How to choose putty for exterior work. Facade putty - features of selection and use Facade putty, ready for use

Types and their features

Putty is a powder or liquid (diluted) building material that performs the function of leveling the surface and giving it aesthetic beauty. It is mainly used to eliminate unevenness and small cracks on the wall.

Photo - façade grouting

The material is classified according to type of use (there are mixtures for interior and exterior use), composition and consistency. Let's look at each type.

Powdered façade putties are perfect for any conditions of use, since it is possible to knead the mixture to the desired consistency. This may be necessary when working on complex objects with various problems (cracks in walls, unevenness or porous surfaces). They tolerate transportation and storage well in any conditions (except high humidity). Sales are made in markets, in special stores and online portals. But such compositions have some disadvantages. Firstly, it is not always convenient to prepare the mixture yourself, and secondly, the storage time of ready-made putty is limited.

Therefore, despite the higher cost, facades are now more often used putty in liquid form, which is immediately ready for use. It is sold in bottles or canisters and has a fairly long shelf life. The advantages include saving time on preparatory processes and ease of use. This leveling mixture is made from synthetic materials, which are combined with natural ones in certain proportions. Latex is used as preservatives.

The use of putties also varies. Depending on the properties of the coating, it can be used outdoors or only for interior work. There is also a base and finishing putty. Their difference lies in the size of the grains and the principle of application. Basic putty applied directly to the prepared wall of the house for further covering with plaster or other building materials. Finish It is also used for final work. Most often, the facade is treated with it before painting. Now there is a combined universal medium-grain putty that can be used both for finishing work and in the initial stages of construction.

Types of compounds

Based on their composition, materials are divided into:

1. Acrylic;
2. Acrylate;
3. Cement;
4. Plaster;
5. Polymer.

Acrylic facade decorative putty(Acrofiller, Poots, Eunice) is very famous due to its characteristics. It is produced immediately in finished form, the liquid has an average viscosity, which greatly simplifies the process of applying the mixture to the wall. It can be used when working on wood, stone, brick and any other surfaces. This putty is latex and moisture resistant.

Latex or acrylate mixture(Alfil, Forward) is known for its improved moisture-resistant characteristics. If frost-resistant acrylic can be used in any conditions, then acrylate is suitable exclusively for application to external walls or ceilings.

Application gypsum putty possible in almost any conditions, but you need to carefully read the instructions from the manufacturer. The properties of the material depend on certain polymer additives. For example, a mixture of gypsum and expanded polystyrene is perfect for cold regions, and a ready-made mixture with latex is perfect for areas with high humidity.

Facade non-shrinking gypsum mixture (Bolars, Ceresit) can also be ready-made or in powder, depending on needs and capabilities (liquid is more expensive). But gypsum has a significant drawback - it cannot be used in very humid areas, otherwise it will become moldy. To solve these problems, manufacturers combine natural minerals with synthetic additives.

Advantages of gypsum mixtures:

1. Excellent technical characteristics;
2. Availability;
3. The plastic mixture perfectly seals cracks and cracks.

Facade cement putty (Anker, Perfekta, Glims, Bergauf) is used in conditions of high humidity, it has the best combination of price and quality. It is very convenient to work on concrete or if you need to repair deep cracks. The main advantage of this composition is that it does not allow moisture to pass into the façade, which has a positive effect on the durability of the building. In most cases, this mixture is produced and sold dry, but it must be stored in dry conditions. Cement putties come in several types:

1. Starters;
2. Finishers;
3. Universal.

Rough starting must be characterized by high ductility and strength, therefore the composition often includes various mineral impurities (particles of lime or marble dust). Compositions with crumbs have a strict grain size limit - up to 0.5 mm. The finish consists of cement, microcalcite and other materials that help ensure maximum evenness of the layer. The disadvantages include high consumption, which is explained by the high absorption of water during the preparation of the composition.

Polymer superplastic facade putty (Knauf, Ivsil, Weber-Vetonit) is the most modern version of this coating. It is used in most cases only for interior work, but if you need to prepare the dock for painting, then its use is necessary. Composition characteristics:

1. Resistance to external aggressive influences;
2. Smoothness (complete absence of graininess);
3. Strength;
4. Plastic.

Elastic putty is produced immediately in liquid form with the addition of expanded polystyrene (for example, the Collection brand). Can be used to prepare foam or foam blocks for coating with paint. Often after this, structural decorative bark beetle or roller plaster is applied.

Video: terracoat facade plaster bark beetle

Instructions for use

The final result of the work depends on what type of façade starting or finishing putty is chosen, so it is very important to read the manufacturer’s recommendations.

Instructions for use materials and advice from the master:

1. The work can easily be done with your own hands, but you need to prepare the wall and the necessary tools in advance. To apply any putty (facade, interior), you need prospectors or spatulas. They need to be selected based on your needs; they come in different widths and shapes;
2. The moisture-resistant, frost-resistant and relief mixture can be applied to the facade only at above-zero temperatures. Any other use will destroy the structure and it will become cracked due to loss of moisture. Some types of coating can be used at sub-zero temperatures (Rusean, Kreps, VTG) - this is a winter putty;
3. Before starting repairs, you need to take care of the cleanliness of the walls. They are cleaned with brushes with metal bristles and coated with several layers of primer;
4. Application technology depends on the type of material. The easiest way is beacon coverage. Here you need to apply several strips to the wall, the thickness of which will indicate the maximum thickness of the coating, and apply further material along them;
5. Always carefully read the description from the mixture manufacturer. The instructions indicate not only the composition, but also possible tricks when working with a certain product;
6. If after using the mixture you plan to paint the building, then you need to choose a white composition. Gray putty will tint the wall, and the paint will not be as bright.

Before you buy façade putty, you must check the quality certificate. The cost of the material depends on the manufacturer and city of purchase. For example, a cement mixture can cost up to 500 rubles in Voronezh, and up to 700 in Moscow.

Puttying walls is an integral stage of both internal and external finishing work, because it is this process that allows you to level the surface as efficiently as possible and prepare the base of the walls of the house for finishing. Unlike putty intended for indoor repairs, more serious requirements are put forward for the exterior of this material, since high and low temperatures, humidity and, of course, frost, characteristic of our climate zone, directly affect the walls of the building. Therefore, this article will be devoted to the consideration of the features of putty for external work and the technology of its application.

Purpose of putty for exterior use

Putty - This is a special mixture with which various types of defects are eliminated, seams, chips, small and more significant cracks and roughness in order to create the most even surface of a wall built using materials such as brick, concrete, foam concrete, gypsum, stone and any others.

As a rule, putty for exterior use includes components such as cement, special mineral and modifying additives, as well as plasticizers. So, exactly these ingredients give the necessary properties to a material intended for outdoor use. To the undeniable benefits putties can be classified as:

• environmentally friendly material and safety for human health;
• durability to various weather conditions in the form of high and low temperatures, their sudden changes, as well as precipitation;
• absence of unpleasant and uncomfortable odors;
• resistance to ultraviolet rays and surface fading;
• enough high plasticity rates;
• The vapor permeability characteristic of the material allows the walls of the house to breathe;
• possibility of subsequent painting or purchasing ready-made color finishing mixtures.

Putty for external work is usually divided into two categories, namely starting and finishing. The first consists of coarse-grained components and is intended for rough surface finishing. Due to the fact that the cost of this material is much less than finishing putty, it is recommended to level the walls as accurately as possible using it. In addition, higher adhesion rates contribute to better adhesion to materials such as brick, concrete, limestone, etc.

Finishing putty, having fine-grained structure, is used for final surface treatment and elimination of small irregularities that were not hidden by the starting layer. It has higher strength indicators and, if necessary, a wide range of colors. On the construction market, putty is presented both in dry form and in ready-made form, which does not require prior dilution with water.

Types of putty for exterior use, their advantages and disadvantages

Depending on the production technology and the components of the mixture, there are the following types of facade putty:

Preparatory work before puttingtying external walls

First of all, you need to choose the right day with favorable weather conditions. The best option for working with this material is considered air temperature condition within 5−25° C and humidity not higher than 70−80%. The wet layer of putty applied to the wall should not come into contact with direct sunlight, a humid environment, or low temperatures.

Tools And materials You won’t need too much, but still the list of preliminary targeted purchases should consist of the following items:

• capacity in which the solution will be mixed;
• for convenience, you can use drill with mixer attachment for mixing the solution;
• respirator and mask necessary in the process of grinding the surface of some types of putty;
• roller or brush for applying the primer mixture;
• metal spatulas, the width of which, as a rule, ranges from 450 to 600 mm;
• grater or diamond mesh for grinding the surface;
• primer deep penetration;
• starting and finishing putty.

Preparatory work includes cleaning the surface from various contaminants, poorly adhering layers of old finishing, as well as removing greasy stains, possible traces of fungus and other types of dirt.

Features of the process of filling external walls

Applying putty to the wall does not present any particular difficulty, but at the same time it is a rather delicate job, the approach to which should be based on patience, accuracy and attentiveness. After all the above-mentioned preparatory work has been carried out, you can begin the process of filling the walls, which is divided into the following steps:

This completes the filling of the external walls of the house. The most important rules that must be followed include, firstly, the complete drying of each layer of putty, and secondly, maintaining proportions when mixing the solution. Everything else depends on your desire, skills and financial capabilities.

Video of wall putty

Both new and old houses require exterior decoration, and today the wet method of finishing the facade is increasingly used. In order to level the walls, seal the joints between slabs or bricks, and then apply the finishing decor with plaster or tiles, façade putty is used. The article will tell you about the types of this finishing material and the technology for working with it.

Leveling walls is one of the most labor-intensive and important processes in facade finishing. Without it, many other works on decorating the exterior of the house become simply impossible. For example, plastering the surface can only be done on perfectly smooth walls, and laying and gluing insulation onto an unprepared base is impossible.

The words putty or putty come from the German word “Spachtel” - spatula; the use of both options is quite acceptable, so in the following story you will be able to see both. In addition to leveling, putty performs another important function - sealing potholes and cracks in the wall. This is what it was originally used for.

Leveling a brick wall

Requirements for facade putty material

Based on the purpose of façade putty, it has a number of requirements that must be taken into account when purchasing.

• Plastic. This property is characteristic of a high-quality solution. If the material does not have it, then there is a serious danger of cracking of the coating and its destruction from atmospheric vibrations.
• Vapor permeability. The most important property of all types of facade finishing materials should also be in the putty. If it is missing, then the fumes will accumulate under the leveling layer and destroy it from the inside.
• Moisture resistance. The ability to repel atmospheric moisture and not allow it to pass inside protects not only the putty coating itself, but also the facade of the house. Water can remain in the pores, and when frozen, expand and destroy it.
• Frost resistance. Cracking from frost or seasonal temperature differences can also affect the main covering of the wall, so frost resistance is a very important quality for a putty mortar.

Materials and tools for puttying

Classification of putties by purpose

All putties for facade work are divided into two types: starting and finishing. Usually both are required. Before purchasing, inquire about the purpose and type of material so as not to buy unnecessary items. In addition, you need to decide which putty you need more and in what quantity.

Starting

The structure of this composition should be coarse-grained and have increased strength and high adhesiveness. It smooths out the main unevenness of the wall, seals structural cracks and potholes on the facade that require repair. Often used to eliminate uneven masonry or defects in concrete walls. The composition can be applied in a fairly thick layer - up to 4 mm. For strength, particles of marble dust and lime are often added to the starting mixture. They give it the necessary elasticity and adhesion to the surface of the building. Most often, cement compounds are used for the starting layer, and polymer binders give the putty elasticity.

Attention! When purchasing a starting putty mixture, make sure that it is intended for facades. It is unacceptable to use compositions for interior work on external walls.

Starting putty

Finish

The final putty coating must be plastic, smooth, waterproof, have good adhesion and strength. Most often, a mixture based on acrylic or silicate binders is used - they are more consistent with the goal of creating a smooth and uniform layer. Finishing putty is used to level the surface, and therefore the particles it consists of must be small.

The finely dispersed structure allows you to create a perfectly even base for future decorative coating. Experienced finishers recommend applying the finishing putty in several steps with a layer of about 3 mm. Do not use mixtures for leveling coating that are difficult to mix with colors. If in the future you are going to finish the walls with decorative plaster or paint, then it is better to tint the finishing putty in the appropriate shade, otherwise it may show through the main finish.

Types of facade putties based on the base

The building materials market offers a wide selection of putty compounds. Manufacturers, prices, types of mixtures can confuse any inexperienced finisher. Let's try to understand the main types.

Reinforcing mesh under cement

Cement

Such putties are considered the best for applying a starting layer and for filling cracks and potholes in the wall. Cement-based mixtures usually consist of cement, lime flour with fractions of 0.2 mm, quartz sand and marble dust. To improve the performance, chemical additives are added to it. The surface covered with starting cement putty looks perfectly smooth, but is quite rough due to the coarse-grained structure of the material. The finishing cement putty has a finely dispersed structure and comes in several colors: gray, beige and yellow. White cement putty is almost impossible to find these days. Since its bleaching requires expensive compounds, which increase the cost of the finished mixture. It is available in the form of powders and ready-made mixtures in buckets. Liquid material also has disadvantages.

• The strong shrinkage of the dried mixture must be taken into account when sealing cracks.
• If the liquid cement composition is applied in a thick layer, then the likelihood of cracking is very high.

In order to prevent the destruction of the cement coating, a reinforcing mesh is applied during the work.

The advantages of cement compositions outweigh their minor disadvantages.

• Ease of use allows even an inexperienced finisher to work with it.
• Cement is a durable material and guarantees high levels of frost resistance, density and weather resistance.
• It has an affordable price, and therefore is very suitable for treating large surfaces, which is typical for building facades.

Important! Never mix cement putty with varnishes, paints and glue so that it does not lose its properties.

Grain of cement finish

When purchasing cement compositions, pay attention to the brand of cement, compressive strength and level of adhesion.

Plaster

Plastering with a gypsum mixture is one of the easiest ways to putty the surface of a facade. It is very easy to work with gypsum because it has a flexible, light structure and can be leveled well. Plastic makes it possible not only to easily level, but also to accurately form corners and perform other shaped work on the facade of a building. Positive aspects include good vapor permeability, frost resistance, smoothness, and easy coloring. The lack of shrinkage allows you to make a layer as thick as you like and apply it in one go.

But there are also negative sides. If you live in rainy, humid areas, it is better to use gypsum to a minimum, as it absorbs moisture quite well and can be destroyed under its influence. On the other hand, the gypsum mixture dries out very quickly, so working with it under the scorching sun is not recommended.

When purchasing gypsum plaster, pay attention to the manufacturer. It is better to take proven brands. This way you will protect yourself from rapid damage to the facade and will be confident that the mineral additives contained in the composition are of high quality, which means the coating will last longer.

Gypsum plaster can be applied in one layer

Acrylic

These finishing materials come in starting and finishing materials. Having all the necessary properties, acrylic mixtures can and should be used for facade work. They are sold ready-made, which makes their use even easier. Facade putty made of acrylic has good adhesive properties, but it is applied to a previously primed surface, since the putty layer is quite thin. The only disadvantage of acrylic mixtures is that the higher price compared to previous products does not allow it to be used over large areas as a starting layer. Most often it is used for finishing.

Latex and acrylate

These types of putty materials are designed for extreme conditions and therefore are used for outdoor work. They are even more moisture-resistant and frost-resistant than conventional acrylic composition. Its durability and ductility have earned recognition from builders and finishers around the world. Latex and acrylate do not crack when dry and do not shrink. High adhesive properties make it possible to further strengthen the protection of building walls and make the bond with the subsequent decorative coating more durable. Latex mixtures come in a variety of colors and therefore do not require additional coloring. The thinnest layer of this composition forms the ideal finishing coating. There are such starting and finishing plasters, but their too high price is their main drawback.

Colored latex putties

How to choose the right putty for the facade

The characteristics of the putty and knowledge of which material is best to apply in certain cases will help you make the right choice.

• When insulating a facade with polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam or polyurethane foam, it is better to use latex and acrylic texture. Use the same types of finishing mixtures when walls have poor permeability, for example, on concrete or metal.
• If you live in cold zones where frost is a frequent visitor, then use a special frost-resistant putty.
• Do not use oil-based products for facade work, but if you do purchase them, remember that you will only have to paint them with oil paint, since other paints will not adhere to drying oil plaster. But if your house is made of wood, then oil-based façade putty is a good choice.
• Try not to use materials from different manufacturers, price categories and types. If you started working with one, try to finish the process of puttying the walls with the same composition. Remember that the materials may not be compatible with each other! It is for this reason that it is better to immediately calculate the quantity of the product and assess your financial capabilities.
• When calculating the amount of material, proceed from the thickness of the layer you need to apply. The thinner the coating, the less putty is consumed.

Dry polymer cement plaster mixture

Main manufacturers and prices

• One of the most recognized manufacturers in the building materials market is Ceresit. Polymer-cement plasters from this manufacturer are distinguished not only by their high quality, but also by their low cost. They are made from a cement-sand mixture with the addition of polymer additives and synthetic fibers for plasticity. These mixtures are characterized by high vapor permeability, fire safety, long shelf life, and cost-effectiveness. In addition, Ceresit putties differ from many in color. These are white mixtures, which is rare among cement compositions.
• Synthetic plasters from this company are produced in finished form and meet the requirements of facade materials. Acrylic, acrylic resin-based, polymer silicate and polymer silicone compounds are used for finishing walls. They are characterized by increased resistance to deformation, moisture resistant and elastic. You can study the properties of acrylic materials from the photo in the table.
• The global manufacturer of building materials, Knauf, has a strong position in the sale of plaster and putty compositions. It produces finishing cement mixtures in dry form, which significantly saves money on facade finishing. A 25 kg package of multi-finish cement mixture costs about 600 rubles.

Characteristics of acrylic putty materials Ceresit

The Prospectors company has proven itself to be excellent in the domestic market. It offers various facade mixtures at low prices with good quality. Weber Vetonit finishing putties have been in demand for many years. This dry polymer product for facade work has a low cost - about 600 rubles.

Multi finish Knauf

Finishing work

Technology for applying starting putty

The simplest and most popular method is beacon plaster.

• We begin to plaster the wall. To do this, take a trowel in your right hand, and in your left hand, throw the mortar onto the wall with a sharp movement. After this, use a trowel or grater to rub the putty mixture over the surface.

Grouting the mixture

The whole process is well shown in the video. Pay attention to the technique of throwing the mortar onto the wall.

Plastering walls on beacons

Finishing putty process

The technology for finishing with finishing putty material is similar to working with a starting solution. After the starting layer has completely dried, apply the finishing layer in the same way: using a trowel, apply the mortar to the wall and rub it in. The only difference is that the thickness of the coating is minimal, and the rubbing must be very thorough, since this process is followed by the application of a decorative coating. You can use several methods of grouting putty: in a circle and in a running manner.

When finishing, it is important not to interrupt the process of processing the wall. Try to calculate the time for finishing entire sections of the facade.

Methods for grouting putty

As you can see, façade putty can be applied with your own hands; all you need is a little patience. By preparing walls for decorative finishing yourself, you significantly save money, which you can spend on higher quality material.

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Construction of a house involves the use of many materials. Before finishing the facades of buildings, it is impossible to do without leveling the walls and filling cracks; putty is used for this. It is often confused with plaster, but these are two different compositions. Putty is a powder or liquid mixture that can smooth out minor surface irregularities and give it an aesthetic appearance. It is applied to surfaces previously treated with a primer. For exterior work, façade putties are used. A distinctive feature of their solutions is their resistance to cracking.

Material compositions and why they are needed

Strength and performance characteristics depend on its formulation. There are several types of this material, but each of them contains common components:

• mineral fillers;
• plasticizers;
• cement or gypsum;
• modifying additives.

The plasticity of the solution, adhesion to the surface being treated, and resistance to external aggressive environments will depend on the type of the latter. Often, adhesives, laundry soap, varnishes, drying oil, chalk and gypsum are added to the putty solution as additives. They are selected depending on the operating conditions of the solution.

The advantage of these materials is:

• resistance to temperature changes;
• affordable price;
• ease of working with them.

• shrinkage;
• Over time, cracks may appear on their surface.

Acrylic

Acrylic putty is used not only for leveling walls, but also for decorating them. It comes in liquid form and can be applied to the walls immediately. It can be used on absolutely any surface. It can be finishing or leveling.

Minuses:

• is not able to eliminate deep cracks in one go;
• grinding its frozen surface must be carried out in a respirator.

Latex

Latex (acrylate) putty is suitable for application to external walls due to its improved moisture and frost-resistant characteristics. Produced in paste form.

Pros:

• easy application;
• plastic;
• high protective characteristics;
• durability.

Oil-adhesive

Oil-adhesive compositions are the oldest solutions used for wall cladding. They protect the surface from external aggressive factors and protect it from loss of performance characteristics. Due to the dense composition, when applying them, a situation may arise with heterogeneity of the layer; pieces of the mortar often fall off the walls. This is explained by the high specific gravity of the mixture compared to other putties.

Plus:

• high protective properties;
• low price.

Minus:

• high weight and density;
• They are more often used to treat floors than walls.

Gypsum thermal and moisture resistant

Putties are used for almost any surface and condition. Their properties depend on the type of polymer additives. For example, polystyrene increases the frost resistance of the composition, and latex helps it resist moisture. It does not shrink, so it does not crack when dry. Available in powder and liquid form, the latter is more expensive.

Pros:

• high technical characteristics;
• wide range of applications;
• durability;
• plasticity, it is easy to treat areas with deep cracks;
• thermal and moisture resistant
• affordable price.

Minus:

• It is better not to use it in its pure form; you need to buy a solution that contains additives.

Silicone

Silicone putties are the most stable and expensive solutions. They are elastic, have high vapor permeability and strength. They have the property of self-cleaning. They are well applied to the surface in a thin layer, maintaining the homogeneity of the mass.

Pros:

• plastic;
• vapor permeability;
• after rain, the surfaces covered with them are cleaned of dust and dirt;
• unlimited variety of colors.

Minuses:

• high price.

Review of the best manufacturers, the cost of their products

It is very difficult to do without this material during construction; it is in great demand, which is why many manufacturers specialize in it. Among them are leading companies.

Knauf

Knauf has high strength properties, is practical to use, and easy to apply. It can be used easily even by a beginner. This company offers a wide range of gypsum varieties with various polymer additives.

Supplied in 25 and 30 kg packages. Their cost varies from 300 to 400 rubles.

Ceresit (Tserasite)

Cerizite putty is used for leveling cement, brick, lime exterior and interior surfaces. It is applied only during warm periods. The entire resulting composition must be consumed within an hour. The maximum layer thickness is 20 mm. It has high strength and frost resistance. Has a long service life. The cost of 25 kg of product is in the range of 700-750 rubles.

Prospectors

Affordable and high-quality material, the application of which does not require special skills or labor costs. Evenly distributed over the surface. It is used to seal serious cracks and chips. It is reliable. Putty weighing 20 kg can be purchased for 200-250 rubles.

Bolars

This is a domestic manufacturer. The range of its compositions and their color range is impressive. The solution is easy to apply, neatly seals uneven areas and is evenly distributed, thanks to which it is used sparingly. The price of 25 kg packaging varies from 300 to 350 rubles.

SCANMIX TT

There is a starting and finishing version of the solution. They have high frost and moisture resistance. Level the walls and cover wide and deep cracks. The minimum layer thickness is 4 cm, the maximum is 20. The material hardens within a day. It has polymer additives and is suitable for any type of surface. It can be purchased for an average of 450 rubles.

Volma

Produced at the Volgograd gypsum plant. Facade putty goes under two names: “Socle” and “Aquaplast”. This is a budget material that is reliable and dries quickly without shrinking. The average cost of 25 kg packaging is 400 rubles.

PROFORM

The putty is supplied in ready-made liquid form. It is easy to apply, strong and durable. Has excellent adhesion and performance properties after drying. Supplied in a plastic bucket with a capacity of 28 kg, its price is 1,400 rubles.

The choice of one type of putty will depend on the material of the building facade and the required properties. Before purchasing, you should evaluate the characteristics of the selected type and reviews about its manufacturer. You should choose proven and reliable companies. The ideal option would be a practical, durable and inexpensive façade putty.