Animals transmitting diseases presentation. Infectious diseases are most often transmitted by insect pathogens from the class of arthropods. These include: flies, fleas, mosquitoes, - presentation. Anopheles mosquito

AUTUMN FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) In terms of annoyingness and intrusiveness, the flies are not inferior to the houseflies. Fortunately, livestock prefer livestock to humans. This fly, equipped with a piercing proboscis, is a bloodsucker and causes harm as a carrier of anthrax, tularemia and other diseases. At one time, the fly drinks an amount of blood that exceeds its body weight by 1.5-2 times.

HOUSE FLY (Muscina stabulans) Adult flies are numerous in latrines and livestock buildings, especially if human feces are present. Less commonly, the house fly is found in residential buildings. Although it mainly feeds on feces, it also willingly sits on human food, infecting it with pathogenic microbes. They begin their lives as consumers of decaying plant matter, but then, having grown stronger, they begin to feed on the larvae of other dipterans, i.e. they become predators.

Houseflies are dangerous spreaders of infections. Each of them, having been exposed to feces and various kinds of waste, carries about 6 million microorganisms on the surface of its body and at least 2528 million in the intestines. But it must be said that the pathogenic bacteria in the intestines of the fly are not digested and are excreted quite viable. Typhoid and paratyphoid bacilli, dysentery bacillus, Vibrio cholera, tuberculosis bacillus, anthrax spores, the causative agent of diphtheria, and worm eggs were found on the flies. It is no longer found in the wild, outside towns and cities. Manure, feces, and various garbage are the waste where the larvae of the housefly, a constant companion of human settlements, develop. The reproduction rate of this species is amazing. HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica)

Housefly larvae, like other higher flies, do not have a head. They liquefy food by releasing digestive juices onto it; this method of digestion is called extraintestinal. In one liter of horse or cow manure or in the same amount of kitchen waste, from 1000 to 1500 fly larvae can simultaneously develop, and in pig manure up to 4000 Features of the development of houseflies

If for the first time a female drinks the blood of a person with malaria, she becomes dangerous, since her saliva is now teeming with sporozoites, the initial stage of development of the malarial plasmodium. Having re-fed the blood, the female again loses interest in food until the next batch of eggs matures and is laid. MALARIA MOSQUITO (Anopheles maculipennis)

HUMAN LICE (Pediculus humanus) Most often, lice infection occurs through close contact, when people are crowded together and find themselves in severe, unsanitary conditions that make it impossible to change clothes, wash them, or wash them. The human louse, especially its body louse, transmits pathogens of such dangerous diseases as typhus, relapsing fever and a number of others. Of particular danger is typhus, a disease caused by rickettsia microorganisms that settle inside cells.

Distributed in Europe, North Africa and Asia. Females of this species lay eggs on the hair of animals, mainly on the legs. Cattle are mainly affected. After 46 days, the larvae emerge from the eggs and, having penetrated the skin, begin complex migrations in the animal’s body. Then they go to the place of their final development, which takes place under the skin. Adult gadflies do not feed. They live off the nutrients accumulated in the larval phase, so their life is short. BULL GADDY (Hypoderma bovis)

These are large blood-sucking dipterans. A female horsefly is capable of taking up to 200 mg of blood in one blood suck, i.e., as much as 70 mosquitoes or 4,000 midges drink. Their harmfulness is further aggravated by the fact that when horseflies suck blood, they carry pathogens of anthrax, tularemia, polio and other serious diseases, and also transmit some diseases caused by nematodes. Family Horseflies (Tabanidae)

Alvana
Presentation for parents “Insects are carriers of dangerous infections: be careful!”

Infectious diseases, transmitted from the carrier organism to the recipient organism through an intermediate carrier are called transmission (from lat. "transmission" – broadcast). In this way they can transmitted by protozoans, viral and bacterial infections, A vectors may include mammals, birds, fish and other fauna.

It is known that carriers of some, often dangerous infections, are different insects, many of which live in human habitation areas.

Our planet inhabits a huge number of such insects. Some of them are beneficial, and some are harmful. However, there are those that carry a deadly danger. It is important to know as much as possible about these creatures and be able to protect yourself from them.

The most common are: mosquitoes, bedbugs. ticks, lice, fleas and flies.

Let's take a closer look at each of these types.

Publications on the topic:

KVN according to traffic rules “The smallest road sign, it’s there for a reason! Be careful people, respect every sign!” Educator: - Hello, our dear guests! We are glad to see you at our holiday, which we dedicated to road signs and rules.

Lapbook “Be careful on the road.” I have been using a lapbook methodological guide in my work for a long time. We made it together with the children. Intended.

Presentation "Insects" Summer! This is a wonderful time of year when you can admire the beauty of nature at every step. You just need to not miss out on amazing moments.

Presentation “Insects” for preschool children Most modern children rarely communicate with nature. Therefore, my presentation is aimed at ensuring that our children learn to love and take care.

Presentation “Insects” for teachers of audiology groups The presentation is intended for educators, teachers and teachers of audiology groups. Gives an idea of ​​the diversity of the insect world.

Presentation "Insects" In this presentation you will find a lot of interesting things for yourself and your kids. I tried to decorate useful information with bright pictures.

Presentation “Insects, amphibians, reptiles” Insects are among the most numerous and ubiquitous living creatures on Earth. They constitute a vast group of animals with millions of varieties.

A project to develop parents’ interest in children’s physical activity “Be healthy!” Problem: parents' disinterest in organizing their children's physical activity. Justification of the problem: - lack of awareness of parents.

Tasks

Educational:

Educational:

Educational

Lesson type:

"Exercise"

Exercise . Look at the pictures in textbook No. 164, p. 111. Read the text. Collapse text information into a table

Squad Lice.

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"Information Sheet"

Information sheet.

Squad Lice. Lice are small wingless insects with incomplete metamorphosis. Their legs have special claws, with the help of which insects attach to human hair, animal fur, and bird feathers. Their eggs (nits) also attach to the hair. During her life, a female louse can lay up to 300 eggs. They feed on blood. They have a sucking mouthpart. Along with saliva, substances that prevent blood clotting are released.

Order Hemiptera (Bedbugs). Bedbugs have a piercing-sucking apparatus. A bedbug brings great concern to a person. Leads a nocturnal lifestyle, hiding in shelters during the day (under wallpaper, under baseboards, in floor cracks, in the folds of mattresses, in furniture), where they lay eggs, runs quickly, and does not fly. Adult bedbugs can go hungry for six months or more, while larvae can go hungry for a year or a year and a half. Usually the bug feeds once a week, more often in hot weather. The bug has well-developed olfactory organs: at a great distance it detects its owner by smell. The question of whether the bedbug is a carrier of diseases has not yet been finally resolved

Tasks

Educational:

Reveal the characteristic features of dipterans, lice, fleas, show the negative role.

Educational:

1.Develop students’ thinking processes and attention.

2.Continue to develop general educational skills.

Educational: educate the fundamental principles of a healthy lifestyle

Lesson type: learning new material with primary knowledge control.

Educational Resources:

1. Video

   Handouts (information sheets, illustrations)

I . Indicative-motivational stage .

My friends! I'm very happy

Enter your welcoming class.

And for me it’s already a reward

Attention your smart eyes.

I know: everyone in the class is a genius,

But without work, success is not for the future.

From your knowledge and skills

We'll create a lesson together!

Guys! What is your purpose for coming to class? (become smarter) With each lesson you become a little smarter. Therefore, as the motto of our lesson, I took the words of naturalist Vinson Brown “... the accumulation of knowledge is like the growth of a tree...”. And I hope that after today’s lesson, the still thin shoots of your biological knowledge will grow with new branches of knowledge about insects. And besides the opportunity to become smarter, you can get a good grade.

Guys, today we will create a lesson together with you. And how interesting it will turn out will depend on your activity. Don't be afraid to express your opinion and put forward hypotheses. I will tell you what we will do in class, and you will try to determine the tasks that we will solve and what skills we will continue to develop.

Work with colored cards on the distribution of insects into orders (we repeat the distribution of insects into orders, test our knowledge)

Teacher's explanation (learning to listen carefully)

Watch the video (learn something new)

Working with text - filling out a table, composing a story (learning to highlight the main thing and clearly formulate your thoughts, speak correctly and beautifully)

Work in groups (learning to listen to others)

Solving tests (we test our knowledge)

Compiling the achievements screen

So, guys, today we will continue to develop general educational skills in working with visual materials: text, drawings. We will continue to develop skills for productive interaction in pairs and groups. And what is the purpose of our lesson? What should we ultimately learn? At the end of the lesson you will be able to:

Reveal the characteristic signs of dipterans, lice and fleas

Suggest measures to combat them

II . Updating of reference knowledge

The great Russian scientist I.P. Pavlov said: “Do not take on the next without mastering the previous.” We will follow the advice of the academician and before studying new material, we will repeat some information about insects that we will need in the lesson. To do this, we will work with colored cards.

What insects do we classify as dipterans?

Based on what signs?

Write down the topic of the lesson. Draw a marking table in your notebook

Write down in column I everything you know about Diptera. Work in pairs, exchange information and complete your notes. Discussion.

Do you think this is sufficient information? No. Then let's try to supplement it. What do you want to know? Write it down in column II. During the lesson we will find answers to your questions.

III . Operational and executive stage.

Presentation of new information

Ah, red summer

I would love you.

If it were not for the heat and the dust,

Yes mosquitoes, yes flies.

regretted A.S. Pushkin. And here is the opinion of the biologist K. Frisch: “Indeed, the fly is not without a peculiar grace and may even seem unusually neat: it cleans its head, wings, and legs so often and thoroughly that it is just right for it to give a certificate of trustworthiness. However, some features of its behavior make the fly dangerous. We will not, therefore, rush to praise this six-legged creature, but we will try to take a closer look at its properties and characteristics.”

Let's start with the fact that the fly is an unusual insect. It flies at a speed of 5 m per second and is very difficult to catch, since its huge eyes, consisting of 2 thousand facets, sense the approach of an object at a distance of 5 cm from the body. At the slightest danger, the fly flaps its wings 200 times per second and soars into the air. The favorite color of flies is yellow. Blue and green colors irritate them; they cannot distinguish between red and purple colors of moss. The eyes of a fly are also interesting because they very accurately determine the speed of movement. In their image and likeness, the designers created a device for instantly determining the speed of a supersonic aircraft and called it “the eye of a fly.” The fly has a well-developed sense of smell. She analyzes food 200 times better than a human. She does this with the help of the front pair of legs. A fly runs on the window panes and on the ceiling. Each paw has 2 claws and 2 adhesive pads. But the most interesting thing is the proboscis. She can drink with it. And lick, and suck, and scratch, and even spit if there is something you don’t like. With the help of the proboscis, the fly draws liquid food inside. And in order to take advantage of solid food (sugar), the fly releases a drop of saliva through its proboscis. Saliva dissolves the sugar and the fly can absorb it. In addition, the fly can crush solid food by scraping it with its proboscis. Therefore, for flies in any place, “the table and the house are ready.” And at the same time, a fly is a dangerous insect. Flies live in trash cans, cesspools, and farms. The reproduction of flies is associated with sewage, various rotting organic residues, and manure: they lay eggs here, from which larvae develop (Fig. 162). After completion of development, they pupate in the soil. Soon adult insects emerge from them. Crawling on food and dishes, flies leave their marks on them - dark spots (their burps or feces). They found 63 types of microorganisms collected anywhere. Among them are the causative agents of about 30 human diseases. When visiting food products, they carry eggs of roundworms, pathogens of typhoid fever, dysentery, and cholera.

Watch the video, discuss.

The housefly is called the “fourth Egyptian plague” and is declared “persona non grata.” Destroy it completely.

What do you think, is it worth doing? Maybe the fly brings some benefit? (its larvae process organic substances contained in animal excrement and their corpses). To ensure that flies do not pose a danger, it is necessary to regulate their numbers and observe the rules of personal hygiene (ask to formulate).

Assignment forI groups: read the text on page 111 about malarial and common mosquitoes, look at the pictures 163, the table in the information sheet. Knowing the biology of the mosquito, suggest measures to combat these insects.

Assignment forIII groups: read the text on page 112, look at Fig. 165, suggest methods of combating gadflies and horse flies

Assignment forIV groups: using the textbook text, information sheet, suggest methods of combating insects that harm humans

Presentation of group work (new product).

Reflection. Filling out the 3rd column - found out

IV . Reflective-evaluative

Assessment. Testing

Achievements screen.

VI . D/z : 1) paragraph 15

2) syncwine

V . Bottom line: They say beauty is in the eyes of the one who looks. Thank you for being able to see a lot in today's lesson. And I saw how each of you who was involved in the creation of our lesson opened up.

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"tests"

Task No. 1.

Name the extra insect according to its relationship:

B) housefly

Select an extra insect based on its feeding method :

A) bullfly

B) cockchafer

D) malaria mosquito

Name the type of wings characteristic of Diptera :

A) the front wings are rigid and the hind wings are membranous

B) both pairs are scaly

B) one pair, membranous

D) the anterior ones have longitudinal veins, and the posterior ones are fan-shaped

Name the type of mouthparts characteristic of Diptera:

A) sucking, coiled

B) piercing-sucking or licking

B) gnawing

D) gnawing or gnawing-licking

How a mosquito can be useful:

A) pollination of plants

B) serves as food for fish and birds

B) only harmful

The carrier of the causative agent of dysentery is :

A) locusts

B) housefly

B) dragonfly

D) cockchafer

A) codling moth

B) raspberry beetle

D) Colorado potato beetle

A) locusts

B) longhorned beetle

D) ground beetle

Task No. 2. Match:

Vectors of human pathogens

a) gadfly, b) housefly, c) malaria mosquito, d) lice, e) bedbugs, f) horsefly, g) fleas

Insects - carriers

Work completed

Vorobyova Tatyana

And etc.

9 "B"

Introduction page 2

Malaria mosquito p.3

Common mosquitoes pp. 4 - 5

Head louse p.6

Fleas page 7

Mosquitoes p.8

Midges p.9

Tsetse fly p.10

Housefly p.11

References p.12

Insects - carriers of diseases

Infectious diseases transmitted from a carrier organism to a recipient organism through an intermediate carrier are called transmission diseases ( from lat. " transmissio » – transmission). Protozoal, viral and bacterial infections can be transmitted in this way, and mammals, birds, fish and other representatives of fauna can be carriers.

It is known that carriers of some, often dangerous, infections are various insects, many of which live in places where humans live (fleas, lice, bedbugs, mosquitoes).

Malaria mosquito ( Anopheles maculipennis ) – serves as a specific carrier of the malaria pathogen. Males and young females feed on plant juices, and after mating, females begin to drink blood, which is necessary for the development of eggs. Females attack humans, domestic and wild animals. After the eggs mature, the females migrate to the pond. The difference from other mosquitoes is that Anopheles lays eggs scattered, without sticking them to each other. The eggs have air chambers and float on the surface of the water. After a few days, the eggs hatch into air-breathing larvae. When breathing, their body is parallel to the surface of the reservoir, and air enters the trachea through the spiracles, while in Aedes and Culex mosquitoes the air enters through a siphon. It is by the shape of the respiratory siphon that one can distinguish the pupa of a malaria mosquito from an ordinary one: in the pupa of a malaria mosquito it has the shape of a cone. In adults, differences are manifested in the structure of the head appendages, the color of the wings and the landing. In Anopheles females, the mandibular palps are equal in length to the proboscis; there are small dark spots on the wings; and the abdomen of a sitting mosquito is raised and at an angle to the surface.

Common mosquitoes ( Culex , Aedes ) – are carriers of Japanese encephalitis, Saint Louis encephalitis, tularemia and yellow fever. They live all over the world in natural reservoirs and swampy places. The development cycle is no different from that of the malarial mosquito, but Culex and Aedes mosquitoes have features that can distinguish them from their malarial counterpart.

The common mosquito lays eggs in dense clusters, the respiratory siphon appears at the larval stage, and in the pupa it takes the shape of a cylinder. In females, the mandibular palps are shorter than the proboscis and make up a quarter of its length, there are no dark spots on the wings, and the body of a sitting mosquito is located horizontally.

The main distinguishing features of malarial and non-malarial mosquitoes.

1 – floats; 2 – stigma; 3 – respiratory siphon of the larva; 4 - respiratory siphon of pupae; 5 – eyes;

6 – antennae; 7 – mandibular palps; 8 - proboscis.

Lice are perfectly adapted to living at the expense of others. The oral apparatus of lice is a sharp needle, with which they pierce the skin even of elephants. The soft tube surrounding the needle fits tightly to the wound; the esophagus, expanding, sucks out the blood. Lice saliva contains heparin-like anticoagulants. The legs are equipped with claws that can press against special notches on the shins. This allows the lice to tightly grip the hair of the animal or person. Lice have poor vision—they often lack eyes—but they have an excellent sense of smell, which allows them to choose the most attractive host. Lice do not like to change the appearance of their hosts. The lifespan of lice is only 2 months, but due to intensive reproduction they maintain a high population level.

The female lays several hundred eggs (nits), from which offspring hatch after 2 weeks.

Lice are constant companions of natural and social disasters. In conditions of crowded people and the impossibility of observing hygiene rules, lice breed in huge quantities. Lice are carriers of typhus and relapsing fever, which in former times claimed many lives. During the Russian-Turkish War, more people died from typhus than from wounds.

The lifespan of fleas is short - 3 - 4 months. The female does not lay eggs on the host’s body, but “shoots” them into the external environment. Under favorable circumstances, larvae that look like small worms hatch from the eggs in the trash or in damp soil. After a few weeks they pupate, and a little later adult fleas emerge from the cocoons.

Mosquitoes ( Phlebotomus ) - blood-sucking insects that live in the tropics and subtropics. Just like mosquitoes, mosquitoes need blood to lay eggs. From early spring, female mosquitoes attack mammals and humans at dusk. Simultaneously with the digestion of blood, the eggs mature in the ovaries.

Unlike mosquitoes, the development cycle of mosquitoes is not associated with water. The larvae develop in various moist organic debris. In nature, the places where mosquitoes develop are hollows, caves, turtle and rodent burrows, and in cities - basements, garbage pits, latrines, and barnyards. The duration of development of one generation of mosquitoes is 2 months.

The habitat of mosquitoes determines the range of diseases they carry: papatachi fever, cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis.

Midges ( Simuliidae ) – small humpback mosquitoes, whose body length does not exceed 6 mm. They differ from real mosquitoes in having short, strong legs and a short proboscis. Their wings at rest fold horizontally one above the other, their antennae consist of 9–11 segments.

Midges are blood-sucking insects; together with mosquitoes and midges, they form hordes of midges that attack mammals in the taiga and tundra, domestic animals and humans. Adult female midges feed only on clear sunny days and are inactive in cold, cloudy weather. The short proboscis of midges with sawing mandibles and tearing maxillae is well adapted for piercing the skin. Wounds caused by midges fester for a long time and heal poorly. Multiple midge bites can lead to death, as their saliva is poisonous and contains anticoagulants. Males feed on nectar.

Female midges lay their eggs in the water, where after some time the larvae emerge. The larvae are immediately attached to some substrate using hooks at the rear end of the body. The number of larvae in water can reach 200 per 1 cm2. The entire colony of larvae pupates simultaneously, and after 2 weeks young individuals emerge from the pupa.

Midges are carriers of anthrax, glanders, tularemia, and leprosy.

Tsetse fly ( Glossina palpalis ) - a blood-sucking insect that lives in Africa.

By biting a person, the fly in whose stomach lives trypanosomes, transmits them into the blood of a person, who after some time develops symptoms of trypanosomiasis - sleeping sickness.

The disease is characterized by symptoms of damage to the central nervous system: trembling of the limbs, headache, apathy, drowsiness, which, progressing, lead to coma and death. This nature of the course of the disease gave it the name “sleepy”.

Housefly ( Musca domestica ) - one of the few synanatropic insect species. It is not found in the wild and lives only in human habitation.

Houseflies lay large numbers of eggs in manure, feces, and garbage. A fly can lay no more than 200 eggs at a time, but sufficient nutrition gives it the opportunity to repeat clutches every 3 days, so its fertility is up to 600 eggs. If the larvae, pupae and flies themselves did not die, then by the end of summer the offspring of one fly would amount to 5 trillion individuals!

Since housefly larvae do not have heads, they liquefy food by releasing digestive juices onto it. This method of digestion is called extraintestinal. As a result, the entire colony of larvae floats in a semi-digested medium, which they constantly swallow. Up to 1 to 4 thousand larvae can live in 1 liter of manure or slop.

Houseflies are dangerous spreaders of infections. Each of them, having been on feces, carries up to 6 million microbial bodies on its legs and abdomen, and up to 28 million in the intestines. Pathogenic microorganisms in the fly's intestines are not digested and are excreted in a viable form. Thus, flies transmit pathogens of typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, dysentery, cholera, tuberculosis, viral hepatitis A, anthrax, diphtheria, as well as worm eggs.

Bibliography

1. Paul de Cruy. Microbe hunters.

2. Animal Life, vol. 3, ed. S.P. Naumova. M., 1969

3. Encyclopedia "Avanta+". Biology.

4. Chebyshev N.V. Biology. Ed. "New Wave", 2000.

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A person can become infected from a seemingly harmless housefly. In fact, flies are very dangerous; they are carriers of cholera, typhoid fever, and dysentery.

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Cockroaches, like flies, feed on waste and carry bacteria and microorganisms on their legs, resulting in infection of humans, most often children. Cockroaches can also cause severe allergies in children.

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One of the most dangerous types of insects is considered to be mosquitoes, which transmit infection by biting and sucking blood. These insects are carriers of human pathogens: malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, which kill thousands of people every year.

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The tsetse fly carries sleeping sickness, which causes blindness. A huge number of people in Africa are going blind from this disease and it is almost impossible to stop this process. Stopping such mass diseases will require hundreds of thousands, millions of dollars, which Africa, as an underdeveloped state, cannot afford to spend on purchasing medicines and protective equipment.

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Lice are carriers of typhus and relapsing fever, and fleas are carriers of plague. Adult fleas feed exclusively on blood, sucking up to 20 times their own weight in blood every day. Flea bites are painful, causing severe itching and inflammation of the skin.

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Slide 9

The most dangerous insects that carry pathogens live and breed in regions with high average temperatures: tropical and subtropical climates. Due to the onset of global warming, these regions are moving north, insects are beginning to capture new territories, adapt and reproduce in new areas. Also, due to warming, mosquitoes begin to multiply exponentially, as water bodies dry up under the influence of high temperatures and turn into puddles or swamps, the most comfortable places for mosquitoes to live, which are carriers of diseases dangerous to humans.