What is the difference between pyrolysis and pellet boilers. Pyrolysis or pellet? What type of solid fuel boilers do you prefer? Mechanized pellet boilers
No less popular than gas ones, their only drawback is considered to be the low level of automation of the combustion process. This problem can be easily solved by installing a pellet boiler with automatic loading and supply of fuel into the home heating system.
These solid fuel boilers got their name due to the fuel they use - pellets. They are granules pressed under pressure from woodworking and agricultural waste: sawdust, wood chips, husks. During the production of granules, their humidity is controlled - finished pellets contain 12-16% moisture. This property of granules ensures the efficiency of the combustion process and high efficiency of pellet boilers.
The granules are small in size and have good flowability, making their automatic feeding possible into the boiler from a specially constructed bunker. The duration of operation of the boiler on one load depends on the size of the bunker; it can range from several days to two weeks, and for industrial pellet boilers - a month or more.
The design of pellet boilers is generally no different from that of boilers; the principle of their operation is also similar. In this case, pellet models are equipped with a burner that has a special device for automatically feeding pellets.
Boilers with automatic pellet supply are equipped with automatic ignition - heating element, installed in the first chamber, heating the air stream, from which the surface of the granules begins to smolder. After ignition and the start of steady smoldering, the pellet heating element is turned off.
Combustion of granules in the boiler occurs in pyrolysis mode- pellets in the firebox smolder slowly with a uniform and dosed air supply. Flue gases generated during smoldering are forced by a fan through the burner into the afterburner chamber, where they burn out, transferring heat to the walls of the heat exchanger.
Pellets burn almost completely, leaving a small amount of ash. It ends up in the ash pan, which is separated from the combustion chamber by a grate. Ash removal in most household models is carried out mechanically, but some powerful boilers are equipped with automatic ash removal - a conveyor belt.
Fuel supply system for a pellet boiler
Domestic pellet boilers with automatic supply of pellets are equipped with a built-in hopper, while the supply can be bulk, when the pellets enter the firebox under their own weight, or auger. The volume of such a bunker is small; it is usually enough for 12-48 hours. To extend the time of continuous operation of the boiler without additional loading, install an external hopper of a larger volume.
- It can have different designs:
- A box made of metal or canvas on a frame, in the lower part of which a conveyor and a damper are installed, the lifting of which occurs upon a signal from the boiler controller.
- A separate room equipped with a feed mechanism can be used as an external bunker. It is convenient to place it below ground level, for example, in a basement, and load pellets through a hatch or a hinged window.
Advantages and disadvantages of pellet boilers
The price of pellet boilers is quite high, so before purchasing you need to consider all the pros and cons of installing them.
The undoubted advantages of boilers include:
- complete automation of the combustion process, minimizing boiler maintenance;
- pellet boilers are equipped with various protections and have a high level of safety;
- environmental friendliness of the fuel - when burning pellets, almost no soot and soot are formed, there is no release of harmful substances into the atmosphere;
- pellets are produced from wood processing waste, which allows them to be usefully disposed of and reduce the amount of graded wood burned as firewood;
- the cost of pellets does not exceed the price of dry chopped firewood.
The disadvantage of pellet boilers is their energy dependence.
If the power is turned off, combustion in the boiler will stop and ignition will become impossible. For this reason, experts recommend installing an additional source of electricity - a generator, the power of which should exceed the maximum power consumption of the boiler in any mode.
Calculation of boiler thermal power
One of the main indicators is the thermal power of the model, that is, the ability to heat a room of a given area for a long time and effectively. Heating specialists use a complex calculation that takes into account all the influencing factors: the geometric dimensions and shape of the building, the height of the ceilings, the presence and total area of windows, the efficiency of insulation and the presence of heated adjacent rooms.
A consumer who decides to heat a private home using a pellet boiler with automatic feed does not need to delve into complex calculations; it is enough to divide the total area that he plans to heat by 10 for the middle zone, and by 8 for the northern regions.
For example, for Moscow, the boiler power for heating a house of 200 square meters will be 200 / 10 = 20 kW, for St. Petersburg 200 / 8 = 25 kW. Using this principle, you can calculate the required power for a house with any area.
Review of pellet boiler models
Companies involved in the supply and installation of boilers offer a fairly large selection of boilers, both imported and Russian-made.
- The price of heating equipment depends on several factors:
- thermal power;
- configurations;
- level of automation and availability of built-in protections;
- type of loading and bunker;
- possibility of using the boiler for combustion with other types of fuel;
- body material;
- manufacturing company.
In order not to overpay for the brand, you need to compare the technical characteristics of the offered models and choose the most suitable pellet boiler with automatic feed.
Czech boilers OPOP BIOPEL
A range of steel pellet boilers from a reputable manufacturer, equipped with a large built-in hopper. Power of various models - from 10 to 200 kW, making it easy to choose the appropriate modification for domestic needs, industrial facilities, and small production.
Boilers OPOP BIOPEL equipped with a vertical three-pass heat exchanger, which improves heat removal and increases efficiency - for these boilers it reaches 92%. A special smoke turbulization system stabilizes draft and combustion mode.
All models equipped with weather-compensated regulation and electric ignition, as well as a control function via the Internet. Additionally, they can be equipped with self-cleaning systems for the heat exchanger and burner, and ash removal. When ordering them, manual cleaning of the boiler is required only once per heating season, and without self-cleaning systems - once a month.
Price the least powerful model OPOP BIOPEL 10 kW - from 285 thousand rubles.
Boilers Kostrzewa Pellets Fuzzy Logic, Poland
The model range includes units with power from 15 to 100 kW, which can work not only on pellets, but also on firewood, briquettes, and coal. The boilers are equipped with retort burners with replaceable containers for various fuels. Ignition is carried out with hot air.
The dimensions of the built-in hopper allow the production download once every 1-4 weeks depending on the power of the model. The dimensions of the fuel chamber allow boilers to operate on wood and coal without removing the pellet burner. The design of the ash pit and its dimensions allow it to be cleaned no more often than the hopper is loaded. During cleaning and loading, the exhaust fan is turned on to avoid dust formation.
All models have high level of automation and have a built-in controller and sensor and, as well as a lambda probe for the best regulation of the combustion process. The automatic return water supply uses the bypass principle and regulates its temperature.
Price models Kostrzewa Pellets Fuzzy Logic 15 kW - 270 thousand rubles.
Wirbel EKO-CK PELLET-SET boilers, Austria
Represent universal solid fuel boilers with built-in pellet burner. The block-type body made of special steel 5 mm thick and its design with the ability to install a hopper on any side makes the equipment easy to install.
Standard models equipped with auto-ignition and pellet supply, but can also work manually on wood or briquettes. Control is carried out from the remote control, and it can also regulate the operation of the heating circuit pumping equipment. Cleaning and Maintenance boiler does not take much time and produced no more than once a week.
Price for a 20 kW equipment complex - 300 thousand rubles.
Boilers Grandeg Bio, Latvia
Simple and reliable heating units made in Latvia with increased fire safety and a sluice gate in the firebox, preventing flame from entering the bunker. Boiler steel housing ensures long lasting service life - more than 20 years. The fuel hopper can be installed on either side of the hull. Models from this manufacturer can work stably on pellets of any quality, firewood or briquettes.
Price for a 25 kW model - 347 thousand rubles.
Boilers Svetlobor, Russia
The lineup includes thermal models power from 20 to 170 kW. Boiler automation is at the level of the best Western analogues: automatic feeding, ignition, cleaning and ash removal allow the owner not to approach the boiler during operation at one load. The loading size depends only on the volume of the external bunker; fuel is supplied to the boiler using pneumatic supply. With such a high level of automation, Svetlobor boilers characterized by unpretentiousness to fuel quality.
Price - from 250 thousand rubles.
Pellet boilers Obshchemmash, Russia
Russian-made equipment from the Obshchemash company is represented by two lines: Valdai and Peresvet.
Valdai boilers with a power of 15-200 kW designed for heating residential and industrial buildings. They are equipped with all the automation necessary for a pellet burner: auto-ignition and automatic fuel supply, burner self-cleaning, and a controller that regulates the mode. The unit can be controlled remotely via GSM.
Price - from 138 thousand rubles.
Peresvet models differ from Valdai in the possibility control - via Wi-Fi and Internet, an enlarged pellet hopper and the ability to operate on other types of fuel.
Price - from 146 thousand rubles.
Boilers "Teplodar-Kupper", Russia
Cheapest model Russian production, equipped with the necessary functions for automatic feeding of pellets, auto-ignition and maintaining the combustion process and uninterrupted operation. The difference between these models is the built-in heating element, which can work either separately, in maintenance mode, or simultaneously with the burner at times of maximum load.
Price- the lowest of all presented models, Kupper-OK fully equipped with a power of 15 kW costs 92 thousand rubles.
The choice of a pellet boiler with automatic supply of granulated fuel depends on preferences and financial capabilities. All models presented in the review are certified and safe.
Pellet equipment with automatic fuel supply is a progressive technology that uses special wood fuel pellets. For their manufacture, pressed shavings, sawdust or other wood residues are used.
The main advantages of this type of equipment are:
- reliable and thoughtful design;
- easy installation and startup;
- environmental safety of use;
- economical operation.
Our catalog contains models from different manufacturers representing popular global brands. You can also buy a Russian-made pellet boiler from us, which is initially adapted to local climate conditions.
Solid fuel pellet boilers with automatic fuel supply
Latest pellet boilers with automatic fuel supply are an excellent choice for country cottages where there is no central gas line. This heating equipment is reliable and durable. The security system here is thought out to the smallest detail, so you do not need to constantly monitor the operation of the heating equipment. When the flame in the burner goes out, fuel leakage is absolutely excluded. If there is a power outage in the house, the boiler will not stop working, using the loaded pellets to the end.
In other words, for pellet boilers, automatic fuel supply is an innovative development that significantly simplifies the operation of this equipment.
Russian-made pellet boilers
The price of Russian-made pellet boilers with automatic fuel supply is significantly lower than that of foreign analogues, so you can save your money. It is worth considering that the quality of our boilers is constantly improving. Therefore, when using Russian-made heating pellet boilers with automatic fuel supply, you do not need to worry about the reliability or durability of your purchase, since this domestic equipment uses progressive and highly efficient technologies. According to experts, Russian pellet equipment can withstand intense loads for several decades.
Pellet boilers with automatic fuel supply
Owners of this equipment primarily note its high efficiency, as well as versatility of use. Indeed, there are units that can use not only pellets, but also other solid fuels. The price of a pellet boiler with automatic fuel supply in the Technodom online store partly depends on the exchange rate situation, since many models are imported from other countries. In the catalog you will find all the necessary information regarding a particular model. We are talking about detailed descriptions, application features and photographs.
In St. Petersburg and Moscow, you can also buy a pellet boiler with automatic fuel supply at the manufacturer’s price at the company’s representative offices that are open in these cities. For consultations, call the telephone numbers provided.
Today on the Russian market there are a large number of brands offering pellet boilers of a wide variety of modifications and functionality.
By design, all the wealth of choice can be combined into just a few groups. To make it easier for you to make your choice, we recommend paying attention to just a few parameters that will give you a complete understanding of whether the game is worth the candle in a particular sample under consideration.
1) Efficiency of the pellet boiler heat exchanger:
The efficiency indicator directly affects your annual costs for purchasing pellet fuel - the higher this indicator, the lower your costs.
Usually it ranges from 80 to 90%, but there are models in which the efficiency reaches 92% due to a well-designed heat exchanger.
Some manufacturers offer for an additional 10-12 thousand rubles to increase the efficiency from 85 to 90-92% to purchase turbulators for their boilers, which is not the best option due to the fact that these steel elements are not durable and you will have to periodically buy new ones for those or 10 thousand.
It is better to immediately select a boiler that has a developed heat exchanger that guarantees maximum efficiency without additional wear elements.
Remember, after purchasing a pellet boiler, your heating costs are just beginning - choose the most highly efficient models with maximum efficiency. They can be found for the same money as the most popular models with less efficiency.
2) Burner type of pellet boiler:
There are two types of burners - torch and retort. Each type has several varieties.
Let's say briefly about torch burners: they are either expensive, or not of high quality and not durable. Both options do not improve the rationality of choice. Therefore, we recommend narrowing the selection of boilers to designs with retort burners.
Retorts come in vertical and horizontal types. In both types there are not whimsical solutions, and it is this factor that should be taken into account. Unpretentiousness means the ability of the burner to operate on pellets of any quality without failure. There are many solutions from different manufacturers - almost all of those presented in our catalog cope with this problem.
In our opinion, horizontal tray-type retorts are more practical - in them the risks of clogging with combustion products and emergency shutdown of the boiler are minimized.
3) Fire safety of a pellet boiler:
This problem can be solved in different ways; we advise you to select boilers in which the supply of pellets is organized using two screws with an air gap in the transport channel - according to statistics, boilers with such an architecture of a device supplying pellets to the burner are the most fireproof.
If you are offered a boiler that is 10-20 thousand rubles cheaper, but with a single-screw feeder, think about the future...
The described signs of a high-quality boiler are not exhaustive, but they will help reduce the risks of making the wrong choice to almost zero, so we recommend taking this information into account before going to the store.
Today, the X-TEPLO portal presents its readers with an expert review of the updated line of pellet boilers popular in Russia, produced under the brand. The brand of these boilers has long won the trust of consumers in the market, so we don’t pass by and share our impressions of the updated PELLET series.
It is impossible to achieve revolutionary changes in pellet boiler technologies today, so all of them, which is logical, are concentrated around operating comfort, as well as aesthetic advantages. Pyrolysis Master went both ways.
The first thing the consumer notices is the appearance, which has been dramatically improved thanks to the new design. According to our information, the manufacturer involved European experts in the field of industrial design in developing the design.
The second and more significant change was the new boiler automation. The updated controller in the new line of pellet burners “Pyrolysis Masters”, produced at a German plant in Poland, can now not only control the operation of the boiler, but also supports remote control through all modern communication channels, including the room thermostat. Now the consumer can “command” the boiler via SMS messages, using a computer via the Internet, as well as directly from the bedroom, setting a comfortable air temperature on the room thermostat.
Improvements have also been made to the burner device, which in boilers of this brand is one of the most unpretentious pellet burners on the market in relation to the quality of the fuel used. On the manufacturer’s website you can find a video of the burners in operation, after studying which you can be convinced of the omnivorous nature of this design. However, changes in boilers affected not only from the point of view of unpretentiousness. It's about durability.
We requested photos of the new burner, which show that all the “dry zones” of the steel surfaces of the burner have become 2 times thicker. For the consumer, this means one thing - the service life of the burner without replacing consumables will be the same as that of the boiler itself. This improvement, in our opinion, is key.
Burner operation example
For those who want to get more information about these boilers, we suggest moving down the article, where we will tell you more about the model range and design. It will be interesting, join us!
Model range of the PELLET series
A series of hot water boilers with burners for burning pellets of any quality, developed in 2015, includes 15 models, different in thermal power, but similar in design. The power range of all boilers presented in this series ranges from 15 to 500 kW, which allows them to be used for heating domestic, public and industrial buildings with a total area of up to 5000 square meters. meters, and when installed in cascades, the heated area is not limited.
The design consists of the following main elements:
- a steel boiler with a 5-pass heat exchanger - it should be noted that it is the only one on the market;
- fuel bunker;
- conveyor with two augers for feeding pellets into the firebox;
- cast iron burner;
- fan for air supply;
- automatic and emergency safety devices.
As additional equipment, a chimney is required, the internal cross-section of which depends on the power of the equipment and the maximum possible amount of combustion products.
Purpose of the equipment
Steel heating boilers of the PELLET series are designed for heating coolant in heating systems with a design operating temperature of up to 90°C and pressure of up to 2.0 kg/cm 2, as well as for preparing hot water through an indirect heating heat exchanger. The required boiler power is selected depending on the calculated heat losses of the building and the level of hot water consumption.
Types of fuel used
To obtain thermal energy, granulated pellets of any quality are used as the main type. Additional types may be small wood waste, sunflower husks, etc. The PELLET DUO series provides the ability to burn wood on the grates included in the delivery set.
Design Features
Especially for the PELLET series, a special heat exchanger design was developed, which forms a 5-pass movement of hot flue gases inside the firebox. In this case, the cooled coolant from the return line enters from the rear at the bottom of the heat exchanger and passes upward along it, all the time moving towards the flue gases with a higher temperature.
Thanks to this, it was possible to achieve a significant reduction in the temperature of the flue gases and increase the efficiency to 92%. This indicator can be considered objective, because The heat transfer area is truly impressive.
According to the consumer, such a high efficiency means high savings in pellet consumption, and therefore your money on heating.
The body is made of high-quality boiler steel with a thickness of 6-8 mm and is characterized by high strength and durability. Thermal insulation inside the structure reliably retains heat and eliminates unacceptable losses into the surrounding space. For convenient maintenance of the firebox and cleaning it from soot, service hatches and sufficient distances between the heat exchanger elements are provided.
Steel fuel hopper and pellet feeding device into the firebox
In the basic configuration, the volume of the bunker is selected in such a way as to ensure continuous operation of any model during the day at maximum load without adding pellets. However, it is possible to order a bunker with an increased volume, up to 10 thousand liters. Loading of granules is done through the upper hinged hatch.
Feeding into the firebox occurs using a mechanical device with two augers, which are located on axes of different heights. An air gap in the pellet supply channel to the burner increases the fire safety level to 100%, eliminating the possibility of flame penetration through the transport channel into the pellet hopper.
The first upper auger takes the pellets from the fuel hopper and transfers them to the second auger below. The lower mechanism feeds the pellets directly to combustion. The operation of the augers is controlled separately and performed automatically.
The fuel tank can be installed on the right or left side of the boiler. This will provide more convenient access to the loading hatch in small boiler rooms.
Pyrolysis Master pellet burners use a horizontal retort burner made of heat-resistant cast iron. Its design and operational advantages include:
- automatic ignition using a heating element;
- mechanical removal of ash residue after fuel combustion;
- forced combustion air supply, which ensures complete combustion;
- long service life due to the use of heat-resistant materials of great thickness;
- the ability to effectively burn various types of granular and other crushed dry fuels.
The automated operation of the combustion air fan increases the pressure of the flue gases inside the firebox and improves the draft in the chimney.
Summarizing the above about the burner, it must be said that it is not unique in design and corresponds to many analogues used in popular brands of boilers in Europe. It is worth noting that such a tray-type device for burning pellets and biomass is very practical among all the solutions offered on the market.
Automation and Security
Boilers of the PELLET series are equipped with automatic equipment produced by the Polish-German microelectronics plant, which produces almost all automatic equipment for boilers manufactured in Europe. The basic automatic control kit provides:
- timely rotation of the augers to supply granules;
- coolant temperature control;
- regulation of the amount of combustion air supplied;
- control of air temperature and required power level;
- control of the heating system circulation pump;
- regulation of hot water temperature in an indirect heating boiler or other indirect heat exchangers.
Additionally, each boiler in this series can be equipped with a control device via the Internet or sending SMS messages. If necessary, a room thermostat can be installed with the ability to regulate the temperature in the room. Safe operation is ensured by installing a safety relief valve and an emergency thermostat.
Recommendations for the use of PELLET boiler systems in heating systems
Pellet boilers can be considered as alternative sources of thermal energy that can provide cost-effective heat supply instead of installed gas equipment. They are operated in a completely autonomous mode or in parallel connection with already installed gas equipment. To use solid fuel devices, it is necessary to provide a separate fireproof and well-ventilated room.
Boilers Pyrolysis Master PELLET 15, 20, 30, 40 and 50
This group of boilers is designed to provide heat in heating systems of individual residential buildings with a total area of up to 500 m2. The presence of a basic fuel bunker will ensure efficient combustion of pellets throughout the day without additional loading. At the customer's request, it is possible to equip it with a larger volume bunker, which will increase the time between periodic loadings.
To ensure normal operating conditions, two premises are required:
- a furnace or boiler room in which a boiler, fuel bunker, circulation pump and other necessary equipment are installed;
- fireproof ventilated warehouse for storing fuel reserves.
The chimney can be free-standing or built-in (attached) to the building structures.
The level of equipment automation allows you to operate the boiler with minimal human intervention. You simply pour the required number of pellets into the fuel bunker, set the desired coolant temperature on the automatic controller and that’s it - the automation independently ignites the pellets, puts the boiler into operating mode and maintains the temperature you set. If you add pellets to the bunker in a timely manner, the process of autonomous operation of the boiler will last until the end of the heating season.
Boilers PELLET 60, 80, 100, 120 and 160
A group of boilers with a thermal power of 60-160 kW is intended for heating public, office, industrial, commercial and other buildings with a total area of 600-1600 m2.
Perhaps this is the most economical group of boilers, which for the commercial sector is a strong argument when choosing a boiler model. At high power, Pyrolysis Master boilers with high efficiency (92%) provide noticeable fuel savings, and in monetary terms this is 10-20% less than the cost of purchasing pellets. Not to mention the opportunity to purchase the cheapest ones - any will burn. It should be noted that fuel costs are approximate and taken in comparison with boilers that have a less developed heat exchanger.
Boilers PELLET 200, 250, 320, 400 and 500
This group of the most powerful boiler equipment with a capacity of 200-500 kW is intended for operation as part of heating systems for buildings with a total area of 2000 m2 and the ability to operate in cascades, which will allow heating any given area. Installation can only be carried out on the basis of agreed design solutions and by specialized installation organizations with the appropriate SRO approvals.
To store the necessary fuel reserves, a separate well-ventilated room should be provided. A solid fuel boiler installation can be placed in the same combustion chamber together with gas or other types of boilers. In this case, the use of a single group of circulation pumps is allowed.
Unlike gas equipment, pellet solid fuel boilers are allowed to be installed in rooms whose floor level is below ground level.
The operation of pellet plants of this capacity group involves organizing the transportation of pellets to an operational bunker through automated transport systems. The manufacturer is ready to offer large bunkers for main storage with screw conveyors into the operational bunker of the boiler.
Loading pellets into a complete fuel bunker can provide stable heating throughout the day at maximum load. At the request of the customer, the installation can be equipped with a hopper of increased volume up to 5000 or 10000 liters, which will significantly increase the pause time between periodic loadings.
Conclusion
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