Standard accounting policy estimates and errors. On approval of the federal accounting standard for public sector organizations “accounting policies, estimates and errors.” Change in estimates

Publication date: 09.12.2016

Date of change: 09.12.2016

Attached file: docx, 64.5 kB

PROJECT

MINISTRY OF FINANCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
(MINISTRY OF FINANCE OF RUSSIA)

________________ №___________________

On approval of the federal accounting standard for public sector organizations “Accounting policies, estimates and errors”

In accordance with Articles 21, 23 of the Federal Law of December 6, 2011 No. 402-FZ “On Accounting” (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2011, No. 50, Art. 7344, 2013, No. 44, Art. 5631), subparagraph 5.2.21(1) clause 5.2. Regulations on the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 30, 2004 No. 329 (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2004, No. 31, Art. 3258; 2012, No. 44, Art. 6027), order s in a yu:

1. Approve the federal accounting standard for public sector organizations “Accounting policies, estimates and errors” (hereinafter referred to as the Standard).

2. This order applies to state (municipal) institutions, state bodies, local governments, governing bodies of state extra-budgetary funds, governing bodies of territorial state extra-budgetary funds.

3. This order applies to the State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom, the State Corporation for Space Activities Roscosmos, state (municipal) unitary enterprises in terms of maintaining budgetary records of economic facts that arise in the exercise of budgetary powers in accordance with budget legislation.

4. This order applies to the Central Bank of the Russian Federation in terms of the procedure for disclosing information in accounting (financial) statements.

Approved
by order of the Ministry of Finance
Russian Federation
from "___" __________201_g. No._____

Federal Accounting and Reporting Standard for Public Sector Organizations “Accounting Policies, Estimates and Errors”

I. General provisions

1. This federal accounting standard for public sector organizations of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Standard) was developed on the basis of the Federal Law of December 6, 2011 No. 402-FZ “On Accounting”, the Budget Code of the Russian Federation of July 31, 1998 No. 145-FZ, Federal Accounting Standard for Public Sector Organizations of the Russian Federation “Conceptual Framework for Accounting and Reporting in the Public Sector”.

2. This Standard establishes requirements for the formation, approval and change of accounting policies, as well as the rules for reflecting in the accounting (financial) statements the consequences of changes in accounting policies, estimates and corrections of errors.

3. This Standard uses terms and definitions with the meanings indicated below:

Accounting policy is a set of methods for organizing and maintaining accounting records used by the accounting entity.

Estimated value is a calculated or approximately determined value of any indicator necessary for accounting and (or) reflected in the accounting (financial) statements, in the absence of an exact method for determining it. Estimated values ​​include:

a) useful life of fixed assets and intangible assets;

b) the amount of estimated reserves;

c) the amount of depreciation charges;

d) the value of non-financial assets in cases provided for by federal and (or) industry accounting standards;

e) other similar indicators determined or calculated on the basis of the professional judgment of authorized persons in accordance with the requirements of the applicable legislation of the Russian Federation.

Prospective application of the changed accounting policy is the application of the changed accounting policy to the facts of economic life arising after the date of the corresponding change in the accounting policy.

Prospective recognition of the results of a change in an estimated value is the recognition of the results of a change in an estimated value in accounting and their reflection in the accounting (financial) statements in the reporting period in which the change occurred and in future reporting periods affected by the specified change.

Retrospective application of a changed accounting policy is the application of a changed accounting policy to facts of economic life in the same way as if the changed accounting policy had been applied from the moment the corresponding fact of economic life arose. Retrospective application of the changed accounting policy is carried out by adjusting the comparative indicators of the accounting (financial) statements for the previous year (years).

Retrospective restatement of accounting (financial) statements is the correction of an error of the previous year (years) by adjusting the comparative indicators of the accounting (financial) statements for the previous year (years) in such a way as if the error had not been made.

Terms and definitions given in other federal standards are used in this Standard in the same meaning as they are given in the specified federal standards, unless otherwise specified in this Standard.

III. Formation, approval and change of accounting policies

4. The accounting entity forms accounting policies based on the characteristics of its structure, industry and other characteristics of its activities, the powers and (or) functions it performs in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, guided by the legislation of the Russian Federation, federal and industry accounting standards, and other regulatory legal acts bodies regulating accounting, as well as the accounting policies of the body exercising the powers and functions of the founder.

If, in relation to any accounting object, the legislation of the Russian Federation on accounting, federal and industry accounting standards, and other regulatory legal acts of bodies regulating accounting do not establish rules for its reflection in accounting, the subject of accounting, in agreement with the body implementing functions and powers of the founder, and together with the financial body of the relevant public legal entity, determines the accounting policy based on the requirements established by the federal standard “Conceptual Framework for Accounting and Reporting for Public Sector Organizations”.

5. The accounting policy is formed by the chief accountant of the accounting entity or another individual (legal) person entrusted with maintaining accounting records.

The accounting policy is approved by the head of the accounting entity.

In the event of transfer of accounting and preparation of accounting (financial) statements of the accounting entity to centralized accounting, the body exercising the functions and powers of the founder has the right to determine the accounting policy to be applied.

The main provisions of the accounting policy are subject to public disclosure on the official website of the accounting entity on the Internet.

6. Acts of the accounting entity establishing the accounting policy of the accounting entity for the purposes of organizing and maintaining accounting shall approve:

a) the procedure for recognition (registration) and derecognition (retirement from accounting) of accounting items, methods for evaluating accounting items, as well as the procedure for disclosing information about them in accounting (financial) statements;

b) a working chart of accounts containing the accounting accounts necessary for maintaining synthetic and analytical accounting;

c) the procedure for conducting an inventory of assets and liabilities;

d) forms of primary (consolidated) accounting documents used to document facts of economic life, accounting registers and other accounting documents. The document forms approved by the accounting entity must contain the mandatory details of the primary accounting document provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation;

e) document flow rules, including the procedure and timing for the transfer of primary (consolidated) accounting documents in accordance with the approved document flow schedule for reflection in accounting;

f) technology for processing accounting information;

g) the procedure for organizing and ensuring (implementing) internal control;

h) other decisions necessary for organizing and maintaining accounting records and preparing accounting (financial) statements.

7. Accounting policies are applied consistently from year to year.

8. Changes in accounting policies are made in the following cases:

a) changes in the legislation of the Russian Federation on accounting, federal and (or) industry standards and regulatory legal acts of bodies regulating accounting;

b) development or selection by the accounting entity of an accounting method, the use of which will allow the presentation of reliable and more relevant information in the accounting (financial) statements;

c) a significant change in the operating conditions of the accounting entity, including its reorganization, changes in the powers assigned to the accounting entity and (or) the functions performed by it.

9. Changes in accounting policies are formalized by the accounting entity in the manner prescribed by paragraph 5 of this Standard.

10. Changes in accounting policies are made from the beginning of the reporting year, unless otherwise determined by the reason for such a change. Changes in accounting policies during the reporting year are made in agreement with the body exercising the functions and powers of the founder, and with the financial body of the relevant public legal entity.

11. The following is not considered a change in accounting policy:

a) the use of a method of organizing and maintaining accounting records to reflect facts of economic life that are essentially different from the facts of economic life that occurred previously;

b) approval of a new method of organizing and maintaining accounting records to reflect the facts of economic life that arose in the activities of the accounting entity for the first time.

12. The consequences of changes in accounting policies that have had or may have a significant impact on the financial position, financial performance and (or) cash flow of the accounting entity are assessed in monetary terms. The consequences of changes in accounting policies are assessed in monetary terms as of the date from which the changes are applied.

13. The consequences of changes in accounting policies caused by changes in the legislation of the Russian Federation on accounting, federal and (or) industry standards and other regulatory legal acts of bodies regulating accounting are reflected in accounting and reporting in the manner established by the relevant regulatory legal act. If the relevant regulatory legal act does not establish the procedure for reflecting the consequences of changes in accounting policies, then such consequences are reflected in accounting and reporting in the manner established by paragraph 14 of this Standard.

14. The consequences of a change in accounting policies caused by reasons other than those specified in paragraph 13 of this Standard, and which had or could have a significant impact on the financial position, financial performance and (or) cash flow of the accounting entity, are reflected by retrospective application of the changed accounting policy . In this case, the opening balances under the item “Financial result of an economic entity” of the balance sheet are subject to adjustment, as well as the values ​​of related items of the accounting (financial) statements for the earliest previous year for which comparative indicators are disclosed in the accounting (financial) statements, or at the beginning of the reporting year unless otherwise practicable. Adjusted comparative indicators of the previous year (years) are given in the accounting (financial) statements of the reporting year under the heading “Recalculated”.

The amounts of adjustments to comparative indicators are reflected by entries in the accounting accounts in the period in which the change in accounting policy occurred, in the manner determined by federal and (or) industry standards and other regulatory legal acts of the Ministry of Finance of Russia for the corresponding accounting items.

In the case of retrospective application of the amended accounting policy, the approved accounting (financial) statements for the previous year (years) are not subject to revision, replacement and re-presentation to users of the accounting (financial) statements.

15. In cases where it is not practicable to assess in monetary terms the consequences of a change in accounting policy in relation to previous years, the accounting entity applies the changed accounting policy to the facts of economic life arising after the date of the corresponding change in the accounting policy (prospective application of the changed accounting policy).

16. Retrospective application of a changed accounting policy is not practicable if the monetary assessment of the consequences of such a change:

a) cannot be made due to insufficiency (absence) of information for the corresponding previous year;

b) requires the use of estimated values ​​based on information that was not available at the date of presentation of the accounting (financial) statements for the previous year.

17. The composition and content of information on accounting policies that are subject to mandatory disclosure in accounting (financial) statements are established by the relevant federal and industry accounting standards.

With regard to changes in accounting policies that have had or are capable of having a significant impact on the financial position, financial results of operations and (or) cash flows of the accounting entity, the following information is disclosed in the Explanations to the accounting (financial) statements:

a) justification for changes in accounting policies;

c) the procedure for reflecting the consequences of changes in accounting policies in the accounting (financial) statements, including an indication of the circumstances in connection with which the chosen procedure is applied and the date from which the changed accounting policies are applied;

d) in the case of retrospective application of the changed accounting policy - the amount of adjustments associated with the change in the accounting policy for each item of the accounting (financial) statements for each of the previous years for which comparative indicators are disclosed in the accounting (financial) statements and;

e) in the case of retrospective application of the changed accounting policy - the amount of the adjustment relating to the years preceding those for which comparative indicators are disclosed in the accounting (financial) statements, to the extent practicable.

18. If a change in accounting policy is due to the application of a newly adopted regulatory legal act or an amended regulatory legal act, the fact of reflecting the consequences of a change in accounting policy in accordance with the procedure provided for by the adopted or amended regulatory legal act is also subject to disclosure.

19. If the disclosure of information provided for in paragraph 17 of this Standard is for any particular previous year for which comparative indicators are disclosed in the accounting (financial) statements, or for years preceding those for which the accounting (financial) statements comparative indicators are disclosed is impossible, the corresponding fact must be disclosed in the Notes to the accounting (financial) statements along with an indication of the reporting period in which the application of the amended accounting policy will begin.

IV. Reflection of changes in estimated values ​​in accounting (financial) statements

20. For the purposes of this Standard, a change in the estimated value is an adjustment to the value of an indicator reflected in accounting or accounting (financial) statements due to a change in assumptions, facts and circumstances on the basis of information about which its calculation was made.

21. A change in an accounting estimate is not a change in accounting policy, nor is it a correction of an error.

A change in the method of determining (calculating) an estimated value is a change in accounting policy.

If a change in the value of any indicator used for accounting or reflected in the accounting (financial) statements is not a consequence of a change in accounting policy, then for the purposes of reflection in the accounting (financial) statements such a change is recognized as a change in the estimated value.

22. Changes in the estimated value are reflected in the accounting (financial) statements prospectively, namely:

a) in the period in which the change occurred, if such a change affects the indicators of the accounting (financial) statements only for this reporting period;

b) in the period in which the change occurred, and in future periods, if such a change affects the accounting (financial) statements of this reporting period and the accounting (financial) statements of future periods.

The procedure for reflecting estimated values ​​and their changes in accounting is established by the relevant federal and (or) industry standards and other regulatory legal acts of the Ministry of Finance of Russia.

23. The Explanations to the accounting (financial) statements disclose the following information about changes in the estimated value:

a) a description of the change in the estimated value that affected the accounting (financial) statements for the reporting period;

b) a description of the change in the estimated value that will affect the accounting (financial) statements for future periods, except for cases where it is practically impossible to estimate in monetary terms the impact of a change in the estimated value on the accounting (financial) statements for future periods. The fact and reasons for the impossibility of such an assessment are also subject to disclosure.

V. Reflection of corrections of errors in accounting (financial) statements

24. An error in accounting (financial) statements for the purposes of this Standard is considered to be an omission and (or) distortion that arose during the maintenance of accounting records and (or) the preparation of accounting (financial) statements as a result of incorrect use or non-use of information about the facts of economic life of the reporting period , which was available on the date of signing the accounting (financial) statements and should have been received and used in the preparation of the accounting (financial) statements (hereinafter referred to as the reporting period error).

The date of signing of the accounting (financial) statements for the purposes of this Standard is the date of signing in accordance with the established procedure of the complete set of accounting (financial) statements.

25. Correction of an identified error is made in accounting by an additional accounting entry or an accounting entry prepared using the “Red Reversal” method and an additional accounting entry.

26. An error in the reporting period identified during the implementation of internal control after the date of signing of the accounting (financial) statements, but before the deadline for their submission, is corrected:

a) by making entries in the accounting accounts in the manner prescribed by clause 25 of this Standard, on the date determined by the decision of the body (official) responsible for internal control, and (or);

The deadline for submitting accounting (financial) statements for the purposes of this Standard is the last working day of the established deadline for sending them to the body authorized to accept accounting (financial) statements and (or) prepare consolidated accounting (financial) statements (hereinafter referred to as the authorized body).

27. An error in the reporting period identified during a desk audit of accounting (financial) statements after the deadline for its submission, but before the date of its acceptance by the authorized body, is corrected by decision of the authorized body based on the materiality of the identified error:

a) by making entries in the accounting accounts at the end of the reporting period in the manner prescribed by clause 25 of this Standard, and (or);

b) by correcting the accounting (financial) statements and signing the corrected accounting (financial) statements in accordance with the established procedure.

The corrected accounting (financial) statements are re-sent to the authorized body, as well as other users to whom the original accounting (financial) statements were submitted. The Explanations to the amended accounting (financial) statements provide information that these statements replace the originally presented accounting (financial) statements, the reasons for making the corrections and their content.

The date of acceptance of the accounting (financial) statements by the authorized body for the purposes of this Standard is considered to be the date it marks (sends a notification) about the acceptance of the accounting (financial) statements based on the results of a desk audit of the accounting (financial) statements.

28. An error in the reporting period identified during the implementation of internal financial control, external financial control, as well as internal control or internal financial audit after the date of acceptance of the accounting (financial) statements, but before the date of their approval, is corrected in the manner provided for in paragraph 27 of this Standard.

The date of approval of the accounting (financial) statements for the purposes of this Standard is the date of approval of the budget execution report of the relevant public legal entity or the date of approval of the accounting (financial) statements in accordance with budget legislation.

29. An error in the reporting period identified after the date of approval of the quarterly accounting (financial) statements is corrected by decision of the authorized body based on the significance of the identified error:

b) by disclosing in the Explanations to the accounting (financial) statements the period in which the error was discovered, a description of the error and the amount of the adjustment made.

30. An error in the reporting period identified after the date of approval of the annual accounting (financial) statements (hereinafter referred to as the error of the previous year) is corrected by decision of the authorized body based on the significance of the identified error:

a) by making entries in the accounting accounts in the period in which the error was discovered, in the manner prescribed by clause 25 of this Standard, and (or);

b) by retrospective recalculation of accounting (financial) statements. Comparative indicators disclosed in the accounting (financial) statements for the reporting year are subject to adjustment, starting from the previous year in which the error was made, except in cases where this is practically impossible. Adjusted comparative indicators of the previous year (years) are given in the accounting (financial) statements of the reporting year under the heading “Recalculated”.

Retrospective restatement of accounting (financial) statements is not practically possible in cases similar to those listed in clause 16 of this Standard.

In the case of a retrospective recalculation of accounting (financial) statements, the approved accounting (financial) statements for the previous year (years) are not subject to revision, replacement and re-presentation to users of the accounting (financial) statements

If an error was made earlier than the previous year for which comparative indicators are disclosed in the accounting (financial) statements, the opening balances under the item “Financial result of an economic entity” of the balance sheet, as well as the values ​​of related items in the accounting (financial) statements for the earliest previous year, are subject to adjustment. , for which comparative indicators are disclosed in the accounting (financial) statements.

In the case where it is practically impossible to unambiguously attribute the amounts of adjustments to a specific previous year, the opening balances under the item “Financial result of an economic entity” of the balance sheet, as well as the values ​​of related items of the accounting (financial) statements for the earliest previous year to which they can be adjusted, are subject to adjustment attributed either to the beginning of the reporting year.

31. With regard to errors of previous years, the following information is disclosed in the Explanations to the accounting (financial) statements for the reporting year:

a) description of the error;

b) the amount of adjustment for each item of the accounting (financial) statements for each of the previous years for which comparative indicators are disclosed in the accounting (financial) statements, to the extent practicable;

c) the total amount of the adjustment at the beginning of the earliest previous year for which comparative indicators are disclosed in the accounting (financial) statements;

d) a description of the reasons why it is not practicable to adjust the comparative indicators of the accounting (financial) statements for one or more previous years, as well as a description of the method for reflecting the correction of the error, indicating the period in which the corrections are reflected.

VI. Entry into force and transitional provisions

32. This Standard is applied when preparing accounting (financial) statements for periods beginning on January 1, 2018. Earlier application is permitted by agreement with the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation.

33. If this Standard is applied when preparing accounting (financial) statements for a period that began earlier than January 1, 2018, this fact is disclosed in the Notes to the accounting (financial) statements.

34. If any requirements of this Standard are not applied in connection with the application of transitional provisions to other federal standards, this fact is disclosed in the Explanations to the accounting (financial) statements.

The Ministry of Finance has prepared a draft order approving the federal accounting standard for public sector organizations “Accounting policies, estimates and errors” (hereinafter referred to as the Standard). Although this document is at the draft stage, it is planned that it will be applied from January 1, 2018.

The Standard establishes requirements for the formation, approval and change of accounting policies, as well as rules for reflecting in the financial statements the consequences of changes in accounting policies, estimates and corrections of errors.

Formation and approval of accounting policies

Currently, the general requirements for the formation of the accounting policies of institutions are defined in the Law on Accounting and Instruction No. 157n. The Standard also contains similar provisions, but they are supplemented by new rules.

In particular, as now, state (municipal) institutions will draw up accounting policies independently, based on their structure, industry and other characteristics of their activities, while being guided by the legislation of the Russian Federation, federal and industry standards, and other regulatory legal acts of regulatory bodies. At the same time, according to the Standard, institutions can also be guided by the accounting policies of the body exercising the powers and functions of the founder.

The Standard specifies what is formed by the chief accountant of the institution or other individual (legal) person entrusted with accounting, and approved by the head of the institution.

If accounting in an institution is carried out by centralized accounting, the founder has the right to determine the accounting policy applied in the institution.

Note: According to the Standard, the main provisions of the accounting policies are subject to public disclosure on the official website of the institution.

The accounting policy of the institution must contain:

the procedure for recognition (registration) and derecognition (deregistration) of accounting items, as well as methods for their evaluation and the procedure for disclosing information about them in the financial statements;

worker, containing the accounts necessary for maintaining synthetic and analytical accounting;

the procedure for conducting an inventory of assets and liabilities;

forms of primary (consolidated) accounting documents used to document facts of economic life, registers and other accounting documents. The document forms approved by the accounting entity must contain the mandatory details provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation;

document flow rules, including the procedure and timing for the transfer of primary accounting documents in accordance with the approved document flow schedule;

technology for processing accounting information;

the procedure for organizing and ensuring (implementing) internal financial control;

other decisions necessary for organizing and maintaining accounting records and preparing financial statements.

Change in accounting policy

The Standard specifies cases when changes are made to accounting policies. These include cases:

1) changes in the legislation of the Russian Federation on accounting, federal and industry standards and regulations of bodies regulating accounting;

2) development or selection of an accounting method, the use of which will allow the presentation of reliable and more relevant information in the financial statements;

3) significant changes in the operating conditions of the institution, including its reorganization, changes in the powers assigned to it and the functions performed.

As a rule, changes in accounting policies are made from the beginning of the reporting year, unless otherwise determined by the reason for such a change. If changes are made during the reporting year, approval is required from the founder and the financial authority of the relevant public legal entity.

Note: are not considered a change in accounting policy:

application of a method of organizing and maintaining accounting records to reflect facts of economic life that are essentially different from transactions that took place previously;

approval of a new method of organizing and maintaining accounting records to reflect the facts of economic life that arose for the first time in the activities of the institution.

Consequences of changes in accounting policies

The Standard describes in sufficient detail the procedure for reflecting in accounting and financial statements the consequences of changes in accounting policies (hereinafter referred to as the consequences of changes in the AP). These provisions are an innovation for state (municipal) institutions, since such norms are not established in the current regulatory legal acts.

According to the Standard, the consequences of changes in the management program that have had or are capable of having a significant impact on the financial position, financial performance and (or) cash flow of the institution are assessed in monetary terms. This assessment is made as of the date from which these changes apply.

The procedure for reflecting the consequences of changes in the CP will depend on the case that resulted in the need to make such changes. For clarity, we present this order in the form of a diagram:

For reference.

Retrospective application of a changed accounting policy is the application of changes to the facts of economic life in the same way as if the changed accounting policy had been applied from the moment the corresponding fact arose. Retrospective application of a changed accounting policy is achieved by adjusting the comparative amounts for the prior year(s).

In the case of retrospective application of the amended accounting policy, the opening balances under the item “Financial result of an economic entity” of the balance sheet, as well as the indicators of related items of the financial statements for the earliest previous year for which comparative indicators are disclosed in the financial statements, or at the beginning of the reporting year, are subject to adjustment. unless otherwise is practically impossible. Adjusted comparative figures for the previous year(s) are presented in the financial statements of the reporting year under the heading “Recalculated”.

In this case, the financial statements for the previous year (years) are not subject to revision, replacement or re-presentation.

The amounts of adjustments to comparative indicators are reflected in entries in the accounting accounts in the period in which the change in accounting policy occurred.

Note: Retrospective application of a changed accounting policy is not practicable if the monetary value of the consequences of such change is:

1) cannot be carried out due to insufficient (lack of) information for the corresponding previous year;

2) requires the use of estimates based on information that was not available at the date of presentation of financial statements for the previous year.

In these cases, the institution applies the changed accounting policy to facts of economic life that arise after the date of change in the accounting policy (prospective application of the changed accounting policy).

Disclosure of information in reporting

Information about the accounting policy of the institution is subject to disclosure in the accounting (financial) statements. The composition and content of such information are established by the relevant federal and industry standards.

With regard to changes in accounting policies, the following information is disclosed in the notes to the accounting (financial) statements:

justification for changes;

the procedure for reflecting the consequences of changing the accounting policy in the financial statements, including indications of the circumstances in connection with which the chosen procedure is applied, and the date from which the changed accounting policy is applied.

In case of retrospective application of the changed accounting policy, the following is indicated:

the amount of adjustments for each item in the financial statements for each of the previous years for which comparative indicators are disclosed;

adjustment amounts relating to years prior to those for which comparative figures are disclosed in the financial statements, to the extent practicable.

Change in estimates

An estimated value is a calculated or approximately determined value of any indicator necessary for accounting and reflected in the financial statements. Estimated values ​​include:

useful life of fixed assets and intangible assets;

the amount of reserves for future expenses;

the amount of depreciation charges;

the value of non-financial assets (in cases provided for by federal and industry standards);

other similar indicators determined on the basis of the professional judgment of authorized persons.

According to the Standard, a change in the estimated value is an adjustment to the value of an indicator reflected in accounting or financial statements due to a change in the facts and circumstances on the basis of information about which its calculation was made.

Note: A change in an estimate is not a change in accounting policy, nor is it a correction of an error. However, a change in the method of determining (calculating) the estimated value is recognized as a change in accounting policy.

Thus, if a change in any indicator used for accounting or reflected in reporting is not a consequence of a change in accounting policy, then the said change is recognized as a change in the estimated value.

The procedure for reflection in accounting estimated values ​​and their changes are established by the relevant federal or industry standards and other regulatory legal acts of the Ministry of Finance.

The procedure for reflection in financial statements.

Changes in the estimated value are reflected in the financial statements prospectively, namely:

in the period in which the change occurred, if such a change affects the indicators of the accounting (financial) statements only for this reporting period;

in the period in which the change occurred and in future periods if such change affects the financial statements of that reporting period and future periods.

Disclosure of information in reporting.

The notes to the accounting (financial) statements disclose the following information about changes in the estimated value:

description of the change in the estimated value that affected the accounting (financial) statements for the reporting period;

a description of a change in the estimated value that will affect the accounting (financial) statements for future periods, except for cases where it is practically impossible to estimate in monetary terms the impact of a change in the estimated value on the accounting (financial) statements for future periods. The fact and reasons for the impossibility of this assessment are also subject to disclosure.

Reflection of corrections of errors in financial statements

The Standard explains what is recognized as an error in the financial statements, provides the procedure for correcting it depending on the period when the error was discovered, as well as the procedure for disclosing information in the notes to the financial statements.

Error in accounting statements omissions and (or) distortions that arose during the maintenance of accounting and (or) the preparation of financial statements as a result of incorrect use of information about the facts of economic life of the reporting period, which was available on the date of signing the statements and should have been received and used in its preparation ( hereinafter – reporting period error).

For reference: The date of signing of the financial statements is considered to be the date of signing in accordance with the established procedure a complete set of accounting (financial) statements.

The deadline for submitting financial statements is the last working day of the established deadline for sending them to the body authorized to accept financial statements and (or) prepare consolidated financial statements (hereinafter referred to as the authorized body).

The date of acceptance of the financial statements by the authorized body is the date it marks (sends a notification) about the acceptance of the statements based on the results of the desk audit.

The date of approval of the financial statements is the date of approval of the budget execution report of the relevant public legal entity or the date of approval of the financial statements in accordance with budget legislation.

The procedure for correcting the error.

Correction of the identified error is made in accounting by an additional accounting entry or an accounting entry issued in the “red reversal” method and an additional accounting entry. We present in the table the procedure for correcting errors depending on the period of their discovery.

In the case of a retrospective recalculation of financial statements, approved statements for the previous year (years) are not subject to revision, replacement and re-presentation to users of accounting (financial) statements.

If the error was made earlier than the previous year for which comparative indicators are disclosed in the financial statements, the opening balances under the item “Financial result of an economic entity” of the balance sheet, as well as the values ​​of related reporting items for the earliest previous year for which comparative indicators are disclosed, are subject to adjustment.

In the case where it is practically impossible to unambiguously attribute the amounts of adjustments to a specific previous year, the opening balances under the item “Financial result of an economic entity” of the balance sheet, as well as the values ​​of related items of the accounting (financial) statements for the earliest previous year to which they can be adjusted, are subject to adjustment attributed either to the beginning of the reporting year.

The procedure for disclosing information in reporting regarding errors of previous years.

The notes to the financial statements for the reporting year disclose the following information:

error description;

the amount of adjustment for each item of the accounting (financial) statements for each of the previous years for which comparative indicators are disclosed in the accounting (financial) statements, to the extent practicable;

the total amount of the adjustment at the beginning of the earliest previous year for which comparative indicators are disclosed in the accounting (financial) statements;

a description of the reasons why it is not practicable to adjust the comparative indicators of the accounting (financial) statements for one or more previous years, as well as a description of the method for reflecting the correction of the error, indicating the period in which the corrections are reflected.

Let's summarize all of the above. The Standard contains general requirements for the formation, approval and change of accounting policies. The procedure for reflecting the consequences of changes in accounting policies in accounting and financial statements is described in detail. This document also establishes rules for reflecting changes in estimated values ​​and corrections of errors in financial statements.

With the entry into force of this standard, the main provisions of the accounting policy are subject to public disclosure on the official website of the institution.

It is planned that the Standard will be applied when preparing financial statements for periods beginning on January 1, 2018. Earlier application is permitted by agreement with the Ministry of Finance.

That is, nothing will change here. Let us dwell on the innovations concerning the procedure for reflecting in budget (accounting) statements the consequences of changes in accounting policies, estimated values ​​and corrections of errors.

Consequences of adjustments to accounting policies

Procedure for applying changes. It is necessary to apply the changed accounting policy to the facts of economic life either prospectively or retrospectively.

Prospective application of the changed accounting policy is carried out after the date of its adjustment, and retrospective application is as if the adjusted accounting policy had been applied from the moment the corresponding fact of economic life arose.

In the event that the legislation of the Russian Federation on accounting, the provisions of federal and (or) industry standards change, regulations governing accounting and reporting are adopted or amended, the consequences of changes in accounting policies are reflected in accounting and reporting in accordance with the provisions of the relevant regulations. If there are no requirements to reflect the consequences in the above-mentioned acts, the retrospective method is used.

In the same way, the consequences of changes in accounting policies caused by other reasons that have had or could have a significant impact on the financial position, financial result or cash flow of the institution are reflected.

The consequences of the adjustment are assessed in monetary terms (value terms) as of the date from which changes in accounting policies are applied.

When applying the retrospective method, the following are subject to adjustment:

Reporting indicators at the beginning of the reporting period (opening balances) under the item “Financial result of an economic entity” of the balance sheet;

The figures for related financial statements for the earliest year preceding the year for which the comparative figures are disclosed. Information on adjustments to comparative indicators of the previous year (years) is indicated in the statements of the current reporting year.

If a changed accounting policy is applied retrospectively, there is no need to revise, amend or re-present the financial statements for the previous year.

It is unacceptable to apply an accounting policy retrospectively if the assessment in monetary (value) terms of the consequences of its change:

Cannot be made due to insufficiency (absence) of information for the corresponding previous year;

Requires the use of estimates based on information that was not available at the reporting date for the prior year.

Therefore, in cases where it is impossible to assess the consequences of a change in accounting policy for previous years, the prospective method is used.

Disclosure of consequences in reporting. With regard to the consequences of changes in accounting policies, the notes to the accounting (financial) statements provide the following information:

1) justification for changes;

3) the procedure for reflecting the consequences of changes in accounting policies in the reporting, including an indication of the circumstances in connection with which the chosen procedure is applied, and the date from which the changed accounting policies are applied;

4) in case of retrospective application of accounting policies:

Amounts of adjustments associated with changes in accounting policies for each item in the accounting (financial) statements for each of the previous years for which comparative indicators are disclosed in the statements;

The amount of adjustment relating to years prior to those for which comparative amounts are disclosed. This amount is disclosed on a comparable basis when such adjustments are determinable;

5) the fact that it is impossible to reflect information regarding comparative indicators for the year (years) preceding the year of adjustment of the accounting policy. At the same time, information about the application of the changed accounting policy is indicated.

Estimated value

The essence of the estimated value. An estimated value is a calculated or approximately determined value of any indicator necessary for accounting and (or) reflected in reporting, in the absence of an exact way to determine it. These values ​​include:

Useful lives of fixed assets and intangible assets;

The amount of estimated reserves;

Amounts of depreciation charges;

The cost of non-financial assets (in cases provided for by federal and industry accounting standards);

Other values ​​of an indicator necessary for accounting and (or) reflected in reporting, calculated or approximately (estimated) determined on the basis of expert opinions (professional judgments) in the absence of an exact method for its determination.

A change in the estimated value reflected in accounting and reporting due to a change in assumptions, circumstances, information on the basis of which the total values ​​of the estimated values ​​were determined is not recognized as a correction of an error, or a change in accounting policy. As for adjusting the method of determining (calculating) the estimated value, it is a change in accounting policy and is subject to disclosure in the reporting.

If an adjustment to the value of any accounting and reporting indicator is not a consequence of a change in accounting policy, such an adjustment is recognized as a change in the estimated value.

Disclosure of changes in accounting estimates. A change in the estimated value is reflected in the accounting (financial) statements prospectively, that is:

In the period in which the change occurred, if such a change affects the reporting indicators only for this reporting period;

In the period in which the change occurred and in future periods, if such change affects the reporting of that reporting period and future periods.

The notes to the financial statements reflect the following information about changes in the estimated value:

Description of the change in the estimated value that affected the reporting for the reporting period, indicating the monetary (cost) values ​​of such changes;

A description of the change in the estimated value that will affect the performance of the periods following the reporting period, indicating the monetary (cost) values ​​of such changes. If it is not possible to determine the impact of a change on financial statements for future periods, this is reported in the notes.

Error correction

GHS “Accounting Policies” provides the following rules for correcting errors in accounting (financial) statements depending on the period of their detection (occurrence).

GHS “Events after the reporting date”

Accounting data and reporting created on their basis are formed on the basis of the materiality of the facts of economic life that have had or may have an impact on the financial condition, cash flow or results of operations of the institution and occurred in the period between the reporting date and the date of signing the statements. Such material facts are called events after the reporting date.

For the purpose of applying the standard, these events are classified as follows:

For each of the listed events, there is a specific order of reflection in accounting and reporting:

In the event that information about an event after the reporting date is not reflected in accounting and (or) reporting, for example, due to the late receipt of primary documents or in order to meet reporting deadlines, a description of the specified event and its assessment in monetary terms are given in the accompanying document to the reporting or are disclosed in the explanatory note (explanations) to the reporting.

If, in the period between the date of signing the statements and the date of their acceptance (approval), new information is received about an event after the reporting date and (or) an event has occurred (identified) that may have a significant impact on the financial position, financial result and (or) cash flow funds of the institution, a description of such an event and its assessment in monetary terms are communicated to the users to whom the reporting is submitted.

According to the GHS “Accounting Policies”, it is necessary to apply the changed accounting policies to the facts of economic life either prospectively or retrospectively. Prospective application of the changed accounting policy is carried out after the date of its adjustment, and retrospective application is as if the adjusted accounting policy had been applied from the moment the corresponding fact of economic life arose.

By virtue of the provisions of the GHS “Events after the reporting date”, events are classified as evidence of operating conditions that existed at the reporting date or as evidence of operating conditions that arose after the reporting date. Each case has its own order of reflection in accounting and reporting.

In this article, we introduce you to another standard for government institutions, “Accounting Policies, Estimates and Errors,” which must be applied from January 1, 2019. We talk about the uniform requirements for the most important document for an organization - the accounting policy, and about two ways to reflect amendments made to it: prospective and retrospective. From 01.01.2019, if an error is discovered, the statements will have to be recalculated for all years that have passed since the error was committed.

Let's consider the new unified requirements for accounting policies and two ways to reflect amendments made to them: prospective and retrospective. From 01.01.2019, if an error is discovered, the statements will have to be recalculated for all years that have passed since the error was committed.

Legal basis

Order 274n of the Ministry of Finance states that the standard was developed for use in the public sector of the economy in budgetary and accounting. From 01/01/2019, state-owned, budgetary and autonomous organizations will have to formulate their accounting policies according to the rules set out in it.

General provisions

The main objective of the new standard is to approve uniform and mandatory for all criteria for the creation, approval and use of accounting policies, as well as making the necessary amendments to them. The federal standard also defines the procedure for including in reporting information about correcting identified errors and adjusting estimated values.

Reflection of changes in estimated values ​​in financial statements and disclosure of information

1. Adjustment of the calculation method.
2. Change in information or other circumstances on the basis of which the calculation was made.

The first item is a change in accounting policy and should be reflected in the financial statements as indicated in the previous section. The second option for adjusting the estimated value is taken into account prospectively in the period when the adjustment is made and in the future. The reporting discloses the following information about

• description;
• value in monetary terms in the reporting period;
• value in monetary terms in future periods, if this can be determined.

Reflection of corrections of errors in financial statements

An error in reporting is considered to be distortions caused by the incorrect use or non-use of information about the facts of economic life that was available when generating the reporting forms.

If an error is identified on the date of signing the report, but before submission to the authorized body, a corrective accounting transaction is performed or the erroneous one is reversed and a new one is made on the last day of the reporting period. Updated reporting forms are being prepared.

If an error is identified after the reporting is submitted, but before the date of approval of the consolidated report, the decision to correct it will be made by the authorized body, to which the corresponding message must be sent. There are two options:

1. The error is corrected on the last day of the reporting period, and the updated reporting is re-sent to the authorized body.
2. The error is corrected in the new reporting period, information about it is disclosed in the explanatory note to the report.

If an error is identified at the end of the reporting year, to correct it it is necessary to make a retrospective recalculation for previous years, starting from the year in which it was made. Comparative indicators are adjusted as if there had been no error. At the same time, previously provided reporting does not change and is not provided again. If it is impossible to make changes within the year in which the error was made, the nearest opening balance under the item “Financial result” is changed. The adjusted results are displayed in the new reporting period marked “Recalculated.” The explanatory note discloses the following information:

• error description;
• the amount of adjustment overall and for each item;
• a description of the reasons if correction for one or more previous years was not possible;
• description of the method for correcting the error and the period of reflection in accounting.

In this way, you should work with all accounting violations identified by internal control, external audit, and desk audits.

In previous issues of the magazine, we familiarized ourselves with certain federal accounting standards for public sector organizations approved under the Program, which will come into force in 2018. It was assumed that 11 standards would come into effect from the new year.

However, the plans of the Ministry of Finance have changed, and the date of entry into force of some of them has been postponed to 01/01/2020. Today, three federal standards remain to be approved, the drafts of which are posted on the Ministry of Finance website. One of them is “Accounting Policies, Estimates and Errors” (hereinafter referred to as the “Accounting Policies” Standard). This is what will be discussed in this article.

Subject of regulation.

The Accounting Policies standard regulates the following issues:

• features of the formation, approval and change of accounting policies;
• the procedure for reflecting changes in estimated values ​​in accounting (financial) statements;
• rules for reflecting corrections of errors in accounting (financial) statements.

Let's look at the main points.

Accounting policy and its components.

Accounting policy is a set of methods for organizing and maintaining accounting records used by the accounting entity consistently from year to year.

The responsibility for the formation of accounting policies lies with the chief accountant or other individual (legal) person within the framework of the powers assigned to him for accounting, and, upon approval, with the head of the accounting entity.

An accounting policy is drawn up based on the characteristics of the institution’s structure, industry and other nuances of its activities, carried out by it in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and (or) functions. At the same time, the provisions of the current legislative acts of the Russian Federation, federal and industry accounting standards, other regulatory legal acts of bodies regulating accounting, as well as the accounting policies of the body exercising the powers and functions of the founder are taken into account.

If, in relation to any accounting object, the above-mentioned regulatory legal acts do not provide for the rules for its reflection in accounting, the institution, in agreement with the founder and financial body of the relevant public legal entity, determines the accounting policy based on the requirements established by the Federal Standard “Conceptual Fundamentals of Accounting” and reporting for public sector organizations”, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated December 31, 2016 No. 256n.

The following must be approved as part of the accounting policy:

• the procedure for recognizing and derecognizing accounting items, methods for assessing accounting items, as well as the procedure for disclosing information about them in accounting (financial) statements;
• a working chart of accounts containing the accounting accounts necessary for maintaining synthetic and analytical accounting;
• the procedure for conducting an inventory of assets and liabilities;
• forms of primary (consolidated) accounting documents used to reflect the facts of economic life, registers and other accounting documents for which the legislation of the Russian Federation does not establish mandatory forms for their preparation. At the same time, the approved document forms must contain the mandatory details of the primary accounting document provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation;
• document flow rules and technology for processing accounting information, including the procedure and timing for the transfer of primary (consolidated) accounting documents in accordance with the approved document flow schedule for reflection in accounting;
• the procedure for organizing and ensuring (implementing) internal control;
• other decisions necessary for organizing and maintaining accounting records and generating accounting (financial) statements.

Change in accounting policy.

Changes in accounting policies are made from the beginning of the reporting period, unless otherwise determined by the reason for such change.

The “Accounting Policies” standard allows for changes in accounting policies when the following circumstances arise (clause 8):

• application of a method of organizing and maintaining accounting records to reflect facts of economic life that are essentially different from the facts of economic life that occurred previously;
• approval of a new method of organizing and maintaining accounting records to reflect the facts of economic life that arose for the first time in the activities of the institution.

Methods for applying the changed accounting policy.

The Accounting Policies standard provides for retrospective and prospective application of changed accounting policies.

The Accounting Policies standard establishes the need to assess the consequences of changes in accounting policies that have had or may have a significant impact on the financial position, financial performance and (or) cash flow of the institution, in monetary terms. This assessment is made as of the date from which the changes apply.

Consequences of changes in accounting policies caused by:

• changes in the legislation of the Russian Federation on accounting, federal and (or) industry standards and other regulatory legal acts of bodies regulating accounting are reflected in accounting and reporting in the manner established by the relevant regulatory legal act. In the absence of such a procedure, the retrospective method is used;
• reasons other than those indicated above, which had or could have a significant impact on the financial position, financial results of operations and (or) cash flows of the institution, are reflected by retrospective application of the amended accounting policy.

When applying the retrospective method, adjustments are made to the incoming balances under the item “Financial result of an economic entity” of the balance sheet, as well as the values ​​of related items in the accounting (financial) statements for the earliest previous year for which comparative indicators are disclosed in the accounting (financial) statements, or at the beginning reporting year, unless otherwise is practicable.

The amounts of adjustments to comparative indicators are reflected in entries in the accounting accounts in the period in which the change in accounting policy occurred.

Retrospective application of a changed accounting policy is not practicable if the monetary value of the consequences of the change is:

• cannot be made due to insufficient (lack of) information for the corresponding previous year;
• requires the use of estimates based on information that was not available at the date of presentation of the accounting (financial) statements for the previous year.

In cases where it is not practicable to assess in monetary terms the consequences of a change in accounting policy in relation to previous reporting years, the institution applies the changed accounting policy to the facts of economic life that arise after the date of the corresponding change in the accounting policy (prospective application of the changed accounting policy).

Disclosure of changes in accounting policies in financial statements.

With regard to changes in accounting policies, the following information is disclosed in the notes to the accounting (financial) statements:

1) justification for changes;

3) the procedure for reflecting the consequences of changes in accounting policies in the reporting, including indications of the circumstances in connection with which the chosen procedure is applied, and the date from which the changed accounting policies are applied;

4) in case of retrospective application of the changed accounting policy:

• the amount of adjustments associated with changes in accounting policies for each item in the accounting (financial) statements for each of the previous years for which comparative indicators are disclosed in the statements;
• the amount of the adjustment relating to years prior to those for which comparative figures are disclosed, to the extent practicable.

In a situation where a change in accounting policy is due to the application of a newly adopted regulatory legal act or an amended regulatory legal act, the fact of reflecting the consequences of a change in accounting policy in accordance with the procedure provided for by the adopted or amended regulatory legal act is also subject to disclosure.

Estimated values ​​and the procedure for reflecting their changes in reporting.

An estimated value is a calculated or approximately determined value of any indicator necessary for accounting and (or) reflected in the accounting (financial) statements, in the absence of an exact way to determine it. Estimated values ​​include:

• useful life of fixed assets and intangible assets;
• the amount of estimated reserves;
• the amount of depreciation charges;
• the value of non-financial assets (in cases provided for by federal and industry accounting standards);
• other similar indicators determined on the basis of the professional judgment of authorized persons in accordance with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation.

A change in the estimated value is an adjustment to the value of an indicator reflected in accounting or accounting (financial) statements due to a change in assumptions, facts and circumstances on the basis of information about which its calculation was made.

Note:

A change in an accounting estimate is not a change in accounting policy, nor is it a correction of an error.

A change in the estimated value is recognized in accounting and reflected in the accounting (financial) statements prospectively, that is:

• in the period in which the change occurred, if such a change affects the reporting indicators only for this reporting period;
• in the period in which the change occurred and in future periods if such change affects the reporting of that reporting period and future periods.

• a description of the change in the estimated value that affected the reporting for the reporting period;
• A description of the change in estimate that will affect future reporting. The exception is cases where it is practically impossible to estimate in monetary terms the impact of a change in the estimated value on reporting for future periods. The fact and reasons for the impossibility of this assessment are also subject to disclosure.

Rules for correcting errors in reporting.

An error in accounting (financial) reporting is an omission and (or) distortion resulting from the incorrect use or non-use of information about the facts of economic life.

Errors, depending on the date of their detection (identification), are divided into errors of the reporting period and the previous reporting period.

The Accounting Policy standard provides the following rules for correcting such errors:

* Retrospective restatement of financial statements is the correction of an error of the previous reporting year (years) by adjusting the comparative reporting indicators for the previous reporting year (years) in such a way as if the error had not been made. Moreover, comparative indicators disclosed in the reporting for the reporting year are subject to adjustment, starting from the previous year in which the error was made, except in cases where this is practically impossible.

* * *

Some provisions of the Accounting Policies Standard duplicate the provisions of the Accounting Law and Instruction No. 157n, but there are also important innovations. These include prospective and retrospective application of amended accounting policies, prospective recognition of the results of changes in estimated values, and retrospective restatement of accounting (financial) statements.

It is planned that this federal standard will be applied when preparing accounting (financial) statements for periods after January 1, 2018. Earlier application is permitted by agreement with the Ministry of Finance, and this fact is disclosed in the notes to the accounting (financial) statements.

Program for the development of federal accounting standards for public sector organizations, approved. By Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated April 10, 2015 No. 64n.

These are the federal standards “Non-produced assets”, “Inventories”, “Biological assets” (see the draft order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation “On amendments to the program for the development of federal accounting standards for public sector organizations, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation of April 10 2015 No. 64n").

Federal Law of December 6, 2011 No. 402-FZ “On Accounting”.

Instructions for the application of the Unified Chart of Accounts for public authorities (state bodies), local governments, management bodies of state extra-budgetary funds, state academies of sciences, state (municipal) institutions, approved. By Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated December 1, 2010 No. 157n.

Yu. Ershov, magazine expert