Types and features of installation of cable wells. Installation of cable wells KKS Cable duct well KKS 2

Description

KKS 2-10 is a reinforced concrete well with dimensions of 135 x 103 x 156 cm, which has high structural strength, which allows it to withstand heavy loads during operation. This is an important element of underground utilities, providing free and safe access to communication lines for preventive maintenance and urgent repair work. The production of KKS telephone wells is regulated by strict standards, therefore ready-made designs They are easy to install, durable and can easily withstand the effects of various negative factors.

Product Description

Reinforced concrete telephone well KKS 2-10 is used in underground elements utility networks and plays an important role in construction, providing reliable access to communication lines and telecommunications. The design of KKS wells allows specialists to carry out renovation work, laying communication cables and preventive inspection. In particular, KKS telephone wells vary in size. The smallest size is marked KKS-1, and the largest KKS-5.

Product marking

For an example of marking telephone wells, consider “KKS-1-10-M-GEK”, where:

• KKS - cable network well;
• 1 - product size;
• 10 - installed under the pedestrian area;
• M - monolithic well;
• GEK - equipped with brushes and brackets (G - not equipped).

Product type characteristics

Size classification:

Length – 145 cm, width – 110 cm, height – 86 cm.

Length – 135 cm, width – 103 cm, height – 156 cm.

Length – 195 cm, width – 115 cm, height – 180 cm.

Length – 239 cm, width – 132 cm, height – 200 cm.

Length – 300 cm, width – 165 cm, height – 204 cm.

Reinforced concrete telephone wells are classified according to size and degree of load. Wells of this type have two load levels - 10 (under the pedestrian area) and 80 (under roadway).

Telephone wells KKS are the most important elements underground utilities and are responsible for convenient access to communication lines for their preventive maintenance and urgent repairs. KKS 2-10 is a high-strength model with dimensions of 135 x 103 x 156 cm, which is not afraid of heavy operating loads, since it is made of high-class concrete in accordance with current standards. The design also easily copes with negative environmental factors, is quite simple to install and is durable. All these characteristics determine its demand.

Question answer

- Delivery cost?
Delivery is calculated based on the distance of your facility, from the warehouse, as well as the tonnage and dimensions of the products.

-Where are you bringing it from?
Delivery is carried out directly from production. Production facilities are located throughout the central region, and before entering our network, they undergo strict quality control by the legal, accounting and quality departments.

- Where is the post office?
For the convenience of users, we have created a system for distributing the load on managers; if 1 person checks mail, this significantly slows down the work or even leads to the fact that read letters are lost. You can leave a request through the form at the top of the site “Leave a request”, it will go to a free manager and they will call you back within 5 minutes.

- You have mobile number?
For the convenience of users, we have created a system for distributing the load on managers; if a mobile phone is specified, then only 1 person can talk on it, and it will be difficult to reach him during the season.

- Why so expensive?
The price of a product consists of several components, the main one being the cost of the material, which determines the quality of the final product. There is also a markup from the factory and a markup from the trading company, we work on the terms of a dealer discount, so we don’t have a markup separate from the factory, we make money from the fact that the factory shares part of its profit with us, and we, in turn, provide the factory with volume to ensure uninterrupted operation .

- Why can’t you order less than 15 thousand? Do you work only in wholesale?
Some items are manufactured in nearby areas and shipping of these items adds significant cost to the product. We calculated that when ordering more than 15 thousand, the benefit from purchasing products from us becomes greater. If you have a small request for products that are manufactured in your area, it will be cheaper to purchase products at nearby factories. Unfortunately we have this moment There is not a single plant in the Moscow region that has passed our quality check.

- Where can I pick it up?
The products are manufactured in different factories, region and city, the manager can tell you, because the factory is different for each product.

- Why is delivery so expensive?
Delivery is calculated based on the distance of the object from the factory warehouse. The delivery cost is divided by the number of items based on the weight of the product; if you order 1 item, the entire delivery cost will fall on it, but if there are 10 items in the order, the delivery price will be equally distributed over these 10 items.

- Do you work with VAT?
Yes, the company Beton Project LLC works for OSNO and is a VAT payer. All prices on the website include VAT.

- Why is only the office listed on the website and not the plant?
We are a dealer of factories and operate at our office address. Because Our list contains a significant number of factories that have passed our inspection; it is not rational to post all the addresses of factories with products, which would complicate the search for the right factory. If you are interested in where this or that product can be exported, you can always check with the Manager or use our delivery.

- Do you have a warehouse in Moscow?
We do not have a warehouse in Moscow or the Moscow region, because... this will have a negative impact on the cost of the product because it will entail additional costs.

- What kind of plant? What is the name of?
The products are manufactured at different factories, you can always come to the factory and see for yourself the quality of our products. Also, if you have any doubts, you can pay for the products directly to the factory.

Wells are integral part communication cable ducts and are designed for tightening, installing and inspecting cables, eliminating cable damage, pulling loose or damaged cables, making electrical measurements of stray currents on the metal sheaths of cables, etc. without excavating the ground.

Wells are built at a distance of up to 150 m from one another. They are divided:

By design, dimensions and size ratio into standard and special;

According to the configuration related to the direction and number of pipeline channels, into passage, corner, branch and station;

According to the material: reinforced concrete (prefabricated and monolithic) and brick;

According to the load on the pedestrian part of the streets (vertical load from a roller weighing 30 tons) and on the roadway (vertical load from a trailer weighing 80 tons);

Shaped into oval, polyhedral and rectangular;

In terms of dimensions, there are five standard sizes: cable communication wells KKS-1, KKS-2, KKS-3, KKS-4 and KKS-5 and four standard sizes of station wells for 3, 6, 10 and 20 thousand numbers.

When determining the basic data of wells, the following requirements were taken into account:

The shape and dimensions of the wells must ensure convenient work during the construction, repair and operation of structures;

The design of wells should allow for the conversion of walk-through wells into corner and branch wells without fundamental alteration of the entire structure;

To create normal working conditions in a well, it is necessary that its height be at least 1600 mm, which corresponds to the average height of a person, and the width of the passage between cables (consoles) must be at least 600 mm;

Connecting and branching couplings on cables should be located on straight sections of cables, between consoles; for this purpose, the brackets are installed at a distance of 800 mm from each other;

The distance from the ends of the introduced pipes to the outer console should provide the possibility of moving half of the coupling or glove body along the cable during its installation or unsoldering; for this, the outer brackets are installed at a distance of 600 mm from the end in the KKS-3 - KKS-5 wells and at a distance of 300 mm - in KKS-1 and KKS-2;

The bending radius of the cables at the point of exit from the pipeline must be equal to the established dimensions according to the number of diameters of the cable being installed;

For ease of installation work and maintenance of cables, it is necessary that the vertical distance between adjacent cables be equal to 200 mm, and from the floor and ceiling to the cables - at least 300 mm;

The consumption of materials for the construction of wells should be minimal;

entry and exit from the well and the supply of cable into it through the hatch should be convenient.

Depending on the location of the wells and the direction of the pipelines, they can be station ones, constructed first from the cable shaft of the telephone exchange; walk-throughs constructed on straight sections of the sewerage route; corner ones, built at pipeline turning points; branching ones, laid out in places where the sewerage route branches into several directions.

Permissible deviations of the route for installing walk-through wells should not exceed 15°. Corner wells are constructed by turning the pipeline at an angle of 90° and, in some cases, at a slightly larger or smaller angle.

Wells of types KKS-1 and KKS-2 are built only as walk-through wells.

For corner wells, the designation index is supplemented with the letter “u” (angular), for example KKSu-3, and for branching wells with the letter “r” (branch), for example KKSr-5.

Previously, wells were called small, medium and large types, and underground boxes were called small and large types. In relation to the old names, the new types of wells correspond to: KKS-1 - a small type box, KKS-2 - a large type box,

KKS-3 - a small type well, KKS-4 - a medium type well and KKS-5 - a large type well.

The shape of the wells can be oval, oval with cut ends, octagonal with an oval profile, hexagonal and rectangular (Fig. 14). Currently, the most common is the octagonal shape, which greatly simplifies the production of wells in reinforced concrete plants.

14. Shapes of walk-through, branching and corner wells:

a - oval with cut ends, b - octagonal, c - hexagonal, d - rectangular

The main internal dimensions of the wells and the number of introduced pipeline channels are given in table. eleven.

Table 11. Main internal dimensions of wells and the number of channels introduced into them

Reinforced concrete and brick wells KKS-1 are built in a rectangular shape. Prefabricated and monolithic reinforced concrete wells KKS-2 are constructed in a hexagonal shape, and KKS-3, 4, 5 - in an octagonal shape, as well as an oval shape with cut ends.

Brick wells of types KKS-2, 3, 4 and 5 are laid out only in oval shape.

Station wells are built in mixed oval and multifaceted shapes.

The most common are prefabricated reinforced concrete wells, consisting of four parts (bottom, two wall rings and a floor) or two parts (a lower wall ring with a bottom and an upper wall ring with a floor). Monolithic reinforced concrete wells are constructed on site in accordance with design documentation.

Reinforced concrete prefabricated wells, with careful assembly of the elements and careful sealing of the seams, are quite strong and reliable. Their construction requires less time than the installation of other types of wells. However, the presence of seams (taking into account established tolerances according to the dimensions of reinforced concrete structures) increases the possibility of penetration of water and gases into the well and differences in the level of the plane of the walls. In this regard, solid reinforced concrete wells are the most appropriate, but their construction requires a longer time.

Brick wells are less durable and more permeable to water and gases, but during their construction it is easy to lay out any shape and create the required dimensions; this is of significant importance in cases where there are foreign structures nearby, as well as when the capacity of the sewerage unit is increased.

The prefabricated reinforced concrete well KKS-1 (Fig. 15) consists of two elements: the lower link and the ceiling on which the cast-iron hatch is installed.

The KKS-2 well (Fig. 16) is made up of lower and upper links with the installation of two reinforced concrete lining rings and a hatch on the latter.

Prefabricated reinforced concrete wells KKS-3, 4 and 5 (Fig. 17, 18 and 19) each consist of four elements: a bottom, two wall rings and a ceiling, on which lining rings and a hatch are also placed.

During the manufacturing process at the factory, niches made of unreinforced concrete are installed in the wall rings of walk-through wells. When constructing corner and branch wells, such niches are cut out and branch pipelines are inserted into them. A corner well is constructed from a walk-through well by attaching a corner insert to it on the side where the pipeline route turns. The corner insert consists of two reinforced concrete slabs (bottom and ceiling) and brick walls. It can also be made of two reinforced concrete halves.

If the need is great, specially designed corner wells can also be manufactured.

The branch well is assembled in a similar way from four reinforced concrete elements of a walk-through well and two corner inserts, attached to the sides of the sewerage pipeline branch.

Rice. 15. Reinforced concrete

well KKS-1: 1 - lower link. 2 - ceiling, 5-cantilever hook, 4 - hatch

Rice. 16. Reinforced concrete well KKS-2:

1 - lower link, 2 - upper link,

3 - lifting loop, 4 - lining ring, 5 - hatch. 6" - cantilever hook 7 - opening for pipe entry

Walk-through wells are installed on straight sections of the pipeline.

Currently, in connection with the upcoming supply of high-capacity TPP cables to the industry (up to 2400x2), issues of increasing the dimensions of the wells and some changes to their design data are being considered.

On pipelines with a capacity of more than 24 channels, wells of a special type are installed, the size and shape of which are determined by the specific conditions of the area. Such wells are most often made of brick.

With a pipeline capacity of 48, 60 and 100 channels, non-standard prefabricated reinforced concrete wells are constructed from standardized (standard) reinforced concrete elements (Fig. 20). The shape of such wells is rectangular with a constant width and any length that is a multiple of the width of the L-shaped wall block. Wells are assembled from several opposing wall blocks and reinforced concrete floor slabs. Special reinforced concrete walls with openings for pipe entry are installed on the end sides. Station wells are built first from the telephone exchange building, on one or both sides. Each station well is injected

pipelines, as a rule, from both sides of the street and from the cable shaft of the telephone exchange (Fig. 21). A single form of station wells has been developed for all telephone exchanges, and their dimensions depend on the number of cables being introduced and, therefore, on the capacity of the telephone exchange.

The station well consists of a concrete bottom, brick walls and a reinforced concrete floor with one or two hatches.

Cast iron hatches for penetration into wells are made round shape with a manhole diameter of 600 mm. Each hatch consists of a body (frame), upper cast iron and lower steel covers (Fig. 22). A locking device is installed on the bottom cover for attaching a lock. The hatches supplied in recent years have a vertical hole in the body to make it possible to check the gas content of the well without opening the covers.

Rice. 18. Branch reinforced concrete well KKSr-4:

1 - bracket with consoles, 2 - pipeline, 3 - lifting loop, 4 - hatch, 5 - lining rings, 6 - ceiling, 7 - wall ring, 8 - bottom

Rice. 17. Reinforced concrete corner

well KKSu-3:

1 - bracket with consoles,

2 - pipeline, 3 - lifting loop,

4 - hatch, 5 - lining rings,

6 - ceiling, 7 - wall ring.

8 - bottom, 9 - corner insert, 10 - niche

Hatches are manufactured in heavy and light types for installation on roadways and sidewalks of streets. The heavy type hatch is designed for a standard load of 100-103 N, and the light type hatch is designed for 29-30 N, accordingly the calculated load is 110X X 103 and 44-103 N, respectively. The mass of the hatches is 138 and 82 kg.

Previously, hatches were manufactured in round, oval, rectangular and square types. A small batch of hatches was made with a cast-iron second cover and a pressure screw, which ensured their tightness, but they were not widespread.

Fig. 19. Pass-through reinforced concrete well KKS-5:

1 - plug for fastening brackets, 2 - opening for pipe entry, 3 - lifting loop, 4 - hatch, 5 - lining rings, 6 - ceiling, 7 - wall ring 8 - bottom

Rice. 20. Atypical prefabricated reinforced concrete well from standardized

(typical) reinforced concrete elements:

1 - wall block, 2 - end wall, 3 - pipeline, 4 - floor slab, 5 - hatch

Rice. 21. ATS station well for 10,000 numbers:

1 - brackets with consoles, 2 - pipeline, 3 - ceiling, 4 - hatch, 5 - lining reinforced concrete rings, 6 - bottom, 7 - cables

Rice. 22. Cast iron hatch for cable wells for telephone sewerage, heavy and light

Rice. 23. Cantilever hook

1 - body (frame), 2 - upper cast iron cover, 3 - lower steel cover, 4 - locking device, 5 - handle, 6 - hole for checking the gas content of the well

Rice. 24. Well equipment details:

a - brackets KKU-130 (190) and KKP-130 (60) with console, b - console bolt, c - steel brush for fastening the bracket

Hatches of this type are still in use today.

To lay out cables, KKS-1 and KKS-2 wells are equipped with cantilever hooks (Fig. 23). Brackets are installed in wells KKS-3, 4 and 5, as well as in collectors and cable shafts.

made from strip (KKP) or angular (KKU) steel for fastening consoles (Fig. 24). The brackets are attached to the walls of the wells with metal brushes.

Rice. 25. Cast iron consoles 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 seats

The internal walls of the KKS-3 and KKS-4 wells are equipped with two brackets each, and the KKS-5 - with three brackets. In corner and branch wells, if necessary, brackets are additionally installed on the end walls and in the piers. In station wells, the brackets are installed on three walls, and in wells for automatic telephone exchanges for 6, 10 and 20 thousand numbers, in addition, in the middle part of the well with their reinforcement in the floor and ceiling.

Cast iron consoles (Fig. 25) are mounted on brackets using console bolts. At the same time, in wells with up to four channels at the base of the block, double consoles are installed, and in wells with up to six channels, triple consoles are installed. Consoles in larger areas are installed in cable cable

mines, collectors and atypical wells. At the bottom of all types of wells, except for KKS-1, metal earrings made of a steel bar with a diameter of 10 mm are installed (Fig. 26) for fastening blocks when tightening cables. In prefabricated wells, metal lifting loops connected to a reinforcement frame can be used for the same purpose.

One of the extremely undesirable phenomena in telephone cable ducting is the penetration of water into wells and channels

pipeline. Water causes damage to cables laid in sewers that have a leaky sheath, requires labor, time and money to cast it, contaminates wells and pipeline channels, and creates favorable conditions for corrosion of lead cable sheaths and complicates cable and sewer work. Therefore, waterproofing wells and telephone sewer pipelines is important.

Methods for constructing a sealed sewer system have been developed for a long time, but this problem has not been fully resolved. One of the most acceptable ways to create sealed wells is to construct them with the laying of several layers of waterproofing in the walls and bottom. In this case, when constructing a well, two supporting bottom plates are lowered onto the drained bottom of the pit, between which three layers of waterproofing are laid, ending on the walls of the well. The walls of the well are 100-150 mm above the level groundwater glued with two layers of waterproofing so that a joint is formed with sheets of waterproofing laid between the bottom slabs.

To protect against mechanical damage and a tight fit to the walls of the well, the waterproofing is supported from the outside with a wall 1/4 brick thick on cement mortar grade 50. The seams between the parts of the well are filled with expanding cement or cement mortar grade 100. After installing such waterproofing, the pit is carefully backfilled with soil, compacting tightly.

Other methods of waterproofing telephone sewers are also known: the use in the construction of monolithic devices, liquid glass, asphalt laid between the double walls of a well, etc.

The joints of some types of telephone sewer pipes, for example asbestos-cement pipes, are mated using asbestos-cement couplings filled with hot bitumen compound or sealed with rubber rings. However, this increases the dimensions of the entire block of pipes and the volume of excavation work, complicates and increases the cost of production and does not guarantee complete sealing of the pipeline due to the possibility of poor-quality sealing of individual joints and some displacement of the pipeline during subsequent excavations near the sewer with violation of the sealing of the joints.

More reliable is the use of polyethylene pipes, which, with careful welding of the joints, ensure complete sealing of each pipeline span from one well to another.

Sealing wells has proven more difficult due to the use of concrete structures or brickwork, presence of seams, sealing of pipe entry openings, installation of corner inserts and installation of hatches.

Due to the difficulty of sealing the entire complex of sewerage structures, wells, mainly located in soils with high level groundwater, often filled with water. To systematically remove water from wells, various devices have been developed to remove water as it penetrates into the well.

One of these methods tested the construction of a special concrete tank with a removable metal vessel in the center of the bottom of the well. The top of the device is closed with a metal grill, which protects the tank from large contaminants. The metal tank is a filter. In its side walls, at a certain height, there are holes inclined inward for water drainage, which also pass through the concrete walls. The water that gets into the well flows into a metal vessel. The silt contaminants present in it settle to the bottom, and clean filtered water seeps into the ground through the side holes. The metal vessel is periodically removed and cleaned of contaminants that have settled to the bottom. A certain amount of clean water in a metal vessel seals the well and prevents various harmful gases from entering it from below.

This method ensures the removal of surface water that has entered the well through the hatch and its upper parts, provided there is no high groundwater and good soil permeability. If the soil is saturated with moisture or if there is clay or other dense soil under the well, water will not drain, and this method is unacceptable.

It is more reliable to drain water from a well by using a special metal pipe inserted at one end into its bottom and the other into a city sewer drain or into the bank of a river or ravine.

The pipe under the bottom of the well has a certain bend, which ensures the well is sealed against gases entering it. The disadvantage of this method is the penetration of water and fecal fluids into the well in the event of a clogged city sewer and a rise in the level of waste or water in reservoirs and ravines.

Rice. 26. Earring for fastening the block when tightening the cable

Placing cables inside wells and collectors .

Co-location of communication cables, as well as power and control cables is allowed in wells and collectors

Layout of cables inside the wells

Wells must be (equipped with round cast-iron hatches of the light type in the pedestrian part and of the heavy type in the roadway of streets and driveways. The hatches must have an outer cast-iron cover and an inner one made of sheet steel, adapted for locking. To protect against possible ingress of surface waters, the joint of the inner hatch covers can be sealed with technical putty.

To be able to adjust the vertical elevation of the manhole cover according to the level of the road surface, special reinforced concrete rings are placed under the hatch or such rings are arranged with brickwork. Backing rings are installed on the floor slab over a layer of concrete 10-20 mm thick. The hatch is installed on spacer rings also over a layer of concrete with a thickness of 10-20 mm. The base of the hatch and its junction with the lining rings are coated with a layer of concrete 30-50 mm thick with crushed stone. In the roadway, the hatch must be tied to the ceiling reinforcement steel wire with a diameter of 4-6 mm. The total height of the manhole should not exceed 50 cm. The upper edge of the manhole in all cases should coincide with the level of the street cover or ground surface.

Wells of types KKS-1 and KKS-2 are equipped with cantilever hooks that are driven into the brick walls during their laying. In prefabricated reinforced concrete wells of these types, cantilever hooks must be pressed into the sockets left during molding, as a rule, before the wells are transported to the route.

The internal side walls of walk-through wells of types KKS-3, KKS-4 are each equipped with two brackets for fastening cable consoles, and type KKS-5 - with three brackets. Cast iron cable consoles with a number of places for cable laying from one to three are attached to the brackets using cantilever bolts.

In typical wells, when the number of channels at the base of the block is up to four, double consoles are used, and when the number of channels at the base of the block is more than four (up to six), triple consoles are used.

In corner and branch wells, it is also possible to install brackets on the end walls and partitions. In station wells for stations with 3000 rooms, brackets are installed on three walls, and for 6000, 10,000 and 20,000 rooms, in addition, a number of brackets are installed in the middle part of the wells with emphasis on the bottom and ceiling. Exact places Bracket installations are indicated in standard working (inspection drawings (cable ducting devices.

Brackets of the KKP type made of strip steel or KKU made of angular steel are fastened with ruffs that are pressed into the walls of reinforced concrete wells in the sockets left during molding, and of brick ones - during the process of laying the walls. In the lower part of the end walls of brick wells of types KKS-2 - KKS-5, earrings must be installed to secure the blocks when tightening the cables.

In prefabricated reinforced concrete wells, appropriate lifting loops connected to the reinforcement cage can be used as earrings.

Placing ruffs into prefabricated walls reinforced concrete wells, as a rule, must be produced where the latter are manufactured, before they are taken to the track. The brushes, brackets and inner hatch cover must be painted bitumen varnish or oil paint.

After completion of the construction of wells, all free channels entering them must be tightly closed with wooden or concrete plugs lined with pieces of rags. Occupied channels should be plugged with tow or rags and sealed with drying oil putty.

Cross section of a rectangular collector 1700x1800 mm:

1 and 2 - heat pipes; 3- telephone cables; 4-power cables

Cross sections of rectangular collectors:

A - 1900x2400 mm; b- 2700x3000 mm;

1- communication cables; 2- power cables; 3- heat pipes; 4- water supply

Cross section of a circular manifold with a diameter of 2800 mm:

1- water supply; 2- communication cables; 3- electrical cables; 4- prefabricated reinforced concrete structure; 5- heat pipes

Cross section of small type manifold (coupler):

1- heat pipe; 2- hot water supply; 3-gas pipeline; 4- power cable; 5- communication cable; 6-hydroprod

Cable wells (CC) are used in the construction of electrical and telecommunication networks as inspection tanks, inside of which coupling connections are located electric cable. The well provides free access to the network nodes, which allows for prompt maintenance and repair.

This article presents cable wells. We will look at their design, sizes and varieties, and also give instructions for installing such structures.

1 Reinforced concrete wells - features of production and application

Cable wells are components of prefabricated well structures, which are produced in accordance with the provisions of TU No. 45.1418-83. This standard contains requirements for the specification of elements, their typical drawings, features of production, storage and delivery technology.

All products have standard markings, consisting of designations of the type of structure, its size and method of reinforcement. Optionally, important design features, the mass of one section and the date of its production.

Reinforced concrete KK are prefabricated products consisting of two parts - upper and lower, each of which consists of horizontal ceilings (there is a hatch in the form of a round hole on the upper one) and half of the side walls. The holes for the hatch, regardless of the size of the well, are always made with a diameter of 600 mm.

On the walls of the structure, mounting earrings are provided (used to secure blocks when pulling cables) and brushes (for attaching brackets for equipment).

Depending on the shape, CCs are classified into round, square and prismatic. Depending on the location of installation, structures are divided into three types:

• stationary;
• corner;
• checkpoints.

KK permanent designs are used most often - this is the main type of wells for the installation of cable and utility networks, while designs of corner and pass-through configurations are used in individual cases, if it is necessary to lay networks in difficult terrain, with multiple turns within the same network, etc.

Data reinforced concrete products are produced in a factory using bench or aggregate-flow methods. Most often, the bench production method is used, the essence of which is to pour concrete into special matrices that form the final contours of the products.

For the production of CC, concrete corresponding to strength class B22.5 or grade M300 is used. It is permissible to use exclusively fine-grained inert fillers, the use of which makes it possible to achieve the specified frost resistance and water resistance of products.

Reinforced concrete frames are necessarily reinforced with a reinforced frame made of corrugated reinforcement or steel mesh. The frame is assembled using resistance spot welding, all metal elements pre-coated anti-corrosion primers. Due to reinforcement it is achieved increased strength and crack resistance of reinforced concrete wells, since the frame takes on all bending and tensile loads, to which concrete has low resistance.

The reinforced concrete tank, which is the main part of the structure, is equipped with ducts for cable entry (their size and number depend on the model of the well). According to the provisions of the technical specifications, the nozzles can be located anywhere, but the distance between them must be more than 5 cm. With protective cable sleeves, which are used as plastic pipes, the pipes are connected by extrusion welding, rubber cuffs or compression couplings.

Also included with each well is a lid that closes the hatch in the upper part of the structure. Ready-made cable wells can be coated with hydrophobic compounds, which prevents them from being damaged by groundwater

1.1 Model range of reinforced concrete wells

Reinforced concrete communication wells are marked KKS, there are 5 varieties in total - from KKS 1 to KKS 5, the numerical nomenclature in this case indicates the size of the structure (1 - the smallest dimensions and weight, 5 - the largest). Moreover, products KKS 1 and 2 have a 4-sided shape, while KKS 3, 5 and 5 have an 8-sided shape.

KKS wells, depending on the loads they are capable of experiencing, are classified into heavy and light. Heavy structures can be installed under travel areas, while installation of light-type KKS is possible only under pedestrian areas.

The presence of the “GEK” nomenclature in the product marking indicates that it is equipped with brackets and brushes; the “G” marking indicates their absence. Constructions of the KKS-2 standard are equipped with brackets made of KKP-60 steel and threaded brushes; KKS-3, 4 and 5 wells are equipped with exclusively shortened brackets made of UKP-65 steel, fixed to the brushes by welding.

Let's look at the typical sizes of different KKS models:

• well KKS 1-80 - 135*106*890 cm (length, width, height), weight - 1.25 t;
• well KKS 2-80 - 135*106*157 cm, weight 1.8 t;
• well KKS 3-80 - 195*116*181 cm, weight 2.6 t;
• well KKS 4-80 - 239*130*200 cm, weight 4 tons;
• well KKS -5-80 - 300*162*201, weight 5.4 tons.

If the customer purchased “bare” structures, he can purchase accessories for them - consoles (fastening elements for equipment) and brackets, separately. Such fittings are mounted in the viewing windows provided for it; for this you only need welding machine. The brackets are installed on ruffs, which in turn are welded into the mounting sockets.

In addition to cast iron consoles (marked ERSh), there are also metal consoles (KSO - steel optical console) designed for mounting optical couplings of the MOG-U and MOG-S types. Such consoles are mounted on the outer walls of the wells. In this case, the KSO consoles are fixed not on anchors, but directly on the walls of the structure. The distance from the ceilings is at least 10 cm, the distance between the consoles is more than 55 cm.

1.2 Installation of a reinforced concrete well KKS 3-80 (video)

2

IN Lately plastic ones have become widespread sewer wells for telecommunication networks. The popularity of such products is explained by a number of their operational advantages - light weight, long service life, complete tightness and resistance to groundwater, ease of installation and relatively low price.

Such products are marked KKT, KOD and KKTM; let’s look at their main varieties:

One of the advantages plastic structures is ease of installation due to their low weight. Installation begins with the development of a pit, the dimensions of which should be 20 cm larger than the dimensions of the well along each contour. Next, a foundation plate is concreted at the bottom of the pit; if the CC is mounted in the transport zone, the foundation is reinforced. Weight plastic products allows you to install them in the pit manually, without the use of lifting equipment. The housing is attached to the foundation plate using anchors or cables.

Telecommunications cables are connected to the well nozzles using compression couplings (must withstand a pressure of 10 atm) or push-in couplings (DIN 4060 standard). Upon completion of installation, backfilling well with a mixture of sand and cement (ratio 5 to 1) with layer-by-layer tamping every 20 cm in height.