How many children did Muhammad have. One Comment “How many children did Prophet Muhammad's beloved wife have? Direct descendants of the prophet… Three live in Yakutsk.” Male Arabic names

Today, September 21, begins the new year 1439 Hijri. The first month of the Muslim lunar calendar is called Muharram, which literally translates as "forbidden" (from the word "haram"). Muharram was one of the four forbidden months during which wars could not be started.

The most significant day of this month is the 10th day of the month, the day of Ashura, on which Muslims traditionally fast. Also on this day, it is considered desirable to show generosity to your family and receive guests.

However, there are some false practices associated with this month. The Arabs had a prejudice, according to which this month was considered unlucky for marriage (and some other matters). Shia Muslims hold mourning ceremonies on the day of Ashura - during which especially zealous fanatics injure themselves - in memory of the tragic death on this day of the Prophet's grandson (peace and blessings be upon him) Imam Hussein and his supporters (may Allah be pleased with them) in the town Karbala. It should be remembered that such things are not encouraged by our religion and do not comply with Sharia.

More details about this month and its features are described below.

What is the first month of the Islamic calendar called? what does this word mean?

Muharram is the first month of the Muslim lunar year, the word "Muharram" literally means "forbidden". Even in the pre-Islamic era, this month was considered sacred, during which it was forbidden to start wars and shed blood.

What four holy months are mentioned in the Qur'an and Hadith?

The Quran says:

“Indeed, the number of months with Allah is twelve (lunar) months (and it was recorded) in the writing of Allah [in the Preserved Tablet] on the day (when) He created the heavens and the earth. Of these, four forbidden (months) (in which Allah forbade fighting) ” (9, 36).

These four months, according to authentic hadiths, are: Zul-qada, Zul-hijja, Muharram and Rajab. The sanctity of these months was observed in the Shariah of the previous prophets.

What is the most significant day in the month of Muharram?

The 10th day of the month of Muharram, which is called the day of Ashura.

What special actions did our Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) perform on this day?

He (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) fasted on this day. Mrs. Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) reports that when the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) arrived in Medina, he fasted on this day and ordered his companions to do the same.

What other community fasted on the 10th day of the month of Muharram during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and why?

Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) reports that when the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) entered Medina and found that the Jews were fasting on this day, he asked them: “What is this day on which you keep fast?" They replied: “This is the day when Allah saved the prophet Musa (peace be upon him) and his community, and drowned the pharaoh and his army. Musa (peace be upon him) fasted as a sign of gratitude to Allah - therefore we also fast on this day. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) then said: “We are more worthy to follow Musa (peace be upon him) than you, and we are closer to him than you.” After that, he kept a fast on that day and ordered the Sahaba to do the same (Muslim, Abu Dawud).

Does the holiness and significance of the day of Ashura have anything to do with the martyrdom of Hussein (may Allah be pleased with him), the grandson of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)?

Many people mistakenly consider the 10th day of the month of Muharram a day of mourning in memory of the martyrdom of Hussein (may Allah be pleased with him). There is no doubt that the martyrdom of Imam Hussein (may Allah be pleased with him) is one of the most tragic episodes in our history. However, the holiness of the day of Ashura cannot be attributed to this event for the simple reason that the sanctity of this day was prescribed by the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) much earlier than the birth of Hussein (may Allah be pleased with him). On the contrary, one of the virtues of Mr. Hussein (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) is that he was martyred on the day of Ashura. The sanctity of the day of Ashura is also established from the Sharia of the previous prophets.

Is it permissible to build on the day of Ashura the so-called. "taziya" (wooden platforms, which are the mausoleums of the martyrs of Karbala) for parades in the streets (as the Shiites do)?

No, such things are forbidden. Imran ibn Hasan (may Allah be pleased with him), as narrated in the collection of hadith Ibn Maja, reports that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) once saw that people took off their outer clothes and put on (special) shirts as a sign of mourning. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) was very displeased with this, saying that this was a custom of times of ignorance that should be abolished. From this hadith it follows that it is forbidden to express mourning through special ceremonies, wearing special clothes and in any other way.

Is it permissible to get married in the month of Muharram?

This is another misconception about the month of Muharram, that it is a month of evil and misfortune due to the tragic incident with Imam Hussein. As a result of this delusion, people avoid getting married at this time. Such superstition is contrary to the teachings of the Qur'an and the Sunnah, which say that the advent of Islam abolished all concepts of unfortunate months and days. If we consider that the death of some famous person makes this day unhappy for all future times, then it is unlikely that any day of the year will be free from such bad luck, since every day someone dies, including significant and righteous People. Such superstitions must be put aside as unworthy of our attention.

It is also an erroneous practice to cry and perform various mourning ceremonies in memory of the martyrdom of Imam Hussein (may Allah be pleased with him). The event in Karbala is one of the most tragic events in our history, but the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) forbade us from holding mourning ceremonies on the occasion of the death of any person. People in the time of jahiliyyah (ignorance) used to mourn their dead relatives or friends by lamenting loudly for them, tearing their clothes and scratching their cheeks and chest. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) forbade Muslims from doing all this, commanding them to be patient in adversity, saying: “Inna lillahi wa inna ileihi rajiun.” There are many authentic hadiths on this subject. One of them says: “He who beats his cheeks, tears his clothes and screams, like the people of the Jahiliyya, is not from our community.” All scholars are unanimous in their opinion that such an expression of grief is forbidden. Imam Hussein (may Allah be pleased with him) himself, shortly before his death, advised his beloved sister Zainab (may Allah be pleased with her) not to mourn his death in this way. He told her: "My dear sister, if I die, you must not tear your clothes, scratch your face, curse someone, or wish for your death." That is, the righteous person himself, in whose memory such ceremonies are held, condemned such actions. Every Muslim should avoid this practice and observe the commandments of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and his beloved grandson Imam Hussein (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).

What is considered desirable and permissible to do on the day of Ashura (10th of the month of Muharram)?

1. It is considered mustahab (desirable) to fast on this day.

2. It is also permissible (mubah) to spend more generously (than on other days) on the needs of your family in accordance with your capabilities.

Ashura, or Shahsey-wakhsey- a significant date for Shiite Muslims, which is celebrated on the 10th day of Muharram, one of the most significant months in the Islamic calendar. This is a day of mourning dedicated to Imam Hussein, who was martyred in 680 in one of the most revered Muslim cities - Karbala. Ashura Day is strictly observed wherever Shiites can be found: Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Pakistan, Lebanon, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Tajikistan, etc. The meaning of the holiday is the involvement in the heroic deed of a great man, ready to fight, brave and brave; one who was able to accept martyrdom for the sake of Islam, even though he knew that the struggle is hopeless and leads to death.

Day of Ashura for Shiites

Basic information about Imam Hussein
The full name of the Imam is Hussein ibn Ali. His father's name was Ali ibn Abu Talib and he was the cousin of the Prophet Muhammad, the fourth (out of 12) successor of the Prophet. He is considered the first imam in the teachings of the Shiites and is the first man to accept Islam. Hussein's mother, Fatima Zahra - the daughter of Muhammad - was a model of morality and purity. Hussein became the third imam of the Shiites, after his older brother al-Hasan, who was supposed to become ruler, was poisoned by order of the Umayyad dynasty, who wanted to see their heir in power. Hussein was Imam for 10 years. Most of this time, Muawiya ibn Abu Sufian (the one who is allegedly involved in the tragic death of al-Hasan) reigned, and the last 6 months of the life of the great imam were ruled by Muawiya’s son, Yazid.

Background of the uprising in Karbala
There were more than enough reasons for discontent among the population. Among the first reasons: the inconsistency of the behavior of the rulers with the norms of Sharia, which is based on 2 main sets of rules for the life of Muslims: the Koran and the Sunnah. Almost all representatives of the Umayyad dynasty, except for Umar II, who was famous for his piety and honesty, violated the precepts of Islam. For example, Yazid did not hesitate to openly indulge in entertainment (wine, dancers). In addition, Muslims of not all nationalities under the Umayyads were equally revered, as prescribed by Islam. Arab Muslims were clearly in a privileged position.

Disrespect for Sharia norms and persecution of representatives of the revered family of the Prophet Muhammad (its traditional designation is Ahl al-Bayt) led to the emergence of opposition, the ideological spokesman of which was Imam Hussein. A considerable number of Muslims came over to his side, who expressed their support to him, including in writing. From Kufa (Iraq), a city now sacred to the Shiites, the imam received the most messages. People openly offered to raise an uprising and wanted to see Hussein as their leader. He deserved it for his intransigence, a quality that many events confirm. For example, Hussein refused to take the oath of allegiance to Yazid when his father, Muawiya ibn Abu Sufyan, contrary to Islamic norms, wished to transfer power to him.

Before Ashura
Hussein was in Mecca before the obligatory pilgrimage for every Muslim began - the Hajj. The pilgrims were a very convenient screen for hired killers, who, on the orders of Yazid, penetrated to the imam. Hussein was warned that they wanted to destroy him, but he could not allow the shedding of blood in a city holy to Muslims. Bloodshed in this place is prohibited by the Koran. Therefore, having gathered relatives and friends, he left Mecca and headed for Kufa, without completing the prescribed rites and declaring that his sacrifice to Allah would not be animals, but himself.

Part of the inhabitants of Mecca took his side and were ready to fight Yazid. On the way to Kufa, Hussein learned that the inhabitants of the city were surrendering under the onslaught of Yazida's spies and were beginning to kill his followers. This is how Muslim ibn Akil, sent by Husayn to Kufa, was killed. This was shortly before the death of Hussein himself, on the 5th of Muharram. The army of Yazid overtook Hussein, 44 km from Kufa, in Karbala. 30,000 people surrounded the imam, his companions, and his family. Among the besieged were children and women. They spent 8 agonizing days in the middle of the desert with no access to water.

On the night of the 10th day, Hussein gathered his companions and informed them that they had no chance and that they would face the death of martyrs. He allowed everyone who did not want such a fate to leave the camp at night with the torches extinguished. Some people left the camp, but in the morning 72 people remained with him, including his relatives. Of these, only 18 are adults capable of fighting men. But the exact numbers are unknown. According to other sources, 120 people remained with Hussein. At the same moment, Yazid's army pulled up reserves and increased to 45,000. Yazid wanted to start the battle on the 9th, but he respected Hussein's request to postpone the battle until morning, so that the latter and his companions could perform namaz, that is, pray.

Day of Ashura: Battle
10th of the month of Muharram (words "yaum al-ashura" in Arabic means "the tenth of the month") the battle took place. According to Arabic tradition, Hussein's companions went out one at a time. They fought as much as they could, but the forces were too unequal, so a painful death from numerous wounds was inevitable for each of them. One of Hussein's relatives, Abu-l Fadl Abbas, managed to break through to the river (the city of Al-Kufa stands on the Euphrates River) to draw water, but Yazid's soldiers cut off his hands, and he died. It is not known exactly when this happened, on the day of Ashura or earlier. At the same time, the son of the imam, Ali Akbar, who at that moment was 17 years old, died. Hussein's nephews, Aun and Muhammad, sons of the Imam's own sister, whose name was Seyida Zainab bint Ali, were killed. Yazid's supporters killed two more of the Imam's children, teenagers aged eleven and thirteen. Hussein's six-month-old son, Ali Asghar, was shot with a bow when his father asked for water for the child. Imam Hussein himself received almost 30 cut and stab wounds, and then he, while still alive, was beheaded by Sharahbil, nicknamed Shimr, which means experienced.

What happened to the members of Imam Hussein's family?
After Imam Hussein died, his enemies burned the tents in the camp, and all who were in it were taken prisoner. Among the captives were many close relatives of the Imam:

The prisoners on the way to Kufa were subjected to all sorts of humiliations: the hijabs were torn off the women, all the prisoners were carried on horses without saddles, like slaves. The guards carried on spears the heads of Hussein's companions who had been killed earlier. In the palace of the governor of Kufa, Ibn Ziyad, Hussein's sister, Zainab bint Ali, distinguished herself. She was not afraid to make a diatribe against Yazid, who committed a number of crimes by attacking the relatives of the Prophet Muhammad.

Then the captives visited other cities of the Persian Gulf: Mosul (Iraq), Homs (Syria), Baalbek (Lebanon). Everywhere Yazid's supporters tried to portray them as rebels. After that, they arrived at the court of Yazid, in Damascus. Yazid expressed his anger by beating on the head of the dead Imam Husayn, which was laid out on a tray. It was here that Sayyida Zainab, with the support of Hussein's son Ali Zain al-Abidin, delivered a speech in which she spoke out against the atrocities of Yazid and the entire Umayyad dynasty. Enraged, Yazid wanted to kill both rebels, but his advisers convinced him of the recklessness of such an act.

Mourning on the Day of Ashura

All activities on this day are aimed at sharing the suffering of Imam Hussein as much as possible. The first meetings to commemorate his death were held by his sister, Seyida Zainab, at her home in Damascus. During them, those gathered read verses dedicated to the courage of the Imam, voiced the events of Ashura. The following imams also attached great importance to such events, which made it possible to preserve the memory of Ashura.

Modern Shiites organize memorial evenings or processions that last on the first 10 days of the respective month. However, many Shia Muslim communities observe mourning for 40 days. Imams read khutbas (Muslim sermons), Muslims beat their chests with their fists as a sign of loyalty to Islam and willingness to sacrifice for it. The color of the clothes is black, the music is mournful, mourning verses are also heard, which are called "latmiya".

Especially for all these events, sheds or buildings are built, which are called Husseiniya. They are similar to mosques, but only for Ashura. Some of the traditions on this day are very specific and not common everywhere, for example, Shiites from Pakistan or Iraq consider it obligatory to torture themselves until blood appears with swords or chains. However, some theologians of Islam (mujtahids), such as Iran's top leader Ali Khamenei, another Iranian great Ayatollah Makarem Shirazi, and the founder of the Hezbollah movement, Muhammad Hussein Fadlullah, forbade self-bleeding on the day of Ashura. The prohibitions were outlined in the fatwas they issued.

Sunni Ashura Day

Sunnis say that the month in which Ashura is celebrated is the first month in the Islamic calendar. Based on the Koran, they declare that Muharram is one of the 4 months of special, sacred significance for Muslims, months in which one cannot kill, wage war or hunt. There are Sunni collections of hadiths, that is, legends about the prophet Muhammad, according to which on the day of Ashura Noah's Ark was finally able to land on land after a long wandering in the watery desert. Sunni scholars of Islam, the ulema, also say that Musa (in the Bible - Moses) on this day found salvation from the Egyptian pharaoh who was pursuing him.

Thus, the day of Ashura, according to the concepts of the Sunnis, is celebrated in a completely different way. On the Kaaba, the main shrine of Muslims in Mecca, the old coverlet is being changed. Instead, they spread a new one. And the old is cut into pieces and donated to Muslim communities around the world.

The Shiites, of course, object to such an interpretation of the day of Ashura, arguing that the hadiths on which the Sunnis rely were fabricated during the reign of the Umayyads by those who wished that the tragic events in Karbala would not receive wide publicity and the Muslim ummah consigned them to oblivion.

Ashura is the most important holiday in the Shia Muslim calendar. It is celebrated on the 10th day of the month of Muharram, the first month in the Muslim calendar. For Shiites, who make up about 15 percent of all Muslims in the world, this is the biggest holiday of the year. However, for the rest of the world, it is most often associated with bloody processions, during which its participants scourge themselves, striking with chains with sharp blades at the end, daggers and sabers. The bloody tradition of the holiday of Ashura in the lens of photographers.

16 PHOTOS

1. The procession of Shiites in India. (Photo: THAIER AL-SUDANI / REUTERS).

The holiday of Ashura is the day of commemoration of the grandson of the prophet Muhammad, who died in 680 during the battle of Karbala (in central Iraq) with the troops of Caliph Yazid from the Umayyad dynasty. The grandson of the Prophet Muhammad - Hussein ibn Ali - is revered by the Shiites as the third imam and their spiritual ancestor. Shiites live mainly in Iraq, Iran and Bahrain, and are a minority in countries such as Afghanistan, Pakistan, Lebanon and Saudi Arabia.

For Muslims, Ashura is a day of mourning. They mourn the heroic martyrdom of Hussein in the name of goodness and justice. And although this is a Shiite holiday, Tatar Sunnis also take part in it.

On this day, traditional processions of men take place, who, as a sign of mourning for Hussein, mutilate their bodies with whips, knives, machetes and beat their chests. This is how they express their sorrow and solidarity with the deceased grandson of the Prophet Muhammad.

However, the Ashura holiday is not always associated with bloody rites. Known, for example, are also the customs of public reading of excerpts from the work of the 16th century - "The Garden of the Martyrs", which describes the tragic circumstances of the death of the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad.

The 10th day of the month of Muharram is the celebration of the Day of Ashura. This memorable date is also called the Day of Remembrance of the Prophets, since on this day, according to various legends, several events occurred with the great prophets Nuh and Musa (peace be upon them). On this day, Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham), peace be upon him, was born, and later saved by the Almighty from fire. Prophet? Isa (Jesus), peace be upon him, was taken up to heaven.

Muslim New Year - Al Hijara

The month of Muharram has a special meaning in the life of Muslims. Because 1
muharram is the new year according to the lunar calendar, this month
considered sacred. In the month of Muharram, when the Prophet Muhammad was not yet
had a sufficient number of followers, he had to commit
the famous migration (Ar. Hijra) from Mecca to Medina (Yathrib), along with
family and loved ones. This date is July 15 (16), 622 Gregorian
calendar - is considered the beginning of the Muslim era and therefore the month
Muharram is so revered by Muslims.

Virtues of the Day of Ashura January 6 (Date for 2009)

Ashura Day is celebrated this year on January 7th.

The 10th day of the month of Muharram is the Day of Ashura. On this day, according to the Qur'an,
account for the creation of Heaven, Earth, angels, the first man - Adam.
Doomsday (apocalypse, end of the world) will also come on the day
Ashura.

On the day of Ashura, Adam's migration to Paradise and the acceptance from him
repentance after sin. On this memorable day, in various historical
era, Allah showed ten blessings to ten prophets (ship of Nuh (Noah)
moored to Mount Judi after the Flood, the prophet Ibrahim was born, ascended
to heaven the prophets Isa and Idris, the prophet Ibrahim was saved from the fire of the pagans,
Musa and his followers escaped the persecution of the pharaoh, etc.).

Ashura is celebrated by observing a 2 or 3 day fast (9th-10th,
10th-11th or 9th-11th of the month of Muharram). The fast on the day of Ashura was
adopted by Muhammad after his move from Mecca to Medina. Later when
obligatory fasting in Ramadan was established, fasting on the day of Ashura became
voluntary, but desirable among Sunni Muslims.

For Shia Muslims, this post is obligatory, since the day of Ashura coincided with
the main date of the Shiite religious calendar is the day of commemoration of the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, Imam al-Hussein ibn Ali (626 - 680), who on this day died the death of a martyr (fighter for the faith).

In Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Ashura Day is a traditional folk holiday, fasting is optional. better…

Muslim holiday Ashura. Muslim holidays

Happy Ashura Day!

Samples of Turkish cuisine. Ashura

Cooking

Wash wheat, peas, beans and rice. Soak beans and peas in water for 200 gr. per day, rice with two glasses of water. Boil the crushed wheat until the starch comes out. If necessary, simmer the peas in a flat saucepan. Wash dried fruits and keep in 1.5 glass of water for 2 hours. Mix cooked foods and fruits and cook for 15 minutes. Peel the orange, cut the peel into 3-4 cm long, orange
cut into 4 - 5 slices and add to the cooked mass along with the peel and cook for 5 minutes, add sugar, cook for another 1 - 2 minutes and turn off the oven. Add rose water, stir and put on a plate, top with nuts and pomegranate.

Ashura

Ashura is a very ancient recipe, according to legend, Noah's wife cooked it from the remains of food on the ark, so when cooking, you can put any fruits and nuts in the dish. It is a popular dessert in Turkey.
Wheat - 1 cup
Beans - half a glass
Chickpeas - half a glass
Sugar - about 1.5 cups
Dried apricots - about 10 pieces
Dried figs - about 4-5 pieces
Walnut, raisins - to taste, about a handful
Rice - 2 tablespoons
Fruits - optionally finely chopped orange, apple, banana
For decoration - all kinds of nuts, pomegranate seeds, pistachios, cinnamon
Wheat should be poured with water, boiled and left overnight. Also soak beans and chickpeas overnight (all in separate saucepans). The next day, cook wheat (with an open lid), beans and chickpeas also in different pots, the beans will cook in about 1.5 hours, for chickpeas and wheat you need more, 2.5 - 3 hours. If necessary, add hot water. After about 2.5 hours, the chickpeas will be ready, and at this time we put rice into the wheat, mix, after 20 minutes we put the chickpeas and beans (they should become soft, even if they are digested), mix, add finely chopped dried apricots, dry figs, raisins , mix and let it gurgle quietly for another 15 minutes. Then add sugar, finely chopped fruits (apple, orange, half a banana, mulberry), walnut, barberry, let cook for another 5 minutes. Sugar and consistency can be varied according to your taste, in Turkey ashure is usually made moderately sweet, not cloying and of medium consistency, that is, like a watery porridge, neither dry, but not very liquid either. Ready. Now let it cool down. When it cools down, pour the ashure into molds and now decorate - you can put all kinds of nuts that you like, pomegranate seeds, cinnamon, coconut flakes, in general, everything that you think is suitable. We serve on the table.

موقع عدم الإستقرار - Day of ‘Ashura

Copy of post from LiveJournal

Entry tags: islam q&a, Ibn Baz, Ibn Taymiyyah, Ibn al-‘Uthaymeen, al-Munajjid, an-Nawawi, time, worship (‘ibadah), fiqh, hadith Day of Ashura
Question #10263: How can we know when the Day is coming ‘Ashura this year?

How should we fast the Day of Ashura this year? We still do not know when the month came and how many days were in Dhu-l-Hijj - twenty-nine or thirty. How can we now determine the Day of Ashura and fast?

Answer:

All praise belongs to Allah!

If we don't know what the month was like Dhu-l-Hijja- full (30 days) or defective (29 days), - and no one informed us about the fact of observing the appearance of the moon of the month Muharram, when this was the case, then in that case we follow the basis ( asl), according to which the month ends at the end of thirty days. Then, based on this, we calculate the Day ‘Ashura.

If a Muslim wishes to conscientiously observe fasting on the Day of ‘Ashura, so as to be firmly convinced [of the exclusion of the possibility of his skipping], then he should fast two consecutive days, counting them as the expected numbers of the Day ‘Ashura, based on the ratio to the twenty-nine and thirty-day month Dhu-l-Hijja. In this case, he will surely catch the Day ‘Ashura, and regardless of whether he fasts on the ninth and tenth, or on the tenth and eleventh, in both cases good will befall him ( tayib). If, in addition to this, he wants not to miss the Day Tasu'a(9th day Muharram), then we say to him: Fast continuously for two days in the above order, plus one more day before them. Here also, no matter what days he fasts - on the 8th, 9th and 10th, or on the 9th, 10th and 11th - in both cases he will undoubtedly find the ninth and tenth day.

If someone says: “The conditions of my work and other circumstances do not allow me to fast for more than one day, then on what day should I fast?” - then we will answer him: Define Dhu-l-Hijju as a thirty-day month, then count the tenth day from it and keep fasting in it.

This is a summary of what I heard from our Sheikh ‘Abdel-‘Aziz b. ‘Abd Allah b. Base(may Allah have mercy on him!) when he addressed him with a similar question.

If news comes from a trustworthy Muslim about the appointment of the beginning of the month Muharram in accordance with the observation of the appearance of the moon, then we act in accordance with this news.

In general, fasting on any day of the month Muharram is Sunnah because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him!) said: “After fasting in the month of Ramadan, the most worthy is fasting in the month of Allah Muharram!” (Muslim, № 1163).

Allah knows best!

Sheikh Muhammad Salih al-Munajjid

Question #21776: Religious legal opinion ( khukm) highlighting the day ‘Ashura for post.
Can I fast only on the Day of ‘Ashura’ without fasting on the day before it (Day of Tasu’a) or the day after it?

Answer:
All praise belongs to Allah!

Sheikh ul-Islam said: "Lent of the Day ‘Ashura serves as an atonement for the whole year, and its allocation is not condemned ... "

"al-Fatawa al-kubra", T. 5.

Ibn Hajar al-Haytami V "tukhfat al-muhtaj" writes: "As for the Day ‘Ashura, there is nothing wrong with isolating it."

Vol. 3, Chapter: Additional posts.

The Permanent Commission gave the following answer to this question:

“It is allowed to fast only on one day ‘Ashura, however, it is most preferable to fast also the day preceding it, or the day after it. This is Sunnah, authentically reported from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him!) in hadith: “If I live to see the next [of the year ]I will fast on the ninth day!” (Muslim, № 1134). Ibn Abbas(may Allah be pleased with him and his father!) said: “That is, along with the tenth” ... And only Allah provides assistance!

Permanent Commission on Fatwas and Studies, 11 / 401.

Question #21785: The Desirability of Fasting on the Day Tasu'a along with the day ‘Ashura.

I have a desire this year to fast on the Day of ‘Ashura’, and some people have informed me that it is sunnah to fast along with the Day of ‘Ashura’ also the day before it (the Day of Ta c uh). Is it reported that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him!) pointed this out?

Answer:
All praise belongs to Allah!

It is reported that ‘Abd Allah b. ‘Abbas(may Allah be pleased with him and his father!) said: “When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him!) fasted on the Day ‘Ashura and ordered us to fast, they said to him: “O Messenger of Allah, but this Day is also revered by Jews and Christians.” The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him!) said: “Next year, if Allah wills, we will fast for the ninth day!” However, the next year had not yet come, when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him!) passed away ”( Muslim, № 1916).

Ash-Shafi'i, his followers, also Ahmad, Ishaq and others said that it is desirable to fast on the ninth and tenth together, because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him!) fasted on the tenth and was going to fast on the ninth as well.

Accordingly, post ‘Ashura has different degrees of merit. The least of them is when they fast only on that day. A degree higher is the observance of fasting on the ninth day together with the Day ‘Ashura. All fasting increases in a month Muharram more worthy and blissful.

If you are interested in wisdom hikmat) observing the fast on the ninth day together with the tenth, then the answer will be:

An-Nawawi

“Scholars, both our comrades and others, have mentioned that the wisdom of the desirability of fasting on the Day Tasu'a driven by the following goals:

The first purpose was to distinguish [us] from the Jews, who limit themselves to only the tenth number. Reports about it Ibn Abbas…

The second goal was to connect [fasting] Day ‘Ashura with fasting [another day], as in the case of the prohibition of fasting only on Friday [, without additional fasting on the day before Friday, or on the day after it] ...

The third goal was not to miss the post on the tenth, with poor visibility of the moon [of the month Muharram], and its misidentification, [which allows for the possibility of] assigning the ninth to a day that will actually be the tenth” (end of quote).

The most weighty of these categories is the difference from the People of the Book. Sheikh ul-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah(may Allah have mercy on him!) said: “The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him!) Forbade the assimilation of people of the Book ( tashabbuh bi-ahli-l-kitab) a lot hadith, among them ... about the Day ‘Ashura: “If I live to see the next [of the year ]then I will fast the ninth day.” ».

"al-Fatawa al-kubra", T. 6.

In the comments to hadith "If I live to see the next…» , Ibn Hajar(may Allah have mercy on him!) writes: “The fact that he was going to fast on the ninth day does not mean that he was going to limit himself to this, on the contrary, he was going to combine this fast with the fast on the tenth day. This could be because he was afraid of missing the actual onset of the tenth, or he decided to do so in order to break with the [custom] of the Jews and Christians. The most correct, of course, is the latter, since some rivyats(messages) Muslimah».
"Fath al-Bari", 4 / 245.

Question #21787: Fasting ‘Ashura those who are in debt Ramadan.
I have a debt fast of Ramadan on me and I want to fast on the Day of Ashura. Am I allowed to observe the fast of ‘Ashura without fulfilling my debt? May I fast on the Day of Ashura and the eleventh day of the month of Muharram with the intention of fulfilling a debt fast, and will I receive a reward for fasting Ashura?

Answer:

All praise belongs to Allah!

First: he does not observe additional posts, on whom there are one or more promissory posts Ramadan. He starts by replenishing debt posts Ramadan, and after fulfilling all his obligations, he observes additional fasts.

Second: a person is allowed to fast on the 10th and 11th of the month Muharram with the intention of fulfilling the obligations that were assigned to him due to his failure to fast in the month Ramadan. This will be the redemption of his two days of debt. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him!) said: "Indeed, things [evaluated ] according to intentions, and verily, to every man [will only get ]what did he intend [gain ]!»

"Fatawa al-Lajna ad-Daima", 11 / 401.

"It is hoped that you will receive a share for the restoration and a share of this day's fast."

"Fatawa manar al-Islam" of the SheikhMuhammad b. ‘Usaymina(may Allah have mercy on him!), 2/358.

Question #21819: Will he get rewarded for posting ‘ Ashura one whose intention to fast has already arisen during that day?

I am aware of the virtue of fasting on the Day of Ashura, that it serves as an expiation for the year preceding it. However, due to the fact that we use the Gregorian calendar, I only learned about the coming of the Day of ‘Ashura when it had already arrived, but I did not eat anything that day and made the intention to fast during the day. Will my post be correct? Will the dignity of this day come to me, in the form of redemption for the previous year?

Answer:
All praise belongs to Allah!

Praise be to Allah for placing your desire to perform additional worship! We ask Allah to reward us and you for this!

You raised the question of whether it is necessary to make a decision to fast on the night of the corresponding day. From the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him!) An indication is transmitted of the legitimacy of the intention to comply additional fasting, which is done on the day of the fast itself, provided that a person does not commit actions that violate the fast in the morning of the corresponding day. In particular, ‘Aisha(may Allah be pleased with her!) narrated: One day, going to his wives, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him!) asked:
- Do you have anything [eat ]?
- No ... - the wives answered.
- Well, in that case (izan)I will fast! ­ - said the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him!).

Muslim, № 1154 (170).

Word "izan"(in such a case; under such circumstances) indicates the present tense ( zaman al-khadir), and this proves that the intention to observe an additional fast can be made during the very day of fasting. As for the obligatory fast, it will be valid only if the intention arises at night. According to hadith: “Whoever does not intend to fast before dawn will not have a fast!”

Abu Daoud(No. 2454) and at-Tirmizi(№ 726). Al-Albani called it reliable "sahih al-jami'" (№ 6535).

In that hadith speaks of obligatory fasting.

Accordingly, your post is correct. As for receiving a reward for fasting, then the question already arises, will a person receive a reward for the entire day of fasting, or only for what he observed from the moment the intention arose? sheikhal-‘ Usaymin(may Allah have mercy on him!) said:

“Scientists have two opinions about this. According to the first opinion, he is rewarded from the beginning of the day, since according to Shari'ah fasting begins at the beginning of the day.

According to the second, the reward for fasting will take place only from the moment of expressing a desire to keep it. So, if a person’s intention to fast arises only by noon, then he will receive a reward for half a day of fasting. This opinion is correct, as the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him!) said: "Indeed, things [evaluated ]intentionally, and verily, every man [get only what ] he intended [gain ]!» And since such a person had no intention of fasting until a certain time of the day, his reward will be calculated from the moment he makes this decision.

Based on the prevailing opinion, if fasting were associated with such days as Monday, Thursday, white days ( "ayam al-bid" on the 13th, 14th and 15th of each month) or three days of each month, and a person's intention would arise during one of these days, then verily, he will not receive the specific reward of the corresponding day.

"Sharh al-mumti’ » , 6 / 373.

This rule applies to those who have decided to fast ‘Ashura after the appearance of dawn. He will not be rewarded by fasting ‘Ashura, in the form of an expiation for the whole year, because it cannot be said that he fasted the whole day ‘Ashura, since he fasted only part of it - from the moment the decision was made. However, he will receive the total reward of fasting in the month of Allah Muharram, "who is most worthy to fast after Ramadan" (Muslim, № 1163).

It is likely that one of the main reasons why you, and many other people, do not know in advance about the coming of the Day ‘Ashura- and white days - is, as you already mentioned, the use of the Gregorian calendar. It is possible that omissions of such virtues will encourage you and all whom Allah has blessed with right guidance to use the lunar calendar. hijri- the one that Allah has legitimized for His slaves and approved for His Religion. It is necessary to use it at least on the scale of personal affairs and relationships with each other, in order to revive this calendar and what we mentioned along with it, when considering various Shari'ah questions, and also in order to differ from the people of the Scripture from whom we are commanded to differ, in order not to resemble them in their customs and in the features that characterize them, but mainly because the lunar calendar was used by former peoples - the compatriots of the Prophets, which can understand from hadith explaining the reason the Jews fasted on the Day ‘Ashura, - and this is the day, determined by calculating the lunar months. [The Jews said] that this is the day on which Allah saved Musu, which proves that they used the lunar calendar and not the European solar one.

"Sharh al-Mumti'", 6 / 471.

Perhaps Allah will still turn to good those omissions of specific rewards that you and those who share your enthusiasm have made. We ask Allah to endow us with His mercy and reward, and help us to remember Him and give thanks!

In 2018, Muslims will celebrate Ashura on September 20th. This is the tenth day of the month of Muharram in the Muslim calendar. We talk about fasting on the day of Ashura, about the essence and traditions of the holiday.

Day of Ashura: the essence of the holiday

According to Muslim tradition, many important sacred events took place on the day of Ashura. The earth, sea and heavens were created on the day of Ashura. Adam is born. Prophet Nuh (Noah) left the ark. The suffering of the prophet Aikub (Job) ended. Another day of Ashura is the day of the salvation of Musa (Moses), writes RIA Novosti.

What should be done on the day of Ashura-2018?

On the day of Ashura, you need to visit the sick, help the suffering, be generous with people. It is believed that whoever performs a full bath on the day of Ashura will be protected from suffering and many diseases, and whoever spends the previous night in worship and fasts in the morning will be saved from the horror of death agony.

Fasting on the day of Ashura: is it necessary to observe?

On the Day of Ashura, it is customary to observe two or three days of voluntary fasting.

According to Islamic doctrine, fasting was established by Muhammad after moving from Mecca to Medina. But then a mandatory fast was established in Ramadan, and then fasting on the day of Ashura became voluntary among Sunni Muslims, writes newsru.co.il. But for Shiite Muslims, it is mandatory.

On the day of Ashura, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, Imam Hussein, was killed. He died the death of a fighter for the faith. From that moment on, the day of Ashura became a tragic date for the Shiites. Believers strictly fast, mourn the martyrdom of Hussein; in some countries, Shia Muslims perform ceremonies on the day of Ashura, accompanied by self-torture.

Sunni Muslims also honor the memory of Imam Hussein, but mourning and fasting on the day of Ashura are not obligatory for them, RIA Novosti clarifies.