The best nunneries. Cave monasteries of Russia. Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery

In this article we want to talk about the monasteries of Russia. They have their own history, which is extremely interesting to learn about.

Monasteries in Russia are not only a place where people go who want to renounce worldly concerns and understand themselves. Monasteries are also historical monuments in which the soul of Russia lives. If you want to feel this soul, then it’s time to visit a monastery.

How many monasteries are there in Russia?

In the pre-revolutionary period There were 1025 monasteries as of 1914. During the USSR, of course, there were much fewer of them - only about 16.

IMPORTANT: When calculating, not just buildings are taken into account, but monasteries functioning for their intended purpose.

After 1991 the number begins to increase again. As of 2013 There were about 700 active monasteries.

As for today, then the number reached approximately 1000. The fact is that in each Russian region there are approximately one to twenty monasteries.

The Nilova Hermitage Monastery, photographed back in 1910 by Proskudin-Gorsky

Map of monasteries in Russia

Of course, if you want to get acquainted with such religious and cultural heritage, the most convenient way is to map overview. And it's quite easy to find - map of monasteries in Russia

The most beautiful monasteries in Russia

Novodevichy Mother of God-Smolensk Monastery It is considered the oldest of the women's monasteries. Located near the Moscow River, it has not even changed significantly since its founding in 1524. This contributed to the fact that the monastery was taken into account by UNESCO as a unique example of the Baroque style, and also received the title of “property of all mankind.”

The structure has five chapters, although initially, according to historians, there were nine. All of them have not survived, but the frescoes have survived to this day.

IMPORTANT: If you want to see one of the largest bell towers, then you should go here. The bell tower of this monastery reaches 72 meters!

The end of the 17th century is imprinted on this architectural ensemble interesting towers with openwork completions. And, what is unique, throughout its existence the monastery has never been rebuilt. On the contrary, all components were preserved in their original form.

Nearby are the most picturesque Novodevichy Ponds, the shore of which is marked by an elegant alley. The alley, in turn, will lead the traveler to the bridge and then to the north.

Resurrection New Jerusalem Monastery in the Moscow region is unique in that it is essentially a copy of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, which is located in Jerusalem. The walls are already amazing - they are 3 meters thick and 9 meters high. The perimeter is more than a kilometer, which means the walk promises to be long.

IMPORTANT: Since the territory is quite large, it is worth booking a tour. It lasts on average two hours, during which the guide will definitely answer all questions.

The towers deserve special attention, which at first seem identical, but in fact each of them is unique. Upon careful inspection, you can find more and more unique things in these buildings.
The gate is also notable. Each of the three gates has its own name and purpose.

Inside is beautiful church Konstantin and Elena. It is underground 6 meters deep, which in itself is very interesting. The tombstone nearby is a memory of a benefactor who did a lot for the monastery.

If you look closely, you will notice that the walls are decorated with beautiful tiles- special tiles used for this type of finishing.

The history of the creation of the Resurrection Cathedral, located on the territory of the monastery, is beautifully presented in the form carved chronicle. And if you read only the first letters, you can see the name Nikanoris - that was the name of the archimandride who worked on the chronicle.

The inside of the monastery is as beautiful as the outside. And even in small things he repeats the Jerusalem style - for example, with arcades. If you lift your head you can see how tent rises as much as 18 meters. There are beautiful ones everywhere frescoes that illustrate the story of Jesus Christ.

The Holy Trinity Lavra of Sergius is located in Sergiev Posad. From time immemorial it was a unique educational and publishing center, which was reflected in its majesty.

IMPORTANT: The monastery consists of a huge number of structures, which will take an attentive tourist a lot of time to examine. There are about 50 buildings in total. Therefore, you need to go on an excursion early.

UNESCO is concerned about the safety of this religious and historical monument. You can get into it through different gates, but the best is through the Saints. Above them is a 17th century church.

On the territory of this monastery there is bell tower, recognized as the most beautiful in Rus'. Built back in the 18th century, it never ceases to delight others.

The Temple of the Descent of the Holy Spirit on the Apostles is recognized as a unique creation of architecture, because such buildings were uncharacteristic for the 15th century.

One can talk endlessly about the buildings at the monastery, but it is worth mentioning

also mention Church of St. Sergius with the Refectory Chamber. The temple was built back in the 17th century, and at that time it stood out significantly for its size and solemnity. It hosted meals on holidays, as well as ceremonial receptions.

The Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery is located on the picturesque shore of Lake Siverskoye in the Vologda region. It is considered not only the largest, but the richest monastery in Russia.

IMPORTANT: As for churches, only Kirillovsky all year round and Sergievsky in summer time. There is currently no place for pilgrims to stay in large numbers.

You definitely need to take a look Assumption Cathedral. It was not for nothing that it earned the title of an outstanding building monument of Rus' - being one of the first buildings made of stone, this cathedral served good example monumental construction.

If you want to admire an example wooden architecture, worth to visit Church of the Deposition of the Robe. It is the oldest example of a wooden structure. In combination with picturesque nature, the church looks great.

Also remembered by all visitors Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord with water gates. This architectural creation was noted with delight by Chelishchev in his notes on his travels through the Russian north.

Belogorsky St. Nicholas Orthodox Missionary monastery , located near Perm, stunning both in summer and winter. Also known as the Ural Athos for its strict morals. But the austere beauty, restored in 2010, is also striking.

The very location of the monastery is attractive - rising on the White Mountain, it attracts attention. Despite the fact that there were other monasteries in Perm, this one was most memorable.

You should definitely visit the one located on its territory Holy Cross Cathedral. It is very reminiscent of the Kiev Vladimir Cathedral - the same Byzantine style.

The most ancient monasteries in Russia

Murom Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery It is believed that it was founded no later than 1015 by Prince Gleb Vladimirovich. According to some researchers, it is the oldest monastery in Russia.

Mention of this building can be found in the world famous “Tale of Bygone Years”— Prince Izyaslav Vladimirovich allegedly died under its walls.

For quite a long time the monastery was a defensive line of Murom. In this regard, there were both ruins and restructuring.
Gradually the monastery acquired outbuildings, and the bell tower, and the school. A The abbot's building was the first stone building in the entire city.

IMPORTANT: Despite its enormous history, the monastery is currently well maintained. It occupies a fairly large area, in which the Transfiguration Cathedral, erected in the 16th century, especially stands out - it is recommended to pay attention to it when visiting the monastery.

Flower beds with many flowers, a pond, a small zoo - The monastery can boast of this along with its ancient history.

Nikitsky Monastery, also called Pereyaslavl-Zalessky, is located near Lake Pleshcheyevo Park. The son of Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavovich Boris, together with Bishop Hilarion, decided to create churches on this lake. This is how they wanted to establish Christianity. It is assumed that one of the churches built at that time became the basis for the monastery.

The monastery received its second name in honor of St. Nikita the Stylite. Although some researchers doubt the life span of Stylite.

Particular attention should be paid to refectory chamber. There is an opinion that Peter the Great stayed there. And even though the building was rebuilt later, it is still quite interesting. This is especially true for window frames.

St. George's Monastery is located not far from Veliky Novgorod. As legend says, it was founded back in 1030 by Yaroslav the Wise. Since he had the name George at baptism, they decided to name the monastery in his honor, because George previously sounded like “Yuri.” Already in the 12th century, this building was mentioned in chronicles.

The building was originally built of wood. However, in the 12th century, Mstislav the Great ordered the construction of a temple of stone, which the architect Peter hastened to carry out - this is how the St. George's Cathedral. In recent years, archaeological research has been carried out on the territory of the cathedral, thanks to which they found most interesting frescoes.

Today, the service is performed not only in St. George's Cathedral, but also in Spassky, Holy Cross, in the Church of the Icon of the Mother of God of the Burning Bush A.

The Borisoglebsky Monastery is the oldest one located not only in the Tver region, but also in Russia as a whole. And although it more or less appeared in chronicles in the 17th century, the founding date is generally considered to be 1038. It was then that the former equerry of Prince Vladimir the First, boyar Ephraim, decided to retire from the bustle of the world, building a monastery and naming it in honor of the murdered Boris and Gleb.

The monastery was repeatedly destroyed either by fire or by raids. But time after time he was successfully revived. For example, this happened with Vvedenskaya Church, which was previously burned by the Poles.

Avraamiev Epiphany Monastery is the oldest in Rostov. Previously, like many buildings of this type, it was intended as a fortress, but over time the fortress walls disappeared. According to the legend “The Life of Abraham of Rostov”, this monastery was erected instead of the stone pagan deity Veles.

This happened, according to one version, in 1261. However, some researchers tend to date the construction of the monastery at a later date.

Be that as it may, the rod of Abraham, with which he crushed Veles, was kept for a long time within the walls of the monastery, until Ivan the Terrible took it away before the famous campaign against Kazan.

IMPORTANT: If you want to see with your own eyes one of the early monuments of votive construction, visit the Epiphany Cathedral on the territory of the monastery. It was erected just after the capture of Kazan.

A little later, other churches appeared - Nikolskaya and Vvedenskaya. From those ancient times until 2004, the monastery was considered male, but now it has the status of female.

The most famous monasteries in Russia

Solovetsky Monastery was erected in the 15th century by the Monks Herman and Zosima. As the legend says, Zosima was destined to see a vision, which served as the impetus for the construction of an unusually beautiful monastery. It was built of wood and included a refectory, a chapel, and a church.

Since then, the monastery had full right to own the islands on which it was located - this was confirmed by the Archbishop of Novgorod, and then by the rest of the sovereigns. Historians have noted an interesting fact: Many cities of the 16th century were not indicated on maps, but the Solovetsky Monastery was definitely present on them.

Since the 16th century they began to conduct construction works using stone. Upon completion of construction the monastery receives the status of a fortress, being a security point in the north-west of the state.

The monastery was noted in history during the Crimean War, when it withstood bombardment by English cannon frigates.

Today, the monastery has preserved churches and buildings from those times, which are connected by covered passages. From an architectural point of view, the monastery is quite unique thanks to such transitions and corner chapters.

The monastery is also famous for its prison cells., in which both political and church prisoners served their sentences.

Ipatiev Monastery- a real symbol of Tsarist Rus', because it was in it that Mikhail Romanov was elected to the kingdom in the 17th century, and in it, 300 years later, the Romanov dynasty ceased to exist. Situated on the shores of Kostroma, this monastery has experienced decline and prosperity more than once.

Unfortunately, it is now impossible to judge what exactly these buildings looked like back then. Modern look they received it only during the time of Catherine the Great.

Visitors will be able to enjoy the gilded iconostasis of the Trinity Cathedral, murals, as well as a unique library. The famous Ipatiev Chronicle especially stands out in it.

is a unique combination of beautiful nature and a unique architectural complex. The latter arose in the 16th and 17th centuries, surrounded on all sides by water, and could not be more suitable for being in solitude.

IMPORTANT: It is recommended to visit first the stone chapel, the Transfiguration Cathedral. The Chapel of the Annunciation, by the way, is one of the oldest island buildings. And they decided to establish a chapel in the name of the icon of the Mother of God of the Sign in honor of Alexander II’s visit to the monastery.

This unique complex has had to endure a lot of trials, but now it is being restored. Eg, out of 13 monasteries, 10 have already been restored.

Museum, residence of the patriarch, workshop for icon painting - this is what else the monastery is famous for now. The flow of pilgrims is so great that from May to November the walls of the monastery actively receive visitors.

Goritsky Monastery is the most famous of those related to Pereyaslavl. Those structures that have survived date back to the 17th-19th centuries.

The main one deserves special attention Cathedral of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary. His iconostasis It was created from many tiers back in the 18th century, but has survived to this day.

Initially, the monastery was intended as a men's monastery, but in 1667 it was decided to make it a women's monastery. Currently, he continues to remain under female care.

The monastery greets visitors with quite interesting Travel gates which arose in the 17th century. The contrast between the clean walls and the gate decor is eye-catching.

IMPORTANT: You should definitely visit the Gatekeeper's Chamber - it has two richly decorated facades, which are in no way inferior to the decoration of the princely homes of those times.

Main monasteries in Russia, list

We offer a list of the main monasteries, compiled alphabetically:

1. Adrian Poshekhonsky Monastery- Yaroslavl region. Poshekhonsky district, Andrianova Sloboda village
2. Alexander-Athos Zelenchuk men's hermitage— Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Zelenchuksky district, village. Nizhny Arkhyz
3. Alexander Nevsky Convent— Moscow region, Taldomsky district, Maklakovo village
4. Alekseevskaya Hermitage of the Pereslavl Feodorovsky Monastery-Yaroslavl region, Pereslavl district, Novoalekseevka village
5. Ambrosiev Nikolaevsky Dudin Monastery— Nizhny Novgorod region, Bogorodsky district, Podyablonnoe village
6. St. Andrew's Hermitage of the Solovetsky Monastery— Arkhangelsk region, Primorsky district, Solovetsky Islands
7. Artemiev-Verkolsky Monastery— Arkhangelsk region, Pinezhsky district, village. New way
8. Annunciation Convent— Astrakhan, north-west. street corner Sovetskaya and st. Kalinina
9. Annunciation Ion-Yashezersky Monastery (Yasheozersky Monastery)— Republic of Karelia, Prionezhsky district, ur. Yashezersky Monastery
10. Annunciation Krasnoyarsk Convent— Krasnoyarsk, st. Lenina, 13-15
11. Annunciation Monastery in Dunilovo- Ivanovo region, Shuisky district, With. Dunilovo
12. Bogolyubsk men's monastery of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra-Moscow region, Sergiev Posad, st. Novogorodnaya, 40A
13. Mother of God of Mercy Kadomsky Convent— Ryazan region, Kadomsky district, Kadom
14. Epiphany Convent- Altai Territory, Kamen-on-Obi, st. Dekabristov, 19
15. Borisoglebskaya hermitage in Voskresensky- Yaroslavl region, Pereslavl district, village. Housewarming
16. Brusensky Convent— Moscow region, Kolomna, Sovetsky lane, 3
17. Vazheozersky Monastery (Zadne-Nikiforovskaya Monastery)— rep. Karelia, Olonets district, village. Intervillage
18. Valaam Monastery Republic of Karelia - Sortavala district, o. Balaam
19. Valdai Iversky Svyatoozersky Monastery— Novgorod region, Valdai district, Valdai city, island, Iversky monastery
20. Varlaamo-Khutyn Spaso-Preobrazhensky Convent-Novgorod region, Novgorod district, village Khutyn
21. Varsonofievsky Pokrovsko-Selishchensky Convent— rep. Mordovia, Zubovo-Polyansky district, village. Pokrovskie Selishchi
22. Vvedeno-Oyatsky convent - Leningrad region, Lodeynopolsky district, Oyat village
23. Verkhne-Chusovskaya Kazan Trifonova women's hermitage— Perm region, Chusovskoy district, Krasnaya Gorka village
24. Vladimir Skete of Valaam Monastery— Republic of Karelia, Sortavala district, o. Balaam
25. Vladychny Convent— Moscow region, Serpukhov, st. Oktyabrskaya, 40
26. Vorontsov Annunciation Monastery— Tver region, Toropetsk district, Vorontsovo village
27. Resurrection Novodevichy Convent— St. Petersburg, Moskovsky pr., 100
28. Resurrection Skete of the Pavlo-Obnorsky Monastery— Vologda region, Gryazovets district, Yunosheskoye village
29. All Saints Shuya Edinoverie Convent— Ivanovo region, Shuya, (corner of Sovetskaya St. and 1st Metallistov St.)
30. Vysokopetrovsky Monastery- Moscow, st. Petrovka, 28
31. Hermogenova male desert— Moscow region, Sergiev Posad district, ur. Hermogenova Pustyn (2 km N of the village of Alferyevo)
32. Gethsemane men's monastery of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra— Moscow region, Sergiev Posad, st. Spring
33. Gledensky Trinity Monastery— Vologda region, Veliky Ustyug district, village of Morozovitsy
34. Golgotha-Crucifixion Skete— Arkhangelsk region, Primorsky district, Solovetsky Islands, o. Anzer, Golgotha-Crucifixion Monastery
35. Desyatinny Nativity Convent— Veliky Novgorod, Desyatinnaya st.
36. -Voronezh region, Liskinsky district, hut. Divnogorye
37. Dmitrievsky Dorogobuzh Convent - Smolensk region, Dorogobuzh district, Dorogobuzh, st. International, 16
38. Catherine's Convent— Tver, st. Kropotkina, 19/2
39. Elizabethan Women's Community— Tver region, Zubtsovsky district, ur. Elizavetino (1 km NW from the village of Starye Gorki)
40. Women's Skete of the Icon of the Mother of God of Jerusalem- Kaluga region, Lyudinovo district, ur. Maninsky Khutor (3 km NE of Kretovka village)
41. Zadonsky Mother of God-Tikhonovsky Tyuninsky Convent-Lipetsk region, Zadonsky district, village. Tyunino
42. Zaikonospassky Monastery- Moscow, st. Nikolskaya, 7-9
43. Zaonikievskaya Mother of God-Vladimir men's hermitage— Vologda region, Vologda district, village Luchnikovo
44. Zolotnikovskaya Assumption Hermitage- Ivanovo region, Teykovsky district, village. Zolotnikovskaya Pustyn
45. Ivanovo Vladimir Monastery- Ivanovo, st. Lezhnevskaya, 120
46. Iversky Vyksa Convent— Nizhny Novgorod region, Vyksa, st. Krasnoflotskaya, 58
47. Icons of the Mother of God Delight or Consolation, women's community— Moscow region, Domodedovo district, With. Dobrynikha
48. Innokentyevsky men's monastery- Irkutsk, st. Academician Obraztsova, 1
49. St. John the Theologian Monastery— Ryazan region, Rybnovsky district, village. Poshupovo
50. St. John of Kronstadt Convent- Altai Territory, Pervomaisky district, village. Kislukha
51. John the Baptist Convent— Moscow region, Ramensky district, village. Denezhnikovo
52. John the Baptist Monastery— Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, st. Bauman, 2
53. Kinovia of the Trinity Alexander Nevsky Lavra— St. Petersburg, Oktyabrskaya embankment, 16-20
54. Krasnogorsk Bogoroditsky Monastery— Arkhangelsk region, Pinezhsky district, Krasnaya Gorka village
55. Krasnoselsky St. John the Baptist Monastery— Perm region, Solikamsk, st. Privokzalnaya, 35
56. Krasnokholmsky St. Nicholas Monastery— Tver region, Krasnokholmsky district, Sloboda village
57. Krasnoyarsk Znamensky Skete — Krasnoyarsk region, Divnogorsk, st. Embankment
58. Holy Cross Monastery— Nizhny Novgorod, Oksky Congress, 2a
59. Holy Cross Monastery— Perm region, Nytvensky district, village. Govyrino
60. Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk Ust-Vymsky Monastery— Komi Republic, Ust-Vymsky district, village. Ust-Vym, st. Zarucheynaya, 36
61. Mikhailo-Athos Monastery (Mikhailo-Athos Trans-Kuban Hermitage)— Rep. Adygea, Maykop district, village. Victory
62. Monastery "Work and Prayer"— Tver region, Rameshkovsky district, Volkovo village
63. Monastery of Gabriel the Archangel in Blagoveshchensk- Amur region, Blagoveshchensk, st. Gorky, 133
64. Monastery of Elisabeth Feodorovna the Venerable Martyr— Kaliningrad, st. Poletsky, 8
65. Monastery of the Icon of the Mother of God of All Tsaritsa— Krasnodar, st. Dimitrova, 148
66. Monastic women's community of the Icon of the Mother of God I am with you and no one else is with you— Kaluga region, Meshchovsky district, village. Silver
67. Nikitsky Monastery- Yaroslavl region, Pereslavl district, village. Nikitskaya Sloboda, st. Zaprudnaya, 20
68. Nikolo-Modensky Monastery— Vologda region, Ustyuzhensky district, village. Fashionable
69. Nikolo-Stolpenskaya Pustyn (Nikolo-Stolbenskaya Pustyn)— Tver region, Vyshnevolotsky district, village. White Pool
70. Nikolo-Chernoostrovsky Monastery— Kaluga region, Maloyaroslavets, st. Kutuzova, 2
71. Nikolo-Shartomsky Monastery in Vvedenye- Ivanovo region, Shuisky district, village. Introduction
72. Nikolsky Tikhonov Monastery- Ivanovo region, Lukhsky district, village. Timiryazevo
73. Nilo-Sora desert— Vologda region, Kirillovsky district, metro station Pustyn
74. Novodevichy Convent— Moscow, Novodevichy Ave., 1
75. Holgin Monastery in Volgoverkhovye- Tver region, Ostashkovsky district, village. Volgoverkhovye
76. Parfenovsky Mother of God Monastery in Parfenovo— Vologda region, Cherepovets district, Parfenovo village
77. Perynsky monastery— Novgorod
78. Pskov St. John the Baptist Monastery (Ivanovo Monastery from Zavelichye)— Pskov
79. Deserts of the Paraclete— Moscow region, Sergiev Posad district, pos. Change
80. Holy Ascension Skete of the Solovetsky Monastery, on Sekirnaya Mountain— Arkhangelsk region, Primorsky district, Solovetsky Islands
81. Holy Spirit Alatyr Hermitage— Chuvash Republic, Alatyr, microdistrict. Arrow, lvl. Oak Grove
82. Holy Trinity Alexander Nevsky Lavra— St. Petersburg, emb. Monastyrki River, 1; pl. Alexander Nevsky
83. Skete of St. Andrew the First-Called on Agathonov Meadow— Leningrad region, Vsevolozhsk district, Koltushskaya vol., near the village of Korkino, Genetika massif on Agathon meadow
84. Skete of All Saints of Joseph-Volokolamsk Monastery— Moscow region, Volokolamsk district, village. Teryaevo
85. Skete of Tryphon of Vyatka in Pyskor (Pyskor Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery)— Perm region, Usolsky district, village. Pyskor
86. Solotchinsky Monastery— Ryazan region, Ryazan district, village. Solotcha
87. Sofronieva Hermitage— Nizhny Novgorod region, Arzama district, Sofronieva Pustyn
88. Spaso-Kamenny Monastery— Vologda region, Ust-Kubinsky district, o. Stone
89. Spaso-Kukotsky Monastery- Ivanovo region, Gavrilovo-Posad district, village. Serbilovo
90. Spaso-Preobrazhensky Mirozhsky Monastery— Pskov, Mirozhskaya embankment, 2
91. Spaso-Preobrazhensky Solovetsky Monastery Arkhangelsk region, Primorsky district, Solovetsky Islands
92. Spaso-Preobrazhensky Ust-Medvedetsky Monastery— Volgograd region, Serafimovich
93. Trinity-Odigitrievsky Zosimova women's hermitage (Trinity-Odigitrievsky Zosimov convent; Zosimova hermitage) Moscow region, Naro-Fominsk district, village. Zosimova Pustyn
94. Trinity-Sergius Lavra— Moscow region, Sergiev Posad, Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius
95. Trinity Anthony Siysky Monastery - Arkhangelsk region, Kholmogory district, village. Monastery
96. Uspenskaya Rdeiskaya hermitage- Novgorod region, Kholmsky district, ur. Rdeyskaya desert
97. Assumption Pskov-Pechersky Monastery- Pskov region, Pechora district, Pechory, st. International, 5
98. Ferapontov-Belozersky Mother of God-Nativity Monastery— Vologda region, Kirillovsky district, village. Ferapontovo
99. Florishcheva men's hermitage (Assumption Monastery)-Nizhny Novgorod region, Volodarsky district, pos. Frolishchi
100. Nativity of Christ Iversky Convent— Kirov region, Vyatskie Polyany, st. Lenina, 212A
101. Shestakovo Resurrection Community- Yaroslavl region, Nekouzsky district, village. Sheldomierz
102. Yugskaya Dorofeeva Hermitage- Yaroslavl region, ur. Southern Desert (flood zone of the Rybinsk Reservoir)
103. Yuryev Monastery— Veliky Novgorod, s. Yuryevo
104. Yaransky Prophetic Monastery— Kirov region, Yaransky district, Opytnoe Pole metro station

Buddhist monasteries in Russia, list

We bring to your attention a list of current Russian territory Buddhist monasteries:

1. Aginsky datsan- Trans-Baikal Territory, village. Amithasha
2. Alarsky datsan— Kutulik village, Alar district, Ust-Orda Buryat district, Irkutsk region
3. Aninsky datsan— Buryatia, 5 km from the village of Alan, Khorinsky district
4. Atagan-Dyrestuisky datsan— Buryatia, Dyrestui
5. Atsagatsky datsan— Buryatia, Zaigraevsky district, village of Naryn-Atsagat
6. Buddhavihara— Gorelovo village, near St. Petersburg
7. Gusinoozersky (Tamchinsky) datsan— Buryatia, village of Gusinoe Lake
8. "Datsan Gunzechoiney"— St. Petersburg, Primorsky Prospekt, 91 (Staraya Derevnya metro station)
9. Zagustai datsan “Dechin Rabzhiling”- 6 km south of the Tokhoy ulus, Selenginsky district of Buryatia and 4 km northeast of the outskirts of the city of Gusinoozersk, on the Kyakhtinsky tract
10. "Golden Abode of Buddha Shakyamuni"— in the center of Elista on the street. Yuri Klykov
11. Kizhinga datsan “Dechen Dashi Lhumboling”— Kizhinginsky district of Buryatia
12. Sartul-Gegetui datsan— south of Buryatia in the Gegetui ulus, Dzhidinsky district
13. Syakusn-Sume - the outskirts of Elista 6 kilometers from the city north of the village of Arshan
14. Tantric Monastery of Lord Zonkava— Gorodovikovsk, Kalmykia
15. Uldyuchinsky khurul— Uldyuchin village, Priyutnensky district, Kalmykia
16. Ustuu-Khuree— Chaylag-Alaak tract on the right bank of the Chadan River
17. Khoymorsky datsan “Bodhidharma”— Arshan, Tunkinsky district of Buryatia
18. Khosheutovsky khurul- With. Rechnoye, Kharabalinsky district, Astrakhan region
19. Temple of the Great Victory (Bolshoy Tsaryn)- Bolshoi Tsaryn village, Oktyabrsky district of Kalmykia
20. Tseezhe-Burgaltai datsan— Ust-Burgaltai ulus, Zakamensky district of Buryatia
21. Choyorya-khurul— the village of Iki-Chonos, Tselinny district of Kalmykia
22. Chita datsan— Transbaikal region, Chita
23. Shad Tchup Ling Mount Kachkanar in the Sverdlovsk region

Old Believer monasteries in Russia, list

Many Old Believer monasteries were closed at different times. Of those that remain, the following can be distinguished:

1. Nikolo-Uleima Monastery- With. Ulema of Yaroslavl region
2. Preobrazhenskaya Old Believer community of Fedoseevsky consent— in Moscow near the Preobrazhenskoe cemetery

Monasteries of Russia with miraculous icons

New Jerusalem Monastery, which we mentioned earlier, stores the miraculous Icon of the Mother of God “Three-Handed”. There is a legend that the artist, returning to his work, time after time saw a third hand drawn by someone unknown to his work. Believing it was someone's joke, he washed his hand. And this continued until the Mother of God appeared to him in a dream and said that the hand was a sign of her blessing.

Conception Convent famous icon of the Mother of God, called “Merciful”. People turn to her in case of problems with conceiving a child, as well as simply to resolve family problems.

IMPORTANT: This icon is not original - it was copied from the one located on the island of Cyprus.

Iveron Icon of the Mother of God from the Iveron Monastery is one of the most valuable icons. It was made back in the 11th century, and was revered throughout the centuries of its existence thanks to many miracles.

If you look closely, you can see a wound on the chin of the Mother of God, which appeared thanks to the enemies of Orthodoxy.

It is not for nothing that the Russian land has always been famous for its spiritual monuments. The monasteries not only warmly welcomed everyone who sought to escape worldly life, they were also excellent examples of architectural art. Regardless of what exactly you expect from the monasteries, you should visit them even as a simple tourist.

We invite you to enjoy the beauty of Russian monasteries with the help of video:

Video: Monasteries and churches of Russia

Video: Ipatiev Monastery

Video: How do they live in a monastery?

Solovetsky Monastery - an independent monastery of Russian Orthodox Church. It is located in the White Sea on the Solovetsky Islands. The foundation of the monastery dates back to the 40s of the 15th century, when the Monk Zosima and his friend chose Bolshoi Solovetsky Island as their place of residence. He made such a choice not by chance - the monk saw a church of unprecedented beauty. Recognizing his dream as a sign from above, Zosima began building a wooden temple with a chapel and a refectory. With its construction he honored the Transfiguration of the Lord. After a short period of time, Zosima and German built a church. With the appearance of these two buildings, which later became the main ones, the arrangement of the monastery territory began. Subsequently, the Archbishop of Novgorod issued a document to the monastery confirming its eternal ownership of the Solovetsky Islands.

The Holy Vvedenskaya Optina Hermitage is a stauropegial monastery, the servants of which are male monks. Its creator was the robber Opta, or Optia, who at the end of the 14th century. repented of his actions and accepted monasticism. As a clergyman he was known under the name Macarius. In 1821, a monastery was established at the monastery. It was inhabited by the so-called hermits - these are people who spent many years in complete solitude. The mentor of the monastery was the “elder”. Over time, Optina Pustyn turned into one of the leading spiritual centers. Thanks to numerous donations, its territory was replenished with new stone buildings, a mill and land. Today the monastery is considered a historical monument and has a different name - “Museum of Optina Pustyn”. In 1987, it was included in the list of objects of the Russian Orthodox Church.

The Novodevichy Convent, built in the 16th century, was at that time located on Samsonov Meadow. Nowadays this area is called the Maiden Field. The cathedral church at the monastery was built in the likeness of the Assumption Cathedral - the “neighbor” of the Moscow Kremlin. The monastery walls and towers were built in the 16th – 17th centuries. In general, the architecture of the monastery conveys the “Moscow Baroque” style. The monastery owes its fame to the Godunov family. Boris Godunov lived here before his election as king with his sister Irina. Irina Godunova took monastic vows with the name Alexander and lived in separate chambers with a wooden tower. At the end of the 16th century. The territory of the monastery was replenished with stone walls and a dozen towers. In appearance, they resembled Kremlin buildings (there were square towers in the walls, and round ones in the corners). Their upper parts were decorated with teeth. Today the Novodevichy Convent combines both a museum and a monastery.

The Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery is located on the shores of Lake Siverskoye. It owes its appearance to St. Cyril, who founded it in 1397. Construction began with the arrangement of a cell-cave and the installation of a wooden cross over it. In the same year, the illumination of the first shrine took place - it was a wooden church built in the name of the Dormition of the Blessed Virgin Mary. By 1427, there were about 50 monks in the monastery. In the first half of the 16th century. a new life begins at the monastery - all Moscow nobles and kings began to regularly come to it on pilgrimage. Thanks to their rich donations, the monks quickly built up the monastery with stone buildings. Its main attraction is the Assumption Cathedral. Appearing in 1497, it became the first stone building in the North. The monastery complex underwent various architectural changes until 1761.

The Valaam Monastery is a stauropegic institution of the Russian Orthodox Church, which occupied the islands of the Valaam archipelago (Karelia). The first mentions of it are found in chronicles of the 14th century. Thus, “The Legend of the Valaam Monastery” informs about the date of its foundation - 1407. Within a couple of centuries, 600 souls of monks lived in the monastery, however, due to repeated invasions by Swedish troops, the island began to decline. After another 100 years, the territory of the monastery began to be filled with cell buildings and auxiliary premises. But the main buildings of the monastery courtyard were the Assumption Church and the Transfiguration Cathedral. Wanting to create the New Jerusalem from their own monastery, the Valaam ascetics used the names of the New Testament period when arranging its sites. Over the years of its existence, the monastery has undergone many changes, and to this day it remains one of the attractive historical monuments of Russia.

The Alexander Nevsky Lavra was founded in 1710 at the junction of the Monastyrka River with the Neva. The decision to build it was made by Peter I himself, who wished to perpetuate the victory over the Swedes in 1240 and 1704 in this area. In the 13th century Alexander Nevsky fought against hordes of Swedes, so he was subsequently canonized for good deeds before the Fatherland. The monastery built in his honor was popularly called the Alexander Temple, and with its construction the expansion of the territory of the Holy Trinity Alexander Nevsky Monastery, or Lavra, began. It is noteworthy that the monastery buildings were located “at rest”, i.e. in the shape of the letter “P” and were decorated with churches in the corners. The landscaping of the yard consisted of a garden with a flower bed. The main holiday of the Lavra is the day of September 12 - it was on this date, back in 1724, that the holy relics of Alexander Nevsky were transferred.

The Trinity-Sergius Lavra was founded in the first half of the 14th century. Venerable Sergius Radonezh, the son of an impoverished nobleman. According to the clergyman’s plan, the monastery courtyard was arranged in the form of a quadrangle, in the center of which the wooden Trinity Cathedral rose above the cells. The monastery was fenced with a wooden fence. Above the gate there was a small church honoring St. Dmitry Solunsky. Later, all other monasteries adopted this architectural plan, which confirmed the opinion that Sergius was “the head and teacher of all monasteries in Rus'.” Over time, the Holy Spirit Church appeared near the Trinity Cathedral, the building of which combined a temple and a bell tower (“like the bells”). Since 1744, the majestic monastery was renamed Lavra.

Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery is a monastic monastery in Murom, founded by the passion-bearer prince Gleb. Having received the city as an inheritance, he did not want to settle among the pagans, so he decided to establish a princely court above the Oka. Having chosen a suitable place, Gleb of Murom built his first temple on it - this is how he immortalized the name of the All-Merciful Savior. Later he added a monastic monastery to it (the premises were used to educate the Murom people). According to the chronicle, the “monastery of the Savior on the forest” appeared in 1096. Since then, many clergy and miracle workers have visited its walls. Over time, the Spassky Cathedral appeared on the territory of the monastery - through its construction, Ivan the Terrible immortalized the date of the capture of Kazan. To furnish the premises of the new temple, the tsar allocated icons, church utensils and literature, and clothing for ministers. The Church of the Intercession with chambers, a bakery, a flour shed and a cookhouse was built in the second half of the 17th century.

Seraphim-Diveevo Monastery is a convent founded in the 2nd half of the 18th century. On own funds Mother Alexandra first laid the foundation of the Kazan Church. Pachomius, a master famous for the construction of the Sarov Desert, was in charge of its consecration as construction was completed. The church premises were equipped with 2 chapels - in the name of Archdeacon Stephen and St. Nicholas. Then the Trinity and Transfiguration Cathedrals appeared in Diveevo. The latter was built with substantial donations, because reinforced concrete was used in its construction for the first time (previously such material had not been used in the construction of shrines). But the main temple here is considered to be the Trinity Cathedral, in which the relics of Seraphim of Sarov rest. Everyone who wants to receive grace-filled help and healing specially gathers at the shrine with the relics of the monk.

The operating monasteries of Russia are not only a cultural heritage of world significance, but also an important institution of Orthodoxy, where special energy and the fundamental teachings of the holy wonderworkers are born.

In the monasteries, elders and monks pray for the sinful souls of the whole world. Visit active monasteries Russia is not just about enjoying ancient temples and icons, everyone can touch amazing life saints and absorb a drop of wonderful, monastic energy.

After the collapse of the USSR, many monasteries resumed their work again, some were later restored by parishioners. All of them are open to pilgrims and parishioners; in some you can stay for several weeks as a volunteer, worker and novice.

Women's monasteries in Russia where you can come and live

You can come to many women’s monasteries in Russia to live for a few weeks and become a worker or a volunteer, that is, work and pray in the name of the Lord. Often women and girls come who are in serious life situations, are at a crossroads or want to help the monastery with their work.

According to many volunteers, this is an indescribable experience that lasts a lifetime and protects you from all adversity and difficulties.

Pokrovsky Monastery

Intercession women's stauropegial monastery, where the relics and miraculous icon Eldress Matrona can be called the most famous in Moscow.

Pilgrims and parishioners from all over Russia come here to touch the relics and icon of the Venerable Matrona. The saint favors girls, so pregnant girls or those who cannot find a life partner often come here. Here you can stay for several weeks and work in the monastery.

Holy Trinity Seraphim-Diveevo Monastery

The monastery suffered greatly during the Soviet era, many nuns were forced to hide from the authorities, and lived as nuns in the world.

This is where he lived Reverend Wonderworker Seraphim of Sorov, where his relics are kept. Many parishioners talk about miracles that happened to them after veneration of the relics and the icon. After the collapse of the USSR, the monastery was restored and gained fame for healing diseases. Pilgrims come to pray for health, for the strength of faith, for healing from illnesses.

The monastery is located in the city of Diveevo near Arzamas.

St. Peter and Paul Convent

The monastery was created in the 13th century, but later abolished by Catherine the Great, and later reopened.

Various workshops operated here: icon painting and embossing, a parochial school and a hospital. During the USSR, the monastery was closed and revived only in 2002.

The monastery is located near Khabarovsk, where there is a special bus.

The largest Orthodox monasteries in Russia

The largest monasteries are not just individual monasteries, they are a whole, closed world with many complexes, temples, cathedrals and courtyards. Pilgrims, novices and volunteers from all over go to such monasteries Orthodox world to pray for the health of your family, for the Glory of God and peace on earth.

Trinity-Sergius Lavra

One of the oldest complexes, which is located in the city of Sergiev Posad, not far from Moscow.

It was founded in the 14th century. Now it is a large ensemble of cathedrals and temples, where anyone can come. The Lavra contains the relics of 9 saints, including Sergius of Radonezh and Maxim the Greek.

Now the Lavra, in addition to spiritual and religious life, conducts social projects and charity. Activists help people in military service, in prison and in difficult life situations.

Pskov-Pechersky Monastery

The famous monastery, whose life is described in the book “Not the Holy Saints”.

An ancient monastery-fortress, one of the few monasteries that continued its work in the USSR. Here are miraculous icons, lives and relics of Saints; the famous Archimandrite John Krestyankin lived in the monastery. You can come here on an excursion and remain a novice and volunteer.

In addition to the main temples, there are caves on the territory where monks lived and prayed. They can be visited by special appointment.

The monastery is located in Pskov.

Valaam Monastery

The monastery is located on the island of Valaam on Lake Ladoga, not far from the border with Finland.

The large courtyard and complex of temples and cathedrals are visited by thousands of people every day. Here you can stay as a novice and volunteer, and also pray for the health of your family or go on an excursion.

The most famous monasteries in Russia

Almost every resident of Russia knows about these monasteries; their centuries-old history, miraculous icons and miracle-working Saints who served in the monasteries have made them immortal.

Optina Pustyn

One of the most famous and revered monasteries in Russia. People come here from all over Russia to seek help and advice from the elders.

Miraculous icons and prayer help to find health, faith and love. You can get to the monastery from the city of Kozelsk, which is located in the Kaluga region.

Novodevichy Convent in Moscow

The large courtyard is located in Moscow and has a centuries-old history.

It was here that Princess Sophia, the elder sister of Peter I, spent the rest of her days. You can visit the convent as a parishioner, and also become a novice. Single girls often come here to pray, seeking help in finding a life partner.

Alexander-Svirsky Monastery

The men's monastery was founded in the 15th century by the saint, the Monk Alexander of Svir, among dense forests, in the habitat of the pagan tribes of Corellas, Vepsians and Chuds.

The saint is famous for his religious exploits, which are described in his life and recounted in the temple. In the temple there are special places of worship and the appearance of the holy spirit to Alexander Svirsky.

Here lie the relics of Alexander Svirsky, a consecrated copy of the famous Shroud of Turin, which over time began to flow myrrh. People come from all over the country to see and pray at the great shrine.

Stavropegic monasteries of Russia

Stavropegic monasteries are those monasteries that are directly subordinate to the Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus', as well as the synod, and are not subject to local dioceses.

Donskoy Monastery

The monastery is one of the oldest monasteries in Russia; it was founded in the 16th century by the Tsar of All Rus' Feodor Ivanovich.

The cultural and architectural monument has a long history. It was plundered during the French invasion and closed during the Soviet period, but it is operating again and welcomes parishioners to the temple. The monastery is located near the center of Moscow. Here is the miraculous Don Icon of the Mother of God.

Monastery address: Donskaya Square, 1-3.

Ioannovsky Stavropegic Convent

John of Kronstadt founded the monastery at the beginning of the 20th century in honor of St. John of Rila. The holy abbot spent his entire life and found peace in the monastery. During Soviet times, the monastery was closed.

The monastery was restored in the 90s and acquired the status of stavropegic. The nuns talk about amazing miracles and healings that have been happening in the monastery over the past 30 years.

The most ancient monastery in Russia

The Murom Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery in the city of Murom is mentioned in chronicles earlier than other monasteries in 1096; the founding date is attributed to 1015, that is, 25 years after the Baptism of Rus'.

Founded by the son of Grand Duke Vladimir, Gleb, the monastery has come a long way for thousands of years. During Soviet times it was closed and a military unit was located there until 1995. Now it has been restored and is open to all parishioners.

Murom Monastery is part of Golden ring Russia and is a monument to Old Russian architecture of the early Christian period.

The most remote monasteries in Russia

The Solovetsky Monastery is one of the most ancient and remote monasteries in Russia, located on the Solovetsky Islands in the Arkhangelsk region. It is a stauropegic monastery.

The relics of the first founders, St. Zosima, Savvaty and Herman are kept here. It is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List as a monument of Old Russian architecture.

During the Soviet era, the monastery was a prison for political prisoners and clergy.

The harsh climate makes travel to the monastery limited in autumn and winter. The most convenient way to travel by sea in the summer is from the city of Kem.

Temples were often founded far from worldly life, alone with harsh nature. The Solovetsky and Valaam monasteries are difficult-to-reach monasteries for parishioners. In addition to them, far from the settlements there is the Kozheozersky Epiphany Monastery. It is located in the Arkhangelsk region on Lake Kozheozero.

The monastery was founded in the 16th century; Nikon, the future, famous patriarch of all Rus', was here as abbot.

The monastery invites pilgrims, sisters in obedience and volunteers.

Monasteries of Russia with miraculous icons

The Vysotsky Monastery was founded in the 14th century by Sergius of Radonezh.

The monastery houses the famous miraculous icon “The Inexhaustible Chalice”, which relieves alcoholism. People from all over the country come to the monastery to pray for the health of loved ones and in search of help from terrible addiction. The Vysotsky Monastery is located in the city of Stupino, not far from Moscow.

Tikhvin Mother of God Assumption Monastery

The monastery was founded in the 16th century on the banks of the Tikhvinka River.

Here is one of the main shrines of the Orthodox religion - the miraculous Tikhvin Icon of the Mother of God. Ivan the Terrible revered her and considered her his patroness.

The icon has healing and military properties. According to legend, she protects Russian troops.

According to legend, during the Great Patriotic War The icon was transported by plane around Moscow, protecting it from the attack of the Nazis.

Cave monasteries of Russia

Rock monasteries are special monasteries that were founded by hermit monks, leaving worldly life. They inspire admiration and amaze with their interior decoration, because they literally cut through the rocks.

Trinity Skanov Monastery

In the 19th century, hermit monks retired from worldly life and built a small chapel in the cave.

There are 2.5 km of passages deep into the rock to the lowest tier, where there is a source with clean, holy water. During Soviet times, the temple was looted and dismantled, as a result of which many passages collapsed. In recent years, active restoration work has been carried out.

Holy Dormition Monastery in Bakhchisarai

The monastery was founded in the 6th century in a rock according to the research of scientists.

She went through a difficult period while on the territory of the Crimean Khanate and was persecuted. It was forgotten for a long time, but was revived in the 19th century.

Now the monastery is open to the public, parishioners can go on a tour and collect water from the holy springs.

There are few quiet places left in the bustling metropolis. These are embankments, green parks, museums and Orthodox monasteries, beyond the walls of which the bustle of the city does not penetrate. Today, within the borders of Moscow there are one and a half dozen active monasteries, most of which were founded in the 16th-17th centuries.

Why do they come to monasteries?

Believers visit monasteries to venerate the relics of Orthodox saints, pray in ancient churches and near ancient icons. The monastery necropolises are of great interest. In the cemeteries of the Novodevichy, Donskoy and Novospassky monasteries, not only church hierarchs are buried, but also representatives of eminent noble families, famous writers, artists, singers and politicians.

In addition, many monuments of church architecture have been preserved in Moscow monasteries, which are of great interest to connoisseurs of Russian architecture. These are picturesque churches of the 16th-19th centuries, in the construction of which talented Russian and foreign architects took part.

Novodevichy Convent

View of the Novodevichy Convent from the opposite side of Novodevichy Pond

One of the most beautiful monasteries in the city has an unusual status. It refers to Historical Museum and at the same time is active convent. The Novodevichy Convent was founded in the first half of the 16th century and for a long time served as a place of imprisonment for disgraced princesses and queens.

The picturesque monastery ensemble adorns the bend of the Moscow River. It is considered an example of Moscow Baroque and has been included in the UNESCO World Heritage List since 2004.

St. Daniel's Monastery

St. Daniel's Monastery from a bird's eye view

The men's monastery on the right bank of the Moscow River is located 4.5 km south of the Moscow Kremlin. This is the oldest monastery in the city. It appeared in the 80s of the 13th century, thanks to the son of Alexander Nevsky, Prince Daniil.

Under Soviet rule, the monastery was liquidated, and its territory was used for a children's colony. Today the architectural ensemble has been completely restored and is open to pilgrims and tourists.

Donskoy Monastery

Great Cathedral of Our Lady of the Don

The men's monastery appeared at the end of the 16th century, after the defenders of Moscow miraculously managed to repel the attack of the Crimean Khan of Gaza II Giray. According to legend, the monastery was dedicated to the Don Icon of the Mother of God, which Prince Dmitry Donskoy took with him to the Kulikovo Field. The stone walls became part of a powerful defensive complex and complemented the fortifications of the Svyato-Danilov and Novospassky monasteries, which protected Moscow from the south.

The surviving monastery ensemble was formed in the 16th-18th centuries. It consists of several cathedrals, churches, fraternal buildings and a high bell tower, built in the best traditions of the Elizabethan Baroque.

Novospassky Monastery

View of the southeastern tower and domes of the Transfiguration Cathedral

The ancient monastery has long served as the family tomb of the Zakharyin-Romanov boyars, who became the progenitors of the Russian royal dynasty. In addition, on the territory of the monastery, in the majestic Znamensky Church, the counts Sheremetyevs, princes Kurakins and representatives of the princely family of Lobanov-Rostov are buried.

The beautiful monastery complex rises on Krutitsky Hill, on the left bank of the Moscow River. Among the temples standing here, the huge Transfiguration Cathedral and the slender bell tower 78 m high especially stand out.

Nikolo-Perervinsky Monastery

Nikolo-Perervinsky Monastery from a bird's eye view

In the south-eastern part of the city stands the ancient Nikolo-Perervinsky monastery. Its existence has been known since the 20s of the 17th century. Students of the Pererva Seminary studied here, and Empress Catherine II made a stop here during her trip to Crimea. According to legend, there was an underground passage in the monastery that led from the monastery to the Church of the Kazan Mother of God, located on the territory of the royal estate Kolomenskoye.

Sretensky Monastery

View of the Cathedral of the New Martyrs and Confessors of the Russian Church on Spilled Blood (center) and the Cathedral of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God of the Presentation (right) of the Sretensky Monastery

The monastery appeared in the city center at the end of the 14th century and was built in honor of the salvation of Moscow from the troops of Tamerlane. It played a big role in the spiritual life of the city and was the center of crowded religious processions. Residents of the city, grand dukes, kings and church hierarchs took part in them.

During the Time of Troubles, when Polish-Lithuanian troops ruled the Moscow Kremlin, the Sretensky Monastery sheltered Russian militias. Today, the monastery has been restored, and the monastery choir is considered the main choir of the Russian Orthodox Church.

Conception Monastery

Cathedral of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary of the Conception Monastery

A women's monastery in the Moscow district of Khamovniki appeared in the 1360s. According to legend, her first nuns were Juliania and Eupraxia, the sisters of Metropolitan Alexy.

Under Soviet rule, nuns and novices were expelled from the monastery, and a prison and a colony for minors were opened in the monastery buildings. Restoration of the dilapidated shrine began in 1991. Today, the architectural ensemble of the monastery includes four above-ground churches and an underground Church of the Assumption.

Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery

Cathedral of Peter, Metropolitan of Moscow Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery

A small monastery in the very center of Moscow is located next to Petrovka Street. It was created in 1315 and at that time was located outside the city boundaries - in the village of Vysokoye.

For 500 years now (2018), in the center of the monastery there has been a unique stone cathedral of Metropolitan Peter, built by the famous Italian architect Aleviz the New. This unusual eight-leaf church is rightfully considered a real decoration of the picturesque monastery ensemble.

Marfo-Mariinskaya Convent

Cathedral of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary of the Marfo-Mariinsky Monastery

One of the youngest Moscow monasteries appeared at the beginning of the last century, thanks to Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna. After her husband died at the hands of a terrorist, the Grand Duchess left social life and retired to a new monastery.

Nowadays, the sisters living here help in hospitals and clinics. The monastery has a shelter for orphan girls, a patronage service and a canteen where the poor are fed.

St. Andrew's Monastery

General view of St. Andrew's Monastery

At the foot of the Sparrow Hills, for several centuries now, there has been a men's monastery, the main temple of which is dedicated to St. Andrew Stratelates. In 1652, a school appeared at the monastery, which became the first academic educational institution in Moscow. Tourists come here to see Church XVII century, decorated with colored glazed peacock tiles.

Pokrovsky Monastery

View of the main entrance and cathedrals of the Intercession Monastery

The Women's Convent of the Intercession is the most visited in the city. On weekdays, about three thousand pilgrims come to it, and on weekends and holidays their number increases to 25-50 thousand people. Believers go to the monastery to venerate the relics of Saint Matrona, who is considered one of the most revered Moscow saints. In addition, the monastery houses several ancient icons and relics.

Zaikonospassky Monastery

View of the Cathedral of the Savior Miraculous Image and the bell tower of the Zaikonospassky Monastery

Not far from the Ploshchad Revolyutsii metro station there is a men’s monastery that has gone down in history as a “teacher’s monastery.” It was founded during the reign of Boris Godunov and got its name because it stood behind the row of icons.

Under the monk and theologian Simeon of Polotsk, a school for clerks was opened in the monastery, which later grew into the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy. In 1814, the Academy was transferred to Sergiev Posad, and the Theological School continued to operate within the walls of the monastery.

Mother of God Nativity Monastery

View of the cathedrals of the Mother of God Nativity Monastery

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On days of fasting, during a period of special abstinence and fervent prayer, Orthodox Christians make pilgrimages to holy places and springs. We offer a selection of the oldest monasteries in Russia, where you can go these days with an excursion program or for obedience.

The oldest monasteries are located in eight regions of Russia - Arkhangelsk, Vladimir, Vologda, Nizhny Novgorod, Novgorod, Kaluga, Pskov regions and Karelia.

1. St. George's Monastery

According to legend, the monastery in Veliky Novgorod was founded by Prince Yaroslav the Wise, baptized George. There, the prince built a wooden church in the name of the Holy Great Martyr George. For a long time, the monastery owned vast lands and carried out complex agricultural activities. It is known from the chronicle that in 1333 the walls of the monastery were strengthened “by 40 fathoms with fences...”.

However, under Catherine II, part of the lands of the Yuryev Monastery went to the state, but the monastery still remained on the list of the 15 most significant monasteries in Russia. The monastery will receive new life in the 19th century, under the abbot Father Photius. New cathedrals and cells, a bell tower were built on the territory, and rare and expensive icons appeared in the monastery.

The revival of the ancient monastery did not last long: already in the 20s of the 20th century the monastery was closed and plundered. During the Great Patriotic War, German and Spanish units were stationed in the monastery, and in peacetime there was a technical school, post office, school, museum, and homeless people lived here. In 1991, the monastery was returned to the church. Since then, monastic life gradually began to return to the monastery, bells began to sound, and the Divine Liturgy was celebrated every day.

2. Spaso-Preobrazhensky Solovetsky Monastery

The monastery was the foundation Reverend Zosima and Herman, who arrived in the middle of the 15th century on Bolshoi Solovetsky Island and settled by the sea. According to legend, Zosima saw in the heavenly radiance white church, where a wooden church with a parish and a refectory was subsequently erected. Since the middle of the 16th century, the territory of the monastery has grown into pastures and farmland. The monks cooked salt and farmed. The monastery became a powerful outpost on the northern border of the country. To maintain combat effectiveness, Ivan the Terrible assigned the monastery its own artillery and strengthened the walls of the monastery.

There was also a prison at the monastery. Even before the advent of Soviet power, apostates and state criminals were sent to the Solovetsky bunks. During Soviet times, the Solovetsky Monastery acquired an exclusively negative connotation. Political prisoners and clergy were sent here. Together with the convoy, the number of prisoners did not exceed 350 people.

During the war, a school for cabin boys of the Northern Fleet was opened on Solovki, which was transformed into the Solovetsky Reserve, which continued to exist even after the resumption of the monastic community.

In 1992, the Solovetsky Monastery complex was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, and three years later in the State Code of Especially Valuable Objects of Cultural Heritage of the Peoples of the Russian Federation.

3. Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery

The monastery was founded by followers of Sergius of Radonezh: Cyril and Ferapont Belozersky dug a cave on the shore of Lake Siverskoye, from which the creation of the monastery began. The territory of the monastery gradually grew and already in the middle of the 15th century the monks were actively trading in fish and salt, which made it a major economic center.

The main attraction was the monastery library. Collections and chronicles of past centuries were kept here; the final edition of “Zadonshchina” was also compiled here.

It is known that in 1528 Vasily III came here with his wife Elena Glinskaya to pray for an heir. After this prayer, the future Tsar Ivan the Terrible was born, and before last days Vasily III had special feelings for the monastery and before his death he accepted the schema and became an ascetic of the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery; Ivan the Terrible himself went there before his death.

Like many other northern monasteries, Kirillo-Belozersky served as a place of imprisonment for the clergy and nobility. For example, the disgraced Patriarch Nikon, Ivan Shuisky and others visited here.

Until the times of Peter the Great, the monastery concentrated cultural, historical, economic and defensive functions; it was a real fortress of the Vologda region. However, with the accession of Catherine II to the throne, part of the land was taken out of ownership, and the city of Kirillov was organized from the monastery settlement.

During the atheistic years, the monastery was plundered, and its abbot, Bishop Barsanuphius of Kirill, was shot. The territory became a museum-reserve, and only in 1997 the monastery was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church.

4. Deposition of the Robe Convent

The monastery was founded at the beginning of the 13th century with exclusively wooden buildings. Several centuries later, stone structures began to appear on the territory, and the oldest that has survived to this day is the Robe Collection, erected at the beginning of the 16th century. In 1688, the entrance to the monastery was decorated with double-tented gates.

Next to the monastery there was another monastery, built as if in addition - Trinity, which was intended for widows who had taken monastic vows. Their territories were in close contact and in 1764 the Trinity Monastery was abolished and the lands passed to the “elder brother”.

At the beginning of the 19th century, in honor of the victory over Napoleon, a 72-meter bell tower was erected in the monastery. In 1882, the monastery received another building - the Sretenskaya Refectory Church. At this point, the period of development of the Deposition of the Robe Monastery ends, giving way to theomachism.

In 1923, the monastery was closed, its bells were sent for melting down, and guards of the political isolation ward located in the neighboring monastery were stationed in the premises. A power plant was established in the Cathedral of the Deposition of the Robe, and the holy gates were used as a hot storage area.

In 1999, the monastery was transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church and reopened as the Deposition of the Robe Convent.

5. Murom Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery

According to legend, the monastery was founded back in 1015 and its foundation is associated with the Murom prince Gleb Vladimirovich, however, “The Tale of Bygone Years” points to the walls of the monastery in 1096, when Prince Izyaslav Vladimirovich died.

In the middle of the 16th century, after Ivan the Terrible’s successful campaign against Kazan, on the orders of the Tsar, several churches were erected in Murom, including the main cathedral of the Transfiguration Monastery. The economic prosperity of the monastery is also associated with the name of Ivan the Terrible, who gave the monastery numerous lands and estates. In the inventories of Murom from the mid-17th century, the monastery is listed as “the sovereign’s building.”

Over the centuries, the monastery changed abbots and expanded its territory. Thus, during the reign of Patriarch Nikon, the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery remained a stronghold of the Old Believers and refused to submit to innovations. For which the abbot, despite repentance, was exiled to the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery.

In 1887, an exact copy of the icon of the Mother of God “Quick to Hear” was brought to the monastery from Athos. And until the beginning of the 19th century, the temple was actively built up and reconstructed.

After the revolution of 1917, the abbot of the monastery was accused of complicity in the uprising, the monastery was closed, leaving only the parish church functioning. But this did not last long. In the 1920s, the temple was turned into a museum, but in 1929 the monastery premises were occupied by the military and NKVD units.

The revival began in 1990 after a letter from city residents asking to restore the temple.

Five years later, the authorities responded to the letter, the military unit left the monastery, a rector was appointed to the monastery, and restoration began. By 2009, the reconstruction was completed and the same icon of the Mother of God “Quick to Hear” returned to the monastery.

6. Mother of God Nativity Monastery

Before the founding of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, the Vladimir Monastery was the center of monastic life in North-Eastern Rus'. The Laurentian Chronicle came out of the monastery.

The monastery was founded personally by Prince Vsevolod Yurievich in 1191. In 1237, the monastery was plundered by the Tatars and partially destroyed. At the same time, the abbot of the monastery and part of the brethren were killed.

In 1263, Alexander Nevsky, who died on his way back from the Horde, was buried in the church of the Nativity Monastery. For a long time his relics remained open, but in 1723, by order of Peter the Great, they were transferred to St. Petersburg.

Before late XIX centuries, the monastery constantly changed its status and abbots. Despite this, in the 20s of the 20th century it suffered the fate of being abandoned and plundered. Since 1921, a pre-trial detention center, NKVD and KGB units were located here. From 1930 to 1950, executions of repressed people took place in the monastery buildings, and they were buried right there.

On the anniversary of the 800th anniversary of the monastery, construction and reconstruction of buildings began. On this day, a religious procession took place in the monastery. The monastery itself came into the possession of the Russian Orthodox Church.

7. Annunciation Monastery

The monastery was founded in the year of its foundation Nizhny Novgorod- in 1221. But a few years later it was completely plundered and burned, and a hundred years later the newly restored monastery was covered with snow. Residents were killed and buildings were destroyed.

According to legend, Metropolitan Alexy saw the destroyed monastery and made a vow to God that if the campaign against the Horde ended successfully, he would restore the monastery. The Metropolitan returned with honor, because... He healed the wife of the Tatar Khan from blindness. The raids stopped and the vow was fulfilled in 1370. This date can be considered the second birth of the monastery.

Among the trustees of the monastery was Osip Ermolov, the direct ancestor of General Ermolov.

In the 18th century, a handwritten kondakar was found in the monastery, called the Annunciation or Nizhny Novgorod.

After the revolution, the monastery was closed, and after the war, a planetarium was founded in the building of the Aliksievskaya Church, which existed there until 2005.

In 2007, a porcelain iconostasis was installed in the Church of St. Alexis. There are similar ones only in a few churches in Moscow, in Yekaterinburg and on Valaam.

Before the revolution, the monastery contained a copy of the Korsun Icon of the Mother of God, which survived several fires, but this time it was lost. An updated list was added to the restored monastery.

8. Pskov-Pechersky Monastery

The chronicle of the monastery indicates that even before the laying of the stone of the first cathedral of the monastery, hunters in the forest heard singing. And later, when the lands were given to local peasants, when trees were cut down under the roots of one of them, an entrance to a cave with the inscription “God-created caves” opened. It is known that the area was once home to those fleeing the raids. Crimean Tatars monks of the Kiev Pechersk Lavra. Later, already in 1473, Kamenets was dug near the stream. The monastery was founded on this site.

This is one of the few monasteries that did not cease its life during Soviet times. However, during the Great Patriotic War, the walls and buildings were heavily damaged by fascist artillery. After the war, seven Valaam elders came to the Pskov-Pechersky Monastery. Many abbots and monks who served here were subsequently canonized. The total length of the caves is about 35 meters. In the lower caves the temperature is 10 degrees.

The Pskov-Pechersky Monastery is a place of pilgrimage for Orthodox Christians all over the world. Bishop Tikhon Shuvkunov began his monastic path here. Based on his notes, the film “Pskov-Pechersk Monastery” was made, and in 2011 the book “Unholy Saints and Other Stories” was published, in which many chapters are related to the Pskov monastery.

9. Vvedenskaya Optina Pustyn

Exact date The foundation of the monastery is unknown, but according to legend, in these places at the end of the 14th century, the repentant robber Opta founded a refuge for elders and elders living in different sections under the direction of one confessor.

For many centuries, the desert changed mentors and expanded. Cathedrals, a refectory, and cells appeared on the territory. Hermits also settled here, people who lived in seclusion and solitude for a long time. It is also known that Vladimir Solovyov brought the hermitage of Fyodor Dostoevsky, who had just lost his son, to Optina. Immediately, the great writer highlighted some details of the life of the monks, which later appeared on the pages of The Karamazov Brothers. The prototype of Elder Zosima from the novel was Elder Ambrose, who lived at that time in a monastery and was later canonized after his death.

During Soviet times, Optina Pustyn was also destroyed and closed. At first there was an agricultural artel here, then a rest house named after Gorky. During the Great Patriotic War, a military hospital and an NKVD filtration camp were located on the territory of the monastery. Later, these buildings will be transferred to a military unit, which will leave the territory only in 1987. A year later, the first divine liturgy took place within the walls of the monastery.

10. Valaam Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery

According to one legend, Andrew the First-Called installed a stone cross on the site of the future monastery, and according to another legend, two monks - Sergius and German - founded a monastic brotherhood on Valaam. The first mention in 1407 is considered the year the monastery was founded. A century later, about 600 monks lived on the island, but constant raids by the Swedes led the economy to desolation.

After the end of the Northern War, the territory of the monastery grew with new lands and cathedrals.

IN war time a school for boatswains and cabin boys was organized in the monastery, who went to defend Leningrad. In 1950, the House of War and Labor Invalids was organized in the monastery.

A decade later, the first tourists arrived on the holy island, for whom a museum-reserve was organized. Due to the growing popularity of the place, in 1989 it was decided to transfer the monastery to the Leningrad diocese. On December 13, six monks set foot on the island.

About half of those who try to start monastic life on Valaam leave the island. Every year about 100 thousand pilgrims arrive at the Valaam Monastery, 90 thousand of whom are tourists.

On Valaam there are the relics of the founders of the monastery of Saints Sergius and Herman of Valaam, a miraculous icon Mother of God“Valaam”, healing from diseases, and the Holy Icon righteous Anna, helping with infertility.

An overview of the oldest monasteries in Russia is provided Federal agency on tourism.