Which inexpensive septic tank to choose for a private home? Choosing a septic tank for a summer residence: which is better, device, characteristics, reviews. The best autonomous septic tanks

Any private home needs a sewer system, but connecting to a central sewer collector is not always possible. Therefore, the only solution is to build or install a septic tank (sewage treatment plant), which decomposes sewage and fecal matter into almost clean water and harmless sludge. In this article we will talk about the operating principles of various treatment plants, give a rating of the most popular and effective models, and also tell you how to determine the best septic tank for your home or cottage. We present our 2017 rating.

The principle of operation of a modern septic tank

All modern septic tanks work on the same principle - bacteria multiply in the primary chamber, which process any organic matter into sludge that settles to the bottom. This process occurs with a minimum amount of oxygen, just like in a swamp, where any organic matter quickly decomposes. Partially purified water enters the second chamber, where the whole process is repeated, but with a larger amount of oxygen. Then the water enters the third chamber, where final purification occurs - the last remnants of organic matter turn into sludge and settle to the bottom, and process water comes out of the chamber, suitable for watering the garden or discharging into the river. Some septic tanks consist of only two chambers, so the degree of wastewater treatment in them is lower.

Sometimes septic tanks are equipped with various devices that increase the cleaning efficiency, for example, aerators that fill the contents of the chamber with air bubbles, due to which the decomposition processes are sharply activated. Also, some septic tanks are equipped with a pump that supplies purified water to the top, so that it is used for watering the garden.

Main characteristics

Here is a list of the main characteristics of septic tanks that must be taken into account when choosing them:

• productivity per day;
• salvo release;
• dimensions;
• price;
• power supply

Productivity shows how much wastewater a septic tank can process per day. Drain refers to any liquid substance that comes out of a home's sewer system, including washing machine drains or bath water. It is generally accepted that a person consumes an average of 200 liters of water per day, so the performance of a septic tank is determined based on the standard and the maximum number of residents. However, in dachas where the water supply is not very good, the consumption is much less, up to 10–15 liters per person.

The term salvo discharge refers to the maximum amount of water that can enter the sewer after some action, for example, draining a bathtub or washing machine. If the actual volley discharge exceeds that provided for by the design of the septic tank, then some of the poorly treated sewage will escape.

Another important parameter is the size, because the septic tank has to be placed underground and the larger it is, the greater the volume of excavation work. The weight of the unit determines how much effort is required for its delivery and installation. Lightweight plastic models can even be carried on the roof rack of a car and loaded/unloaded by two people. Heavy models will require a truck with a crane to be delivered, and installation may require a full crane.

Cost is often a deciding factor, so you often have to choose the best from the worst. Another important characteristic is power supply, because the operating efficiency of volatile units is almost half as high. Non-volatile devices, even those consisting of three chambers, cannot completely remove odor from water, so it must be drained into a drainage pit or drainage fields. In addition, every 15–20 years, the sand or crushed stone from these fields must be completely replaced, because it is all saturated with unpleasant-smelling silt. If you do not change the sand or crushed stone, then within a radius of 20–40 meters from the drainage pit or drainage fields, a faint smell of sewage will be felt.

List of the best 2017 with prices

Since the efficiency of a treatment plant directly depends on its type and partly on the model, we divided all units into volatile and non-volatile. After all, both of them find their buyer and it is incorrect to compare their characteristics. Therefore, the comparison will be only within its class. In addition, not all devices include models with large salvo discharge or high productivity, so all small treatment stations are also placed in a separate class.

Energy dependent

• Tver;
• Leader;
• Topas.

Tver- This is a whole range of devices that differ in size and performance, but are designed the same inside. They consist of six horizontal chambers connected by overflow holes. Several chambers are equipped with plastic brushes that break large organic fragments into small pieces and facilitate their decomposition. The efficiency of water purification is 95–98%; replaceable floats with chlorine reagents are installed in the last chamber, which disinfect the outlet water. The body is made of durable polymers (polypropylene), therefore it is lightweight and extremely durable.

The smallest unit, Tver-0.35, has a capacity of 0.35 cubic meters per day and is capable of withstanding a salvo discharge of 110 liters of water. On the official website of the manufacturer, the cost of a Tver septic tank of this model is 65 thousand rubles. This septic tank is ideal for a summer residence due to its low price and dimensions. The more productive model Tver-0.75NPNM provides a capacity of 0.75 cubic meters per day, and can also withstand a salvo discharge of 225 liters of water. This model is equipped with two pumps, one of which supplies purified water to the discharge point, and the other supplies sewage, so this device can operate even when located above the level of the in-house sewer system. Price of this model 120 thousand rubles and, it is well suited for a small home. The line of Tver treatment stations also includes more powerful devices, the productivity of which reaches 3 cubic meters per day, and the salvo discharge is 1800 liters. The cost of such a powerful unit 350 thousand rubles and, it is well suited for multi-apartment cottages or small dormitories where up to 30 people live.

Leader- This is a family of treatment plants made according to a six-chamber design and differing in size, price and performance. Plastic brushes located in two chambers crush large organic matter, improving its decomposition, and the airlift collects sediment from all chambers and pumps it into the receiver, from where the sludge must be removed every year. The body is made of low-density polyethylene, so it is lightweight and has good strength. Cost of the smallest septic tank Leader (model 0.4) on the official website is 76 thousand rubles. This device provides a capacity of up to 0.5 cubic meters per day and is capable of withstanding a salvo discharge of 400 liters. Therefore, the Leader-0.4 treatment system is well suited for dachas and small houses where no more than two people live. The largest and most productive model Leader-3N costs 200 thousand rubles and provides a capacity of up to 3 cubic meters per day, and a salvo discharge reaches 3 thousand liters of water. By special order, the Leader company can produce more powerful septic tanks of this type.

Topas is a treatment station built according to a four-chamber design. The transition of purified water from one chamber to another occurs not by gravity, but by airlift, so the operation of the entire system depends on electricity. Stopping the power supply blocks the operation of the septic tank, which is a very significant disadvantage that outweighs the very deep treatment of wastewater (almost 98%). Depending on the model, purified water can be discharged either by gravity or using a built-in pump. The smallest model of the Topas-4 septic tank processes up to 0.8 cubic meters of sewage per day and can withstand a burst discharge of 175 liters. The cost of the model is 73 thousand rubles. On the official website of the manufacturer, the price of the most expensive septic tank Topas-150 is 920 thousand rubles. This station purifies up to 24 cubic meters of wastewater per day and can withstand a salvo discharge of 4.5 thousand liters.

Non-volatile

• Tank;

Tank is a family of treatment plants operating on the same principle and arranged in a modular design. – a basic two-chamber unit that provides relatively good sewage treatment. The cleaning efficiency is increased by adding special reagents that improve the functioning of bacteria and increase their number. Connecting several blocks increases the cleaning efficiency, which reaches 75%, but if you use reagents, then even the base unit is capable of cleaning sewage by 75–80%. Tank-1 is capable of processing up to 600 liters per day, and the salvo discharge is 110 liters. The cost of the Tank-1 septic tank on the official website is 28 thousand rubles and it is well suited for a house or cottage where no more than three people live. Septic tank Tank-2 It is built using a three-chamber design, so it cleans wastewater better than the previous model.

However, without the use of reagents, it is not able to compete with energy-dependent devices. Models 2, 2.5 and 3 are made according to the same scheme, therefore they provide a cleaning quality of 80%. The use of reagents raises this parameter to 85–90%. On the official website of the manufacturer, the price for Tank septic tanks of these models is 33–45 thousand rubles. They provide a capacity of 800 to 1200 liters per day, and a salvo discharge is 150–200 liters. The most powerful and efficient model Tank-4, consists of three basic blocks and, even without the use of reagents, provides a filtration efficiency of 85 percent. The productivity of this model is 1.8 cubic meters per day, the salvo discharge is 300 liters, and the cost 59 thousand rubles.

is a small three-chamber device that provides cleaning efficiency of 75–80%. The advantage of cleaning stations of this type is their light weight and affordable price. The productivity of the Triton septic tank depends on the model and is 0.5–15 cubic meters per day, a salvo discharge of 100–1000 liters, and the price on the official website is from 24,5 before 630 thousand rubles. The design of the device allows the installation of drainage pumps, and the use of special reagents increases the cleaning efficiency to 90%.

DKS- These are treatment stations made according to a three-chamber scheme. All movement of sewage masses occurs by gravity, so a DKS septic tank intended for a home or cottage does not require electricity. You can increase cleaning efficiency and reduce the depth required to ensure proper slope by installing sump pumps, which are not included in the package. The smallest model DKS-10 weighs 27 kilograms and processes up to 200 liters per day, with a salvo discharge of 70 liters. Is this model worth it? 22 thousand rubles y.

Due to its light weight and price, the DKS septic tank is well suited for a summer house or a house where one person lives. The model range of DKS treatment stations includes devices of various capacities and prices. The most powerful and expensive septic tank DKS-25 processes up to 750 liters per day and can withstand a salvo discharge of 250 liters, as stated on the company’s official website. The cost of this model 44 thousand rubles. Some DKS septic tanks support direct connection of a drainage pump; it will have to be adapted to other devices in this series, which will require a separate storage tank.

Small septic tanks

• Microbe;

- This is a small-sized device that operates on the principle of a cesspool. Sewage flows into a single chamber, where organic fragments either go to the bottom or remain on the surface, and relatively purified water from the middle part of the chamber goes to the infiltrate, from where it enters the ground. The cost of the Triton Micro septic tank on the official website is 9 thousand rubles, capacity up to 150 liters per day, and salvo discharge no more than 20 liters.

Microbe is a series of primitive treatment devices operating on the principle of a one- or two-chamber septic tank. The most popular model is 450, which is a single-chamber device that provides a minimum level of wastewater treatment. On the official website the price of the Microbe 450 septic tank is 12400 rubles, and the productivity is stated at 150 liters per day. There is no information about the size of the salvo release.

Conclusion

We talked about the operation of cleaning devices and the main parameters that influence their choice. Therefore, now you know that the answer to the question - which septic tank is better for a home or cottage depends on many conditions. It is also impossible to say unequivocally what is better – a volatile or non-volatile septic tank, because most often the choice has to be made based on price. Because not everyone can spend 60 thousand or more on a good energy-dependent unit (even if it does not match the performance), while a very good energy-independent septic tank will cost 20-40 thousand rubles.

One of the most important issues when purchasing a plot, cottage or country house is the availability of communications. And if, as a rule, there are no problems with water or electricity, then central sewerage in the private sector, especially far from the city, is a rarity. And the fastest and most practical solution to this problem is to buy a septic tank.

The two most common types of individual treatment facilities are a non-volatile (autonomous) septic tank and a volatile station. Both types of devices for waste disposal use several stages of purification: mechanical sedimentation of suspended matter, filtration and biological treatment. Autonomous septic tanks use anaerobic bacteria to process waste, which do not require oxygen but act slowly. In energy-dependent devices, biological filtration occurs with the help of more active aerobic microorganisms that require the use of aerators. But the level of purification in such septic tanks reaches 98%.

The choice of the optimal model of cleaning device depends on several factors:

1. Required performance. For one person, a volume of wastewater is usually equal to 150 - 200 liters per day.
2. Availability of electricity supply on site.
3. Plot size. Autonomous septic tanks require a larger area, as they are equipped with additional ground filtration fields.
4. Ground water level. High groundwater level may require the use of additional engineering solutions.
5. Soil composition. For areas with hard rocks, it is better to use horizontal septic tanks, since they require a pit of shallower depth.

Our review contains models of septic tanks with the best technical and operational characteristics. When compiling the rating, the following were taken into account:

• recommendations from civil engineers;
• reviews from users who have installed specific models of treatment devices on their site;
• ratio of price and quality of septic tanks.

Useful video - how to choose the right septic tank

The best budget septic tanks for a summer residence

Septic tanks for installation on a summer cottage are small in size and relatively cheap. As a rule, these are simple standalone models that perform the function of a sump and are connected to an additional filtration system. They have an extremely simple one-piece design, a low level of performance, and are also unpretentious in maintenance.

4 TANK-1

Excellent price/performance ratio
Country Russia
Average price: 19,500 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.6

Tank-1 is the youngest model in the Triton Plastic line of non-volatile septic tanks. Its design is simplified to the extreme: there are only two chambers: coarse primary purification and secondary biological purification. But, nevertheless, this small septic tank, capable of purifying up to 600 liters of wastewater per day, has all the advantages inherent in the company’s more expensive models: it has a horizontal layout and a durable one-piece body with special stiffening ribs, which increases service life and eliminates the penetration of soil water into the internal volume of the structure.

This compact model is ideal for installation in a country house and is designed for use by two to three people. The level of wastewater treatment for this septic tank is 75 - 80%, so it is recommended to use a special infiltrator in which additional treatment takes place. Buyers note the compact dimensions of the septic tank, easy installation and trouble-free operation. However, you will still have to clean the chambers from sediment every few years.

3 Termite Pro 1.2

The most durable container
Country Russia
Average price: 23,500 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.6

This miniature vertical septic tank can serve no more than two people. The degree of wastewater treatment reaches 85%. Thanks to its low weight - only 80 kg, Termit Profi 1.2 is easy to transport and install. This is an excellent option for a small country house or a separate bathhouse. An additional advantage is that the wall thickness of the Termit Pro 1.2 tank reaches 20 mm, and the shape of the body is specially designed for optimal performance under load.

According to user reviews, this septic tank is easy to install and maintain. Experienced summer residents recommend that the container be sprinkled with sand cement to increase the service life of the structure. Among the disadvantages is the impossibility of using this septic tank at high groundwater levels on the site.

2 MICROB 450

Best price
Country Russia
Average price: 12,400 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.8

For a dacha visited by 1-2 people, a guest house or a cabin during the construction of a house, the best option would be the budget septic tank Microbe 450. Its capacity is 150 liters per day, and its weight is only 35 kg. Of course, to install it you will need to make a sand cushion and apply a layer of insulation on top, since its walls are thin. But this septic tank can be installed in areas with any groundwater level - of course, following the manufacturer’s design recommendations.

Buyers especially like the device’s reasonable price and easy installation. Of course, for a country house you will need a septic tank with a higher capacity, but for periodic trips to the country and on a limited budget, Microbe 450 is ideal.

As mentioned above, septic tanks are divided into autonomous and energy-dependent. What are their features, what are their strengths and weaknesses - we learn from the detailed comparison table:

1 Rostok Mini

Stable operation in any conditions
Country Russia
Average price: RUB 24,120.
Rating (2019): 4.9

Inexpensive autonomous septic tank for a small country house. According to user reviews, due to the small volume (1000 liters) and light design (total weight is 65 kilograms), installation does not cause much difficulty. The filtration capacity is 200 liters per day - this is not much, but the septic tank is designed for one or two users. Rostok Mini copes well with the assigned functions; it requires pumping once or twice a year (provided that all connections and the system are in good order). A very good option for equipping a summer house or house, which will not put a big dent in the pockets of potential consumers.

Advantages:

• seamless, durable and lightweight (65 kilograms) plastic body;
• the presence of additional stiffening ribs to add strength to the structure;
• completely blocks unpleasant odors;
• low but stable performance;
• does not require frequent maintenance;
• attractive price.

Flaws:

• for its price category - it does not.

The best volatile septic tanks

Treatment stations whose biological filters are populated with aerobic microorganisms are the most technically advanced version of septic tanks. They output water that is 98% purified - it can be used for irrigation, other technical needs, or discharged directly into the ground. Cleaning the tanks of sludge is necessary once every couple of years, and the organic sediment itself is an excellent fertilizer for plants on the site. Since the wastewater does not require additional ground filtration, the structure takes up minimal space.

The main disadvantage of such systems is the need for electricity. The aerobic system always includes an aerator-compressor, which saturates the liquid with oxygen necessary for the life of bacteria. It is this fact that explains the higher cost of volatile stations - both during purchase and installation, and during operation.

5 ERGOBOX 4

Optimal price-quality ratio
Country Russia
Average price: 60,900 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.7

The body of this treatment station is manufactured using rotational molding technology, which guarantees the absence of seams and uniform thickness of the material. The septic tank uses Japanese compressors and German pumps to ensure uninterrupted operation of the entire system. If there is a loss of power, the station can operate normally for two days, after which it switches to the mode of an autonomous septic tank with an anaerobic filter.

Users note, first of all, the excellent price-quality ratio of this model. With a capacity of 800 liters, it consumes only 1.5 kW per day and provides a volume of water disposal sufficient for the permanent residence of 4 people. You can choose either a gravity-flow version of the installation or an option with forced release of wastewater for areas with high groundwater levels.

4 Tver-0.5P

The best aerator
Country Russia
Average price: 75,000 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.7

The service life of this septic tank declared by the manufacturer is 50 years. This becomes possible due to the fact that special structural plastic is used to cast the housing, and the compressor equipment is made in Japan. The degree of water purification in this line of treatment facilities reaches 98%, which makes it possible to eliminate the need for additional ground filters.

The maximum productivity of the equipment is 500 liters per day, so Tver-0.5P can be recommended for a summer house or country house with permanent residence of 2 - 3 people. Customer reviews are almost the same: the device copes with its functions perfectly, there are no smells or noise, and periodic maintenance is required only once a year. The only drawback is the high price with relatively low performance.

3 Unilos Astra 5

User selection
Country Russia
Average price: 76,000 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.8

One of the most famous septic tank models on the domestic market, which does not have a single visible weak point. If you do not take into account the price level, then the fifth Astra fully meets the requirements of a premium class product (if this is acceptable in this case). The system is based on a very fine filtering effect on incoming wastewater - thanks to aerobic and anaerobic filters, it is possible to achieve almost 100% purification rates. In this way, up to one cubic meter of wastewater is processed per day, which is a normal average value. The drain pipe entry can be arranged at heights from 0.6 to 1.2 meters relative to ground level, which greatly simplifies the installation of the tank.

Advantages:

• high degree of aerobic and anaerobic purification (98%);
• reliable container body;
• good throughput (filtration of up to one cubic meter of wastewater per day).

2 Eco-Grand 15 (Topol)

Better processing ability
Country Russia
Average price: RUB 148,230.
Rating (2019): 4.8

A large, energy-dependent septic tank, ideal for equipping large country houses. Except for the fact that the container weighs 380 kilograms, there are no problems with installation. And in terms of operational indicators, everything is very good: the entire volume of the septic tank is divided into four compartments, two of which are equipped with aerators. After the wastewater enters the receiving chamber (a salvo discharge can reach 450 liters), thanks to aeration, solid fractions begin to decompose.

In a separate compartment under the controls there is a compressor for pumping waste water through the system. By the way, the latter consumes a total of up to 2.8 kilowatts of energy per day - not much, but over a long period of operation a decent amount accumulates.

Advantages:

• active filtration and aeration of incoming wastewater;
• good productivity (1.8-2.0 cubic meters of wastewater per day);
• capacity equal to six cubic meters.

Flaws:

• high price;
• increased energy consumption.

1 TOPAS 8

The most economical model
Country Russia
Average price: RUB 99,875.
Rating (2019): 4.9

One of the most economical energy-dependent septic tanks available to a wide range of consumers. It is not entirely justified to install such a tank in a country house - it would be much better suited to a small country house. Convenience of manual installation (as in stand-alone models) can no longer be ensured here - the entire structure weighs almost 350 kilograms. Thanks to the installed filters, it does not require cleaning, effectively limits unpleasant odors, and also filters up to 1.5 cubic meters of wastewater per day. According to users, the cost of power supply is noticeable, but much less than that of competitors and older models of this series - the septic tank consumes only 1.5 kilowatts per day.

Advantages:

• popularity among users;
• low power consumption;
• highly efficient filtration;
• reliable case;
• ease of operation and low maintenance requirements.

Flaws:

• not detected.

The best autonomous septic tanks

Autonomous septic tanks that do not require connection to the electrical network are the best option for a summer cottage or a country house in a remote area where there are problems with electricity. Their design does not contain moving mechanical parts, so they are simple, reliable and will perform their functions in any case.

Of course, there are also disadvantages - lower productivity, worse level of wastewater clarification. The best models provide no more than 85% purification, and, therefore, the water requires additional filtration. There are several methods - drainage fields, infiltrators, filtration wells - and all of them mean additional monetary costs and reduce the usable area of ​​the site. However, for houses with periodic residence, such structures may be more preferable, since they do not consume electricity and can be easily mothballed if necessary.

3 Uponor Sako

Good quality plastic
A country: Sweden/Finland (made in Russia)
Average price: 67,575 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.7

The Scandinavian concern for the production of serious household equipment has quite successfully entered the Russian market. The domestic branch has launched the production of autonomous Uponor Sako septic tanks, suitable for installation both in a private house and in a summer cottage. In general, the system is not bad: it reliably retains unpleasant odors, filters wastewater without problems (but not perfectly), and also does not impose high maintenance requirements. The problem area, judging by user reviews, is extreme intolerance to the drainage of rain and drainage water into the local treatment system. Why this happens is a matter of heated debate. But the fact that this is an obvious disadvantage is supported by everyone unanimously.

Advantages:

• good standard filtration efficiency;
• high-quality case materials.

Flaws:

• entry into the rain or drainage water treatment system leads to a deterioration in filtering ability.

2 Termite Pro 3.0

Maximum cleaning degree in the classroom
Country Russia
Average price: 49,100 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.7

The productivity of this model, which uses the principle of anaerobic clarification of wastewater, is 1200 liters per day. At the same time, the purification level reaches 85%, which allows minimizing the area of ​​final ground filtration. Such a septic tank with a sufficient supply provides permanent residence for six people. The tank is washed only once a year, and the structure is completely autonomous.

According to user reviews, the septic tank fully complies with the characteristics declared by the manufacturers, is reliable and practical. It is especially convenient to use it for seasonal living: mothballing it for the winter and then putting it into operation again is not a problem. The disadvantages include a rather complicated installation procedure.

1 Triton-ED-3500 Horizontal

Profitable price
Country Russia
Average price: 43,500 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.8

This is a relatively inexpensive option for a purification system for a country house or country house where there are significant problems with the power supply. The model's capacity is 700 liters per day, which meets the needs of 4 - 6 people. At the same time, the septic tank does not require an electrical connection, and sludge can be pumped out once a year. Of course, in order for the water discharged into the ground to be sufficiently purified, it will be necessary to additionally use a drainage field or infiltrator.

Buyers especially like the horizontal layout of the septic tank, which allows you to limit the depth of the pit, as well as its independence from the electrical network. The disadvantages of the device are that it must be placed away from residential premises, since it is not possible to completely get rid of odors. This treatment plant is especially suitable for a country house in which a family of 2-3 people lives, but guests periodically come.

One of the most important issues when arranging a country house or cottage is the availability of communications. As a rule, the least problems arise with water and electricity supply, but the presence of a centralized sewerage system in the private sector is rare. To install an autonomous sewer system, the main thing is to buy a septic tank with suitable parameters.

The article provides an overview of the best septic tank models: both autonomous and energy-dependent. In both cases, the wastewater goes through several stages of purification:

• mechanical sedimentation of solid particles;
• filtration;
• bioremediation.

Energy-independent models use anaerobic microorganisms that do not require an influx of oxygen, but act rather slowly. Biofiltration of waste in energy-dependent models occurs with the help of aerobic bacteria, which are more active and require the use of aerators. However, the level of purification in such septic tanks is close to 100%. When choosing the TOP best models for the rating, the following parameters were taken into account:

• user reviews;
• expert opinion;
• tank capacity;
• daily productivity. For 1 person per day there is a volume of waste water equal to approximately 150-200 liters;
• dimensions of the plot. To install an autonomous septic tank, large areas are needed, since an additional ground filtration field is required;
• availability of electricity;
• ground water level. If it is too high, then some additional engineering solutions may be required;
• type of soil. If the soil is hard, then it is advisable to give preference to a horizontally oriented septic tank, since it will require a shallower pit;
• manufacturing company;
• price category.

How to choose a septic tank for your home and garden

A septic tank is a container made of waterproof durable material. There are designs with simple and complex structure. The first are sealed tanks used to accumulate wastewater. The latter are divided into several sections. Wastewater passing through the system is filtered in several stages:

• process of settling wastewater. The first compartment serves as a sump. Water enters it directly from the sewer. In this compartment, solid particles settle to the bottom;
• filtration using anaerobic microorganisms. Water enters the second compartment by gravity or using a pump. Waste is processed, turning into gas fractions and sludge. In this case, the water becomes clarified;
• final cleaning in the filtration well. Passing through the perforated walls and drainage layer, water is absorbed into the soil.

Compared to a conventional cesspool, a septic tank has the following advantages:

• wastewater is purified in a natural biological way, and soil pollution does not occur;
• long service life;
• insulation of unpleasant odors;
• no need to frequently use the services of vacuum cleaners.

Depending on the orientation of the tank in space, horizontal and vertical septic tanks are distinguished. Horizontal structures are used in areas with high groundwater. The pit will need to be relatively shallow, but such a system will occupy a large area. The vertical tank looks like a barrel equipped with a hatch. The pit will need to be quite deep, but the installation area will be much smaller.

Depending on the placement of the chambers, septic tanks can be surface or underground. The former require a minimum of time and expense for installation. This option is acceptable for small volumes of wastewater. The underground system consists of several chambers and is capable of handling heavy loads. Such septic tanks are used in the construction of autonomous sewers both in country houses and in private houses with permanent residence.

Let's look at the main types of devices.

Cumulative

This option is the simplest. A septic tank is a durable, sealed tank for storing wastewater. After the container is filled, the wastewater is removed using sewage disposal equipment. The waste is then disposed of. The capacity of the storage tank varies between 1-40 m3. Convenient models are equipped with special sensors that indicate filling. Stiffening ribs make the structure more reliable and durable. The scope of application of storage tanks is summer cottages with seasonal residence or small private houses with a small volume of wastewater.

Advantages:

• ease of use and installation;
• environmental safety (the soil is not polluted);
• long service life - from 30 years.

There are also weaknesses:

• the need for periodic cleaning with sewage disposal equipment;
• wastewater is not treated;
• You need to make sure that the wastewater does not freeze inside the storage tank.

With soil filtration

The peculiarity of such a system is that wastewater not only accumulates, but is also filtered. The purified liquid is disposed of in the soil. It is also impossible to do without the services of vacuum cleaners to avoid caking of solid particles. However, the frequency of pumping out sludge is significantly less frequent than for a conventional storage tank (approximately once every 3 years). The degree of purification is 65-85%. The installations are recommended for private houses with regular use of water supply and permanent residence of people.

Advantages:

• energy independence;
• efficiency;
• good cleaning.

• limited scope (septic tanks cannot be used on clay soils and areas with high groundwater);
• complexity of installation;
• high price.

With bio-treatment

This option is for those who care about the cleanliness of the soil and groundwater. It is recommended to install such treatment plants for significant volumes of average daily wastewater (for example, for servicing a large house or cottage). The water purified by the biological station can be used to water plants.

Advantages:

• high (up to 98%) degree of water purification. This makes it possible to reuse wastewater or discharge it into a reservoir without harming the environment;
• sludge accumulation is slow, so you have to contact the sewage disposal service once every 7-8 years;
• wide scope of application. The system can be installed on any soil and to filter any wastewater (bathhouse, toilet, etc.).

Disadvantages - high cost and dependence on electricity supply.

Criterias of choice

Despite the variety of models on the market, there are several basic criteria for choosing the right type of septic tank.

First of all, it is important to correctly calculate the volume of the tank. Insufficient capacity of the septic tank is fraught with malfunctions in the sewerage system, while excess capacity can lead to costs associated with the installation and purchase of the system. The approximate capacity of a tank for a septic tank of 2-3 compartments is:

• 2-3 people - up to 2 m3;
• 4-5 people - 4 m3;
• 6-7 people - 6 m3;

Type of septic tank, number of compartments

The number of septic tank chambers is 2, 3 or 4. Before buying this or that model, you need to carefully study all the performance characteristics and reviews in order to choose the best option.

Type of cleaning

If wastewater is poorly treated, it poses a threat to the environment. Owners may have problems with sanitation services. When choosing, you need to consider the following:

• distance from groundwater to the filter device - from 1.0-2.0 m;
• If the soil does not absorb well, it is advisable to use special biofilters.

Materials for making containers

The most common materials for making septic tanks are metal and plastic.

Metal

Recently, polymer products are replacing metal ones. The reason is that metal, even with a special coating, is susceptible to corrosion. The service life of such a product is no more than 20 years. In addition to corrosion protection, thermal insulation is a must. Metal has high thermal conductivity, so there is a risk of water freezing, even if the tank is located below the freezing level of the soil. All this requires additional time and money. Despite all the shortcomings, metal products have not yet completely lost their position. First of all, because of the low cost and simplicity of design.

Plastic

Products made of polyethylene and polypropylene are much more common. The latter option is more resistant to wear, but costs more. Let's consider the main properties of polymer materials:

• polyethylene (HDPE). Structures made from it are lightweight and relatively cheap. Wastewater tanks are manufactured using rotational molding technology. The result is a seamless, completely sealed structure. However, there is a limitation on the maximum wastewater temperature;
• polypropylene products are more resistant to abrasion compared to PE. The material is resistant to high and low temperatures. Polypropylene septic tanks can be used to filter hot wastewater;
• Fiberglass is considered the most wear-resistant - a material made from polymer resins with the addition of fiberglass. It is resistant to chemically aggressive organic matter, which is why such products are often used for wastewater treatment in industrial enterprises. However, the cost of fiberglass products is the highest (all other things being equal).

All modern models of septic tanks made of plastic are designed to operate for 50 years or more. A common disadvantage of polymer products is the risk of “floating” to the surface. Therefore, issues related to the fixation of the product must be carefully considered.

Choosing a septic tank for a private or country house - video:

The best budget septic tanks for a summer residence

The Dochista septic tank from the Classic line, equipped with a pump, is a container with 3 working zones and a compartment to accommodate the pump. It is advisable to buy this model if the groundwater level is higher than 1 m and you are at the dacha only on weekends. First, the wastewater enters the sump. Here solid fractions settle to the bottom. After primary clarification, the water enters the second compartment, where it is exposed to anaerobic microorganisms. The wastewater is thus purified up to 65%. Further purification occurs in the ground. The output degree of water purification is 98%.

Advantages:

• attractive price;
• no need for constant maintenance;
• long (up to 100 years) working life;
• radial shape. The system is not only durable, but also successfully resists being pushed out of the ground;
• body made using rotational molding technology. The reservoir turned out to be completely seamless. The risk of leaks and breakdowns is close to zero;
• low power consumption. No more than 28 kW comes out per month.

When assembling the structure, a Japanese-made processor is used. The official warranty period from the manufacturer is 3 years. The septic tank has no obvious disadvantages.

Budget autonomous septic tank for a summer house or a small private house. Tank capacity (total 1 m3), weight 65 kg. Due to the lightweight nature of the system, it is very easy to install. Daily productivity does not exceed 200 liters, so the system is designed for no more than 2 users. The septic tank does its job perfectly. Pumping is required once every 6-12 months, provided that all connections are in good working order. The price is quite reasonable.

Advantages:

• lightweight, completely sealed plastic housing;
• strength (the structure is reinforced with stiffeners);
• complete isolation of unpleasant odors;
• small but stable performance;
• no need for frequent maintenance;
• low cost.

Cons: given the low price, there are simply none.

A vertical mini-septic tank is designed for no more than 2 people. The level of wastewater treatment is approximately 85%. The design is lightweight (80 kg), easily transported and installed. This septic tank is perfect for a country house or a separate bathhouse. The body configuration is designed so that the septic tank can withstand significant loads. The wall thickness is 20 mm. During installation, experts recommend sprinkling the tank with sand cement. This measure helps to increase the service life of the container. The only drawback is the inability to use a septic tank in areas with high groundwater levels.

The purpose of a septic tank is to purify domestic wastewater from a dacha, private house, cafe, etc. in the absence of a centralized sewerage system. At the same time, soil purification is mandatory. The tank is divided into 3 compartments. In the first of them, insoluble fractions settle to the bottom, and the fat floats to the surface, forming a film on the surface. Primary water purification with anaerobic bacteria is also carried out here. In the second and third compartments, more subtle cleaning and clarification of wastewater is carried out. Next, the water flows to the filtration well, filtration field or trench.

System maintenance is as follows:

• removal of sediment from the chambers of the septic tank using special sewage disposal equipment - once a year;
• checking the serviceability of the pump;
• Drainage replacement - once every 10 years.

Advantages:

• high level of system strength and reliability;
• ease of installation due to ergonomics and small size of the structure;
• environmental cleanliness;
• working life 40-50 years.

No deficiencies found.

Septic tanks of the Optimum line are used for autonomous sewerage in areas with low groundwater levels. This model with ground treatment is intended for servicing a house with a constant number of residents of 1-2 people. The daily productivity of the device is 250 m 3, the tank capacity is 750 l. Purified water is discharged by gravity. The tank weighs only 27 kg, so installation will not be difficult.

Advantages:

• low price;
• ease of transportation and installation of the container;
• small weight;
• reliability;
• safety;
• ease of maintenance (it is enough to clean the septic tank once a year, preventing it from silting);
• long service life - about 40 years.

This budget model is the best solution when the plot and house are small, the owners come to the dacha for a short time and there is no point in purchasing something expensive and large-scale. All DKS products are manufactured in accordance with international standards, which is confirmed by certification documentation.

There are also a number of disadvantages:

• availability of requirements for the installation location;
• installation cannot be called complicated, but it requires care and adherence to instructions;
• thin tank walls. If the soil is prone to movement, the body may be crushed;
• impossibility of increasing the tank capacity.

The best autonomous septic tanks

This system uses an anaerobic wastewater clarification technique. The daily productivity is 1.2 m3. Degree of purification - 85%. This makes it possible to minimize the area for final ground filtration. This septic tank is enough to service a house in which 6 people permanently live. The tank is washed out of sediment once a year.

According to reviews from most owners, the septic tank has a number of advantages:

• full compliance with performance characteristics;
• practicality;
• reliability;
• Possibility of both year-round and seasonal use. In the latter case, the septic tank is preserved for the winter and then put into operation again.

Cons: difficult to install.

Septic tanks of the Triton ED brand are autonomous 2-chamber structures. The wastewater is treated in the reservoir and then discharged into the ground, infiltrator or drainage well. The septic tank is made of polyethylene and has a cast structure. The material is resistant to mechanical stress, corrosion, and low temperatures; the system can be operated even in 30-degree frost. The service life declared by the manufacturing company is 50 years. This model is suitable for a small private house; less capacious tanks from this line are used when arranging storm drains or as a temporary option for the period of construction work.

The system produces biological wastewater treatment. In the first chamber, wastewater is separated into light and heavy fractions. In the second chamber, the water is finally purified and then discharged to an absorbent platform. To increase the cleaning efficiency, it is recommended to additionally equip the septic tank with an infiltrator. Solid fractions are pumped out once a year to prevent compaction. For critical filling cases, the container is equipped with an overflow pipe.

Advantages:

• low cost;
• complete tightness;
• resistance to aggressive environments.

Minus: insufficiently high efficiency of wastewater treatment.

Uponor Sako - completely autonomous gravity and biological wastewater treatment systems. Various modifications of the Uponor are divided into 2, 3 or 4 sections. The overflow between the compartments is made in the center. In the first chamber, solid particles, both large and fine, are settled. Fatty compounds float on the surface of the water, forming a film. Most organic matter is utilized by bacteria. Removal of insoluble fractions is carried out using the sewage method. Water passes through the tank compartments, the distribution well and perforated pipes, then through the backfill into the ground.

The material used to make the tank is high-strength plastic. Anchors fastened in pairs with a cable are used as weighting agents. Reliable fixation of the structure allows it to withstand even a significant rise in groundwater levels. In addition to the tank, the kit includes:

• distribution well;
• manhole covers;
• plugs;
• filtration materials.

Depending on the capacity, the following types of Uponor septic tanks are distinguished:

• 1500 l - a system designed to purify water after washing dishes, washing or washing clothes. This septic tank cannot be used for fecal waste;
• 2000 l - can be used for wastewater treatment for permanent or seasonal residence in a family home of 5-6 people;
• 3000 l - septic tank for wastewater treatment in a house with up to 8 people living;
• 4000 l - Ononor Sako water treatment system with increased productivity. Can be used to treat sewage water from 2 houses.

Advantages of the Uponor system:

• spherical shape. This makes the tank more resistant to soil and water pressure;
• good cleaning quality;
• high-strength manufacturing materials;
• long service life.

• high price;
• the need for insulation of individual models;
• high energy intensity;
• expensive maintenance.

A worthy representative of the line of non-volatile septic tanks from Triton Plastic. The main distinguishing feature of the design is its extreme simplicity. The septic tank has only 2 chambers. In the first, rough primary wastewater treatment is carried out. The second compartment is intended for biological treatment. At the same time, the daily cleaning volume is up to 600 liters. The model has all the advantages typical of more expensive equipment. The reservoir is horizontal. For greater strength, it has stiffening ribs. The one-piece construction ensures complete tightness and reduces the risk of groundwater penetration inside to zero.

Compact dimensions allow you to use a septic tank in the country. It is designed for 2-3 people. The degree of purification is 75-80%. For this reason, experts recommend using the device together with a special infiltrator for finer purification.

Advantages:

• compactness;
• ease of installation;
• reliability in operation;
• frequency of maintenance (cleaning of sediment) - once every few years.

No obvious disadvantages were found.

The Ecopan brand septic tank is designed specifically for use on problem soils. The unique 2-layer design with numerous internal partitions is characterized by increased strength. The tank is divided into 6 sections, in which solid particles settle and water is clarified aerobically. Removal of wastewater from the last section is carried out using a pump or by gravity. The resulting water can be used to water crops. The septic tank material is resistant to corrosion. The working life of the structure exceeds 50 years.

• effective cleaning in several stages;
• long service life;
• Possibility of use on problematic soils.

Cons: difficult to install.

The best volatile septic tanks

Economical energy-dependent septic tank from Russian manufacturers. According to the owners, this is an ideal device for a small country house. For a dacha, this option is not the best due to the complexity of installation. The structure weighs almost 350 kg. The septic tank is equipped with special filters, thanks to which it does not need to be cleaned. It perfectly eliminates unpleasant “odors”, and the daily filtration volume is up to 1.5 m3. Energy consumption for the period of the same name is about 1.5 kW. This is quite noticeable, but less than that of competing models.

Advantages:

• low energy consumption when compared with analogues;
• high filtration efficiency;
• ease of operation and maintenance;
• durable, reliable body.

No cons found.

One of the most popular modifications presented on the domestic market, completely devoid of any weak points. As water passes through the system, it undergoes fine filtration. The influence of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms allows achieving almost one hundred percent purification. The volume of wastewater processed in 1 day is about 1 m3. The drain inlet can be placed at a distance of 60-120 cm from ground level. This approach greatly simplifies the installation of the tank.

Advantages:

• high cleaning efficiency;
• durable body;
• high productivity - up to a cubic meter per day.

Spacious, energy-dependent design, ideal for a large private home. The weight of the structure is 380 kg, but this is the only difficulty that arises with its installation. The septic tank is divided into 4 compartments, 2 of which are equipped with aerators. After the wastewater enters the receiving chamber (the volume of a single injection is up to 450 l), the solid waste decomposes under the influence of aeration.

A separate compartment is reserved for control elements. A compressor is located here, designed to pump wastewater through the system. Energy consumption per day is about 2.8 kW. This may not be much, but over a long period of time it adds up to quite a significant amount.

Advantages:

• effective wastewater filtration;
• active process of wastewater aeration;
• high productivity (1.8-2.0 m 3 of wastewater per day);
• tank capacity - 6 m3.

• high energy consumption;
• high price.

A treatment station, the body of which is made using rotational molding technology. The result is a sealed, seamless tank with uniform wall thickness. The septic tank is equipped with German pumps and Japanese-made compressors, which ensures stable operation of the system. When the power supply is turned off, the structure continues to operate normally for 48 hours. After this, it switches to the mode of an autonomous septic tank equipped with an anaerobic filter.

According to users, the main advantage of this modification is the optimal combination of reasonable cost and good quality. The daily capacity of the system is 800 liters, and the energy consumption for this period is 1.5 kW. This is enough to provide constant drainage for a family of 4 people. A gravity-flow version or installation with forced discharge of drainage is possible. The latter option is used for areas with high groundwater levels.

In order to achieve the best wastewater treatment, it is logical to combine biofilters with aeration. This is exactly the approach used in the development of Tver brand septic tanks. From the primary settling tank, the liquid flows to the anaerobic filter-bioreactor. Next, the wastewater is sent to the aerator. The last stage of cleaning, after the aerator, is an aerobic reactor. The effluent is lifted from the tertiary settling tank by means of an airlift.

Filters require maintenance no more than once a year. Access to them is extremely simple: just open the rectangular lid to open all the compartments at once. The energy consumption of the aerator compressor is quite small (only 38 W). The device is durable and very well built. The official warranty period from the manufacturer is 12 months.

The system is not without a rather serious drawback - low productivity (only 500 liters per day). If we take 200 liters of water consumption per person as a basis, then the system’s performance will be enough, as in the famous Soviet cartoon, for “2.5 diggers”). Of course, in reality, a septic tank will serve a small family without any problems, but the capacity of a biological or aeration device will be greater for the same money. This is considering that the system does not have a drain pump. If you equip a septic tank with it, the design will cost even more.

Advantages:

• excellent cleaning quality (up to 98%). This allows you to save on ground filters;
• good aerator compressor;
• long working life. The service life declared by the manufacturer is 50 years;
• good quality materials and equipment. The body is solid cast, made of high-strength polymer, and the compressor is made in Japan.

Among the disadvantages, buyers indicate the following: the need for annual maintenance and the relatively high cost.

Living outside the city has many advantages. Silence, the absence of neighbors behind the wall, clean air - who among the residents of megacities does not dream of this? But for a country house to be comfortable, it is necessary to have basic utilities in the house. And if in most villages it is possible to connect houses to the electrical network, then centralized sewerage systems are most often absent. Therefore, summer residents have to build a local sewer system and, therefore, decide how to choose a septic tank for their summer house.

What should the local sewage system be like at a summer cottage? Of course, reliable, efficient, not requiring constant monitoring and at the same time inexpensive. But before you decide which septic tank to buy for your dacha, you need to evaluate the operating conditions of the installation, since a septic tank model that is ideal for one dacha may not be suitable for another.

After all, some country houses are used as permanent housing, so they need to be equipped with productive installations. And if the dacha is a place that is used for periodic recreation on weekends and holidays, you can choose simpler and cheaper sewerage options.

Determining productivity and volume

Before choosing a treatment plant for your dacha, you need to decide on the water consumption in the house, since the most important characteristic - the productivity of the installation and its volume - depends on this. How to determine water consumption in a house? This indicator depends on two factors:

• Number of people using water (number of household members and guests, if they regularly visit the house);
• Equipping the house with plumbing. If the house has a standard (as in an ordinary city apartment) set of plumbing fixtures, then according to accepted standards the daily fluid consumption per person is 200 liters. If the house, for example, does not have a bathtub, but only a shower, then the water consumption will be less, and when the dacha is equipped with a swimming pool connected to the general sewer system, then, on the contrary, the amount will increase.

So, to calculate the performance of a septic tank, you need to determine the daily water consumption. For example, if 4 people live in a house, then the consumption and, therefore, the daily productivity should be equal to 800 liters.

But the volume of the septic tank chambers must be such that it can accommodate the volume of wastewater that accumulates over three days. That is, in our example, a family of four needs a volume of 2.5 cubic meters (3 * 800 = 2400 liters, rounded up, we get 2500 liters or 2.5 cubic meters).

Advice! When choosing the performance of a septic tank, you need to take into account not only the number of permanent residents, but also the number of guests who visit the house on a regular basis. And since a septic tank is purchased for more than a dozen years, it is worth considering the possibility of increasing the size of the family.

Deciding on the type of treatment plant

Having selected the optimal volume, you need to decide which type of septic tank will be best for the given conditions. When comparing septic tanks for summer cottages, we can distinguish three main types that differ in their operating principle.

Cumulative type

When planning to choose a simple septic tank for your dacha, you should opt for a storage tank. This is an ordinary sealed tank in which wastewater flowing through a pipeline from the house is accumulated. As wastewater accumulates, it will need to be pumped out using sewage disposal equipment. Advantages of this option:

• Cheap installation;
• Simplicity of the device;
• Environmental Safety.

Flaws:

• The need for regular cleaning. Moreover, the greater the number of drains, the more often the septic tank will have to be cleaned;
• Unpleasant odor spreading throughout the area during pumping.

This version of a septic tank is perfect for dachas that are not used for permanent residence, that is, with a small volume of wastewater. In this case, with a large volume of septic tank capacity, it will have to be cleaned 1-3 times during the summer, that is, maintenance costs will not be too high.

Anaerobic with aeration fields

When choosing the best septic tank for their dacha, most owners choose this option. Such septic tanks not only collect wastewater, but also clean it, so they will have to be cleaned much less frequently than storage tanks. Even if you live in the house full-time, cleaning will need to be done approximately once a year.

And at the same time, anaerobic septic tanks are relatively inexpensive, despite the fact that they are capable of providing a high degree of wastewater treatment. The advantages of this option:

• Reliability and simplicity of the device;
• Environmental Safety;
• Relatively low cost;
• Full autonomy, septic tanks do not require connection to power.

Advice! Anaerobic septic tanks can be purchased as a ready-made installation or you can build the chambers yourself. The latter option is certainly cheaper, but its implementation will require a lot of time and labor.

The disadvantages of anaerobic septic tanks include the need to build aeration fields. Aeration fields need to be changed approximately once every 10 years, since the filter layers become silted and cease to perform their functions, which requires additional labor and money.

In addition, it is extremely difficult to equip filtration fields if the soil on the site is clayey and does not drain water well. Or the soil waters are located very high, which does not allow additional moisture to be absorbed into the soil.

Normally operating anaerobic septic tanks do not spread an unpleasant odor throughout the area. The appearance of a smell is a signal of a system malfunction. This is possible when the filtration fields become clogged and the number of bacteria decreases.

Advice! Ready-made septic tanks are often sold complete with devices for soil treatment equipment - infiltrators. Installation of such devices is not too labor-intensive, which generally reduces labor costs for sewer system equipment.

To correct the situation, the following measures are taken:

• Cleaning the chambers using sewage disposal equipment;
• The use of special biological additives that will restore the number of bacterial colonies;
• Replacing filter fields.

Aerobic type

When reviewing septic tanks for summer cottages, it is impossible not to mention modern installations - septic tanks with aerobic wastewater treatment. These are compact stations that use biological processing of wastewater using aerobic, that is, bacteria that exist in an oxygen-saturated environment.

Such purification allows you to quickly and effectively remove impurities, as a result, the outlet water is 98-100% purified, that is, these installations do not require the construction of filtration fields. The advantages of this option:

• The units are compact, operate without odor and noise;
• High degree of wastewater treatment, allowing water to be discharged from the septic tank without additional purification;
• Stations can be installed under any geological conditions on the site;
• There is no need to call vacuum cleaners to clean the stations. You can remove the sludge that accumulates in the sludge receptacle yourself.

The disadvantages of using biological treatment stations include:

• Energy dependence. The stations are equipped with compressors, aerators and other devices that require connection to electrical networks;
• High price. Biological treatment stations are quite expensive, so they are rarely installed in dachas.

However, if you plan to build a large house for permanent residence, then with a large volume of wastewater, the choice of a biorefinery installation will be justified.

Deciding on the body material

When purchasing a ready-made wastewater treatment plant, the consumer does not have much choice. Most models have a plastic body, since modern polymer materials have excellent technical and performance characteristics. Advantages of plastic septic tanks:

• Reliability and long service life. Despite constant contact with sewage, the plastic does not break down. Therefore, the polymer body of the septic tank can last 50 years or more without requiring replacement;
• Elasticity. The walls of the septic tank body are quite elastic, so they can easily withstand the loads created by the soil;
• Light weight. This circumstance significantly facilitates installation and, in some cases, allows you to do without the use of lifting equipment.

However, the light weight of the septic tank is also its disadvantage, since under the influence of soil waters filling the pit, the light body of the septic tank can simply float to the surface, destroying the entire sewerage system.

To prevent the occurrence of such an emergency, plastic septic tanks are installed on a slab made of reinforced concrete and secured to it using belts made of synthetic materials. When planning to build a septic tank on their own, summer residents usually use:

• Reinforced concrete well rings;
• Plastic Eurocubes;
• Plastic barrels and other suitable materials.

When building a local sewer system, almost every homeowner is concerned with the question of how to choose a septic tank for their dacha - which one is better to buy from the proposed installations? Or is it better to build the cameras yourself? It is almost impossible to give a definite answer suitable for everyone. Since the choice of installation should be made taking into account local operating conditions: water consumption, frequency of use of the house, geological conditions on the site.

rating of septic tanks for a country house 2018 (TOP -10)

And now the moment has come when the terrain of the site has been planned, the dream house is built from reliable material, there are only a couple of points left to be completed related to convenience and nature... A private country house/dacha for temporary or (all-season) permanent residence - without a connection to the central sewerage system requires proper and competent solution to this issue. Namely, the choice of an autonomous sewerage system or septic tank, which will purify wastewater and preserve the environment. Therefore, the only solution is to install a septic tank, which decomposes sewage and fecal matter into almost clean water and harmless sludge. Is it better to choose a waste tank or a septic tank for a country house? But which is the best septic tank or waste tank? Which is right for me for temporary or (all-season) permanent residence? What does the rating of volatile or non-volatile septic tanks look like? This is probably one of the most difficult issues when building a house. We strive to always get the best in our lives, as this guarantees us peace of mind and reliability. Everyone asked this question when building their dream home, choosing a plot or materials, which of those offered on the market is the most reliable and of the highest quality. I would like to compare to understand the rating. Choose the best septic tank for yourself. Understand which high-quality septic tank has a great guarantee.

History of the septic tank

Long gone are the days when everyone in a private home had a “birdhouse” on the street. The modern standard of comfortable life, even in a country house, presupposes the presence of a normal toilet and, at a minimum, a shower. And in a house there is often more than one bathroom, and in addition there are many household appliances. To ensure the required level of comfort, sewerage for a private home must be done correctly and its basis is the choice of method for processing wastewater. Since the correct selection and subsequent disposal of wastewater will ensure a comfortable stay on the site.

Article about the best /

What will we get from this article? — MAXIMUM for choosing a septic tank/septic tank. We will also pay attention to definitions, operating principles of various treatment plants, and the most popular and effective models. Let's determine how to choose the best septic tank for your home or cottage. And what characteristics need to be taken into account when choosing the best septic tank or VOC for a country house. It is important not to make a mistake in choosing the best sewerage solution for yourself.

Variations of the best septic tank or in 2018

Today is already 2018 and in our modern world there is a lot of competition and it is very difficult for any consumer to make the right choice in favor of reliability, quality and peace of mind. Plunging completely into this very interesting topic, you understand how many there are, variations, materials, pros and cons. Septic tanks, VOCs and storage tanks - will we fully define which is which? Since many people confuse the name septic tank with autonomous sewerage system.

For temporary residence

For permanent residence

DESCRIPTION: Storage tank, or .

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the general definition of what systems there are and what they are intended for. Below is a block of information to understand the principle and operation of wastewater treatment and storage systems. Therefore, the best septic tank for your home and dacha will be your own. We will start with the simplest thing - definitions and explanations of what is what.

A storage tank is a reservoir, from the word (French réserve from the Latin reservare - to preserve), intended for the accumulation of household wastewater from the sewer. The main purpose is the accumulation and storage of sewage, household waste, etc. The purpose of the storage tank, in the case of wastewater collection, is to exclude direct emissions into the environment (ditch, soil, water). This technological solution allows you to preserve the ecological environment on your and neighboring sites. The storage tank does not process or purify wastewater from the sewer system.

• The wastewater comes into a storage tank, from where it is periodically pumped out by a sewage disposal machine.

A septic tank is a complex structure consisting of a reservoir and a system of perforated drainage pipes, designed for treating household wastewater from sewers. As mentioned earlier, this structure consists of two parts:

• The first part of the septic tank is a reservoir, or receiving chamber, into which wastewater from the house flows.
• The second part of the septic tank is a structure (field filtration or soil treatment) made of perforated pipes laid on a layer of crushed stone.

The first part of the septic tank, or the receiving chamber, can be made of a variety of materials, but we will talk about this in the next article. He will also tell you about all the pros and cons of these solutions with a septic tank.

VOC is a local treatment facility designed for mechanical and biological treatment of household wastewater from sewers. This structure is a multi-chamber closed system in which all steps and cycles of wastewater treatment occur. The entire range of measures in the VOC allows for complete and reliable purification with a degree of 98%, which allows the treated wastewater from the VOC to be reused. It can be washed, used for watering plants, washing a car, or simply thrown into a ditch, storage tank or absorption well. True, it meets these criteria only after the installation reaches operating mode (when the colony of bacteria has multiplied in sufficient quantities). This may take up to 2-3 weeks.

Since everyone has different situations and conditions on the site, first you need to know the following:

• GWL—groundwater level. The GWL is the first underground aquifer from the surface of the earth. It lies above the first water-resistant layer, which does not allow water to pass through and does not allow it to seep deeper). But it is also worth considering that ground water level is a constant phenomenon. First of all, it depends on the time of year. For example, in the spring the snow melts, during which the groundwater level increases, while in the winter it decreases.
• Availability of water protection facilities/zones - a limited regime for carrying out any activity is established on them. Which are aimed at preventing pollution and clogging.
• The area for a septic tank/wastewater is the size of the area that you are willing to give up for organizing wastewater treatment.

IMPORTANT: Bacteria for cleaning wastewater in and

Why are they and why are we writing about them? Bacteria - bacteria are everywhere, but even here you can’t do without them. Let's look in detail at what and how bacteria are formed in a septic tank or VOC for (all-season) permanent residence. It is important to understand not only the external structure, but also the internal processes. Proper operation and conditions for bacteria will ensure reliable operation of the VOC and septic tank for permanent residence. They play the most important role in the purification stages. Let's get to know them better...

Anaerobic bacteria for and

The waste enters the septic tank, where a reaction of decomposition and the formation of bacteria occurs. They form and require a minimum concentration of air or an oxygen-free environment. It is recommended to choose septic tanks that are sealed and durable. It is advisable to look at the warranty and production method. The cleaning process using these bacteria is quite slow. It is also called anaerobic treatment or simply wastewater clarification.

As a result, after anaerobic treatment, wastewater is not allowed to be discharged into the ground or ditch, since it is not sufficiently purified and is not process water. To dispose of it, a storage tank is used, and in case of additional cleaning, aeration fields are used/arranged.

Aerobic bacteria for

They are formed in the aeration tank chamber. This is a special tank or structure located after the preliminary settling tank in which anaerobic bacteria are formed. Pre-treated wastewater with activated sludge flows or is pumped into the aeration tank chamber, where deep biological treatment occurs. This process occurs due to the forced saturation of wastewater with oxygen. For the life and reproduction of aerobic bacteria, a favorable environment is needed - oxygen-enriched water. This process consists of separating natural waste into its components. This type of bacteria is the most effective because it quickly affects biological substances.

• For normal functioning, activated sludge organisms require small amounts of dissolved oxygen. The critical concentration is considered to be 0.2 mg/dm³, and 0.5 mg/dm³ of dissolved oxygen is considered quite satisfactory.
• The maximum percentage of purification for anaerobic bacteria is 60%.
• The maximum percentage of purification with aerobic bacteria is 98%.

OPERATING PRINCIPLE or how it works: , or .

Since the process and principle of operation of the storage tank is already clear, let's take a closer look at how processes and work occur in a septic tank and/or. The wastewater flows through a pipeline or sewer into a septic tank or. The operating principles of all cleaning systems consist of several stages. The partial stage cannot provide the required quality of treatment and is not recommended by law and regulations for disposal into the ground. First of all, let's look at the information about the septic tank...

The septic tank is a “beta” version of a local treatment plant. To begin with, how does the cleaning process take place in a septic tank?

• After the wastewater enters the septic tank (reservoir), primary settling occurs with a minimum amount of oxygen. This stage is necessary to carry out preliminary wastewater treatment. First of all, sedimentation, fermentation and proliferation of anaerobic bacteria occur. As a result of the first stage, heavy fractions settle to the bottom, fat floats up and the effluent is clarified. After preliminary settling and all biological processes, the degree of purification is 60%.
• After the first stage, the degree of purification is not sufficient to allow wastewater to be safely discharged into the ground. It is not technical and does not comply with standards and regulations. The water needs additional purification; for this purpose it is necessary to release the settled wastewater to soil additional treatment (field filtration). At this stage, wastewater has the opportunity to form aerobic bacteria, passing through the soil and being cleaned of possible impurities. This event provides cleaning with a degree of 90%.

These cycles consist of several cleaning stages, which is why the container consists of several parts/compartments. Sewage effluent ends up in VOCs, which are mainly composed of 3 parts.

• The first compartment or preliminary settling tank. It uses a mechanical/anaerobic cleaning method. Bacteria arise as a result of sedimentation and fermentation of wastewater in a septic tank and autonomous sewer system. The same is true for the first stage in a septic tank. The flow of wastewater into the second compartment occurs through an airlift system or by gravity.
• Second compartment or aeration tank. It uses a biological/aerobic cleaning method. Aerobic bacteria arise and continue their vital activity as a result of the forced saturation of wastewater with oxygen, resulting in the biological decomposition of organic matter. Pumps or compressors are used to produce beneficial microorganisms. The flow of wastewater into the third compartment occurs through an airlift system or by gravity.
• The third compartment or secondary settling tank. Here the last stage of purification occurs - the remaining organic matter turns into sludge and settles to the bottom. Process water comes out of the secondary chamber with a degree of purification of 98%. This water is suitable for watering the garden or discharging into the river. Some septic tanks consist of only two chambers, so the degree of wastewater treatment in them is lower.

• Septic tank - purification degree 90%
• VOC - purity 98%

TO WHOM WHAT? how to choose OR OR

Let's take a closer look at the technical features and intended use for consumers. Most likely, after reading this block you will understand exactly what you need for temporary residence and what for (all-season) permanent residence. And the most important thing is that you will choose the best septic tank for your dacha and home, and maybe even a VOC.

Storage capacity

A storage tank is an ideal option for a small country house inhabited by 2-3 people, and not in all cases, since they do not recycle wastewater. First of all, this option is suitable for those who plan to live in a house or cottage seasonally: 2-3 months a year (summer). This option is the simplest of all sewerage drainage solutions. Considering the direct purpose of the storage tank, you need to select the most optimal tank volume.

Service

There is only one service for storage tanks and it is quite simple. To carry it out, you need to call a sewage treatment machine and pump out the wastewater from the storage tank when it is completely filled.

First of all, a septic tank for a home with field filtration is used on well-permeable soil. It does not require electricity and is popular for temporary and seasonal residence. If everything is properly organized and taken into account, it is an ideal option for country houses (all-season) permanent residence. Of course, if it is possible to organize and install a septic tank with soil treatment (filtration field) taking into account laws and regulations. And also the low groundwater level is the main factor in the choice of existing options for the disposal of treated wastewater. Minimum groundwater level (min. 1.5 m from drainage pipes).

Filter field

The main visual differences between a storage tank and a septic tank are the additional construction of the second stage of cleaning.
The filtration field is an underground system of drainpipes located on a layer of gravel on which wastewater is treated. The receiver of treated wastewater is the soil. In case of high groundwater levels, a pumping station should be installed and the entire treatment structure should be placed higher and installed in the embankment.

At the moment it is an ideal, practical and correct solution for a home, cottage or cottage for permanent and temporary residence. First of all, installing a deep biological treatment station requires quite a bit of space compared to a septic tank or storage tank. All biological treatment processes take place in one tank; there is no need to organize filtration fields or other technical solutions. All you need to do is discharge the treated wastewater into the ground, ditch or water body.

Degree of purification

VOC is a modern wastewater treatment facility with a high degree of purification of 98%. Thanks to all the processes and new technologies, MBBR can be used and is suitable for any area - size and conditions. It is clear that there are situations when it is impossible to organize the release of treated wastewater. Then the filter fields in the bulk are applied. But these are unique cases that make it possible to organize the absorption of treated wastewater into the soil.

Facilities

Manufacturers immediately indicate the number of users in order to perfectly select the los for your needs. But it is necessary to correctly understand the processes inside the station, since some deep biological treatment stations require a constant supply of wastewater. Therefore, everything in the Delfin VOC is implemented by gravity.

For permanent or temporary residence - DIFFERENCES: , or .

All systems are designed to treat wastewater after a home or cottage, but it is necessary to understand not only the positive side, but also the negative, in order to make the right decision. Below is a table that contains reviews, facts and technical features of using this or that cleaning system. A septic tank for permanent residence, according to its parameters, must fully cope with the expected volumes of runoff, so when purchasing, you must take into account how many people will live in the household. It is also worth noting that for temporary accommodation it is worth paying attention to inexpensive stations that require minimal financial expenses. When it comes to a septic tank for permanent use, we recommend taking a deep cleaning station.

RATING: Description of top IMPORTED (Finnish, Polish) and domestic Russian / for permanent residence

This article will provide a general comparison of existing autonomous sewers/VOCs in the Russian Federation. We will try to highlight the most popular autonomous sewers produced in Russia or Europe. Despite the fact that there are many different septic tanks on the market currently, not all of them are of high quality and reliable. When choosing, you also need to take into account not only the characteristics, but also the manufacturer. When comparing home septic tanks with each other, it is impossible to say definitely which one is the best, since each type has its own advantages and disadvantages. But in general you can...

Since there are currently many types of septic tanks on the construction market, which differ not only in types, technical characteristics, but also in prices, it is quite difficult to choose them. Therefore, it is worth clearly analyzing all the nuances and choosing it according to technical characteristics, quality of the cleaning device and parameters, as well as depending on its manufacturer.

Delfin

Since 1993, one of the most popular European manufacturers of professional equipment for the treatment of any wastewater. Joint production with the largest company in Europe for the production of local treatment facilities - SEBICO.

TOPOL ECO

Topas is one of the most recognizable stations in Russia. Production c. It has been produced for a long time and has its own history. Topas is a sealed system for biological treatment of wastewater from the sewer system.

Alta Bio

The Russian manufacturer offers an integrated approach to water treatment. For more than 10 years, it has occupied a leading position in the market.

Tver

The stations are produced relatively recently compared to everyone else. But they have good reviews and design features from their analogues.

UPONOR

Finnish septic tanks and autonomous sewers. Known for their quality and competent design. Like all European septic tanks, they are made to be minimally included in the service of their customers.

UNILOS ASTRA

SBM-Group is the largest Russian manufacturer of UNILOS ® autonomous sewage systems for various types of facilities.

EUROBION

In 2005, the National Ecological Project group of companies was created. Production in Russia of VOCs under the EUROBION and YUBAS trademarks.

TANK

Appearance of VOC and Septic tank

Appearance can sometimes tell a lot in this case too. How the station will feel depends on the ground conditions.

VOC PRO from Delfin

LOS TOPAS from TOPOL ECO

VOC from Alta Bio

VOC Tver

UPONOR

LOS UNILOS ASTRA

VOC EUROBION

TANK

Principle of operation

PROCESS of reliable autonomous sewage system DELFIN PRO6

Premium class means no interruptions, no rotting of drains and no unscheduled maintenance

1st Camera

Pre-settler

Processes: Accumulation of wastewater, preliminary treatment and sedimentation of wastewater (sedimentation of the heavy fraction).

2nd Camera

Aerotank + MBBR Technology

Processes: Active purification of wastewater in the water column by aerobic bacteria through forced aeration.

3rd chamber

Secondary settling tank

Processes: Secondary settling of treated wastewater before discharge from the station.

The process of deep biological purification in autonomous sewage system DELFIN PRO /VOC occurs by gravity through all 3 chambers (preliminary settling tank, aeration tank, secondary settling tank) without stopping recirculation. This ensures reliable operation in case of power outage VOC. European Reliable Autonomous sewage system PRO continues to work on the principle of a three-chamber septic tank.

• VOC No flooding
• Stable operation of drains
• No unscheduled maintenance

Topas and Principle of operation

is a treatment station built according to a four-chamber design. The transition of purified water from one chamber to another occurs not by gravity, but by airlift, so the operation of the entire system depends on electricity. Stopping the power supply blocks the operation of the septic tank, which is a very significant disadvantage that outweighs the very deep treatment of wastewater (almost 98%). The compressor ensures the operation of the septic tank, so the installation requires a connection to the power supply. Therefore, it is worth planning the installation of such a septic tank only where the electricity supply is stable. If the compressor stops, the station will not be able to function.

Receiving chamber

Wastewater enters the receiving chamber. Unlike “classical installations” in Topas, the receiving chamber is equipped with an aerator to mix the drain and saturate it with air oxygen. Aeration in the receiving chamber is turned on when the flow level in it decreases to the operating minimum. Thanks to this, instead of sediment settling and rotting, the flow in the receiving chamber is averaged in composition, and purification processes begin - the decomposition of molecules of organic compounds occurs under the action of enzymes secreted by bacteria. Coarse particle filter Small particles of contaminants mixed in the drain and passed through a filter with cells with a diameter of 10 mm enter the main pump. Large particles of dirt and debris remain in the receiving chamber. The main pump is an airlift, in which the air supplied by the compressor (9) lifts waste water through a pipe and pumps it into the aeration tank reactor. Pumping occurs evenly with low productivity and, unlike other types of pumps, without large expenditures of electricity and voltage surges caused by starting the pump. Float switch To switch operating modes of Topas, a float switch is installed in the receiving chamber. In the first phase, when the receiving chamber is filled with wastewater, the float rises and the first compressor turns on. It supplies compressed air to:

When the drain level in the receiving chamber drops to the operating minimum, the float is lowered and the second compressor is turned on. The air supply switches to:

• aeration of the receiving chamber,
• airlift for pumping sludge from an aeration tank to a settling tank-stabilizer,
• airlift for removing grease film in the secondary settling tank,
• aeration in the secondary settling tank.

Aerotank reactor

The chamber in which the main wastewater treatment occurs with activated sludge microorganisms. Thanks to aeration, the runoff is maintained in suspension and saturated with air oxygen. During the settling phase, the sludge begins to settle to the bottom and the sludge particles combine into flakes. Due to a decrease in the amount of oxygen in the drain, bacteria begin to use dissolved nitrogen compounds - nitrates - for respiration, reducing them to nitrites and then to molecular nitrogen. Denitrification occurs - the removal of nitrates and nitrites.

Secondary settling tank

A chamber in the shape of a truncated inverted pyramid and located in an aeration tank-reactor. Sludge settles in the settling tank and returns to the aeration tank through an opening at the bottom. Additionally, the mixture of water and sludge flows from the aeration tank-reactor into the secondary settling tank from above, using a recirculation airlift (6). This accelerates the process of sedimentation of sludge and clarification of water. A film of light fractions (fats, oils) is agitated by a bubbler in the upper layer of water and removed to the aeration tank by an airlift built into the pyramid. Treated wastewater is discharged outside by gravity through an outlet in the installation body or collected in a forced discharge tank with a pump installed in it. Most quickly, dying sludge settles to the bottom of the aeration tank-reactor, which, during the settling phase in the aeration tank, is pumped using an airlift (8) into the sludge stabilizer settling tank (D). This is the smallest chamber in which sludge accumulates and mineralizes. Through the existing hole in the upper part, clarified sludge water flows back into the receiving chamber, thus closing the internal circulation process. A standard airlift pump is installed in the settling tank-stabilizer for pumping out sludge. This pump is turned off and the air supplied to it stirs up the sludge mass, preventing it from settling and compacting at the bottom. As part of self-service, a standard pump is used to pump out sludge; to avoid compaction of sludge in the stabilizer, pumping must be done once a quarter. You can pump out sludge 1-2 times a year (as part of maintenance) with a drainage (sewage) pump for contaminated water.

The principle of operation of the autonomous sewage system Alta Bio

At the heart of every autonomous sewage system for a summer residence is a septic tank, which is designed to purify water from harmful impurities. This is where most organic waste breaks down. Today there is a large number of different autonomous sewers. The Alta Group company offers a more advanced design, which is a system for completely purifying water from waste.

Two stages of water purification in the Alta Bio autonomous sewage system:

The first stage of wastewater treatment involves sedimentation of suspended particles in a three-chamber settling tank. The settling tank (lower part of the Station) consists of 3 separate sections with overflows through which domestic sewage flows. The overflows are located in such a way that wastewater flows at the lowest speed, due to which coarse suspended particles settle to the bottom in each chamber. The volume of the first section is 50%, and the second and third are 25% each of the total volume of the sump. The total volume of the settling tank is designed for two-day wastewater treatment.

Second stage of wastewater treatment

Additional purification in a biofilter. From the third chamber of the settling tank, clarified wastewater is pumped using a drainage pump controlled by an electronic unit to the upper part of the station and is evenly sprayed through a rotating sprayer over the entire area of ​​the bioload (biofilter). The filter is a habitat for microorganisms. At the moment of spraying, the wastewater is saturated with oxygen and filtered through the loading material.

Autonomous sewage system for a private house Alta Bio uses electricity in its work. However, even if it is turned off, the station will continue to operate as normal, but as a regular septic tank. And when the power supply is restored, the station will return to operating mode.

Brief description and scope of application of the Alta Bio septic tank

The treatment plant in question is intended for use in private homes or public places with a small number of visitors. It can be used for arranging sewage systems in dachas, cottages or other types of country buildings. Septic tanks are often installed in country cafes, restaurants or snack bars.

Design and principle of operation of a septic tank Tver

The container is delimited by internal partitions, which form the following chambers:

• septic. This is where the wastewater gets first and foremost, and this is where the main processes of settling insoluble suspensions take place. Over time, some of them enter the soluble phase and are sent to the next stage of purification;
• anaerobic bioreactor. The next chamber along the wastewater route is the aeration tank. An aerator is installed at the bottom of the aeration tank, through which air is supplied from a compressor installed in the house through a pipeline. Fired expanded clay is poured onto the aerator, which does not float up. A biofilm of microorganisms is formed on the expanded clay loading, which, together with activated sludge, absorb and oxidize pollution. In this chamber, the components of the wastewater are mechanically destroyed as they pass through the structural elements of the chamber (brushes) and are partially hydrolyzed due to the activity of anaerobic microorganisms (yeast) - this is where the process takes place waste fermentation;
• aeration tank This chamber contains an aerator, thanks to which the wastewater is saturated with oxygen. This, in turn, contributes to the intensification of the reproduction of aerobic microorganisms, which are always found in domestic wastewater as natural microflora. The oxygen-saturated liquid is sent for further processing;
• settling tank Before entering the aerobic bioreactor, the wastewater passes through a settling chamber, which retains heavy suspended matter, which has a beneficial effect on subsequent processes of biological decomposition of organic matter;
• aerobic bioreactor. Two processes simultaneously occur in this chamber: aerobic microbes actively multiply and absorb organic inclusions that make up the wastewater, and the limestone located at the bottom of the section gradually dissolves in water and binds with phosphorus and nitrogen compounds, which are highly toxic. In the aerobic bioreactor, just like in the second chamber, a brush load is located. A layer of biofilm on the load collects and oxidizes organic contaminants remaining after deep cleaning. At the bottom of the bioreactor there is a layer of dolomite crushed stone, which gradually dissolves in wastewater, which helps remove phosphates from it due to their binding with calcium and magnesium ions. The final chamber is a tertiary settling tank, where dead biofilm is retained, then the wastewater is discharged by gravity to the discharge point.
• settling tank-stabilizer. In this chamber, the liquid is further clarified by the natural sedimentation of heavier inclusions, and only after this, 95-98% purified water leaves the Tver septic tank. Additionally, this chamber contains floats with chlorine-containing reagents, which are responsible for water disinfection.

The septic tank is light in weight and has fairly thin walls; this cannot be considered a plus or minus. These factors make installation easy, and the thin walls are made of high-quality polypropylene. Under the influence of heavy loads, they may bend, but will not collapse.

FINNISH SEPTIC Uponor

WehoPuts on-site treatment plants are biochemical type treatment plants for use throughout the year as a wastewater treatment system.

Local treatment plant for a country house or cottage WehoPuts 5 and WehoPuts 10 are designed for treating wastewater from one household. The model number indicates the number of people living. For the calculation, a daily water consumption of at least 150 liters per person is used. Both systems are designed for year-round use.

The line of Finnish local treatment facilities (septic tanks) Uponor Bio is represented by products for complete biochemical treatment of household wastewater. Those. After passing through such installations, the liquid can be drained without subsequent soil cleaning. The stations are volatile, and their normal functioning requires the use of special floating (precipitating) additives. The operating principle of such stations is as follows:

• The wastewater flows by gravity into the receiving chamber (settlement tank), where the bulk of light and heavy inclusions are retained. There are several settling tanks, which allows you to get rid of obvious contaminants as completely as possible;
• Next, the wastewater enters a technological tank equipped with an aerator, in which the potential of activated sludge is activated (microbiological processes actively occur). Part of the sludge is periodically pumped into the receiving chamber;
• at the next stage, a special reagent is dosed into the wastewater in portions, which promotes the precipitation of fine suspended matter. It is also responsible for binding phosphorus compounds;
• after the entire cleaning cycle, the liquid can be discharged into the ground

Advantages of this system: wastewater is processed in portions, which allows achieving the same quality of cleaning; containers are strong and durable; The products are accompanied by all necessary documents and are easy to use. The disadvantages can be considered the overpriced cost of Onor Bio septic tanks (compare, at least, with the cost of Tver or Topas septic tanks), the need to use additional reagents.

VOC Uponor BioClean is one of the innovative solutions from the Finnish manufacturer: compact, durable, easy to use, both in private homes and in summer cottages. Meets all sanitary requirements. It consists of a solid container in which the following processes take place:

• preliminary processes of rough wastewater treatment take place in the settling tank;
• in the next reservoir, the wastewater is aerated, the inclusions are actively processed by aerobic microbes;
• then a flotation reagent is added to the wastewater (the process is the same as in Uponor Bio);
• excess activated sludge is pumped into the receiving chamber;
• treated wastewater is pumped into a well for sampling

Astra Unilos. This is a well-known treatment station for cleaning the sewerage of a cottage, private house or a whole group of houses. Considering the relatively high cost of this model, consumers often save money on purchasing one powerful unit, which is installed for several families. Advantages: reliable operation, high cleaning efficiency. Disadvantages include: relatively slow operation, high price. The septic tank body is divided into four sections: a receiving compartment, an aeration tank, a settling section and a system for discharging purified water into the external environment. The septic tank comes with pumps and ventilation systems that are required to move water from one section to another and to aerate the wastewater.

Receiving chamber or surge tank

Untreated wastewater through the sewer line (1,2) enters the receiving chamber (A) of the installation, where it is prepared - crushed and partially oxidized due to aeration - forced saturation of wastewater with oxygen from the air, which occurs during the operation of an air pump installed in a special compartment (I). compressor. Then, the evenly mixed wastewater is pumped through the coarse fraction filter, which prevents large mechanical and non-degradable contaminants from passing further, and is pumped into the aeration tank chamber (B) by the main pump.

Aerotank

It should be noted that all pumps that pump between chambers in Unilos are made according to the airlift (or mamut pump) principle, where pumping occurs by supplying air into a tube lowered into the pumped liquid. In the aeration tank, the main wastewater treatment occurs with activated sludge - biomass dissolved in water consisting of different types of microorganisms that, in the process of vital activity, decompose the substances that make up wastewater. The condition for the formation of activated sludge is the process of aeration in the aeration tank chamber, which occurs in the direct (first) phase of operation.

Secondary settling tank

After the aeration tank, the mixture of purified wastewater and activated sludge enters the next chamber - the secondary settling tank (C), where the sludge settles to the bottom under the influence of gravity, and clarified purified wastewater, which is technically pure water, exits the station (3). A grease film trap (grease trap) is installed between the chambers of the aeration tank and the secondary settling tank, which removes possible fat accumulations from the secondary settling tank back to the aeration tank for further processing.

Sludge stabilizer

The sludge that has settled to the common bottom of the chambers of the aeration tank and the secondary settling tank is pumped into the sludge stabilizer (D), where it also settles to the bottom, gradually accumulating until removed. To maintain a high degree of purification, a level sensor (float switch) is installed in the receiving chamber, which regulates the switching of aeration modes in the aeration tank and the receiving chamber depending on the level of wastewater in the latter.

How Eurobion works

The operation of the Eurobion station is based on the biochemical method of wastewater treatment, which consists in the ability of microorganisms, in the presence or temporary absence of dissolved oxygen, to use waste pollutants as food. Below is a technological diagram of the operation of the Eurobion deep biological treatment station.

Receiving aeration tank

The wastewater flows through the supply sewer pipe (1) into the receiving aeration tank (2) in which, with the help of the aeration element “POLIATR” (3) and the operation of the compressor (19), the process of saturating the wastewater with air oxygen occurs - aeration. In the presence of dissolved oxygen, wastewater is mixed with activated sludge - a biomass of microorganisms that process contaminants.

Primary aerobic settling tank

Partially treated wastewater passes through two holes in the intermediate bottom (4) and enters the upper zone of the primary aerobic settling tank (5). This zone is characterized by a high concentration of activated sludge and a minimum level of dissolved oxygen. Under these conditions, the process of denitrification, which is the destruction of nitric acid salts (nitrates) to molecular nitrogen, occurs intensively. Further, as the wastewater moves downward, it enters the aerobic sediment zone, where the processes of self-oxidation and decomposition of difficult-to-process contaminants take place. Part of the activated sludge through the overflow (6) enters the lower part of the secondary settling tank (10).

Secondary settling tank

The sludge settles to the bottom of the secondary settling tank and is returned to the aeration zone by the recirculation pump (9), i.e. to the beginning of the technological chain. The process is repeated until the effect of deep biological cleaning is achieved. The biofilm that is formed during the cleaning process in the secondary settling tank enters the biofilm degasser (14) and, under the action of bubbling, is destroyed in the vertical pipe of the degasser (11). The clarified wastewater enters a tertiary settling tank installed directly in front of the AEROSLIV (12) outlet dispenser, the task of which is to regulate the flow rate of purified wastewater to the outlet of the installation. Treated wastewater to the level of technically pure water is discharged by gravity through a pipe (13) outside the installation, or enters a storage tank and is pumped out from there by a drainage pump, in case of compulsory execution of the station.

AU BIOTANK

This series has proven itself as absolutely unpretentious in use and practically maintenance-free station for deep biological wastewater treatment. Does not require additional purification in the ground. The advantages of this system: no additional treatment fields, no complex electronics, no operational problems, quick access to the operating mode, not afraid of temporary power outages, the output is clean, odorless water.

The most modern deep biological treatment station BIOTANK, developed by Triton Plastic, is available in four modifications.

Firstly, the division of septic tanks is based on the shape of the body, vertical And horizontal. The vertical BIOTANK is designed for installation in small areas, because it requires a narrow but deep pit. Accordingly, a horizontal BIOTANK, consisting of universal buildings, which allows you to build a septic tank for any volume and capacity, is installed where there is no limitation on the area of ​​the pit.

Modifications are also provided for each of the two cases with gravity water release, and with forced reset on the terrain using a pump. These series are marked as - MYSELF And ETC.

Modern polymer material is used to make the case. Inside, a polypropylene insert made by injection is used to divide the container into compartments. The tasks of each of the compartments: The first, as in other septic tanks, serves as a receiver and settling tank for separating undissolved impurities. The second compartment is equipped with an aerobic type nitrifier, which has a floating load covered with biofilm. The main cleaning process takes place in this compartment, that is, the processes of oxidation of organic inclusions and ammonia nitrogen. To ensure the chemical reactions take place, air is supplied to the chamber. The next chamber serves as an additional settling tank, in which the medium is separated and the water is freed from residues that formed during the cleaning process. The last compartment is a chamber with a biofilter, which operates on the principle of a separator. Pure water (98% purified) is supplied to the outlet.

ATTENTION, THERE ARE SUCH AUTONOMOUS SEWERS IN 2018

• Requiring accurate calculation of station performance. There is a risk of a decrease in the degree of purification if there are more or fewer users, but not all autonomous sewers have an accurate calculation.
• When there is a power outage, most stations, due to their design features, lose the ability to continue treatment and the degree of overall wastewater treatment tends to 0%.
• The design of many autonomous sewer systems requires frequent and periodic maintenance, repair and replacement of station components.
• A long break in the use of the station is not allowed if it is not equipped with automatic circulation of wastewater and activated sludge.
• The dimensions of the receiving chambers in some autonomous sewers are not designed for large household waste. Also, a volley discharge (draining the bath and simultaneous use of the entire sewer system) can disrupt the processes in the preliminary settling tank, which will lead to a decrease in the degree of wastewater treatment. The volume does not cope well with large household waste and with volley discharge.
Alta BIO 7Tver 1 - PBiotank 6ASTRA 6Biozone Energy consumption, kW/day0,32 0,90 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,44 1,44 3,00 Experience, years25 20 15 10 6 5 20 14 Warranty, years10 5 3 3 1 3 3 3 Service, 1 year1 2 4 1 1 1 4 2 Work without electricityYesYesNoNoYesNoNoNo Susceptibility to chemicals, garbage, food.NoNoYesYesYesYesYesYes MBBR cleaning technologiesYesNoNoNoNoNoNoNo Location of the controller insideNoNoYesYesNoYesYesYes Salvo discharge, liters.660 500 250 270 250 250 280 260 Capacity in m3/day1,36 1,1 1,15 1,4 1,0 1,00 1,20 1,50 Recycling process (SNIP)YesNoNoNoNoNoNoNo Weight, kg220 210 200 200 165 130 210 220 Station shapehorizontal rectangularhorizontal rectangularvertical rectangularvertical rectangularhorizontal rectangularvertical rectangularvertical rectangularvertical rectangular Station operability during short-term power outagesWhen there is a power outage, the station starts operating as a regular storage septic tank, which in no way affects the overall operation of the system as a whole.When there is a power outage, airlifts stop working, which leads to overflow of the station and its breakdownWhen there is a power outage, the station starts operating as a regular storage septic tank, which in no way affects the overall operation of the system as a whole.When there is a power outage, airlifts stop working, which leads to overflow of the station and its breakdown
• Fully automatic control of station operation with alarm system → very low energy consumption
• Simple and quick installation
• Only high-quality raw materials and components from American, Japanese and European manufacturers are the key to high-quality, reliable and safe operation of autonomous sewage systems DELFIN for many years.

Basic parameters when choosing

Since all residential plants are designed and built to treat wastewater, we need the hard facts to make the best possible comparison and provide you with a winner. It won't be that easy, since each station has its own twist. And we’ll tell you how much of a positive effect it has a little later. We compare the parameters and properties of deep biological treatment stations so that you get the result you expect. Facts and logic will be our guides in comparing all autonomous sewers. A high-quality septic tank or waste tank with a great guarantee is the key to quality and your peace of mind.

not susceptible to chemicals, hair and small debris

Oddly enough, there are also stations that have direct restrictions on discharge into an autonomous sewer system. It is clear that the station is not a garbage can, but we will still take into account how these problems were solved. In some they are completely excluded in order to be as comparable as possible with the central sewer system, but in others, unfortunately, due to design limitations, this problem has not been solved. Below is a brief comparison and description of how the problem was solved.

controller location

The stable operation of electrical appliances depends on many environmental factors. Ambient temperature, sudden changes, and humidity create a dew point that can be critical. They affect the service life of electrical equipment, worsen their operating conditions, cause accidents, damage and even destruction of the entire installation. The electrical properties of insulating materials, without which no electrical device can do, especially depend on environmental conditions. These materials, under the influence of climate and even weather changes, can quickly and significantly change, and under critical circumstances, lose their electrical insulating properties. The influence of adverse environmental factors on electrical equipment must be taken into account when designing, installing and operating electrical installations.

The energy consumption of an autonomous sewage system depends on

• Operating mode
• Power of devices and equipment

guarantee

When purchasing a product or receiving any services, we always want to be sure that we will not be left alone with the purchased product. You need to be careful not to make mistakes in marketing moves, such as a service life of more than 1000 years, when the official warranty is only 1 year. Therefore, in this column we would like to simply rank companies in descending order by the guarantee they can provide to their client. This is necessary: ​​to carry out repairs and replacement of parts free of charge. This parameter guarantees you peace of mind and reliability for many years, during which you can contact the seller in case of malfunction or loss of product quality, such as:

• breaking
• poor quality material
• defective parts, etc.

Regarding autonomous sewerage, some manufacturers offer pumps, 2 compressors, controllers, brushes, etc. Others use the laws of physics and gravity.