The role of bacteria in human life presentation. The importance of bacteria to nature and human life © Voronkova G. N. teacher mbou "Verkhopenskaya school named after. m.r. Abrosimova" - presentation. Various types of bacteria cause food spoilage. Botulism is a disease in

BIOLOGICAL DICTANT 1) Primitive unicellular, nuclear-free organisms are ..... 2) Bacteria that have a spherical shape are called ..... 3) Rod-shaped bacteria are .... 4) Spiral-shaped bacteria are called ..... 5) Bacteria in the shape of a comma are called .... 6) Bacteria that feed on ready-made organic substances are ...... 7) Bacteria that feed on organic substances of living organisms are classified as ..... 8) In unfavorable conditions, bacteria form ......

Louis Pasteur (1822 – 1895) Founder of medical microbiology and immunology Studied lactic acid fermentation Discovered butyric acid bacteria (anaerobes) PASTEURIZATION method (up to degrees) VACCINATION method (vaccines against rubella, anthrax, rabies)

Pathogenic bacteria DISEASE is a consequence of the activity of pathogenic bacteria. Infectious diseases: -diphtheria, tuberculosis (with sneezing, coughing) -Dysentery, typhoid fever, cholera (through water), plague (flea bites) -Anthrax, tetanus, gas gangrene (soil getting into the wound) -Botulism (in canned food, meat, fish - without access to oxygen) - Plague, glanders, tularemia - OZ

Methods for assessing sanitary and epidemiological conditions. Spread of germs. Microorganisms. Indicators characterizing the microbial purity of air. Types of biocenoses. Characteristics of soil microflora. Microflora. Microbiological standards for drinking water. The importance of studying ecology. Properties of sanitary-indicative microorganisms. Indicators of the recency of soil contamination. Sanitary microbiology.

“Bacteria living in the human body” - Normal cohabitants in the body. Ticks. Skin. Dispersal of bacteria. Features of bacteria. Pathogenic bacteria. Diphtheria. Fighting pathogenic bacteria. Pathogens of particularly dangerous infections. Review of bacteria. Spiral-shaped bacterium. Flexibacteria. Causative agents of intestinal diseases. Interesting Facts. Irish scientists. Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis. Anthrax carriers.

“Structure of bacteria” - Permanent structures. Oxygen. Non-permanent structures. Organic compounds. The structure of a bacterial cell. Sizes of bacteria. Staphylococci. Heterotrophs. Reproduction of bacteria. The structure and activity of bacteria. Groups of real bacteria. Vibrios. Saprophytes. Study the structure of a bacterial cell. Cytoplasmic membrane.

"Kingdom of Bacteria" - Form of bacteria. Kingdom of Bacteria. Lactic acid bacterium, or lactobacilli. Clostridia. Nucleoid. Education dispute. What bacteria are capable of photosynthesis. Shigella dysentery. Streptococcus. Escherichia coli. Method of feeding bacteria. Test. Membrane. The role of bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus. Chemotrophs. Nostoc. Bacteria that cause disease. Autotrophs. Borya helped his mother fertilize the soil with manure. Reproduction of bacteria.

“The role of bacteria in human life” - The benefits of bacteria. E. coli. Cabbage. Streptococcus is a chain of cocci. Cocci are the simplest forms of bacteria. Bacteria are cooks. Flagellum. Cottage cheese. Bacteria cause food to spoil. Kingdom of bacteria. Elongated bacteria are called rods. Milk. Vibrio. Bacteria cause disease. Harm from bacteria. Write the word “bacteria” in your notebook and draw a crown. Are bacteria harmful or beneficial? Salted cucumbers.

“Bacteria in the human body” - Flexibacteria. Disease carriers. Fighting pathogenic bacteria. Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis. Features of bacteria. Symbiotic bacteria. Interesting Facts. Intermediate hosts of pathogenic bacteria. Causative agents of respiratory tract diseases. Compliance with personal hygiene rules. Pathogenic bacteria. Dispersal of bacteria. Skin. Species Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus. Normal cohabitants in the body.

Bacteria of putrefaction We are bacteria of putrefaction. Unfortunately, they don't like us. We spoil your products: Meat, vegetables and fruits. We spoil everything: paper, hay. But we are needed, undoubtedly: We are the Earth's orderlies. We work tirelessly. We work tirelessly. We turn those who go into another world into humus.

Soil bacteria Well done, but without us plants would not be able to live. Plants would not be able to live. After you, we turn the humus into mineral fertilizers. And here are Mineral. And then the Root will find them in the soil, The Root will find them in the soil, and transfer them to a green leaf. The leaf will create Organic food for all living things: For animals, humans, For animals, humans, For bacteria and fungi. Therefore, without further ado, admit it, We are the best.

Nitrogen-fixing nodule bacteria What kind of nonsense is this? What kind of laughter? We are special bacteria. Soybeans, clover, and astragalus trust us. We are very friendly with legumes. And it’s not for nothing that you called us affectionately nodule. You called us affectionately. We are the nitrogen of the free air We are the nitrogen of the free air Without fatigue, without rest We turn into ammonia. We are the best, aren't we?! We are the best, aren't we?!

Nitrifying bacteria In order to increase soil fertility, bacterial fertilizers created using bacteria of the genus Azotobacter and Nitrobacter are used in agriculture. In order to increase soil fertility, bacterial fertilizers created using bacteria of the genus Azotobacter and Nitrobacter are used in agriculture. Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter Together in the soil an important factor. We oxidize ammonia, We oxidize ammonia, We enrich your soil with nitrogen fertilizer, which is very necessary for all plants. Who is more important than us, tell me?

Lactic acid bacteria I am in charge! You are a dweller of the soil. I won’t live in the soil. I turn it into cheese, into sour cream I turn it into cheese, into sour cream I am fresh milk. And I’ll also make squash cabbage, And I’ll also make squash cabbage, I’ll save your cucumbers and tomatoes for many days. I will turn the corn that was mowed into juicy silage. Well, tell me, who is more needed?! Well, tell me, who is more needed?!

Biotechnology is a branch of industry that uses the vital processes of microorganisms in the production of food, medicine, and feed additives. Modern biotechnology develops biological methods to combat environmental pollution.

E. coli We are more needed! We are here in the intestines. Try it without us. You'll get sick right away. Eat a salad, drink compote, - Eat a salad, drink compote, - Your stomach will swell. You will suffer until you cry. You and I are a symbiosis. Escherichia coli is the most important of all, I think.

Pathogenic bacteria We also live in the intestines. And he is sick with us. I am a dysentery bacillus, I am a cholera vibrio. I am a cholera vibrio. Try it without washing your hands, We will find you right away. We will find you right away. We won't die of boredom. We will kill you quickly!

Conclusion Bacteria participate in the cycle of substances in nature, decomposing organic substances into inorganic ones, thereby replenishing the supply of nutrients for plants. Without bacteria, life on Earth would be impossible. Bacteria play a positive and negative role in human life. Bacteria participate in the cycle of substances in nature, decomposing organic substances into inorganic ones, thereby replenishing the supply of nutrients for plants. Without bacteria, life on Earth would be impossible. Bacteria play a positive and negative role in human life.

Sources of materials used in the presentation Biology. Plants. Bacteria. Mushrooms. Lichens. 6th grade. Multimedia supplement to the textbook by I. N. Ponomareva. Ventana-Graph (1C: School) (drawings on slides 4, 5, 7, 11); Biology. Plants. Bacteria. Mushrooms. Lichens. 6th grade. Multimedia supplement to the textbook by I. N. Ponomareva. Ventana-Graph (1C:School) (pictures on slides 4, 5, 7, 11); Biology. Human. 8th grade. Multimedia supplement to the textbook by I. N. Ponomareva. Ventana-Graph (1C: School) (picture on slide 11); Biology. Human. 8th grade. Multimedia supplement to the textbook by I. N. Ponomareva. Ventana-Graph (1C:School) (picture on slide 11); Presentation by Lebedev S. N., teacher of the boarding school in the Kostroma region (pictures on slides 3, 6, 8, 9, 12) Presentation by Lebedev S. N., teacher of the boarding school in the Kostroma region (pictures on slides 3, 6, 8, 9, 12) (photo on slide 2) (photo on slide 2) Poems about bacteria - by the author of the presentation Poems about bacteria - by the author of the presentation

Learning new material

1. Communicating the topic and setting lesson objectives together with students (2 minutes)

To find out the topic of the lesson you need to guess the riddle: the stable is full of white sheep (teeth)…

What associations do you have in connection with the word teeth? (the teacher writes down all the words proposed by the students on the board)

What can we talk about in class? (formulation of lesson objectives together with children)

2. Updating knowledge (3 minutes)

Since the topic of our lesson is “Structure, functions and hygiene of teeth,” let's remember what we learned on this issue from past courses. You studied organ systems in 7th grade, got acquainted with the organ systems of animals, so let's remember the types of teeth in mammals.

We see that teeth are differentiated only in mammals. And their shape depends on the animal’s feeding methods. The function of mammalian teeth affected the nature of their attachment to the jaws and the characteristics of tooth replacement. Typically, mammalian teeth sit in the alveoli of the jaws and are strengthened by the connective tissue surrounding the teeth.

Note to teacher:

(the teacher uses additional material about animal teeth presented in the lesson notes in full, if the level of development of the class’s knowledge of knowledge of the class allows)

In representatives of different orders of mammals, the number of teeth varies greatly: a decrease or increase in the number of teeth is explained by the adaptation of animals to various food items. In carnivores, the number of teeth does not exceed 44, but in artiodactyls or rodents, the number of teeth varies greatly. Some edentates have 18–20 teeth; some species of marsupials can have up to 58 teeth, and representatives of the odontocetes of the dolphin family have 250 teeth. Teeth perform different functions in different orders of mammals and develop to varying degrees. So, for example, powerful canines develop in carnivores, incisors and molars develop in rodents, and canines and often premolars are lost. The function of mammalian teeth affected the nature of their attachment to the jaws and the characteristics of tooth replacement. Typically, mammalian teeth sit in the alveoli of the jaws and are strengthened by the connective tissue surrounding the teeth. In mammals, incisors, canines and premolars are replaced, and very rarely molars (in marsupials only the last molar changes). In edentate and toothed cetaceans, teeth do not change at all, and their milk teeth function throughout their lives. Only in elephants and manatees there is a constant longitudinal replacement of a worn tooth with a new one, which is laid behind the old one and gradually displaces it.

3. Human teeth, their number, classification. Changing teeth. (5 minutes)

Look at the slide, how many teeth does a person have?

Are they the same in appearance?

What are the functions of each type of teeth? How is their structure related to the functions they perform?

What do you know about baby teeth and wisdom teeth? (answers)

A person's first milk teeth appear at 6-9 months. Milk teeth have some features: they are smaller in size, have fewer tubercles and divergent roots, between which lie the rudiments of permanent teeth. The number of roots in primary and permanent teeth is the same. From the age of 6-7 years, teeth change. Their rudiments form at the roots of falling out teeth. They compress the roots of baby teeth and block the path of blood to them.

Why are wisdom teeth called that? (answers)

When a wisdom tooth begins to grow, it often does not have enough space in the existing row of teeth, which can cause complications. Improper tooth eruption can be accompanied by inflammatory diseases. When injured, infection can penetrate into the soft tissues surrounding the tooth. Inflammation can spread to deep tissues, causing periodontitis. Signs of inflammation are redness and swelling of the gums around the tooth, an unpleasant odor, and severe pain.

4. Tooth structure (3-4 minutes)

Read the textbook article on the structure of teeth, write down in your notebook the terms corresponding to the numbers on slide 11.

The tooth consists of dentin, the crown is covered with enamel, the neck and root are covered with cement. Dentin and cement are modified bone tissue.

Note to teacher: Checking the assignment of slide 11 is done by clicking on the numbers in the rectangles. The teacher's explanation for this slide is possible. As the explanation progresses, the necessary terms are gradually revealed.

5. Physical education: performing exercises while standing (stretching, etc.) to change position. (2 minutes)

5.Diseases and dental hygiene (12 minutes)

Remember from the 5th grade course what happens to rocks in the sun and frost. (answers)

5.1. Model experiment

Let's try to heat the glass in the flame of an alcohol lamp, and then lower it into water.

What happened to the glass and why?

Why can’t you immediately drink cold drinks or ice cream after a hot meal? (Tooth enamel can also crack from sudden changes in hot and cold foods. Protect your tooth enamel from sudden changes in temperature.)

5.2.Dental diseases

With dental disease, digestion is disrupted, since in this case food that is not chewed enough and unprepared for further chemical processing enters the stomach. This is why it is so important to constantly take care of your teeth. Nicotine released during smoking causes great harm to teeth and gums; Under no circumstances should you chew hard objects, and you should not drink cold water or eat ice cream immediately after eating hot food. This leads to the appearance of cracks in the enamel and caries (destruction of enamel and dentin). Bad breath appears, yellowing and destruction of enamel occurs, destruction of gum tissue around the teeth - periodontal disease. Caries is caused by bacterial plaque. Bacteria produce acid from sugar. Acid destroys tooth enamel and a “hole” is formed. Bacteria reach the pulp, affecting nerves and blood vessels. There is destruction of the pulp, inflammation of the tooth root and gum pocket. There is a danger of pus spreading throughout the body. Infection enters the body through a diseased tooth. Pathogenic microorganisms can cause inflammatory processes in the intestines, liver, etc.

5.3. Preventing tooth damage

Read the article “Healthy teeth are an important condition for maintaining human health” and make a memo for primary school students on what to do to maintain healthy teeth. Approximate rules: do not chew bones and hard candies; do not crack nuts; do not drink cold water or eat ice cream immediately after a hot meal; do not smoke, nicotine is harmful to teeth and gums; visit the dentist twice a year, etc.

5.2 Dental care

Note: By clicking on the image on slide 11 you can increase the size of the illustration. Hygiene rules can be scrolled through repeatedly by clicking on the button labeled “click”

“Bacteria are pathogens” - Bacteria cause human diseases. The role of bacteria. Bacterial cell. Bacteria. Bacteria are causative agents of acute diseases. Black potato leg. Pathogenic bacteria. Damage to the national economy. Several “lines of defense” against pathogenic microorganisms. There are especially many bacteria in the soil.

"Vibrios" - Disease. Epidemic disease. Vibrios. Straight or curved sticks. Facultative anaerobes. Nitrogen content. Vibrio cholerae. Team. Genus of bacteria. A set of restrictive measures. Cholera. Prevention. Classic cholera. Sensitivity. Treatment.

“Life activity of bacteria” - Bacteria: structure and life activity. General characteristics of bacteria. Can bacteria be seen? Physical education. Living conditions for bacteria. The structure of a bacterial cell. Cell shape. Reflexive target. Complete interactive tasks. Unfavorable environmental conditions. Shapes of bacteria. Which organisms have a body that does not consist of cells? Ways to feed bacteria. Reproduction of bacteria. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

“The role of bacteria in human life” - Milk. Bacteria cause food to spoil. Salted cucumbers. Let's first talk about the structure of bacteria. Write the word “cocci” in your notebook. Vibrio. Spirilla. Bacteria are cooks. Bacteria cause disease. Staphylococcus is a whole bunch of cocci. Cocci are the simplest forms of bacteria. Kingdom of bacteria. Are bacteria harmful or beneficial? Flagellum. There are many benefits from bacteria. E. coli. Lots of different products.