Make the sentences affirmative there isn't. Indefinite pronouns. How to ask questions using question words

Constructions There is And There are are used to indicate the presence of something in a certain place, the location of objects or their quantity. In this construction the word there stands formal subject and does not carry any meaning (it cannot be translated as “ here», « there"), so such sentences are translated from the end.

There is a mouse in the kitchen!- There's a mouse in the kitchen!
There are some cookies in the box.— There are some cookies in the box.

There was a man in the room.– There was a man in the room.
There were men in the room waiting for you.– There were men in the room who were waiting for you.

I think there will be a lot of people at tomorrow’s concert.– I think there will be a lot of people at tomorrow’s concert.

Statement

In affirmative sentences, the formal subject always comes first there, followed by the verb to be in the required form and “ present subject"(object or person). Verb form to be depends on the number of the noun and the tense in the sentence.

There is And there was used for singular objects or concepts or uncountable nouns.

There are And there were used for plural items.

If in the statement after revolutions there is / there was / there will be the countable subject is singular, it is used with the indefinite article a / an. Definite article the practically not used.

There is = There’s (abbreviation)
There's a cat in our garden.- There is (some) cat in our yard.

If this is a set of objects, then a numeral is used, indicating their number or word some(some). Also used before uncountable nouns some.

There are two cats in our garden.- There are two cats in our yard.
There are some cats in our garden.- There (are some) cats in our yard.

There's some milk in the fridge.— There is some milk in the refrigerator.
There was some food in this lunchbox.— There was food in this lunchbox.

In the statement after the construction there is/ there was/ there will be pronouns may be used someone(someone) and something(something).

There was something strange in his room.“There was something strange in his room.”
There was someone asking for your phone number.- Someone asked for your phone number.

Negation

Negative sentence with there is /there are is formed using a negative particle not after the verb to be in the required form.

In denial with there is not/ there wasn't / there will not be singular nouns are used with the indefinite article a/ an(no negative pronouns, since in English there can only be one negative).

There wasn't a cat in our garden.
There won't be a party next week.- There will be no party next week.

In a negative sentence, nouns in plural or uncountable nouns are used with a pronoun any(some, none).

There is not = there isn’t (abbreviation)
There isn't any money in his wallet.

There are not = there aren’t
There aren't any pencils on my desk.

In denial after there is not / there wasn't / there will not be pronouns may be used anybody, anyone(someone, no one) and anything(something, nothing, nothing).

There isn't anyone in the room.- There is no one in the room.
There wasn't anything interesting in that city. “There was nothing interesting in that city.”

Also, a negative sentence can be formed using a negative pronoun no before a noun, regardless of its number. In this case, the particle is not placed not after to be .

There was no cat in our garden.– There was no cat in our yard.
There there are no pencils on my desk.– There are no pencils on my desk.
There is no money in his wallet.- There is no money in his wallet.

In a negative sentence after there is /there was /there will be pronouns may be used nobody,no one(nobody) and nothing(nothing, nothing).

There there is no one in the room.- There is no one in the room.
There was nothing interesting in that city.“There was nothing interesting in that city.”

Question

Interrogative sentence with there is / there are is formed by placing the verb to be in the required form at the beginning of the sentence.

As in negative sentences, questions use singular nouns with the indefinite article a / an.

Is there a cat outside?– Is there a cat on the street?
Will there be a party next week?– Will there be a party next week?

In questions, plural or uncountable nouns are used with a pronoun any(some kind).

Were there any pencils on my desk?– Were there (some) pencils on my desk?
Is there any money in your pockets?– Do you have (some) money in your pockets?

In questions after is there / was there/ will there be pronouns may be used anybody, anyone(someone) and anything(something).

Is there anything I can do for you?- Can I help you?

Short answers to general questions also use the construction there is/ there are in the affirmative or negative form at the right time.

Is there a cat outside?– Is there a cat on the street?
Yes, there is.- Yes, I have.
No, there isn't .- No.

Was there anybody in my room?– Was there someone in my room?
Yes, there was.- Yes.
No, there wasn't.- No.

In special questions, the question word comes first, followed by the word order of the general question. After interrogative expressions how many/ how much followed by the noun to which they refer.

Who is there in my room?-Who's in my room?
Why are there so many people?– Why are there so many people there?
How much money is there in your wallet?- How much money is in your wallet?

Features of use

There is / There are can be used with almost all tenses and modal verbs, as well as with the construction to be going to. In this case, only the verb changes to be.

There has been an accident this morning. I hope everything is alright now.– There was an accident this morning. I hope everything is fine now.
She said that there had been nothing to drink at Matt’s party.“She said there were no drinks at Matt's party.”

There must be some money in my pocket.- There must be some money in my pocket.
There may be a dog in their garden.– Perhaps there is a dog in their yard.
There should have been a letter from Craig in my mailbox.“There should have been a letter from Craig in my mailbox.”

There is going to be a charity concert next week.– Next week they are going to hold a charity concert.

Listing items

When listing multiple items after a construct there is / there are the verb to be is put in singular or plural form depending on the number of the noun that follows it.

There is one cat and one puppy in Jack’s house.– There is one cat and one puppy in Jack’s house.
There is a cat and two puppies in Jack's house.– There is one cat and two puppies in Jack’s house.
There are two puppies and a cat in Jack’s house.– There are two puppies and one cat in Jack’s house.

There with other verbs

The verb to be in the construction there is / there are can be replaced by other verbs that express the meaning of presence, such as to exist(to be, to exist), to lie(lie), to live(live), to come(to come, to happen), to stand(stand), etc.

There was a big statue in this park.– There was a big statue in this park.
There stood a big statue in this park.– There was a large statue in this park.

There lives an old woman in this house.– An elderly woman lives in this house.
There came some noise from his room.- There was (some) noise coming from his room.

Some And any in combination with one, body And thing form indefinite pronouns someone, somebody someone, anyone, anyone, anybody anyone, something something, anything, anything anything . These pronouns are always used as pronouns-nouns and serve in a sentence subject to or addition.

Like some And any, pronouns someone, somebody And something are used in affirmative sentences, a anyone, anybody And anything– in negative sentences, general questions (direct and indirect) and conditional sentences:
Somebody (someone) is knocking at the door. Somebody's knocking on the door. (approved, soulful)
Give me something to read. Give me something to read. (approved, inanimate)
There isn't anybody (anyone) there. There is no one there. (negative, soulful)
There isn't anything on the table. There is nothing on the table. (negative, inanimate.)
Did you see anybody (anyone) there? Did you see anyone there? (general question, soul)
If anything happens, ring me up immediately. (conventional)

When do these pronouns serve? subject to, then the verb is placed in singular(like the verb after someone, anyone, something, anything In russian language):
Somebody has taken my book. Someone took my book.
Is there anybody there? Is there anyone there?

Someone, somebody And something(but not anyone, anybody And anything) are used similar to the pronoun some, in special questions, as well as in general questions in which something is proposed or some kind of request is expressed:
Why didn't you ask somebody to help you? Why didn't you ask someone to help you?
Will you have something to eat? Would you like something to eat?
Will someone help me? Can anyone help me?

After pronouns somebody And anybodyNot preposition is used of. Expression one of us(you, them, students one of us(you, them, the pupils etc.).
5. Anyone, anybody, anything can be used similarly to the pronoun any, with the meaning anyone, anyone, both in affirmative and interrogative sentences:
Anyone can do this. Anybody can do that.
You can play whatever you want (any thing you want). You may play anything you like.

After the pronoun anybody The preposition of is not used. Expression any of us(you, them, students etc.) translated into English any of us(you, them, the pupils etc.).
Note. Some And any in combination with where form adverbs somewhere, anywhere somewhere, somewhere, somewhere, somewhere:
– Did you go anywhere yesterday? –Did you go anywhere yesterday?
– No, I didn't, but I shall go somewhere tomorrow. –No, I didn't go, but I will go somewhere tomorrow.

Location design there is (there are) refers to the most common constructions of English grammar and you need to know it already. In this lesson you will learn the basic rules for there is (there are). Let's look at the translation into English of a simple sentence from the example.

EXAMPLE. There is a cat sitting in the box. — There is a cat in the box.

The construction there is / there are. Rules

RULE 1. There is construction used when we want to say that some object located in a specific place; respectively there are used if there are several objects, that is, in the plural.

There is a cat in the box. — There’s a cat in the box.

There are cats in the box. — There are cats in the box.

General view of the construction there is / there are in the present tense

Pay attention to the articles highlighted in blue:

article a means that I have not seen this OBJECT before (some kind of cat)

article the means that this PLACE is familiar to me (this table, my table, etc.)

RULE 2(see diagram above).

Before the subject always put article (a, zero) , cardinal number (one, two, three), or other quantity indicators (many, much, some).

There is an apple on the apple tree.
There are three (many/some) apples on the apple tree.
There is some (much) milk in the glass.

We looked at the construction there is (there are) in English in the present tense. You can do several. Next we will look at:

1. Translation of a sentence with there is (are)

RULES for translation there is / there are:

1.Design there is (are) translated as there is, is located.

2. Verb is (are) in this construction you can NOT translate or use other verbs when translating, indicating location, for example: sitting, hanging, lying, etc.

EXAMPLE. There is a cat in the tree. - Can be translated as On this tree is sitting cat.

3. In this construction the word there lost its original meaning there. DO NOT start the translation of a sentence with the word THERE.

4. Translation of a sentence with this construction must begin with a word that answers the question Where?(usually it costs at the end of a sentence).
EXAMPLE

Test yourself and translate affirmative sentences with the construction there is (are) from English:

There is an owl in the tree.
There is a cup on the saucer.
There are some cups in the cubeboard.
There is a mouse under the sofa.
There are many rabbits in the woods.
There are many children in the yard.
There is some milk in the bottle.
There is a frog on the log.

2. Interrogative sentences with the construction there is (are)

EXAMPLE
There is a problem. – Is is there a problem?
EXAMPLES
1) — Is there a problem? - There is a problem?

- Yes, there is.- Yes.

- No, there isn't. No.

2) Are there books in your bag? — Are there any books in your briefcase?

- Yes, there are. - Yes.

or
- No, there aren’t. - No.

3) What is there in the room? - What is in this room?

— There is furniture in the room. - IN this the room has furniture.

3. Negative sentences with the construction there is (are)

Most often appears in negative sentences no(translated in this case as No).
EXAMPLE

Note 1.
If after the design there is there are two or more words, then the linking verb BE usually agrees with the first of them.

EXAMPLES
There is a lamp and some pencils on the table.
There are some pencils and a lamp on the table.

Note 2.
If a plural noun is preceded by a lot of, then the verb is used in the plural.

EXAMPLES
There are a lot of books on the table.

4. Forms of the construction there is (are) in simple tenses

There is (are)- in present time
There was (were)- in the past time
There will be- in the future tense

5. A poem with the construction there is (are):

This is the Key of the Kingdom.
In that Kingdom there is a city;
In that city there is a town;
In that town there is a lane;
In that lane there is a yard;
In that yard there is a house;
In that house there is a room;
In that room there is a table;
On that table there is a basket;
In that basket there are some flowers.
Flowers in the basket, Basket on the table,
Table in the room, Room in the house,
House in the yard, Yard in the lane,
Lane in the street, Street in the town,
Town in the city, City in the Kingdom.
Of that Kingdom this is the Key.

6. Exercises on there is (are) in the present tense

Exercise 1. Translate into English using the construction there is or there are and the noun determiner: some- a few, a little (indicator of an indefinite quantity).

There is tea in a cup. => There is some tea in the cup.
There are sweets in a vase. =>
There are gifts in the box. =>
There is food on the table. =>
There is porridge in the plate. =>

Exercise 2. Rephrase the sentences using the construction there is or there are and noun determiners: some- a few, a little; many- a lot of, a- some kind.

SAMPLE The cherries are in the basket. => There are some cherries in the basket.

Please note that in this case the meaning (translation) of the sentence will change! See comment below.

The books are on the table. =>
The flowers are in the vase =>
The cheese is in the refrigerator. =>
The stories by A. Christie are in the book. =>
The kitten is under the bed. =>

Grammar comment. What is the difference between the sentences: The bird is in the tree and There is a bird in the tree. — Answer: translation.

In a sentence "The bird is in the tree.” we are talking about a specific bird ( the = this), which is located in a specific location (in the tree) and the translation will be: This bird on the tree.
In the sentence “There is a bird in the tree." we are talking about a certain subject ( a bird), which is located in a specific place (in the tree) and the translation will be - Sits on (this) tree ( some kind) bird.

Conclusion: if we rephrase a sentence, its meaning will change! Now translate the sentences from exercise 2