Rules for setting up a paint booth (Occupational safety abroad). Fire safety requirements for paint booths Automatic fire extinguishing system for paint drying booth

Painting booths are closed premises, so their equipment must be special. The main purpose of these structures is to carry out work on the creation of paint and varnish coatings for cars. In addition, these chambers are often designed to perform drying work after painting. In this case, they are called paint-drying. It is very important that during procedures in such devices, all fire safety requirements are observed, and sanitation and hygiene standards are also taken into account. These requirements include many points, in accordance with government regulations. In order to briefly understand the basic norms, we will dwell on the most significant of them.

The composition and dilution of all types of paint and varnish products must be done in isolated places near external walls with window openings, or in open areas. The supply of materials is carried out centrally, already in prepared form. Varnishes and paints should be placed in the workshop storeroom in quantities that do not exceed the needs of the shift. Dye containers must be sealed; Special places are reserved for it.

The premises themselves, intended for the dyeing processes and preparation of mixtures, must be equipped with their own supply and exhaust ventilation, as well as local suction systems in order to remove harmful fumes from all paint-containing devices, namely: baths for painting and dipping, pouring installations , posts where manual coloring is done, drying chambers, etc.

Fire safety requirements for paint booths

Painting is not permitted when ventilation is turned off.

If consumables are accidentally spilled on the floor, they must be removed immediately using sawdust, water, etc. Washing floors with flammable substances, including solvents, is not permitted.

Painting booths are made only from non-flammable materials and are equipped with special systems of local suction, which must be interconnected with devices that supply compressed air or painting material to the spraying devices. The paint injection tanks must be located outside the paint booths.

The painting process is carried out in an electric field, which means that the corresponding devices must have the necessary interlocking for protection, which will prevent the spraying devices from turning on in cases where local air removal systems are not working or the conveyor is stopped.

Premises and special areas in which work with flammable substances takes place, namely the preparation of mixtures and their application to objects, must be provided with ventilation to eliminate explosive vapors.

The air exchange rate is calculated according to the production design.

When using flammable substances, there should be a quantity at the workplace that does not exceed the needs of the shift. Containers with them should be opened only before use, and upon completion of work, closed and transferred to storage. Used containers must be stored in a specially equipped place located outdoors.

Work must begin in places that are furthest away from the exits of these premises, and in corridors - after the work is completed.

In general, it must be remembered that any chamber whose purpose is painting and drying must be well ventilated, and the equipment must be equipped with explosion protection. In addition, the units must have thermal insulation made from entirely natural mineral substances that have increased resistance to fire. A fire extinguishing system is also absolutely necessary. And finally, if a drying chamber is still present, then there must be a heat exchanger and a safety thermostat.

These are, in general, brief requirements for fire safety of painting booths.

According to requirements pp.7.29-7.31 DBN V.2.5-56:2010 Painting and drying booths must be equipped with automatic fire extinguishing systems.

Drying and painting booths have a number of features that should be taken into account when constructing fire extinguishing systems:

1. As a rule, these premises are fire and explosion hazardous and require the use of certified explosion-proof equipment, design and installation taking into account the requirements of the PUE;
2. The operating temperature in drying and painting chambers during operation can exceed 50˚ C, which does not allow the use of standard equipment with an operating temperature of up to +50˚ C (fire detectors and fire extinguishing modules) inside the protected premises;
3. Possibility of contamination of detectors during painting, which also does not allow the use of standard detectors;

Depending on the dimensions, characteristics of the equipment used, technological process and other features of painting and drying booths, the BRAND group of companies can offer several options for automatic fire extinguishing systems. The reliability and effectiveness of the automatic fire extinguishing system for painting and drying booths mainly depends on the type of detectors and the extinguishing agent.

When choosing the type of detectors, it is necessary to determine the primary signs of fire for the characteristic materials of painting and drying chambers - paint and varnish products and solvents, while false alarms should be eliminated as much as possible, taking into account the technological process. The most characteristic signs of fire according to the degree of occurrence are smoke, flame, temperature. The use of smoke detectors is excluded due to the likelihood of false alarms when painted. The use of standard point smoke and heat detectors and flame detectors is also not always possible due to the operating temperature exceeding the operating temperature of the detectors (during the drying process).

The BRAND group of companies offers solutions using a thermal linear detector of the TC series produced by Safe Fire Detection Inc. (USA).

Many years of experience in the production and implementation of automatic powder and gas fire extinguishing systems allows us to offer effective and economical turnkey solutions for the protection of painting and drying booths (supply of equipment, design, installation and commissioning).

Rules for arranging a paint booth (Occupational safety abroad)

According to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), the most common cause of fires during spray painting is improper booth setup—not properly separating the booth from other areas—using welders, grinders, cutting machines, and electrical equipment. NFPA Standard 33, included in the regulations of the US Federal Occupational Safety and Health Agency (OSHA), describes the requirements for the safe arrangement of paint booths. To avoid fires and respiratory tract injuries, these requirements must be strictly adhered to.

Location

OSHA and NFPA require that the spray booth be located at least 20 feet (6.1 m) away from any combustible materials and completely separated from other work areas. The spray booth must be constructed to certain standards, have a fire resistance rating of at least two hours, and must also be equipped with an individual fire sprinkler system,

Design

The structure of the spray booth should be made of cement, brick or steel. If the amount of work is relatively small, then you can use another non-flammable material, for example, aluminum. The design of the structure must be made in such a way that the chamber can be easily and safely removed, and the fumes must be directed towards the hood. More information can be found in OSHA Standards 1910.94(c) and 1910.107.

Electricity

All electrical and flammable materials within and at least 20 feet (6.1 m) from the chamber must comply with OSHA standards. Only recessed lamps that are covered by protective panels or portable lamps that comply with Class 1 hazardous location regulations are permitted in the spray booth and at least 20 feet (6.1 m) outside the booth. Open flames, heat sources, and spark-producing equipment must be at least 20 feet (6.1 m) from the spray booth or separated by a partition. Equipment and wiring inside the camera must also meet Class 1, Division 1 hazardous location codes. Wiring and electrical equipment located within 20 feet (6.1 m) of the camera must meet Class 1, Division 2 hazardous location codes. Finally , all metal parts of the camera must be properly grounded.

Ventilation

The spray booth must be equipped with a mechanized ventilation system designed to remove harmful fumes and airborne waste from the booth. The hood must be configured in such a way that the air does not circulate inside the chamber, but is pulled in the direction opposite to where the air enters. All ventilation system components—independent exhaust, fans, motors, belts, and exhaust ducts—must comply with OSHA Rule 1910.94(c)(5). If necessary, install additional ventilation to ensure painted surfaces dry properly; This will help prevent the build-up of explosive vapors.

Air flow and speed

OSHA Standard 1910.94(c)(6) specifies required minimum air speeds in paint booths, depending on the specific type of work being performed and the size of the booth. Refer to Table G-10 of this standard when developing camera design. In addition, remember that OSHA Standard 1910.94(c)(6)(ii) and Table G-11 state that hazardous vapors must be reduced to 25% of the LEL. If the worker is located downwind of the object being painted, he must wear a gas mask. The door to the chamber must be closed while spraying paint.

Air in the chamber

The air in the chamber must be constantly renewed; the air must be clean and fresh. Any door that admits clean, fresh air must be open during operation and air flow must not exceed 200 feet per minute (61 m/min). The air should not heat up from the inside. See OSHA Standard 1910.94(c)(7) for more information.

Type of object: Industrial facility (plants, factories, enterprises)

To protect these premises, it is planned to use a system based on the Bolid S2000M remote control, which includes:
- S2000-M – Control panel for APS, SOUE, APT;
- S2000-KDL – Two-wire line controller for monitoring the status and collecting information from fire alarm loops;
- S2000-SP1 – Signal and triggering unit for generating an alert signal;
- S2000-BKI – Display unit for displaying the current state of the system;
- S2000-ASPT – PPKUAS fire extinguishing system and sirens for centralized fire protection in one powder fire extinguishing zone.
installed in the office space.
3.1.3. To detect fire in technical premises, analog addressable smoke detectors DIP-34A are used, and IPR 513-3AM are used as manual fire call points. The use of these types of detectors makes it possible to localize the location of a fire with high accuracy.
3.1.4. To detect a fire in the fire extinguishing room, an automatic fire alarm is provided. In the protected premises, smoke fire detectors IP 212-141 and thermal fire detectors IP 103-5 are used, and IPR-55 is used as manual fire call points. These types of detectors are widely used in practice, have passed state certification and have proven their reliability and ease of maintenance in practice in premises for various purposes.
3.2.1. In the warning and evacuation control system, PKI-1 “Ivolga” are used as sound sirens. SOUE sound sirens must ensure the overall sound level, the sound level of constant noise together with all signals produced by the sirens, is not less than 75 dBA at a distance of 3 m from the siren, but not more than 120 dBA at any point in the protected premises.

The following products were used to implement the project

Introduction

Justification of the need for the use and type of APPP

Selecting the type of fire extinguishing installation

Installation design

Design of the ATP system

Layout of the main components and description of the operation of the APPP installation

Brief instructions for operating APPZ installations

Literature

INTRODUCTION

The wide scope of cultural, residential and industrial construction, changes in the structure of modern production, a high degree of concentration of material assets, and the transition to the construction of high-rise buildings require the use of effective fire protection measures. As experience shows, an effective direction in solving the problem of fire protection of national economic facilities is the mass introduction of fire alarm and fire extinguishing devices and systems. Early detection of a small fire by a fire detector and transmission of an alarm signal to the duty control panel allows the necessary measures to be taken in a timely manner and the fire to be eliminated at the initial stage of its development.

Fire protection systems are a complex of complex technical devices that ensure fire safety of people, technological equipment, material assets and building structures of buildings and structures. Such systems detect fires without human intervention, sound an alarm and extinguish fires at the initial stage of their development. They are an integral part of equipping modern buildings and structures with safety and labor protection equipment.

APZ systems are increasingly used in a wide variety of objects of various forms of ownership. The efficiency of APZ technical means is constantly improving and their specialization is expanding.

Modern APPP devices and systems widely use scientific advances in automation and electronics, ensuring their high reliability and efficiency.

Analyzing the facts of the increase in the occurrence of fires, it is not difficult to conclude that the rate of deployment of fire protection is lagging behind the rate of growth of materialized fire danger, which is expressed in new products, equipment, and technology machines. As a result, both the number of fires and the damage caused by them have a clear upward trend. Suppressing these trends requires significant material and human resources, including fire automatic equipment. These trends can be stabilized and even reduced if at all levels of fire hazard: at the stages of research and development, development, pilot production. Thanks to this, it will be possible to timely detect potentially fire-hazardous developments and take measures to eliminate sources of danger.

In this course project, I am developing automatic fire protection for a painting booth using flammable liquids (20x15x5).

JUSTIFICATION OF THE NECESSITY OF APPLICATION AND TYPE OF APZ FOR SPECIFIC PREMISES

All buildings and premises with a high fire hazard are equipped with fire automatics. There are two approaches to the issue of using fire automatics - deterministic and probabilistic.

Deterministic requirements for the selection of fire automatics are set out in regulatory documents - building codes and regulations (SNiP) and building codes of Belarus (SNB), as well as lists of designed, reconstructed and technically re-equipped buildings and premises of national economic facilities of republican ministries, departments and societies to be equipped automatic fire extinguishing and automatic fire alarm systems (by ministries). It is obvious that the deterministic method for determining the need for fire protection and its type is based on average indicators of the fire hazard of premises. In addition, it cannot quickly respond to new technological processes, changes in their modes, changes in the fire load in the premises, etc. Therefore, in cases where there is no regulatory justification for the need and type of APPP or when it is necessary to extend the provisions of the standard to new production, a probabilistic method based on is used.

The probabilistic approach to the use of fire automatics is based on compliance with the required level of ensuring fire safety of people and material assets. The basic data for the calculation are the classification of objects by explosion and fire hazard, characteristics of evacuation routes, critical duration of a fire, statistical data on fires. This method is based on complex calculations and is used much less frequently than the deterministic one.

In our case, it is necessary to justify the type of installation of the APPP for a painting booth using flammable liquids (20x15x5). The area of ​​the room is 300 m2. According to, which is a regulatory document in the Republic of Belarus, protection by automatic fire extinguishing installations is required.

SELECTION OF THE TYPE OF FIRE FIGHTING INSTALLATION

The type of fire extinguishing installation is determined by the selected fire extinguishing agent, extinguishing method and incentive system.

The choice of the type of fire extinguishing agent is made taking into account the compatibility of its properties with the properties of the substances and materials to be extinguished. Since a large number of books are concentrated in the library’s book depository, some of them are of historical value, it is necessary to choose the most effective fire extinguishing agent for successful fire extinguishing and preservation.

So, according to table. 4.1 the means for extinguishing substances and materials located in the painting booth using flammable liquids is water, water with wetting agents or low expansion foam.

We accept low expansion foam as the most effective fire extinguishing agent (including compatibility with flammable materials).

In case of fires in paint booths, the dynamics of fire development depend on the location and workload (availability of flammable liquids, paints and varnishes and the equipment used for painting). In the initial stage of fire development, there is a rapid increase in temperature, and then a rapid increase in the fire area. In this regard, in order to prevent further spread of the fire, it is necessary to supply low expansion foam into the paint booth space in the shortest possible time. The most appropriate would be the use of an automatic foam fire extinguishing installation (AUPP).

Knowing the dependence of the determining factor of a fire on the time of its development, it is possible to determine the maximum permissible time for detecting a fire by the incentive system and thereby select its type.

As follows from Fig. 1, the permissible fire detection time T obl.add., consisting of the time until the trigger threshold T por.srab. and inertia of the stimulus T in.pob. in the prevailing conditions of a real fire, is determined from the condition:

T obl.add = T por.av. + T in.pob.< Т пред. - Т ин.эл. -Т ин.мех.

where, T limit - maximum permissible time of fire development,

T in.el. , T in.mech. - respectively, the inertia of the electrical system of the installation and the mechanical and hydraulic systems of the automatic control system.

The vertical axis in Fig. 1 shows the dangerous factor of fire development and its critical value, and the horizontal axis shows time. T ap.aup (aup actuation time).

The quantities included in the expression T obv.ad. are determined as follows.

Fig.1. Graphic model of fire development.

The maximum permissible time for the development of a fire is determined directly from the graph of the dependence of the fire hazard on time as the moment it reaches its critical value. The inertia of the electrical circuit of the installation is, according to experimental data, 1-2 seconds, the inertia of the mechanical and hydraulic systems of the fire control system depends on the type of installation, the type and method of supplying the fire extinguishing agent and can be approximately taken within 10-30 seconds. Actual time of fire detection T obl.fact. must be less than or equal to the value of T obl. add. It is determined for various types of stimulants depending on the conditions of development of a particular fire.

Based on the above, we accept the electric SPS as an incentive system.

INSTALLATION DESIGN

The fire extinguishing agent is supplied to the protected premises using sprinklers. Considering that the distance between sprinklers should be no more than 4 meters, the maximum area controlled by one sprinkler is 12 meters; the intensity of irrigation with a foaming agent solution of at least 0.15 l/cm 2 for placing a painting booth using flammable liquids (group 4.1.) (Table 1) determines that it is necessary to install 25 sprinklers.

The distance from the wall to the sprinkler is no more than 1.5 m. Pipelines should be designed from steel pipes with welded and flanged connections (clause 5.26).

Equipment for automatic water and foam fire extinguishing installations is located in a room that is separated from other rooms by fire partitions with a fire resistance limit of at least EI 45 and ceilings with a fire resistance limit of at least REI 45.

Control nodes on the first floor of the building. For foam fire extinguishing installations, it is necessary to provide a 100% supply of foam concentrate. Pumping stations must be located in a separate room of buildings on the ground floor. They must have a separate exit to the outside (clause 5.56). The pumping station room must be separated from other rooms by partitions. The station must be equipped with a telephone connection to the premises of the fire post with personnel on duty around the clock (clause 5.67).

Valves installed on pipelines filling the waste water tank should be installed in the pumping station premises (clause 5.71). Instrumentation and measuring rods must be installed in the premises of the fire extinguishing station to ensure visual control (clause 5.72).