Heating boiler piping: diagram and elements. Piping a gas boiler - rules and requirements for installation Piping a wall-hung heating boiler

Creating a heating system involves connecting a boiler and heating devices (radiators, convectors and warm water floors). The system must also contain security devices. The procedure for connecting this entire facility is called “boiler piping”.

What is a harness and what is it made of?

The heating system has two main parts - the boiler and radiators or heated floors. What connects them and ensures safety is the harness. Depending on the type of installed boiler, different elements are used, therefore they usually consider separately the piping of solid fuel units without automation and automated (usually gas) boilers. They have different operating algorithms, the main ones being the ability to heat the boiler heater in the active combustion phase to high temperatures and the presence/absence of automation. This imposes a number of restrictions and additional requirements that must be met when piping a boiler running on solid fuel.

An example of a boiler piping - first there is copper, then there are polymer pipes

What should be in the harness

To ensure safe heating operation, the boiler piping must contain a number of devices. Must be:

Some of these devices are already installed under the casing of a gas wall-mounted boiler. The wiring of such a unit is very simple. In order not to complicate the system with a large number of outlets, the pressure gauge, air vent and emergency valve are assembled into one group. There is a special housing with three outlets. The corresponding devices are screwed onto it.

This is what a security group looks like

Install a safety group on the supply pipeline immediately at the boiler outlet. They are placed so that it is easy to control the pressure and you can manually release the pressure if necessary.

What pipes to use

Today, metal pipes are rarely used in heating systems. They are increasingly being replaced with polypropylene or metal-plastic. Piping a gas boiler or any other automated boiler (pellet, liquid fuel, electric) is possible immediately with these types of pipes.

When connecting a solid fuel boiler, at least a meter of supply pipe cannot be made with a metal pipe and, best of all, a copper pipe. Then you can switch to metal-plastic or polypropylene. But this is not a guarantee that polypropylene will not collapse. It is best to provide additional protection against overheating (boiling) of the TT boiler.

Which polymer pipes are better? Polypropylene or metal-plastic? There is no clear answer. Polypropylene piping is good because of the reliability of the connections - properly welded pipes are a monolith. (). But the maximum permissible temperature of the coolant in the system is not higher than 80-90°C (depending on the type of pipe). And then, prolonged exposure to high temperatures leads to rapid destruction of polypropylene - it becomes brittle. Therefore, piping the boiler with polypropylene is done only in low-temperature systems based on automated boilers.

If there is protection against overheating, the boiler piping can be made with polypropylene pipes

Metal-plastic has a higher operating temperature - up to 95°C, which is sufficient for most systems. They can also be used to piping a solid fuel boiler, but only if there is one of the systems for protecting against overheating of the coolant (discussed below). But metal-plastic pipes have two significant drawbacks: narrowing at the connection point (fitting design) and the need to regularly check the connections, as they leak over time. So, lining the boiler with metal-plastic is done under the condition that water is used as a coolant. Antifreeze liquids are more fluid, so it is better not to use compression fittings in such systems - they will still leak. Even if you replace the gaskets with chemically resistant ones.

Gas boiler piping

Modern gas boilers have good automation that controls all parameters of the equipment’s operation: gas pressure, the presence of a flame on the burner, the pressure level and temperature of the coolant in the heating system. There is even automation that can adjust work to weather data. In addition, wall-mounted gas boilers in most cases contain such necessary devices as:

The parameters of all these devices are indicated in the technical data of gas boilers. When choosing a model, you need to pay attention to them and choose a model not only by power, but also by the volume of the expansion tank and the maximum volume of coolant.

Wiring diagram for a wall-mounted gas boiler

In the simplest case, the boiler piping contains only shut-off valves at the entrance to the boiler - so that repair work can be carried out if necessary. A dirt filter is also installed on the return pipeline coming from the heating system to remove possible contaminants. That's all the harness.

An example of piping a wall-mounted gas boiler (double-circuit)

In the photo above there are corner ball valves, but this, as you understand, is not necessary - it is quite possible to install ordinary models, and turn the pipes closer to the wall using corners. Also note that there are taps on both sides of the sump tank - this is so that you can remove it and clean it without draining the system.

In the case of connecting a single-circuit wall-mounted gas boiler, everything is even simpler - only gas is supplied (gas workers connect), hot water supply to the radiators or water heated floor and return from them.

Wiring diagrams for floor-standing gas boilers

Floor-standing models of gas heating boilers are also equipped with automation, but do not have a safety group, an expansion tank, or a circulation pump. All these devices have to be installed additionally. Because of this, the wiring diagram looks a little more complicated.

On two classical boiler piping schemes, an additional jumper is installed. This is the so-called “anti-condensation” loop. It is needed in large systems; if the return water temperature is too low, it can cause condensation. To eliminate this phenomenon, this jumper is installed. With its help, hot water from the supply is mixed into the return pipe, raising the temperature above the dew point (usually 40°C). There are two main ways to implement it:

with installation of a circulation pump with an external temperature sensor in the jumper (and the photo is at the top right);
using a three-way valve (pictured below left).

In a scheme with a circulation pump on a jumper (condensation pump), it is made with a pipe of a smaller diameter than the mains. The sensor is attached to the return pipe. When the temperature drops below the set value, the pump power circuit is turned on and hot water is added. When the temperature rises above the threshold, the pump turns off. The second pump is the heating system itself; it works all the time while the boiler is running.

In the second scheme with a three-way valve, it opens the addition of hot water when the temperature drops (set on the valve). In this case, the pump is located in the return pipeline.

Solid fuel boiler piping

Any owner of a TT boiler knows that during the active combustion phase a lot of heat is released. Over time, experience comes - when and how exactly to close the damper, for what period of time, etc. But if you get a little distracted, the water in the system will overheat and may even boil. To prevent this phenomenon, the boiler piping without automation must contain several devices that prevent the system from boiling. Only in this case can wiring around the house be done with polymer pipes. Otherwise, sooner or later, the overheated coolant will soften the material, the pipes will burst with all the ensuing consequences. Therefore, piping a solid fuel boiler, in addition to the traditional elements - a safety group, an expansion tank and a circulation pump - contains a significant number of additional devices and usually requires quite a lot of money.

The cyclical nature of the operation of solid fuel boilers leads not only to boiling of the system, but also to the fact that the house is either very hot (when the fuel is actively burning), or cold - when everything has burned out. To eliminate these phenomena, there is a solution: install an indirect heating boiler or a heat accumulator. Both are containers with water, they just perform different functions and, accordingly, are connected in different ways.

Connection with an indirect heating boiler

With this design, there is no sudden increase in temperature during active combustion, which is usual for a solid fuel boiler. This is because the volume of the tank is added, so there is practically no overheating of the water. Then, when the fuel has burned out and the house begins to cool down in a conventional system, the heat stored in the heating phase continues to be consumed in the system with TA. In this way, the temperature background is equalized and the time between fires increases.

This type of piping for a solid fuel boiler is more reliable and the wiring from the heater can be done with polypropylene pipes, but the circuit from the boiler to the tank must be made with metal pipes. In this case, you can use steel ones, but copper ones are still better.

TT boiler piping with overheating valve

The third way to protect a solid fuel boiler from overheating is to install an automatic overheating protection device. This is a special valve with a temperature sensor. The principle of operation is simple: when a certain temperature is exceeded (usually 95-97°C), the valve opens the inlet of cold water from the water supply, and releases excess superheated water into the sewer. This is how, for example, REGULUS DBV 1-02, Regulus BVTS 14480 works.

Protection of a solid fuel boiler from overheating using the REGULUS DBV valve

Although the valves are manufactured by the same company, they have different structures and installation patterns. So REGULUS DBV is installed at the boiler outlet and has a built-in temperature sensor (installation diagram - above). The overheating protection valve of the TT boiler Regulus BVTS 14480 has a remote sensor and can be mounted both at the inlet and outlet (installation diagram below). What's good about this option? The fact that it can work in systems with natural circulation - it does not need pressure to work.

Heating boiler piping with coolant boiling protection valve

Their estimated cost is 40-60 € - this is much less than the cost of installing a heat accumulator or an indirect heating boiler, but this method does not solve the problem of temperature fluctuations. These valves, by the way, can be used to increase the reliability of a circuit with an installed indirect valve and thereby eliminate the possibility of the system boiling.

What else is needed in the system

The boiler piping will be incomplete if it does not have a tap to drain and fill the system. And it is better if they are separate. The specific installation location depends on the structure of the system, but there are certain rules:

In some systems, the drain and fill of the system are made from one tap. This is possible if there is a pump that pumps and there is a pressure gauge by which you can control the pressure created. If there is a separate tap for filling the system at a high point, it can be filled by gravity.

Heating boiler piping call the process of connecting equipment to hot water supply, as well as to distribution networks in accordance with operating standards.

Boiler is the main core of the heating circuit, its type affects choice of strapping scheme. The basic rule for installing a floor-standing boiler is to strictly prohibit its placement in the upper part of the pipeline distribution. If this rule is violated, the boiler, for which air exhaust conditions have not been created, will begin to air the system. The pipe that leaves the boiler without an air vent must be located only vertically. The pipes, which are located at the bottom of the unit, can be designed in such a way that an automatic air vent can be connected to them. Air vents are provided in wall-mounted electric and gas models and are required for connection to the heating network.

To calculate home heating systems, you can use the calculator for calculating heating and home heat loss.

This feature must be taken into account when piping the boiler, for the reason that wall-mounted monoblock models are able to independently ventilate the system.

Varieties of schemes, features of boiler piping.

One of the most important elements of the boiler piping is membrane expansion tank, which allows you to protect the system from water hammer. It is designed in such a way that two cavities, which are separated by a membrane, control pressure differences: the coolant moves through one, and the second is filled with air. For piping heating boilers, it is best to use polypropylene pipes or metal pipes. Piping a boiler using polypropylene pipes has many advantages, the main ones being ease of installation and low cost. Also, plaque does not form on the walls, and with the help of simple tools, piping installation processes are easy to carry out, just like connecting pipes using polyvinyl chlorides.

Tying gas boilers with polypropylene performed by soldering, this method will completely eliminate leaks that may appear due to poorly installed fittings. The advantage of working with a polypropylene pipeline is the ability to form any circuit. You should also avoid a large number of connections when using polypropylene pipes, and you should also not neglect the possibility of smooth transitions.

For supplying gas to the boiler, the main condition will be rigid connection. For these purposes, a metal pipe is used and connected to the unit through an “American” or a drive. Gaskets that are used to seal connections between a gas boiler and a gas pipe can only be used from paronite; the use of tow, fum tape and rubber components is prohibited. A properly installed pipeline can last a long time and can withstand pressures exceeding 25 bar and a coolant temperature of 95 degrees.

Boilers of this type do not have the option of regulating the heat supply. Fuel combustion occurs continuously, so in the event of a power outage, the pump, which is responsible for the forced movement of the coolant, will turn off. But the heating will continue and the pressure will increase, eventually this process will damage the entire system.

To prevent such situations, several types of emergency schemes are provided that allow you to dump excess heat:

Emergency supply of cold water;
Connecting the pump to batteries or a generator;
Presence of a gravity circuit;
Additional emergency circuit.

It is worth paying attention to the principles of coolant circulation through the heating circuit. This principle is called gravitational, that is, the movement of liquids in the coolant occurs naturally, and the circuit will operate on the principle of forced circulation. In a natural circulation system, movement in a closed system occurs under the influence of the laws of physics; this process is determined by the difference in water density. This type of heating eliminates the consumption of electricity. The system has natural circulation and does not have automatic adjustment features. A pattern with natural movement is best suited for a small area.

Advantages of a natural circulation system:

Easy to install;
Independence from power supply;
Low cost;
Reliability of operation.

Forced circulation can ensure the creation of the necessary pressure due to the operation of electric pumps. The forced circulation circuit is very convenient to use, as it is controlled automatically provided there is a stable power supply. When using a forced-type scheme, you will be able to select separate temperature parameters for each room, which will be controlled by system sensors.

This system also has its Disadvantages:

The complexity of the strapping scheme.
Mandatory balancing of parts.
Maintenance costs are high.
Component parts are expensive.

If heating boiler installation will be performed on primary-secondary rings, then the presence of a large number of fastening and connection elements is not required, but instead they will require the installation of pumps on heating rings. The system, which will consist of rings, together with the floor-standing boiler, will need to be supplemented with combs - heating manifolds, to evenly distribute the coolant supply to the heating elements.

Single-circuit and double-circuit heating boiler.

It has a fairly simple operating principle. During installation, it is connected to the chimney. For the normal functioning of the system, the presence of normal natural draft is sufficient.

Often install single-circuit boilers, which in their design have an open combustion chamber, which requires the creation of certain conditions in the room.

During its operation, the boiler uses air from the room. That is why it should be installed in a separate room. It is worth noting that when a single-circuit boiler operates, substances and gases harmful to the human body accumulate, this is the main reason for the need to equip a room with a boiler with a chimney or hood. If all the above conditions are created, the risk of explosion will be eliminated and will also ensure the safe use of the equipment.

differs from its single-circuit analogue in its universal purpose: it maintains the coolant temperature in the heating circuit and heats water for domestic needs. Single-circuit generators can also indirectly heat water. The heat transfer process is carried out during the passage of the coolant through the secondary heat exchanger.

The main difference between a double-circuit boiler and a single-circuit boiler is the direct transfer of thermal energy to water. The main feature is that when hot water is consumed, the coolant is not subject to heating, and parallel operation of two circuits is excluded. Practice shows that the operating mode of the boiler is not important for houses with high-quality thermal insulation, it follows that with thermal inertia, the heating circuit will be the same for any type of heating. An impressive volume of hot water can be obtained by combining a single-circuit design and heating columns.

Double-circuit boiler It should not be designed in combination with a natural circulation system, since after the heating of the coolant stops, the movement of the liquid quickly stops. The secondary heating process takes quite a long time, and the heat in the radiator is distributed unevenly.

The main advantage of the scheme is the ability to work in natural circulation mode. The booster of the collector in this case is a pipe through which the coolant moves to the upper filling.

Schematic diagram of heating boiler piping.

It is important to understand that heating efficiency will directly depend on the accuracy of the connection. The general wiring diagram for heating boilers of various types, including solid fuel and condensing types, is quite simple, and looks like this:

Boiler;
Radiator;
“American” nuts - for connecting the boiler to the heating system;
Ball valves - to disconnect the boiler from the system;
Filters for cleaning - will protect against non-standard water fractions;
Thermal heads, tees, Mayevsky taps Angles and tees;
Valves: straight through, separating, air and safety;
Expansion tanks;
Heat meter;
Pressure gauge, thermometer, hydraulic separator, circulation pump;
Clamps and other fastening parts.

Everyone knows that when heated, the density of water changes and it expands. In this case, pressure begins to increase, which can lead to an explosion. If there is an expansion tank, excess coolant goes into it.

The size of the tank also matters; it should be borne in mind that expansion tanks differ in purpose and color (a red tank is used for the heating system). When connecting the heating system, it is necessary to create the required pressure in the tank - the factory parameters usually do not correspond to the norm.

Safety valves, air vent and circulation pump.

Not used with an open heating system. The main purpose of the valve is to protect the boiler from damage in the event of a sudden pressure surge in the system. As a rule, the valve is forgotten or a model or safety group with other characteristics is installed. As the valve responds, some water will naturally be released from the system, providing pressure relief and protection.

It must be installed immediately after installing the boiler, this is necessary to avoid “airing the system”. The air vent must stand strictly vertically upward. If the air vent begins to leak, a shut-off valve is installed in front of it for ease of replacement with a new one.

It will work properly only when the axis is in a horizontal position, and this position will significantly extend the “life” of the bearings. The pump mechanism should be protected from external dirt and debris.

Errors when piping heating boilers.

Attention: An incorrectly calculated boiler power will not be able to provide the required level of heating. The power must exceed the heat transfer parameters according to the formula 1 kW x 10 m 2, since in cold weather heat quickly disappears through windows and doors. A large boiler will be able to heat the system faster and, naturally, will consume more resources, but will turn on less often. You should also not forget about the flow of fresh air into the room in which the boiler operates; this is necessary for the combustion process and especially applies to a small area.

Conclusion: Competent installation and accurate calculations of the heating boiler power will help create maximum comfort for living in a country house at any time of the year.

The piping of a single-circuit gas heating boiler depends on the number of connected devices. The simplest scheme includes the boiler itself and the radiator system. If desired, you can add an indirect heating boiler, a “warm floor” system, heated towels, etc.

The piping of a single-circuit unit may include:

a gas boiler;
radiator system;
safety valve;
expansion tank;
air vent;
circulation pump;
indirect heating boiler;
hydraulic arrow;
coarse filters.

Safety valve necessary to relieve excess coolant in the event of an increase in pressure in the circuit. Otherwise, it may lead to pipe rupture. Excess water is discharged through the drainage pipe into the sewer system.

Most gas units have their own expansion tank– it is necessary to compensate for the increased volume of water or antifreeze in the heating circuit. The volume of the membrane tank should not be less than 10% of the amount of coolant. If the heating system is too large and the built-in expansion tank is not enough, then purchase another one and include it in the piping.

Air vent serves to prevent the appearance of air pockets in the circuit that may remain after draining the coolant.

Indirect heating boiler it is installed so that a single-circuit gas boiler plays the role of a double-circuit one and can produce hot water in addition to heating.

Circulation pump they are included in the piping if the existing analogue in the gas boiler does not provide sufficient coolant pressure in the system. The power consumption of the pumps ranges from 50 to 200 W - it can be changed if necessary.

Hydroarrow is a tube with pipes for connecting several circuits. This piping element allows you to connect circuits with different pressures and coolant temperatures into one system.

Coarse filter placed on the water supply pipe to the gas boiler. It protects the heat exchanger of the unit from debris and dirt from the heating system, which can damage it.

As for the location of all decoupling elements, the safety valve and air vent are usually combined into one safety group. It is placed at the coolant outlet from the boiler, where the pressure and temperature are maximum. The pump is installed in front of the unit in a place where the coolant temperature is minimal. The expansion tank can be installed at any point in the circuit at some distance from the pump.

What pipes are suitable for piping?

To connect the boiler and heating wiring, it is better to take metal-plastic or polypropylene pipes. They will cost less than galvanized or copper counterparts.

Consistent wiring of radiators is carried out using metal-plastic pipes on press fittings or polypropylene pipes with aluminum reinforcement. However, each of these options has its own drawback. Press fittings are sensitive to the quality of installation and leakage may occur at the slightest displacement. Polypropylene has a high elongation coefficient when heated to more than 50°C. For wiring the “warm floor” system, metal-plastic with press fittings, polyethylene or thermally modified polyethylene are used.

Note! It is advisable to install ball valves at the inlet and outlet. This will allow you to remove the heat exchanger or gas boiler without draining the coolant.

Piping diagrams for a single-circuit gas boiler

The wiring diagrams for a single-circuit gas heating boiler are as follows:

piping a single-circuit unit with natural coolant circulation;
piping of a single-circuit heating boiler with forced circulation;
connecting a gas heating device with an indirect heating boiler.

Any single-circuit boiler has three pipes to which they connect:

supply of heated coolant from the unit to the radiators;
gas main;
return of cooled liquid from radiators to the gas boiler.

The piping diagrams for a wall-mounted single-circuit gas boiler are identical to those for the same floor-standing unit.

Piping a single-circuit boiler with natural coolant circulation

The system of a single-circuit gas boiler with natural circulation of coolant is completely energy independent. The safety group is represented only by the expansion tank. It is recommended to install a vent in front of the heat exchanger to be able to completely drain the water. Any plastic or metal container with sufficient tightness can be used as a membrane tank.

To ensure the natural movement of coolant through a non-volatile system, an expansion tank should be installed at the top point of the circuit, and a gas boiler at the bottom. The bottling is installed with a constant slope so that the coolant can rise to the expansion tank and then go down to the heating unit. The height difference between the radiator elements and the heat exchanger creates hydraulic pressure.

Note! To ensure the required coolant pressure in a gravity heating system, the internal diameter of the pipes must be at least 32 mm.

If desired, a pump can be included in the piping of a non-volatile system, which will accelerate the coolant when electricity is available. It is connected parallel to the main system and is cut off with a ball valve or check valve. When the pump is turned off, the valve or tap is closed, after which the coolant continues to circulate naturally.

Piping of a gas unit with forced circulation

The most popular is the piping of a single-circuit gas boiler with forced circulation of coolant. It is the simplest and most convenient to use. This scheme includes a circulation pump, which ensures the movement of coolant through the system under pressure. However, the pump can only operate on electricity, otherwise the system will not be able to function.

Piping a single-circuit boiler with a boiler

In order for a single-circuit gas boiler to produce domestic hot water, it must be connected to an indirect heating boiler. It contains its own heat exchanger, which acts as a secondary circuit. The coolant that comes from the gas boiler circulates through it.

The boiler is connected to the supply and return pipes of the gas boiler parallel to the heating system. Water pipes are also connected to the storage tank, through one of them cold water enters the boiler, and through the second hot water comes out.

Why is it so important to piping the boiler according to all the rules?

Many owners who decide to piping a gas boiler with their own hands underestimate the importance of the rules for its implementation. But a properly made harness can:

prevent airing;
get rid of sand, salts and rust;
do not allow the maximum permissible pressure in the system to be exceeded;
compensate for excess thermal expansion;
make it possible to connect several circuits.

Correctly executed piping ensures reliability, good performance and safety of the entire system.

Recommendations for piping a single-circuit gas boiler

To avoid mistakes when piping a single-circuit gas boiler, you should follow certain recommendations:

When piping a new gas boiler and an old system, you should thoroughly flush the pipes and radiators so that accumulated deposits do not reduce the heating efficiency.
Filters are usually placed on a horizontal section of pipe in front of the unit. You need to place them so that the drawn arrow coincides with the direction of movement of the coolant. The sump should be located at the bottom so that dirt does not clog the filter itself.
Connections between pipes and branch pipes should be made using American couplings.
Shut-off valves and a check valve must be installed in front of the supply pipe entering the boiler, and a circulation pump must be mounted on the return line.
The main gas supply should be made using a rigid or flexible metal pipe. To seal the connection, use only a paronite gasket.

Note! If there are interruptions in gas and electricity supply in your locality, then an emergency operation mode should be provided. In case of a power outage, it is advisable to have a gasoline generator that can power the heating equipment until the power supply is restored. If there are problems with gas, you can turn on an electric boiler.

Connecting several boilers to one system

In regions where there is an unstable supply of gas or electricity, they resort to installing two boilers, for example, solid fuel and gas. Two units can operate according to different schemes:

Serial connection - a thermal accumulator is installed between the units, into which heated coolant is supplied from the solid fuel boiler. Then it is sent to the system with a gas device, and then distributed to consumers.
Parallel connection - in this case, the operation of the solid fuel unit is controlled by safety sensors. A three-way valve is also installed, with which you can turn off any of the units.

Multi-circuit heating systems are equipped with hydraulic distributors that compensate for pressure differences and balance coolant flows. Sometimes it is possible to organize a system without hydraulics, then the pressure is regulated by balancing valves.

If you are interested in how to properly piping a gas heating boiler, the diagram given on this page will help you understand this issue. A few comments on the diagram and a few additional photos will also add clarity.

Piping refers to pipes and mechanisms designed to supply coolant from the boiler to the radiators. This is almost the entire heating system, with the exception of the batteries.

The system consists of many components, but even a non-professional can install the simplest boiler piping. But if you need a complex circuit, it is better to contact an experienced craftsman.

It is better to install the boiler in a separate room, for example, in an outbuilding, boiler room or basement, because piping involves additional pipes and mechanisms, which is not always convenient. However, if there is not enough space, heating equipment is installed in the house

The choice of piping scheme for each specific house depends on the type of boiler, construction features, and type of heating system.

Image gallery

This equipment is valued for its energy independence. It is popular in areas where there is no centralized gas supply. Most solid fuel models are not equipped with circulation pumps, and this is taken into account when choosing additional devices and wiring diagrams

Electricity is an expensive resource. Operating even the most economical electric boilers is more expensive than heating with any other fuel. Otherwise they are flawless. When choosing a wiring diagram, take into account the presence/absence of an automatic control unit and the need to ground the equipment

Over the past decades, natural gas has remained the most profitable fuel. Connecting a house to a highway involves some bureaucratic procedures, but the effort pays off. When arranging the boiler piping, care should be taken, because fuel is explosive

The advantages of liquid fuel equipment are high efficiency, full automation, versatility (you can replace the burner and heat the house with gas). To install such a boiler, no approvals or permits are required. The wiring diagram should take into account the need to install a fuel tank

Any gas equipment is dangerous. Incorrect connection is fraught not only with heating problems, but also with explosions and destruction, so it is necessary to strictly follow the rules and regulations and comply with safety requirements. The main documentation that is relied upon when installing a gas heating system is SNiP.

The main unit of the system is the boiler. The piping scheme is chosen based on its type, location (wall-mounted or floor-mounted model), design features

It is necessary to carefully plan the heating scheme, the location of equipment, and the features of laying pipelines.

The boiler piping performs several significant functions at once:

Pressure control. If the piping is installed correctly, thermal expansion is compensated, which means that the pressure in the system will not increase to critical levels.
Removing air. Air bubbles form plugs, which reduces the efficiency of water heating: radiators do not warm up completely, but resource consumption remains the same. High-quality boiler piping is necessary to prevent this problem.
Preventing blockages in the system. If the boiler is not properly sealed, the risk of scale formation in radiators and pipes increases. Small debris in the coolant pollutes the system, which leads to excessive fuel consumption and increased heating costs while simultaneously reducing its quality.
Possibility of connecting other circuits. You can install an underfloor heating system and a storage boiler.

In many ways, heat supply depends on the correct connection of the boiler to pipelines and other important components, so the gas boiler piping scheme must be carefully thought out and installed as efficiently as possible.

When installing a radial system, collector cabinets are installed where most of the boiler piping mechanisms can be mounted. It's convenient and practical

A correctly selected and installed boiler piping will last for many years without accidents or repairs, and its cost will be optimal.

Features of connecting solid fuel boilers

Choosing a location for a solid fuel boiler

Such equipment cannot simply be turned off, like gas or electric. If loading has been carried out, then nothing will change until the fuel burns out completely. Therefore, with such piping it is necessary to provide protection systems. They can be of several types:

Using tap fluid. To implement this option, a special device is purchased. In appearance it resembles a heating element. It is built into the heat exchanger; some manufacturers specifically provide an additional input for such solutions. After this, running water is supplied, and the outlet pipe is lowered into the sewer. The essence of the method is that when the circulation pump stops working due to a lack of electrical energy or a breakdown, a valve opens, which lets in cold water; it, passing through the coil, takes away part of the temperature, and is then discharged into the sewer. The process continues until the fuel is completely burned out. In some situations, this method will be ineffective, because when the lights are turned off, the pressure in the water supply also disappears.
Uninterruptable power source. Today there are various options available. Most of them support connecting external batteries. The duration of operation will depend on the selected battery capacity. In this case, the pump is connected to the network via a UPS. As soon as the electrical energy is lost, a device comes into play that keeps the pump operating until the power supply to the house is restored or until the batteries are discharged.
Small gravity circuit. It involves circulation of the medium in a small circle that does not require the use of a pump. It is made in compliance with all slopes and pipe diameters.
Additional gravity circuit. This option implies the presence of two full-fledged circuits. At the same time, when an emergency situation arises and forced circulation disappears, hot water, under the influence of physical laws, continues to flow into the second circle, giving off temperature to the heating devices.

Boilers of this type do not have the function of regulating the heat supply. The combustion of fuel cannot be interrupted, therefore, in the event of a power outage, the pump responsible for the forced movement of the coolant will stop. However, heating will continue and pressure will increase. The developing process will disable the entire system. To eliminate such moments, several types of emergency circuits are provided that allow you to dump excess heat. This:

Timely supply of cold water.
Connecting batteries to the pump.
Presence of a gravity circuit.
Additional emergency circuit.

For solid fuel boilers, the piping plays an important role - a high-quality connection will allow you to create a self-regulating system. Therefore, it is better to entrust the subtleties of installation to the skillful hands of specialists.

It is necessary to pay attention to the principles of coolant circulation through the heating circuit. This -

coolant and circuit with

A distinctive feature of these types is the presence or absence of a unit that forces hot water to move.

In a natural circulation system, movement in a closed system occurs under the influence of the laws of physics. The process is determined by the difference in water density. This type of heating eliminates the consumption of electricity.

A system with natural circulation cannot be automatically regulated, and this will require pipes with a larger diameter, which will affect the interior of the room and increase the cost. If the network is subject to periodic voltage drops, this type of heating arrangement would be the best option.

Advantages of a natural circulation system:

Easy to install.
Independence from electricity supply.
Budget option.
Reliable operation and operation.

Forced circulation ensures the creation of the necessary pressure due to the operation of electric pumps. The forced circulation circuit is comfortable because it is controlled automatically provided there is a stable power supply. For each room, it is possible to select separate temperature parameters controlled by system sensors.

Disadvantages of the system:

Complex strapping scheme.
Inevitable balancing of parts.
Expensive service.
High cost of components.

Any installation system requires a certain number of additional parts. The installation option on primary-secondary rings does not imply a large presence of fastening and connection elements, but instead of them, installation of pumps on heating rings will be required. The system, consisting of rings, together with the floor-standing boiler, is complemented by heating combs-collectors, which evenly distribute the supply of coolant to the heating elements.

I'll start with a small lyrical digression.

Heating systems with water as a coolant are divided into:

Open and closed;
With forced circulation and gravity.

What does this division mean?

Open and closed

An open expansion tank is installed at the top point of the open circuit.

Open expansion tank.

It combines three functions:

Allows you to add water, compensating for its leakage and evaporation;
Accommodates excess water during its expansion accompanying heating;
Serves to remove air pockets.

A closed system does not communicate with the atmosphere and operates with excess pressure. Its main problem is that when heated, the coolant increases in volume and may well rupture pipes and heating devices.

Rupture of a polypropylene heating pipe.

The operation of a heating system with forced circulation is ensured by a circulation pump - a low-power device with a screw or centrifugal impeller mounted on the shaft of an electric motor. It provides a sufficiently high flow rate in the pipes and, accordingly, fast and uniform heating of heating devices.

Circulation pump.

The Achilles heel of forced circulation is the energy dependence of the pump. In conditions of short-term outages, the situation can be saved by an uninterruptible power supply, but in the event of a prolonged absence of electricity, the heating will cease to perform its functions.

A system with natural circulation, which is ensured by the difference in the density of cold and hot water, does not have this drawback.

The principle of its operation is extremely simple:

Water heated in the heat exchanger of a heating boiler (usually solid fuel) is displaced through the accelerating manifold into the upper part of the circuit by colder coolant masses;
From there it moves by gravity along the circuit, gradually releasing heat through the radiators;
The cooled water is returned to the heat exchanger, and after it is heated, the cycle repeats.

The principle of operation of the gravitational system.

Introduction to the theory is completed. Let's move on to practice.

When building autonomous heating at home, it is important to properly think through and perform the wiring of gas, solid fuel and electric boilers. Let's look at possible circuits and piping elements, talk about classic, emergency and specific circuits, as well as the main equipment of these circuits.

The basic principles of piping a boiler of any design are safety and efficiency, as well as the maximum service life of all elements of the heating system. Let's consider various options for organizing heating in order to make an informed and most suitable decision for a particular case during individual construction.

The single-pipe system is widespread in older apartment buildings. The water temperature from radiator to radiator is constantly decreasing, which leads to an uneven supply of heat to individual rooms. In a two-pipe system, the coolant is distributed evenly across all radiators; when it loses temperature, it enters the second pipe - the “return”. Thus, the two-pipe system provides the house with heat more evenly.

1. Single-pipe wiring diagram. 2. Two-pipe wiring diagram

The simplest wiring of a gas heating boiler, the diagram of which is presented below, will be valid for gas heat generators. which combine several devices in their housing:

A gas burner that burns supplied main or liquefied natural gas.
The heat exchanger of a gas boiler, which is heated by the burner and transfers the heat of the burned gas to the coolant.
Safety group built into the boiler body.
An expansion tank built into the boiler body is an expansion tank.
The circulation pump of the heating system is built into the boiler body.

Almost all piping in this case consists of connecting the supply pipeline and return pipeline to the boiler.

When such piping of a gas heating boiler is implemented, the scheme will be working as soon as you hang the boiler on the wall and connect the heating system pipes to it. Of course, if you have a main gas supply or a gas holder installed.

If you have a double-circuit gas boiler installed. then by supplying cold tap water to its second circuit, you will receive hot water for DHW at the output.

The main goal of any heating system is to make the microclimate in the house favorable and comfortable. In order for heat to be evenly distributed throughout the apartment, you need to properly organize the water heater connection diagram. The piping diagram for a double-circuit gas boiler will help connect the equipment to the water supply system and distribution networks in accordance with the rules and regulations.

What is harnessing, its tasks and types
Tying according to the scheme with natural circulation
Forced circulation heating system
Piping using a backup boiler

Introduction

The heating system, in addition to the solid fuel boiler, contains many more elements. Correctly connecting and setting up all elements of this system is not an easy task. In this article we will analyze various connection schemes, weigh the advantages and disadvantages of each of them, and analyze various nuances and subtleties. I hope this article will help you safely and effectively tie up a solid fuel boiler with your own hands.

Heating schemes

Introduction

The easiest way is to piping a solid fuel heating boiler - a scheme with natural circulation. It does not require power supply. Water circulation is carried out by gravity. That is why it is also called gravitational.

Photo 2: Gravity-type strapping diagram

The solid fuel boiler is located at the lowest point of the circuit, and the heating device (for example, a radiator) is at the top. The boiler heats the water, which rises through pipes to the radiator, where it transfers part of its heat to the room and at the same time cools. The cooled coolant goes down and the circle closes.

The more the temperatures in the forward and return lines differ, the higher the speed of water movement along the circuit. But unfortunately, it is difficult to achieve a big difference since the temperatures in the supply and return lines are limited by the technical characteristics of the solid fuel boiler “Don” 16, as well as by the safe conditions of its operation. Therefore, to ensure better circulation, larger diameter pipes are used.

To protect against overheating, a special circuit is used, which ensures circulation of the coolant and heat consumption in any case.

Protection against the formation of excess pressure is provided by the expansion tank. There are two types of them: open and membrane type. The disadvantage of using open tanks is that the water in it is enriched with oxygen, which in turn causes corrosion of the steel parts of the solid fuel boiler. That is why, most often, open tanks are used in conjunction with cast iron boilers and radiators.

Photo 3: Self-piping of a solid fuel boiler

To provide hot water supply, a heating tank is used. For safety reasons, it must be equipped with a thermostatic mixer at the hot water outlet. The function of the mixer is to bring the water temperature to values that prevent scalding. The requirements for the location of the heater are the same as for other heating devices - i.e. above the level of the solid fuel boiler.

The main advantages of such a scheme are the simplicity of its design and energy independence. The main disadvantage is that during a cold start, until all the water in the circuit is completely warmed up, the temperature in the return line will be below the permissible level. This negatively affects the service life of, for example, steel heating boilers using solid fuel “Sibir” KVO. Disadvantages also include poor controllability and low energy efficiency.

The likelihood of overheating increases if the heating devices in the room are set to low heat consumption.
If there is no power supply, the circulation pump will no longer be able to perform its function, and therefore the movement of the coolant will stop. This can also lead to overheating.

For example, in order to reduce the risk of an emergency increase in temperature in the heating system, Trayan solid fuel pyrolysis heating boilers are equipped with external or built-in emergency heat exchangers.

The inclusion of storage tanks in the piping scheme allows you to accumulate excess heat and release it into the heating system as needed. This solves several problems:

In case of low heat consumption, excess hot coolant is accumulated for later use.
With low heat consumption, the solid fuel boiler still operates at rated power.
Allows the use of higher power devices.

Proper installation and correct power calculations will help create maximum comfort for living in a country house at any time of the year.

Automatic relief valve. In appearance it may resemble a structure similar to a valve or a small barrel with a nipple at the top. In order to find out whether it is in the design of the device, you need to look at the design features of the connection pipes; usually it is located there.
Dirt trap. A special flask that allows you to remove unnecessary elements from the heating circuits that got there when the system was filling. It is installed in front of the boiler entrance. It is necessary to clean it periodically.
Coarse filter. Ordinary tap water is used. It is usually mounted at the entrance of the main line to the equipment.

What is a harness?

What is included in the strapping system?

Strapping options

Strapping elements

Other strapping elements

The boiler can be called the heart of the heating system. However, for the heating system to work efficiently, it is not enough just to choose the right boiler and connect it correctly. You will also need to choose the right heating scheme. If even one device is incorrectly connected, this will greatly affect the entire system. Therefore, it is important to consider what boiler piping means and what is the sequence of its installation.

What is a harness?

Essentially, this is all the equipment designed for the efficient operation of the boiler and the successful delivery of coolant to the radiators. Tying provides a number of advantages:

ensures optimal temperature in the heating line,
controls the amount of coolant in the system,
removes air from the line,
guarantees the safety of the boiler from overpressure,
prevents devices from becoming clogged with slag, squeaks and other debris,
controls the heating time of heating devices,
allows you to connect different heating circuits and set them to the required temperature,
effectively distributes heat across radiators.

So, it is clear that the piping provides the heating system with convenience, efficiency and safety.

What is included in the strapping system?

This includes various devices. Here is a list of the main elements:

expansion tank,
pump,
distribution valve,
balancing valve,
pressure gauge,
drain and ball valves,
valves (air, straight, check, safety),
filter.

Sequence of installation work

Regardless of the wiring options, its installation is carried out in the same sequence.

First, it is advisable to carefully read the instructions for all equipment and its characteristics. This is important so that during the installation of the heating system you do not have to run to the store and change the device.
Boiler installation.
Installation of expansion tank.
Choosing a location for the collector. Here you need to be careful not to confuse the supply line with the return line. This information is located on the device body.
Safety devices are installed on the supply line.
Next comes the installation of the pump.
Devices are mounted to the main line to improve the operation of the system: filter, air vent, taps, valves, control devices, and so on.

boiler piping with copper pipes
By adhering to this order, you can successfully piping the boiler.

Strapping options

There are 4 main and most common methods:

with natural circulation,
with forced
collector classic,
on primary-secondary rings.

To understand which wiring is best suited in a particular case, you need to understand the principle of each.

1. Stroke with natural circulation. This option is the simplest. Here, as the name suggests, there is no pump, and the coolant moves along the line thanks to physical laws. All settings are set manually, and you also need to monitor the operation of the system. In order for such heating to work properly, you need to consider some tips:

the pipe must have a large internal diameter (from 32 mm),
the boiler is installed below the radiators,
the slope of the pipes must be at least 5 mm along the coolant flow,
a minimum number of pipe turns so as not to interfere with the natural flow of fluid in the line.

Typically this method is used in populated areas with power outages.

2. Forced circulation. This type of strapping is the most common. It has many advantages. One of the most important is adjusting the temperature of each battery. The principle of forced circulation is that the coolant can flow through the main line at high speed thanks to the pump. The only drawback of this option is the pump’s dependence on electricity. When it is turned off, the pump also stops working. However, there are 2 ways to solve this problem:

installation of a bypass pipeline (bypass), which will enable the system to switch to natural circulation;
arrange a high-quality emergency circuit, thanks to which it will be possible to dump excess heat;
install an autonomous power supply system (uninterruptible power supply).

Thus, the disadvantage of this wiring is solved inexpensively and quickly.

3. Collector wiring. Although this heating option is the most expensive and difficult to install, it is the most efficient, convenient and energy-saving. Its essence is that all pipes from the boiler pass through a special device called a manifold. This unit contains various valves, taps, air vents, measuring devices, and so on. There is a separate wiring from the collector to other devices. There are a number of advantages that appear thanks to this method:

Each heating element is controlled separately from the manifold box, which makes it possible to turn off any one without disrupting the operation of the entire line.
The temperature is the same along the entire line.

Manifold wiring greatly simplifies the supervision and maintenance of the heating system.

4. Tying on primary-secondary rings. This method is more often used in buildings with many consumers. More than one circulation pump is used here. The essence of this wiring is as follows: pumps are connected to the small circuit where the heated coolant is located, which, if necessary, take this water to the consumer. There are 2 types of circuits connected to the boiler:

Mixing. Here, the temperature of the coolant is affected by how open the damper is.
Direct. In this case, the liquid is heated from the burner.

There are also 2 ways to connect circuits:

Two-way connection when the coolant is supplied by pumps.
In a three-way connection, each circuit has a separate tap and is connected to a boiler in which the coolant is heated.

However, we should not forget about the emergency circuit. It is necessary in those houses where boilers depend on electricity. When the lights go out, the heating will continue to work thanks to the emergency circuit. There are 4 options for this scheme.

Cold water is supplied from the water supply.
The pump switches to an additional power source (for example, a battery). When using this option, it is important not to forget to monitor the recharging of this source.
Installation of an additional circuit with natural circulation. This small circuit removes heat after the pump is turned off.
Simultaneous use of two circuits. When a branch dependent on electricity stops working, the natural circulation circuit continues to heat the room.

You need to choose a suitable scheme based on the type of boiler, access to electricity and the funds allocated for additional devices.

Strapping elements

Now it’s worth paying attention to the main elements that are used when piping the boiler. You should consider the installation features of each of them.

Boiler

It is very important to connect the boiler correctly. Not only the efficient operation of the entire heating system, but also the safety of people in the room depends on this.

cascade connection of boilers
First, a little about installing gas boilers. Since the connection is made to a pipe in which the gas is under high pressure, it is prohibited to connect this equipment yourself. Therefore, having purchased a gas boiler, the next step is to call specialists.

An electric boiler is not difficult to install. The difficulty is mainly related to setting up the automation.
Now about installing a boiler that runs on liquid fuel. It is better to have specialists do this. However, there are basic principles that must be taken into account for the successful operation of this unit:

Correctly install containers for used oil or diesel.
Provide the necessary conditions according to safety requirements. Neither the fuel nor the boiler should be close to flammable materials.
The burner is connected using a material pipe with a filter.
A pump can be connected to the system, which will provide a uniform supply of fuel.

For installing a solid fuel boiler, there are also useful tips that you should follow.

First you need to build a foundation. It can be made of clay or concrete. A sheet of iron or asbestos is placed on top of it.
Place the boiler below the radiators. This is especially important if there is natural circulation.
Then you should connect it to the chimney through a chimney. The connection must be sealed to prevent the release of carbon monoxide.
For better ventilation of the room, it is recommended to install a fume hood.

These are the basic principles to remember when installing a boiler.

Pipes

Pipes are an important component of the boiler piping. But it is not easy to decide which pipes to use, due to the fact that the popular options are metal-plastic and polypropylene. Therefore, it is worth paying attention to everyone.

Metal-plastic ones consist of 5 layers, which include 2 layers of plastic, 2 glue and 1 aluminum. The diameter of such pipes is from 16 to 63 mm. They have the following advantages:

increased ductility, which simplifies installation,
low thermal conductivity,
not subject to corrosion,
easy to repair,
no expensive installation tools needed,
good noise absorption.

However, like any material, metal-plastic pipes have some disadvantages:

mechanical pressure leaves a dent,
During installation, it is necessary to carefully check the connections for leaks.

Polypropylene pipes are made from polypropylene copolymer. This is an elastic but durable material. They have a fairly large diameter - up to 125 mm. These pipes also have both pros and cons. Let's first look at the strengths:

if water freezes in them, they do not collapse,
resistant to both acids and alkalis,
are not afraid of mechanical damage,
They are connected by soldering, which eliminates leakage over time.

If you pay attention to the shortcomings, you will see the following:

difficult to repair if damaged,
installation will require expensive equipment,
At high temperatures, pipes elongate.

Boiler room piping using polypropylene pipes
So, when choosing pipes for piping, you need to take into account your needs. If indicators such as diameter, frost resistance, resistance to damage, and reliability of connections are important, then polypropylene pipes are suitable. However, if resistance to high temperatures, ease of repair and installation are preferable, then metal-plastic wins here.

Other strapping elements

The expansion tank plays an important role in the system. It prevents the water, which has expanded from heating, from creating pressure on the components of the heating line. An open type tank is installed at the highest point of the system, in the outlet pipe. When installing a closed tank with a membrane, you should adhere to several principles:

choose a place free for access, near the highway,
installation is carried out on brackets and at positive temperatures,
first connect the measuring meter, and then the pressure reducer,
A safety valve is mounted on the flow pipe.

Installation of the circulation pump has the following steps:

it is placed near the boiler,
It is worth organizing a bypass on the main line, which will allow you to turn off the pump without disrupting the operation of the system,
installation of shut-off valves, filter and check valve.

Security group creates convenience and safety for heating control. It includes such devices as an air vent, a safety valve, and a pressure gauge. Here are some tips for installing it:

this group is mounted on a pipe that comes out of the boiler,
the boiler must be below the safety valve,
First install the pressure gauge, then the safety valve, and then the air vent.

These are the basic principles for installing the main elements of the boiler piping. It is important to remember that the entire system will work smoothly and without failures only if each of its components is taken seriously.