treatment facilities in Svir, grease traps, and wastewater treatment plants for car washes in the Northern regions. Production is carried out at 4 factories in the Russian Federation.

Production technologies and range

• for private houses. Biological treatment stations made of polypropylene of the Tver-P line are designed for 2-36 users, depending on the performance of the system;
• for residential complexes. Cleaning equipment in a metal or polymer housing with high capacity for 30-1500 people.
• for rotation camps. Container version Tver-S for 6-1000 people;
• in block-modular design. Modular designs Tver-BM with flexible adjustment of wastewater flow by varying the number of connected blocks;
• for solid waste landfills. Specialized Tver-MSW stations in container design for deep treatment of wastewater from solid waste landfills.

All models of Tver treatment systems are energy-dependent installations for seasonal or permanent residence. Polypropylene with a thickness of 5 mm is used as the material for the walls of the containers. The rigidity of the structure is ensured by stiffening ribs and internal partitions.

* There are 7 more modifications of this station, for example, the model with the PN index has a pump compartment with a submersible pump for forced supply of treated wastewater.

The video below provides detailed information about installing a Tver-0.75 PN septic tank. A company representative at a real site explains the structure of the system and the role of each of its elements. Station maintenance is described in detail. If you are thinking about buying this model, be sure to check it out!

Conclusions: Trade House "Engineering Equipment" does not offer a large selection of systems for country houses. The guys simply developed a model that works well and scaled it up. The result is not the most compact water purification station at an average price. The main thing is that it works, right?

Editor's Choice

All the presented manufacturers are good, but we especially want to highlight the following:

• "Aqua Hold". For septic tanks Leopard: a large selection of models of different types, the durable body of which is made of HDPE with a thickness of 25 mm. You can choose a treatment facility for any conditions. There are solutions for summer cottages, for permanent residence, for low and high groundwater levels, and for various types of soil. Product prices are average for the market.
• "Elite Stroy Invest". For simple septic tanks Tank, which are ideal for a summer residence - durable, reliable, priced from 25,000 rubles.
• Trade house "Engineering equipment". For biological treatment stations Tver. Unlike most VOCs, it not only copes with the task of cleaning wastewater, but is also easy to maintain - no need to call a specialist. This is possible thanks to easy access to each station camera.

FAQ

Here we have collected answers to pressing questions about septic tanks.

What material is the best septic tank?

Factory products for individual use are made from polymer materials: polypropylene, low-density polyethylene (HDPE), fiberglass. They are relatively light, do not corrode, are strong, sealed and durable - all these materials are good.

The only question is to what extent their capabilities are realized in a particular septic tank design. For example, there may be a polypropylene container in which the seams are welded poorly, so it will leak after some time.

The rigidity of the structure is influenced by the thickness of the material and the presence of structural elements: stiffeners and internal partitions. Therefore, if the design is unsuccessful or simply does not suit specific operating conditions, the septic tank can be flattened or torn apart by soil. But the point here is not in the quality of the material from which it is made, but in the design itself.

I can’t decide between a non-volatile septic tank and a biological treatment station with aerators. What's better?

If for a summer residence, choose a non-volatile sump tank, provided that the groundwater level is below 1.5 meters, and the soil itself has good filtering abilities. For example, it is sand or sandy loam. Once a season you will have to do dirty work and remove accumulated sludge from the bottom of the tank, but in general this solution is the most economically feasible and convenient for seasonal living.

For private homes, it is better to buy a system that ensures maximum purity of wastewater leaving the treatment plant. You can’t do without a station with aerators. One of the advantages: the wastewater does not smell after it, it is cleaned so much that it can be poured into roadside ditches. However, this solution is more expensive, and automation and compressors require connection to the electrical network.

Summer cottage near the forest, seasonal accommodation, four people. Recommend a septic tank.

If you need something cheaper and simpler, then consider the Termite Pro 2.0 option. It is very similar to the well-known Tank, but costs only 39,000 rubles. The manufacturer also often has promotions - you can save several thousand.

The filtration field can be set up next to the forest. This is where you will dump wastewater for further treatment. This way you will cause minimal inconvenience to yourself and your neighbors.

At the dacha there is a well from which water is used for food purposes. Which septic tank to choose?

Obviously, a treatment station is required here, after which the wastewater can be discharged into a roadside ditch. If there is no ditch, it can be lowered into the ground, provided that the discharge point must be 50 m from the well.

If the soil does not accept water, then in some cases it makes sense to think about installing a storage tank and then calling the vacuum cleaners.

Will the drains freeze in winter? Is it necessary to insulate a septic tank?

If used constantly, they will definitely not freeze - a kind of bioreactor is constantly working inside, generating heat. In extreme cases, you can insulate it by pouring a layer of straw or leaves on top.

During seasonal use, it is recommended to fill the container 2/3 with drainage, additionally insulating it on top. This way the container will not float up and be crushed by frozen soil. We recommend that you additionally read the instructions for the specific model; the manufacturer may have a different opinion on this matter.

What happens to a volatile water treatment plant if the power goes out?

Typically, such systems are very sensitive to power outages. The compressor pumping air stops working, and after 6 hours the amount of oxygen in the wastewater is significantly reduced. The struggle begins between aerobes and anaerobes. Effluent can begin to ferment due to anaerobes, so after turning on the electricity, normal operation occurs within several days.

Is there a strong smell from the septic tank?

After a regular septic tank there is a strong, characteristic smell of sewage. It can be felt even close to the filtration field, so they are installed in the most remote place.

After systems with aeration, the water is cleaner and does not smell. Unless the station's operating mode is disrupted: exceeding the permissible peak discharge, power outage, use of aggressive detergents.

Installed a septic tank with a filtration field without connecting to the power supply. How to service it?

Once every six months it is necessary to open the container and check the amount of sediment. If it is more than 1/5 of the height of the container, it will have to be removed. Use a bucket or fecal pump for this purpose.

Light fractions will accumulate on the surface of the wastewater. If they form a thick, hard layer more than 5 cm thick, it is also better to remove it in a timely manner, because it can subsequently significantly complicate cleaning the tank.

When building a residential building, they simultaneously design a sewer system, most often an independent one. If previously sewage was dumped into a cesspool, now septic tanks are replacing it everywhere. These are progressive devices for the purification of household wastewater, which are an airtight vessel divided into chambers in which the wastewater is first settled, then processed by microorganisms, and then filtered.

The huge selection of drain purifiers on the market raises the question of which septic tank is better for a home with permanent residence, and which one is more suitable for the conditions of a country house.

The main element of a closed (local) sewer system is classified according to various criteria. Based on the number of wells, one-, two- and three-chamber septic tanks are distinguished. They are made of steel, reinforced concrete products, plastic and fiberglass, and equipped with suitable materials.
The following is a classification of septic tanks by design features. Depending on the range of functions implemented, there are three types of septic tanks for homes.

1. Cumulative. It includes one chamber or two communicating wells. The waste in a sealed storage tank is separated into liquid and dense fractions, organic matter is broken down, and the liquid with suspensions settles. To avoid overfilling of the vessels, sewage is pumped out from time to time. You can use the storage tank as a basis when installing an inexpensive country septic tank. This technical solution is acceptable , if residents come to the house only on weekends (pumping will have to be done once a year).
2. A settling tank with a soil post-treatment compartment. This is a reservoir delimited into chambers without a bottom (infiltrators), which play the role of aeration platforms (filtration fields). The chambers contain activated sludge, which accelerates the decay of wastewater.
3. Installation for deep cleaning. In it, waste is decomposed in stages, using various methods. First, the solid fraction settles, then comes the stage of bioprocessing of organic matter. Progressive cleaning units of this group are equipped with a compressor. The method is expensive, but very effective: up to 95% of wastewater goes into a neutral state, and sewage has to be removed no more than once every 5-7 years. It is advisable to equip a deep cleaning station if the house is being built next to a river or pond.

In order for the local sewage system to function more actively, it is recommended to equip a private home with an anaerobic septic tank. It involves the colonization of special bacteria that feed on organic matter and have no need for oxygen into the primary purification tank. This approach speeds up the disinfection and dissolution of wastewater.

If you remove a pipe from the after-treatment tank to communicate with the atmosphere or connect an air compressor, you can get an aerobic septic tank.

To do this, it is inhabited by microorganisms that process organic matter when oxygen is available. Biological decomposition of waste by two types of bacteria allows you to bring wastewater to the state of industrial water.

When organizing wastewater treatment, an inevitable question arises: how to choose a septic tank for your home? To answer this, the problem must be analyzed from several perspectives.

1.Factory product or homemade design. In the second case, the cleaner is made from tires, concrete rings, and bricks. But such a model is permissible only under the condition of periodic or seasonal residence in the house.

A comparison of septic tanks produced at the factory and those manufactured in-house in terms of duration and safety of operation convincingly proves: for household needs, it is better to prefer a purchased installation, which, in combination with proper installation, guarantees full compliance with building and environmental standards.

Stations with a high percentage of filtration allow you to discharge purified water into any body of water.

It is not practical to use such a septic tank for a summer house or a detached cottage, but it can be purchased for a village or street. For an individual user, a two-chamber or two-capacity septic tank is more suitable. The first option collects wastewater and performs its primary purification, the second filters the liquid part and releases water into the ground. Effluent treated with two-chamber units is not allowed to be discharged into water bodies.

2. Material. It also determines the choice of a septic tank for a country house, influencing its service life and reliability.

• Reinforced concrete. The rings, manufactured according to the technical process in accordance with the standards, do not corrode and have great strength, but their installation will not be possible without special equipment.
• Metal. The advantages of steel containers are mechanical strength and affordable price, but the main disadvantage is increased corrosion. From the inside, the walls of the tank are constantly in contact with the chemically active liquid, and on the outside - with the soil. In order for a metal septic tank to last longer, waterproofing will be required. Installation of a massive tank is impossible without lifting equipment.
• Polymer. Plastic septic tanks are in demand due to their low weight and relative cheapness. The disadvantage of the design is instability: during installation the container must be constantly held in a vertical position. Most polymers are susceptible to damage by rodents and cracking when exposed to low temperatures.
• Fiberglass. Along with chemical neutrality, it also has other positive qualities: durable, lightweight, and does not respond to temperature fluctuations. The most durable and practical septic tanks for a country house are made from fiberglass.

3.Groundwater depth and soil type. If a single-chamber model is selected, groundwater must flow deeper than the bottom of the tank. For safe use of the multi-chamber option, they must be 1 m below the bottom of the last stage (filter).

If the water is located at a depth of more than one and a half meters, it is technically difficult to equip drainage fields for three-section septic tanks, especially on waterproof clay soils. Here are some tips for specific conditions.

• Sandy soil. A unit with biological treatment is recommended, upon completion of which the water directly turns into sand. The filtration field is located higher.
• Clay. In addition to bacterial purification, the wastewater must pass through a sand filter. The purified liquid from the septic tank is discharged directly onto the ground.
• High surface water line. The best option is a polymer septic tank with bio-treatment, specially weighted or fixed to prevent floating.

4. Volume of the vessel and its dimensions. The capacity is calculated based on the average daily wastewater per person (with a standard set of plumbing fixtures - 200 liters), the number of residents and a three-day supply. If there are four in a family, the volume of the septic tank is calculated as follows:

200*4 people*3 days. = 2400 liters

If a country mansion is often visited by guests, the result obtained is increased by 2/3: 2400 * 1.66 = 3900 liters. The optimal tank depth is from 1.3 to 3.5 m.

Depending on the resulting cubic capacity, according to Table 1, a septic tank model is selected.

How to choose a septic tank for a private house and cottage

Dacha for occasional holidays

If residents visit the house on weekends, and there is little plumbing equipment in the home, then a productive complex that processes wastewater is not required. Dacha owners often choose inexpensive, low-performance single-chamber drives. Unlike a cesspool, they are filled with sand and crushed stone filter layers, providing 50% purification.

Following the advice of experts, it is better to prefer a small two-chamber mini-septic tank with sedimentation and infiltration sections. If the volume of wastewater is not higher than the standard (certificate), then such equipment perfectly performs the functions assigned to it.

Before choosing a compact septic tank for your dacha, get acquainted with its features:

• mini-septic tanks are sold complete with activated sludge, populated with anaerobic biomaterial (after processing the organic matter, the liquid is filtered in a well, then enters the soil);
• sewer storage tanks are made of reinforced polyethylene, resistant to frost;
• compact products are delivered to their destination in a passenger car; a construction truck crane is not required for loading;
• You can install a septic tank alone.

Country house for permanent residence

For a family with an average income, the best septic tank for a country house is a unit with two or three sections (factory-made or built from reinforced concrete rings). This is a combination of a one- or two-chamber storage tank and a septic tank filter. The first two wells (settlements) are sealed, and the third is without a bottom; a layer of sand and gravel is poured into it.

When the settling tanks are filled, a sewer is called in to clean the septic tank, and the filter components are changed every three years. A multi-chamber septic tank cleans drains by an average of 90%.

Which septic tank to choose for a country house in order to make the drains cleaner and call the sewer less often?

1. Septic tank with filtration field. This is a complex that combines 2-3 wells and a drainage zone (it requires an underground area of ​​at least 30 m2). The minimum gap between the field and the house is 30 m.
2. Multi-section septic tank with biofilter. This is the answer to the question of which septic tank is better for a country house and cottage if there are permanent residents and taking into account the high boundary of the passage of groundwater. The model, manufactured industrially, consists of 4 sections: