Silence behind the Rogozhskaya outpost. The tomb of frost benefactors has regained its original appearance Famous people buried at the Rogozhskoe cemetery

The Rogozhskoe cemetery arose as a result of the plague epidemic that broke out in Moscow in 1770-1772. and claimed many lives of citizens. The fight against the plague led to the closure of cemeteries within the city. The closed graveyards included Old Believer cemeteries behind the Tverskaya Gate and at the Donskoy Monastery. To replace these cemeteries, a new one was established. It was located three miles from the Rogozhskaya outpost, which is why it also became known as Rogozhsky. The location was not chosen by chance: the Old Believer village of Novoandronovka was located here. Over time, the Rogozhskoe cemetery became the spiritual center of the Old Believers of the Belokrinitsky consent. I showed three Old Believer churches - , and - in previous posts; today’s story will be dedicated to the necropolis.

Before the revolution, only Old Believers were buried in the cemetery: clergy, trustees, honorary citizens, persons closely involved in the fate of the cemetery and ordinary Old Believers. The most common form of tombstone was a sarcophagus made of white stone, black marble or granite. On the tombstone there were inscriptions about the name and date of death of the person, age, day of the angel and social status, some contained information about the years spent in marriage.

On April 29, 2017, Metropolitan Cornelius of Moscow and All Rus' consecrated the recreated memorial obelisk dedicated to the first burials of Old Believers during the plague epidemic in Moscow. The original obelisk was located on a mound that consisted of two mass graves of those who died of the plague. It stood until the 1920s. and was demolished by the Bolsheviks.

To recreate the obelisk, specialists carefully studied the cemetery archives and found ancient drawings.

The new obelisk, like the old one, is made of black granite and white marble. The monument bears Adam's head and four inscriptions. On the eastern side it is written about the foundation of the cemetery, on the western side lines from the Book of Wisdom of Solomon are written in Slavic. Translated into Russian, they sound as follows: “But the souls of the righteous are in the hand of God, and torment will not touch them. In the eyes of the foolish, they seemed dead, and their outcome was considered destruction, and their departure from us - destruction; but they remain in peace. For ", although they are punished in the eyes of people, their hope is full of immortality. And punished a little, they will be greatly benefited, because God tested them and found them worthy of Him. He tested them like gold in a crucible and accepted them as an all-perfect sacrifice." On the southern side there is a poem about the tragedy of the plague epidemic, on the northern side there is also a description in poetic form of the symptoms and course of this disease.

After the revolution, the cemetery ceased to be only an Old Believer cemetery. In the 1930-40s. Victims of political repression were secretly buried here. Also on the territory of the cemetery there are two groups of mass graves of soldiers who died during the Great Patriotic War and died in Moscow hospitals.

In the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries, representatives of famous Old Believer merchant families were buried at the Rogozhskoye cemetery: the Kuznetsovs, Melnikovs, Morozovs, Rakhmanovs, Ryabushinskys, Soldatenkovs, Solovyovs, Shelaputins and others. Many of the tombstones are no longer to be found. In the 1930s The Rogozhskoe cemetery became one of the largest “suppliers” of granite for socialist construction sites, including the Moscow metro. Naturally, granite was obtained as a result of the demolition of stone sarcophagi. Thus, the burial place of Pavel Mikhailovich and Alexandra Stepanovna Ryabushinsky has not been preserved. Pavel Mikhailovich Ryabushinsky was a Russian entrepreneur and philanthropist, the son of the founder of the Ryabushinsky dynasty, Mikhail Yakovlevich. In 1884, Pavel Mikhailovich became a hereditary honorary citizen.

The burials of the entrepreneur and philanthropist Kozma Terentyevich Soldatenkov, the “porcelain king” Matvey Sidorovich Kuznetsov and many other Old Believers were lost. On April 29, 2017, Metropolitan Korniliy of Moscow and All Rus' consecrated a worship cross in memory of the Old Believers buried at the Rogozhskoye cemetery, whose tombstones have not been preserved.

A special section of the Rogozhsky cemetery is the bishop's graves, a place revered by the Old Believers. The burial of the Old Believer clergy consists of rows of white wooden eight-pointed crosses, numbering about 40, and several black sarcophagi. Archbishops Anthony (died in 1881), Savvaty (1825-1898), Arkady (1809-1899), Konon (1797-1884) rest under four sarcophagi. The last two were arrested in the 1850s. and were imprisoned in the Suzdal Spaso-Evfimiev Monastery, where they spent the rest of their days in prison. Under the fifth sarcophagus rest Bishops Anastasius (1896-1986), Gerontius (1872-1951), Archbishops Irinarch (1881-1952), Joseph (1886-1970), who led the Church in Soviet times. A white sarcophagus was installed on the grave of Metropolitan Alimpiy (1929-2003).

Opposite the bishop's graves, on the other side of the central alley, is the family burial place of porcelain manufacturer and benefactor Matvey Sidorovich Kuznetsov. The family's tomb has not survived. To the south is the family burial place of Makar Vasilyevich Solovyov, a Moscow merchant of the 1st guild.

Nearby, under an iron canopy, are the graves of the famous Old Believer Morozov family.

The design of the iron canopy was carried out by the famous architect F. O. Shekhtel.

At the Old Believer Rogozhskoe cemetery, restoration of the Morozov tomb began.
First, a little historical background:
The Rogozhskoe cemetery in Moscow was organized in 1771 with the highest permission of Empress Catherine II, who allowed the Old Believers to have a separate place for burying victims of the raging pestilence (plague).
Already in 1823, an Old Believer settlement with churches, chapels, residential buildings, almshouses was organized around the cemetery - the number of inhabitants was 990 people.
By the middle of the 19th century. The Rogozhskoe cemetery is the spiritual and administrative center of the Russian Orthodox Old Believer Church.
The necropolis of the Rogozhsky cemetery was formed in the second half of the 19th century. On the main alley of the cemetery, separately behind a low wrought-iron fence, are located the “Bishop’s Graves” - the burial place of the highest clergy of the Old Believer Church. On the opposite side are the family graves of the Morozovs and Solovyovs. On the grave marble monuments and tombstones are the names of prominent figures in industry, financial capital and philanthropists, merchants and philanthropists of the “Golden Age”, the most prominent Old Believers: the Shelaputins, Rakhmanovs, Pugovkins, Butikovs, Kuznetsovs, Ryabushinskys, Soldatenkovs and many representatives of merchant families.
Today, in the vast areas of the necropolis, no more than 35-40 family burials have been preserved.
After the revolutions of 1917, the cemetery lost its purely Old Believer flavor. In the 1930s and 1940s, victims of political repression were secretly buried in the cemetery, including military leaders Ya. V. Smushkevich, P. V. Rychagov, G. M. Stern, and A. D. Loktionov, who were executed in October 1941. On the territory there are two groups of mass graves of soldiers who died during the Great Patriotic War and died in Moscow hospitals. (It should be noted that in the forties of the last century, many monuments made of Italian marble and granite were expropriated for the construction and decoration of the Moscow Metro, which was then under construction).
The cemetery is currently closed and only family burials are taking place.

The crypt of the largest family of Old Believers entrepreneurs, the Morozovs. The descendants of Savva Vasilyevich Morozov (1770-1860) are buried here, in particular, his son Timofey, “hereditary honorary citizen” Sergei Ivanovich Morozov. Under the massive canopy of the tomb rest both the founders of a large family and their descendants - our contemporaries. One of the last graves dates back to 2003. Relatives look after the graves.
(photo by I. Nagaitsev, 1986)

The cross on the grave of Savva Timofeevich by N.A. Andreev (author of the “sitting” monument to N.V. Gogol). There is an inscription on the monument: “The body of Savva Timofeevich Morozov is buried here. 1861-1905".
(photo from 1970 from the book "Moscow Patrons of the Arts")

Tombstone chapel, Savva Vasilyevich Morozov 1770 - 1860. Designed by architect F. O. Shekhtel

Metal canopy over tombstones.
(photo by I. Nagaitsev, 1986)

Before restoration. 2014

July 19, 7523 from the creation of Adam (2015-)), thanks to the vigilance of Mikhail Dzyubenko, it was noticed that the family crypt was in ruins... after the hype on Facebook, Father Alexey Lopatin held a meeting and took photos of the works .
Here is his comment:
“Briefly on the situation with the restoration of the Morozov crypt.
Today we met with a representative of the Moscow City Heritage and a representative of the organization directly working at the site.
It is the restoration that is being carried out, carried out according to the documentation developed by the Moscow City Heritage. It seemed to me that the people were quite competent and understood what and how to do. Those fragments from the foundation that we see in Mikhail’s photographs were not broken by workers, but dismantled into those pieces thatformed over time. They are all numbered and will be returned to their place, adding previously lost fragments from the same material. The marble will be cleaned, the chapel will be completed according to Shekhtel's design.
The work was agreed upon with the Metropolitan.
Well, and most importantly, the Moscow City Heritage Department will soon hold a lecture/hearing on all the work in the crypt of Morozov and Solovyov. Everyone will be invited. It will be in the clergy's house, as soon as the date and time are determined, I will inform you.
In general, Mikhail, huge gratitude for your vigilance, so far everything is within the framework of restoration.
Yes, restorers also discovered a box with the supposed ashes of Zinovia Zimina, which will be buried and a plaque will appear."

Don’t be angry that there are a lot of photos, we need to capture the entire progress of the work.

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The current area of ​​the cemetery is about 12 hectares.

Story

The cemetery was founded in 1771 behind the Pokrovskaya outpost in the area of ​​the Rogozhskaya outpost on lands that previously belonged to Andronova Sloboda.

During the period of the plague epidemic that was raging in Moscow at that time, all burials within the city limits were prohibited, and therefore new cemeteries were established behind the Kamer-Kollezhsky Val (including the surviving Rogozhskoye, Vvedenskoye, Vagankovskoye and Kalitnikovskoye).

Initially, mass Old Believer graves appeared at the Rogozhskoye cemetery. With the permission of Empress Catherine II, near the cemetery, the Old Believers erected an Old Believer shelter and an almshouse, built (but without separate permission) two chapels (wooden and stone), in which “fugitive priests” performed services until 1822. Thus, an Old Believer village arose.

In 1791, with the help of some tricks, the Old Believers managed to erect a spacious Intercession Cathedral in the cemetery, which became the center of the Old Believers for all Russian adherents of the old faith who recognized the Belokrinitsky hierarchy. In 1812, priest Ivan Matveevich Yastrebov hid all the church property of the cemetery in specially dug holes and remained to guard it in Moscow occupied by the French, and after the French left, even before the residents returned, he returned everything to its place.

From 1822 to 1854, “permitted fugitive priests” performed services in the churches of the Rogozhskaya outpost.

The establishment in 1846 confronted Russian Old Believers, including the community of the Moscow Rogozhskoe cemetery, with a choice that was ultimately made in favor of the hierarchy.

Since 1853, the Rogozhskoe cemetery has been the spiritual center of the Old Believer Archdiocese of Moscow and All Rus'.

In December 1853, after the death of I.M. Yastrebov, part of the parishioners, led by Vladimir Sapelkin, converted to Edinoverie, after which on September 23, 1854, a Edinoverie parish was established in one of the stone chapels - Malaya Nikolskaya.

The parishioners of the Rogozhsky cemetery were divided into church and chapels. However, as it turned out later, a significant part of those who converted to the Edinoverie did this because of the desire to enroll in the merchant class, to which the Old Believers had no right since January 1, 1855. Already the next year, several cases of imaginary conversion arose, and it was discovered that the Edinoverie the clergy in some cases only issued certificates to those who converted, without performing any church act.

Soon after Sapelkin, the last Rogozh priest, Pyotr Rusanov, entered into the common faith. Services in Old Believer chapels ceased for some time.

On January 21, 1856, after the appearance of the priesthood of the Belokrinitsky consent, church services were resumed in full rite at the Rogozhskoye cemetery.

Metropolitan of Moscow Filaret (Drozdov) immediately demanded civil “reprisals,” and by order of the government, the altars in the chapels were sealed on July 7, 1856.

After the law was issued on May 3, 1883, the Old Believers erected camp altars in the chapels, where services were performed by the priests of the Austrian priesthood, but these altars were ordered to be removed.

The seals on the altar doors of the Intercession Cathedral were removed by special order of Emperor Nicholas II on the eve of Easter 1905, in connection with the publication of the “Highest Decree on Strengthening the Principles of Tolerance” dated April 17, 1905.

Many representatives of the Moscow merchants, who settled near churches in settlements on the territory of the modern Tagansky district, are buried at the Rogozhskoye cemetery.

In 1906, an ancient Russian chronicle from the 15th century, “The Rogozh Chronicler,” was found in the cemetery archives. Many tombstones and monuments were built in the cemetery by famous architects and sculptors.

According to the design of the outstanding architect and sculptor N. A. Andreev, a Chapel was built in 1891 - a monument to T. S. Morozov and an iron canopy over the Morozov family burial.

After the revolutions of 1917, the cemetery lost its purely Old Believer flavor. In the 1930s and 1940s, victims of political repression were secretly buried in the cemetery, including military leaders Ya. V. Smushkevich, P. V. Rychagov, G. M. Stern, and A. D. Loktionov, who were executed in October 1941. On the territory there are two groups of mass graves of soldiers who died during the Great Patriotic War and died in Moscow hospitals.

Now on the territory of the cemetery there are the Intercession Cathedral of the Russian Orthodox Old Believer Church, the multi-tiered Resurrection Church-bell tower (architect F. F. Gornostaev, builder Z. I. Ivanov), and the Orthodox Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker (architect V. N. Karneev). The prayer house and the Cathedral of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary are closed.

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Helpful information

Rogozhskoe cemetery

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for free

Address and contacts

Staroobryadcheskaya street, house 31 A

Famous people buried at Rogozhskoye Cemetery

• Ryabushinsky - Pavel and Vasily Mikhailovich - textile manufacturers.
• Shelaputins - merchants of the first guild, philanthropists.
• Ancestral tomb of part of the Morozov dynasty:
  • Timofey Savvich (1823-1889) - merchant;
  • (1862-1905) - philanthropist and public figure;
  • Mikhail Akimovich - Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences.

• Alpeev, Semyon Pavlovich - Hero of the Soviet Union, colonel.
• Alpert, Max Vladimirovich - famous Soviet photographer and photo reporter. One of the founders of Soviet serial reportage photography.
• Balter, Gita Abramovna - Russian musicologist and music teacher.
• Korolev, Vasily Filippovich (1891-1962) - archpriest, rector of the Moscow Old Believer Intercession Cathedral.
• Kuznetsov, Matvey Sidorovich - porcelain manufacturer.
• Soldatenkov, Kozma Terentievich - book publisher and owner of an art gallery.
• Yasashnov, Mikhail Fedorovich - Russian manufacturer; book publisher and philanthropist.

This type of structure was previously sometimes called chapels or chapels. Under this monument lies a stone on which is written: “Graves of the family of manufactory-adviser Vikul Eliseevich Morozov.” Before his death, Vikul Eliseevich (1829-1894) bequeathed 400 thousand rubles to his sons for the construction of a children's hospital.
The sons built a hospital in Zamoskvorechye in 1903. During the Soviet years, many hospitals founded by merchants and factory owners were renamed. But the children's hospital founded by Vikul Eliseevich and his sons was invariably called Morozovskaya. Alas, the chapel on the Vikulovich family plot seems to be living out its life: below, near the ground, the lining has collapsed, crumbled, and a brick base has been exposed, also crumbling...

The author of the construction of the Morozov family tomb (1898) at the Old Believer Preobrazhenskoe cemetery in Moscow was the remarkable architect Fyodor Osipovich Shekhtel, a central figure in Russian architecture of the Art Nouveau era of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Morozov's tomb, the design of which is in the archives of the Museum of Architecture. A.V. Shchusev, is an example of the neo-romantic movement of modernity.

During these years, the architect was just beginning his first steps in search of a new style. Among the old graves of the Preobrazhenskoye Cemetery, a tall chapel of dark gray granite with white marble cladding in the shape of a cross (the work of the Gustav List company) stands out. Its shapes are quite unusual, they seem to flow down, float, forming whimsical curls-volutes and acanthus inflorescences that decorate the pedestal. Freedom and fantasy, so characteristic of Shekhtel’s creative style, were manifested both in the line forming the volume of the tombstone and in the design of the decorative decoration.

Soldiers returning from another Russian-Turkish war brought with them to Moscow a terrible pestilence - the plague. In December 1770, an epidemic began in the capital, which especially intensified in March 1771. By order of Count Grigory Orlov, sent by Catherine II to organize the fight against pestilence, all cemeteries within the city were closed. Among the closed cemeteries were two Old Believer cemeteries, known since 1718 and belonging to Old Believers who accepted the priesthood: one that was outside the Tver Gate, and the other near the Donskoy Monastery. In exchange for these two cemeteries, the priests, by decree of the Governing Senate, were allocated land for burying those who died from the epidemic three miles from the Rogozhskaya outpost, to the right of the Vladimirsky tract. The location was not chosen by chance: there was the Old Believer village of Novoandronovka. A quarantine facility, a hospital, and a small wooden St. Nicholas Chapel for funeral services for the dead were set up here. This is how the famous Rogozhskoe cemetery arose.

With the permission of Empress Catherine II, two churches were built one after another, a summer one in the name of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos and a winter one in the name of the Nativity of Christ. “Chambers” for clergy and clergy, private houses, a hotel for pilgrims, a children's school, shelters, almshouses and other buildings were built. Gradually, the so-called Rogozhsky almshouse, the so-called Rogozhsky cemetery, was formed. The concept of “Rogozhskoye Cemetery” refers not so much to the churchyard itself, but to the village next to it, to the Rogozhskaya Old Believer community. From the moment of its foundation to the present day, the Rogozhskoe cemetery remains the most significant center of Russian Orthodoxy. Its history is filled with tragic and glorious events and reflects the history of the Russian Old Orthodox (Old Believer) Church in recent centuries.

The area of ​​the Rogozhsky necropolis at first was nothing more than several rows of graves next to a large mound, which represented the mass graves of the first people who died from the pestilence (plague) of 1771. On this mound - a hill - back in the twenties of the last century there stood an old one overgrown with moss and a moldy obelisk decorated with Adam’s head, the so-called “monument to the pestilence grave.” There were inscriptions on its four sides.

On the eastern side it was said about the foundation of the cemetery: “This place is set aside for the burial of the deceased Old Believers in the year from the Creation of the world 7279, instead of the two cemeteries that were until now...”

On the western side, as a religious and philosophical understanding of the world, lines from the Book of the Wisdom of Solomon, ch. 3, in Slavic language. Translated into Russian it sounds like this: “But the souls of the righteous are in the hand of God, and torment will not touch them. In the eyes of the foolish, they seemed dead, and their outcome was considered destruction, and their departure from us destruction, but they are in peace. For, although they are punished in the eyes of people, their hope is full of immortality. And although they are punished a little, they will be greatly favored, because God has tested them and found them worthy of Him. He tested them like gold in a furnace and accepted them as an all-perfect sacrifice.”

On the southern side of the monument the tragedy of the plague epidemic is described in poetic form:

Among the many depressing sorrows of death
The pestilence devours people most savagely.
She does not spare babies, nor young men of blooming years,
And the most ancient elders have no mercy from her.
This is the greatest attack on humanity in the world
Since ancient times, fear has been more terrible than abuse.
Although this action does not always happen in people,
But equally he kills everyone determined by his cruelty.
On the north side there is a description of the symptoms and course of this terrible disease:
Patients feel the onset of damage -
Greatness in all members of relaxation,
Everyone's arms and legs were shaking so much,
That, staggering like drunks, they fell.
Then they felt chills and headaches,
And their internal inflammations outraged them with fervor...
All such actions deprived of strength,
And the next day those struck were mercilessly killed.

To date, the obelisk has not survived, and its fate is unknown, but its location is not difficult to find in the 1st section.

The following monuments were erected over the graves of the clergy of the Rogozhsky cemetery, who worked in the period from the founding of the cemetery to the establishment of the Belokrinitsky hierarchy. The historical inscription, compiled at the direction of Bishop Anthony, was placed on the general monument:

“This cross of the Lord was erected in memory of the priests who rested their bodies here, like St. the ancient Orthodox Church from Nikon's innovations with repentance coming. And for about a hundred years in spiritual needs during the entire last half of Her many years of widowhood, they served, and they were always struck by the fear of external persecution and tired of the internal deprivation of pious episcopacy. The eternity of the devoted priesthood from various attacks on its legality was constantly defended and in such fierce excitement, like generous swimmers, even without a helmsman, saved a church ship from sinking... O good seed! You are as precious and respectable to the Church as the pious hierarchy that has grown through you is necessary and necessary. May this pleasant fruit of yours never be scarce, and you will be forgotten from generation to generation in eternal memory.”

But, to bitter regret, the descendants and time did not preserve either these holy graves or the common monument over them!

The Rogozhsky necropolis is one of the most unique in Moscow. It cannot be confused with any other cemetery.

Before the revolution, only Old Believers were buried here: clergy, trustees, honorary citizens and in general persons who took a close part in the fate of the cemetery, as well as ordinary Old Believers. The most common form of tombstones at the Rogozhsky cemetery was a sarcophagus made of white stone, black marble or granite. There are almost no dates of birth of the deceased on the tombstones, and it’s clear why. As a rule, on each tombstone there were inscriptions placed and preserved to this day about the name and date of death of the deceased (down to the hours), age (down to days), day of the angel and social status, and on some - information about the years spent in marriage . On the other side of the tombstone was often written a touching epitaph or text from church scripture. The monuments are the history of the Rogozh Old Believer community imprinted in stone, as well as the history of the Old Believers in general.

After the revolution, when burial ceased to have the character of a religious rite, and a cross on a grave was almost a challenge to the system, mighty cabbage crosses still appeared on Rogozhsky. There are still a lot of them, and they give the cemetery its characteristic austere appearance. Although it is not only Old Believers who are buried here now.

In the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries, representatives of famous Old Believer merchant families were buried at the Rogozhskoye cemetery: Banquetovs, Baulins, Butikovs, Vinokurovs, Dosuzhevs, Kapyrins, Kuznetsovs, Kulakovs, Lenivovs, Milovanovs, Melnikovs, Morozovs, Musorins, Nazarovs, Pugovkins, Rakhmanovs , Ryabushinskys, Ryazanovs, Sveshnikovs, Soldatenkovs, Solovyovs, Tregubovs, Tsarskys, Shibanovs, Shelaputins.

But few of these burials can now be found in the cemetery. The fact is that in Soviet times, among other things, the “exploiting capitalists” often had tombstones expropriated from their graves. In the 30s of the last century, the Rogozhskoye cemetery was the largest supplier of granite in Moscow for socialist construction projects, in particular for the metro. What deposits of valuable stone were in the Rogozhskoe cemetery before can be judged from the few surviving merchant burials.

Most of the famous names, alas, have disappeared. Now you can no longer find the graves of the richest industrialists in Russia, the Ryabushinskys, at the Rogozhskoye cemetery; there are no longer the graves of manufacturers and merchants of manufactured goods, the Soldatenkovs and many, many others. More precisely, there are no tombstones to be found, but the remains of people are forever buried in the ground of the cemetery. Moreover, it cannot be said that not a trace of the burials remains! In 2005, at an exhibition at the State Historical Museum dedicated to the centenary of the unsealing of the altars of Rogozhsky churches and the granting of religious freedoms to the Old Believers, the exhibition presented a map of the Rogozhsky cemetery, compiled by boundary architect A. Fichtner, indicating the burial places of the deceased at the time of 1886. The priceless map was donated to the State Historical Museum, and the time will come when it will be possible to reconstruct the geography of the destroyed burial grounds.

The surviving unique photograph shows what the burial place of the founder of the family of Moscow merchants Ryabushinsky - Mikhaila Yakovlevich (11/1/1786 - 07/20/1858) and his wife Evfimiya Stepanovna, née Skvortsova (about 1790 - 1855) looked like.

The Ryabushinskys took an active part in the activities of the Rogozhskoye cemetery and were famous entrepreneurs. Here is a very brief summary of their activities.

The Ryabushinskys are a dynasty of Russian entrepreneurs. The founders of the dynasty were Kaluga peasants-Old Believers, father Mikhail Yakovlevich and brothers Vasily Mikhailovich and Pavel Mikhailovich, who opened several textile factories in the 1830s. In 1867, the brothers founded the trading house “P. and V. Brothers Ryabushinsky" (in 1888, reorganized into the "Partnership of Manufactories P.M. Ryabushinsky with his sons"). The family business was inherited by the sons of Pavel Mikhailovich: Pavel Pavlovich, Vladimir Pavlovich, Stepan Pavlovich, Sergei Pavlovich, Nikolai Pavlovich and others (in total there were 8 sons in the family), who in 1902 founded the “Banking House of the Ryabushinsky Brothers” (in 1912 transformed into the Moscow Bank ). The brothers were among the leaders of the “progressive” party and published the newspaper “Morning of Russia”. The brothers' art collections were famous, especially the priceless collection of icons of Stepan Pavlovich Ryabushinsky, which are now kept in the collections of the Russian Museum, the State Historical Museum, the State Tretyakov Gallery, etc. After the revolution, all the brothers emigrated.

There is no trace left of the family burial of the “porcelain king” Matvey Sidorovich Kuznetsov (1846-1911) and his family members. There was a family tomb opposite the bishop's graves. Recently, at this place, the Moscow Cultural Foundation installed a memorial stele - a bronze obelisk to Matvey Sidorovich Kuznetsov (site 2).

M.S. Kuznetsov was born in Gzhel, Moscow province. He received his education at the Commercial School in Riga. Having lost his father in 1864 and becoming an independent owner of porcelain and earthenware production, he managed the business so successfully that he developed it into the first enterprise in Russia. Commerce Advisor, Hereditary Honorary Citizen. He was awarded many Russian orders and was a Knight of the French Legion of Honor. Matvey Sidorovich took a very lively and active part in Old Believer affairs; for many years he was chairman of the Council of the Moscow Old Believer community of the Rogozhskoe cemetery. As written in the obituary, “the deceased was distinguished by rare spiritual qualities... With his good nature, responsiveness, and great charity, he gained respect in all circles... The ashes of the deceased were buried in the crypt-chapel - the Kuznetsov tomb at the Rogozhskoe cemetery.”

Unfortunately, the large tomb of the merchants-Old Believers Soldatenkovs (section 4) from the ancient family of Yegor Vasilyevich Soldatenkov (1752 - after 1830), who moved to Moscow from the village, has not survived. Prokunina, Moscow province. in 1797. His children Terenty and Konstantin traded in cotton yarn and calico and owned a paper weaving factory in the Rogozhskaya part (founded before 1813). Terenty Egorovich, a merchant of the 1st guild, a hereditary honorary citizen, inherited a factory and numerous shops to his sons Ivan and Kozma.

The Soviet 30s did not spare the grave of the remarkable Russian entrepreneur, philanthropist and philanthropist Kozma Terentyevich Soldatenkov (1818-1901).

Owning one of the largest fortunes in Russia, he invested so much money in charity that it is difficult to even list all the hospitals, almshouses, charity homes, and schools that he financed or that were established entirely at his expense. Some of the Soldier's institutions (for example, the hospital named after S.P. Botkin) are still in operation. But perhaps to an even greater extent K.T. Soldatenkov became famous for his publishing activities: he published the works of D.V. Grigorovich, A.V. Koltsova, S.Ya. Nadsona, N.A. Nekrasova, N.A. Polevoy, Ya.P. Polonsky, I.S. Turgeneva, A.A. Feta, T.N. Granovsky, I.E. Zabelina, V.O. Klyuchevsky, many others. He was friendly with I.S. Aksakov, L.N. Tolstoy, A.P. Chekhov. He simply helped some writers for free.

By the end of the 19th century, K.T. Soldatenkov was a hereditary honorary citizen, commerce advisor, member of the Moscow branch of the Council of Trade and Manufactures, director of the Kremnholm Manufactory Partnership, director of the Danilovskaya Manufactory Partnership, etc. As a result, the fortune of the “textile king” Soldatenkov by the end of his life was estimated at 8 million rubles.

It is impossible not to mention the art gallery and library (the total cost of the library was estimated at that time at 1 million rubles) transferred to the Rumyantsev Museum. There were about 270 paintings of Russian and Western art alone in the collection, in addition to engravings, watercolors, and sculptures. Now they are in the collections of the Russian Museum and the State Tretyakov Gallery. The collection of icons was also of significant value, some of which were bequeathed to the Intercession Cathedral of the Rogozhsky cemetery.

It would be nice to immortalize with a memorial sign the burial place of Kozma Terentyevich Soldatenkov at the Rogozhskoye cemetery, using the map of A. Fichtner.

The most striking section of the Rogozhskoe cemetery is located to the right of the main path in section 5. These are the Bishop's Graves - the burial place of the Old Believer clergy of the Belokrinitsky hierarchy. A particularly revered place among the Old Believers.

The burial place of the Old Believer clergy is located behind an ancient fence on a high place and consists of rows of white wooden eight-pointed crosses that stand like a wall and are visible from afar (there are about 40 of them), and several black sarcophagi.

Old Believer clergy - metropolitans, archbishops, bishops, priests, monks - are buried here. Under the sarcophagi lie the Old Believer archbishops:

Anthony (d. 1881), Savvaty (1825-1898); Arkady (1809-1899) and Konon (1797-1884). The last two are known for being arrested in the 1850s and imprisoned in the Suzdal Spaso-Evfimiev Monastery, where they spent the rest of their days in prison. Under the fifth sarcophagus rest Bishops Anastasius (1896-1986), Gerontius (1872-1951), Archbishops Irinarch (1881-1952) and Joseph (1886-1970), who led the church during the Soviet years.

Among the crosses rises the largest wooden cross, under which the Old Believer Archbishop John (1837-1915) is buried. Under him, the altars of Rogozh churches were unsealed, 15 Old Believer churches were built in Moscow, the magazine “Church” was published, and the Old Believer Theological Teachers' Institute was organized. In 2003, Metropolitan of Moscow and All Rus' Alimpiy was buried in the Bishop's plot, under whom the revival of Old Believer life began after the persecution of Soviet times. In 2005 he was buried here. Recently, through the efforts of the Rogozh Cossacks, white wooden crosses were installed in memory of their repose.

At the Rogozhskoe cemetery, a tombstone has been preserved at the burial site of Prokopiy Dmitrievich Shelaputin (1777-1828), who served as Moscow mayor during Napoleon's invasion of Moscow (September 1812 - January 1813).

Here is a brief summary of the merits of a man worthy of our memory. Shelaputin P.D. came from an ancient Old Believer family, Moscow merchant of the 1st guild, city elder, occupied one of the most honorable places among the Moscow merchants. “We commend Prokofya Shelaputin for his diligence through the donation of significant sums to the benefit of the State as an Advisor in Commerce (“St. Petersburg Senate Gazette”, 1812, p. 378). Moreover, for services rendered to the Fatherland, in 1833, June 9th P.D. Shelaputin and his offspring were elevated to the dignity of nobility by the Highest Charter, which was an exceptional case for the Old Believers (“Noble families included in the general armorial of the All-Russian Empire,” compiled by Count A. Bobrinsky, St. Petersburg, 1890, part 2, p. 639), the certificate was presented to the son of the deceased, Dmitry Prokopyevich Shelaputin. “In consideration of the donation of the mineral cabinet in favor of the IMPERIAL Moscow Medical-Surgical Academy and the diligent performance of the duties assigned to him by the power of attorney of the merchant society,” on December 30, 1824, Prokopiy Shelaputin was awarded the Order of St. Anna, III degree (“St. Petersburg Senate Gazette", 1825, p. 96).

Descendant of P.D. Shelaputin through his brother Antipiy Dmitrievich - Pavel Grigorievich Shelaputin (1848-1914). From an early age, Pavel Grigorievich felt responsible for the Shelaputin family business. In Moscow merchant families, it was not customary to split up the fixed capital; traditionally it went to the eldest heir in the male line. And this meant that it was Pavel Grigorievich, as the only heir, who should continue the family business.

In the formal list compiled in 1913 for persons in the public service, the following characteristics of the entrepreneur are given: Shelaputin P.G. - one of the hereditary honorary citizens, full state councilor (1908), awarded the Order of St. Vladimir, III degree (1905), hereditary nobleman, full state councilor (1911). Real estate: houses in Moscow, estate in the Moscow province. Participation in the boards and councils of joint-stock companies: chairman of the Middle Trading Rows Society, chairman of the Balashikha Manufactory Partnership (in 1914 - 30,000 workers, turnover 8 million rubles).

The charitable activities of Pavel Grigorievich evoke great gratitude and respect: Gynecological Institute for Doctors named after. Anna Shelaputina (1893), gymnasium named after. Grigory Shelaputin (1902), three vocational schools (1903), real school named after. A. Shelaputin (1908), Pedagogical Institute (1908), Women's Teachers' Seminary (1910).

The tragic circumstances of family life undermined the health of Pavel Grigorievich. In 1913 he went to Switzerland for treatment, where he died the following year. The coffin with his body barely had time to be transported across the border in the last peaceful days before the First World War. The last resting place of P.G. Shelaputin found it at the Rogozhskoye cemetery. His grave has not survived.

By the decision of the Historical and Cultural Expert Council of the Moscow Heritage Committee (minutes of May 28, 2008), the burial and sarcophagus of P.D. Shelaputin are classified as identified objects of cultural heritage as a monument to the historical necropolis. Thanks to the publication in the magazine “Church”, a photograph of the burial place of P.D. has reached us. Shelaputin. His wife Kharitina Ivanovna, a famous Old Believer philanthropist and activist of the second half of the 19th century, was buried next to him. The famous reciter, “Old Believer logothete” Semyon Semenov was buried in the enclosure of the Shelaputin family.

Burial of P.D. Shelaputin will be restored by the 200th anniversary of the Patriotic War of 1812.

Everyone passing along the main path sees the tomb of representatives of the largest family of entrepreneurs, the Old Believers, the Morozovs (section 1). It is enclosed by a cast-iron patterned fence, under a canopy that used to have colored glass, then rusted without glass until it was covered with a roof at the end of the 20th century. It was not destroyed during the years of destruction of tombstones, as they say, thanks to the merits of Savva Timofeevich Morozov, who helped the Bolsheviks.

Five generations of the glorious merchant family are buried here, starting from the founder of the dynasty, Savva Vasilyevich (1770-1860) and up to its modern representatives. The last burial was dated 2003. Of course, the most famous among the Morozovs is Savva Timofeevich, the grandson of the founder of the dynasty, who became famous as a patron of the arts and a generous creditor of the Russian revolution. His unexpected death in Cannes still remains a mystery - either he committed suicide, or someone decisively got rid of him...

In the corner behind the fence you can see the family white stone cross, on which is engraved: “At this cross lies the family of the Bogorodsk merchant Savva Vasilyevich Morozov.” Nearby is the figured sarcophagus of Savva Vasilyevich himself (1770-1860) and his wife Ulyana Afanasyevna (1778-1861). His sons Timofey Savvich Morozov (1823-1889), manufactory-adviser, 1st guild merchant, owner of the Nikolskaya manufactory in Orekhovo-Zuevo, are also buried here. Above his grave and the grave of his wife Maria Fedorovna, a famous philanthropist, there is a white-stone carved chapel, topped with a tent, designed by F.O. Shekhtel (the dome and the cross are lost). And Ivan Savvich, Pokrovsky 1st guild merchant, hereditary honorary citizen (1812-1864), who rests next to his son Sergei Ivanovich Morozov (1861-1904), hereditary honorary citizen. At the grave of Savva Timofeevich there is a monument by sculptor N.A. Andreeva - a white marble cross with a relief crucifix and an original marble sarcophagus over the grave, made in the form of a decorative carved fence. There is a short inscription on the monument: “The body of Savva Timofeevich Morozov is buried here. 1861-1905".

The Morozov family burial place is an identified cultural heritage site. Restoration work is necessary. The ancestral cross was recently restored, but the inscription on it is already barely legible. The fence and foundation are in very poor condition, the fence is rusty, and in some places the foundation of the pillars is cracking and falling apart...

At the end of the main path there is a large black cross (5th section) on an equally impressive slab of pink granite, under which the Moscow merchant Fyodor Vasilyevich Tatarnikov (1852 - 11/21/1912) is buried. They say that there used to be several such crosses in the cemetery. Now there is only one left. For memory.

Next to the Morozov tomb there is a forged chapel of the Solovyov merchant family, famous for the wool trade (site 2). The sarcophagi installed at the burial sites stand out for their external perfection, for example, the original sarcophagus with a chapel at the head, the cross has been lost. A completely unique high clan cross: “Under this cross is the clan of the Moscow 1st guild merchant Makar Vasilyevich Solovyov” with the image of the crucified Christ. Undoubtedly, the painting is of artistic value.

Descendants continue to be buried in the tomb. Restoration work is necessary, especially since the tomb was included in the register of declared cultural heritage sites of Moscow back in the late 80s of the last century.

If you walk along the main path, then on the left side you can see the burial of the ancestors of Ivan Alekseevich Pugovkin (1854-1931), who for many years before the revolution was the chairman of the Rogozh Old Believer community. This burial is perhaps the most typical for the merchant Rogozhsky cemetery: five black high sarcophagi behind a preserved metal fence (section 1). A small figured sarcophagus made of pink granite: Pugovkin Pyotr Nikolaevich, who died on December 8, 1867 at the age of three, was recently found at an unknown grave and transferred to his relatives. “Do not cry for me, my parents, the Lord accepted me into his villages” - this is such a touching epitaph on this children’s sarcophagus.

However, it is clear that not all sarcophagi have survived; some were destroyed in the 30s of the last century, like the family cross. Therefore, here are modern burials of people who were not related to this clan.

Not far away, but already on the right side of the main path, is the Kulakov family burial ground (site 4). Two unique white stone tombstones have been preserved - sarcophagi, possibly from the late 18th - early 19th centuries, overgrown with moss, the inscriptions on which are no longer readable. There is also a majestic, figured sarcophagus made of dark granite, installed on a high monolithic base with it, on a pedestal made of pink granite. Made in the Novikov workshop, one of a kind. The family monument of the Kulakovs: “Under this cross lies the family of a Moscow merchant,” is also very beautiful, unfortunately, like most in the Rogozhskoye cemetery, it does not have the cross itself. The base of the lattice, like the lattice itself, is destroyed before our eyes...

From the merchant family of Old Believers Rakhmanovs, over the course of three generations, several large families can be distinguished, which carried out activities in different periods of the 19th - early. XX centuries control over the economic and religious activities of the Moscow Rogozh community.

In Moscow, the Rakhmanov merchants, who emerged from the freed peasants of the Moscow province, appeared in the first quarter of the 19th century. By the middle of the century, several Rakhmanov trading families owned significant capital (F.A. Rakhmanov - over a million rubles already in 1854) and had commercial interests not only in Moscow.

In the second half of the 19th century. The Rakhmanov family is growing rapidly. The Rakhmanovs became related to the richest merchant families in Russia - the Ovsyannikovs, Dubrovins, K.T. Soldatenkov. Relying on their influence in the Old Believer environment, on family ties and financial capital, the Rakhmanovs actively participated in the religious and spiritual life of the Rogozh Old Believer community. In this regard, the most significant participation of Fyodor Andreevich Rakhmanov (1776-1854) in the organization of the department of the Old Believer metropolis in Austria-Hungary.

There were several Rakhmanov family graves at the Rogozhskoye cemetery. Now one remains, the descendants of Grigory Leontievich Rakhmanov (site 1). The large area contains several burials in the form of ancient sarcophagi.

The first burial preserved in this area is a figured sarcophagus, under which rests Rakhmanov Ivan Grigorievich, Bogorodsky merchant of the 2nd guild, who died on April 10, 1839 at the age of 66 years. The burial place of the hereditary honorary citizen Vasily Grigoryevich Rakhmanov (1782-1858) has also been preserved. Noteworthy is the tall obelisk made of dark red granite, installed at the resting place of the Moscow 1st Guild merchant Karp Ivanovich Rakhmanov (1826-1895).

Currently, members of the Rakhmanov family, who died on the eve of the revolution (apparently, their tombstones were destroyed in the 30s of the last century) and during the years of Soviet power, rest under eight-pointed metal crosses, painted white, with modest plaques.

Under the same Old Believer cross rests the ashes of Georgy Karpovich Rakhmanov (1873-1931), a famous Russian public figure, publisher, professor at Moscow University, who took an active part in the activities of the Rogozh Old Believer community before the revolution.

In the family prayer room G.K. Rakhmanov (on Pokrovskaya Street) there was a large collection of ancient icons, the study of which, at the invitation of Georgy Karpovich, was carried out by the famous researcher of ancient Russian art Pavel Muratov. The entire collection was transferred to the Historical Museum in the fall of 1917. Later this “Rachmanov collection” was transferred to the Tretyakov Gallery. Many museums contain icons known as “Rakhmanov” by their origin, which were taken from the Rakhmanovs’ Tagansky prayer house and from their house and temple on Pokrovskaya Street.

Priceless icons donated by members of the Rakhmanov family are in the Church of the Intercession of the Holy Virgin at the Rogozhskoye cemetery.

The Rakhmanovs’ charitable activities are of great interest, both in favor of the Old Believer community (large contributions were repeatedly made to community funds) and Moscow public charity. Thus, at the beginning of the 20th century, a house of free apartments for Emilia Karpovna Rakhmanova for 100 people was built, costing 60,000 rubles; almshouse named after Alexandra Karpovna for 70 people, costing 133,000 rubles.

At the 9th site there is a unique monument to those who died in the First World War. Made of gray veined granite in the form of a chapel, the cross has been lost. The inscription is well preserved: “Ensign of the 5th Kyiv Grenadier E.I.V. Heir to the Tsarevich regiment. Personal honorary nobleman Alexander Alexandrovich Rusakov. Born on July 6, 1882. Killed in battle on October 13, 1914 near the village of Studzianka, Kozenice district, Radom province. His life was 32 years, 4 minutes and 7 days. Lived in marriage for 8 months. and 11 days. To a dear son from a loving father, wife and daughter to a dear husband and father.”

Epitaph (in this case, describes the deeds of the deceased):

“Alexander Alexandrovich Rusakov, killed on the battlefield. Participated in the Russo-Japanese War. For his distinction in many battles, he was awarded the Order of St. for his exploits. Anna 4th degree with the inscription “For bravery”, St. Stanislav 3rd degree with swords and bow, St. Anna 3rd degree with swords and bow and personal nobility. In the war against the Germans and Austrians in the battle of Lublin, he was wounded in August 1914 and awarded the Order of St. Stanislav 2nd degree. On October 13, 1914 he fell heroically in battle near the village of Studzianka.

Eternal memory to you, worthy hero!”

This monument is recorded as a declared object in the register of cultural heritage sites in Moscow.

After the revolution, and even more so after the destruction of the 30s, the Rogozhskoye cemetery lost its character as an Old Believer cemetery.

In the 1930-1940s. Victims of political repression were secretly buried in the cemetery. This information needs to be confirmed by documents.

V.N. Anisimova