Administrative ranks of Cossack Ukraine. Yakov Lizogub, Colonel of Chernigov, General Cornet, General Convoy, Chancellor of Ukraine, Hetman

Armashi of the Little Russian Army.

Ataman of the artillery of the General Little Russian Army. Commanded the gunners.

Ataman of the artillery of the Little Russian Army regiment. He commanded the guns in the regiment.

Ataman of the Little Russian Army. He was in charge of the police in regimental cities; centurion - the first foreman in a hundred after the centurion, was present with him in the centurion office, looked after the police, performed the duties of the centurion.

Zholdat Ataman of the Little Russian Army. In the General Military Chancellery and other main Little Russian government places, an infantry company known as Zholdatskaya, recruited from two Cossack villages of Zholdaki and Spaskoye (Krolevets Povet), stood guard. stood above themAtamans of Zholdat.They all received a salary.

Under the Governor-General Count Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky, this company was converted into a regular infantry company, called fuseler. She was then transferred to the regular provincial company Novgorod - Severskaya.

Ataman Kurenny of the Little Russian Army. The commander of the Cossacks living in the kuren.

Rural Ataman of the Little Russian Army. The commander of the Cossack auxiliaries living in his village. Subsequently, the atamans were renamed elected. In government and property settlements it was called rural voyt.

Bobrovniki of the Little Russian Army. There was a special kind of service Cossacks, at the request of the hetmans, determined by colonels and centurions, namely: beavers , archers and birders. Bobrovniki They caught beavers for the hetman. For this they were exempted from military service. There were several thousand of them in Little Russia. After Count Razumovsky, they began to pay tax for Little Russian belongings, instead of the hunting they had done before.

Bunchuzhny General of the military of Little Russia. The keeper of the hetman's horsetail had the same content as the General Cornet. In peacetime, he was present at the Hetman's command in the Military Chancellery. IN war time all the bunchuk comrades were under his command.

Bunchukov's comrade of Little Russia.

Carriers of the Little Russian Army. They were at the zemstvo and city courts. They served summons to court, took possession of estates, testified to violence, losses and dead bodies. They were elected from the nobility and received income from business. The main one, general-vozny, was later attached to the Little Russian General Court.

Vozny General of the Little Russian Army.

Voit rural Little Russian army. Rural Ataman of the Little Russian Army, commander of the Cossack assistants living in his village, later renamed the elected Ataman, in state-owned and proprietary villages he was calledrural voyt.

General of the Little Russian Army. There were transporters at the zemstvo and city courts. They served summons to court, took possession of estates, testified to violence, losses and dead bodies. They were elected from the nobility and received income from business. The main one, general-vozny, was later attached to the Little Russian General Court.

Hetman of Little Russia. The main leader of the people, the supreme judge and military leader, was called, following the example of the Polish hetmans, the nobleman. Since the time of Kosinsky, the Cossacks elected hetmans by free vote. Subsequently, free election was respected formally and the representatives of the Russian court governed the will of the people. The hetman's income was initially in one eldership of Chigirinsky, then in Gadyachsky, and subsequently amounted to over one hundred thousand rubles. After the hetman, came the general elders, called noble gentlemen.

Little Russian ranks arose in the first half of the 14th century, under the Polish king Stefan Batory.

Governors of the Little Russian Army. They performed police duties in regimental cities and townships; supervised the convicts.

Nobleman of Little Russia. Such a Cossack nobleman, engaged in the trade of a merchant, was deprived of the advantages of the nobility at that time.

Esaul of the artillery regiment of the Little Russian Army. Supervised the regimental artillery.

Esaul of the General Artillery of Little Russia. Since the time of Bohdan Khmelnitsky, he was present in the office of the hetman artillery. I watched hundreds of regimental and police officers. He was under the command of the general convoy and, in his absence, commanded the artillery.

Esaul General of the military of Little Russia. The first, after General Obozny, military leader who ruled in peacetime and war, under the main leadership of the hetman, the entire Cossack army, except for the Zaporozhye one. He inspected the shelves, eradicated the disorder he noticed, and was present at the General Military Chancellery. All colonels were subordinate to him. Initially, this position was performed by one official, later by two, each of whom was in charge of a special part entrusted by the hetman. In peacetime, they were also entrusted with civil affairs. They received allowances of four hundred zlotys and a mill. Then each of them had ranked villages, consisting of two hundred households.

Little Russian ranks arose in the first half of the 14th century, under the Polish king Stefan Batory.

Esaul regimental companion of the Little Russian Army. He performed the same position as the esaul of the police regiments.

Regimental Esaul of the Little Russian Army. Fourth sergeant major of the regiment. He observed order in peacetime and was present in the regimental office. There were two of them each. Under Bogdan Khmelnitsky, they received a salary of two hundred zlotys per year, and later owned a high-ranking estate.

Esaul, hundredth of the Little Russian Army. Belonged to a hundred foreman, a junior officer in a hundred.

Yesaulians of the Little Russian Army esaulians or stoychiki.

Little Russian Cossack. Such a Cossack, falsely called a nobleman, was deprived of his estates

Cossacks Elected of the Little Russian Army. Cossacks who had their own ammunition - a uniform, a gun, a pike, and also a horse, who thus performed service at home and abroad, were called elective. The poor, equipped from several households, supplied one Cossack with everything necessary, who for this reason was called an assistant. The number of both in hundreds was unequal. In every hundred elected there were from one hundred, two hundred or more Cossacks, assistants up to a thousand or more. The former were considered as individuals, the latter as huts or families.

Until 1763, elected Cossacks did not have the same uniform in all regiments. But the hetman, Count Razumovsky, determined a uniform of the same color and cut: a short outer cloth zhupan (caftan) dark blue with red lapels and the same cuffs, and along the edges of the brim and at the bottom of the red cloth there is a narrow edge, a white cloth half-caftan, white trousers Polish cloth. The zhupan and half-caftan were knee-length, a red steel sash, a low Polish hat, multi-colored in each regiment, with a black sheepskin band, blue cloaks, hussar guns and sabers, Cossack pikes and saddles. Many of the general elders, imitating the hetman, wore German uniforms of the same color, a blue caftan with red round cuffs, yellow buttons on the side and on both sides, a red collar, a camisole and underdress of white cloth, and an equestrian officer's sword.

Cossacks of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth of Little Russia.

Clerk of the Little Russian Army.

Military clerk of the Little Russian Army. The sons of Little Russian officials entered this rank, the General Military Chancellery. After graduating from science, we interned in the service. Their number was not determined. The rich served out of honor, the poor were placed in Glukhov in a government house. The village of Voronki, in which there were up to eight hundred souls, was provided for their maintenance in the Lubensky regiment (now in Lokhvitsky povet). In the regiments they were subordinate to the senior clerks, in the General Military Chancellery to the general, and in the Court to the general clerk of the ship.

Regimental clerk of the Little Russian Army. In the large regiments, at the regimental offices, there were sixteen people, in the smaller ones there were ten. When the zemstvo povet courts were opened, half of the regimental clerks were transferred there. They received a salary.

Clerk Senior military officer of the Military General Chancellery of Little Russia. Previously he was called regent. There were two of them. They corresponded to secretaries and also used small ranked villages. In the regimental chancelleries, these officials were called senior regimental clerks.

Clerk Senior Regimental Chancellery of the Army of Little Russia. Previously he was called regent. There were two of them. They corresponded to secretaries and also used small ranked villages.

Captain of the Zholdat company of the Little Russian Army.

Kolodniks of Little Russia. The Overseers were watching over them

Peasants of the Ground of Little Russia.

Philistines of Little Russia. The burghers of the cities were granted Magdeburg rights by the Polish kings. These are the cities: Kiev, Chernigov, Pereyaslavl, Starodub, Nizhyn, Pogar, Mglin, Oster, Novgorod - Seversky and Krolevets. It is written in the rights: having received an insult from princes, noblemen and their peasants, in case of dissatisfaction, summon everyone to the zemstvo court to proceed according to the laws.

Obozny General of Little Russia. Follows Getman. The rank corresponding to the general-feldtzeichmeister, the chief commander of the regimental and city artillery, convoys of all Cossack troops. In the General Military Chancellery, under the direct control of the hetman, in charge of all military affairs - he was in seniority, received a thousand Polish zlotys and a mill for his maintenance, then villages of four hundred households were assigned to him, instead of maintenance.

Little Russian ranks arose in the first half of the 14th century, under the Polish king Stefan Batory.

Convoy of a hunting or convivial regiment. He performed the same position as the regimental convoy officer.

Regimental convoy. The first sergeant major in the regiment. Subordinated to the colonel. He was under the command of the general convoy and the Office of the General Artillery. He was present in the regimental office and acted as colonel during his absence or illness, if there was no Bunchuk comrade in the regiment. Instead of a salary, he had several households from high-ranking villages.

First Member of the City Court. Judge of the regimental Little Russia, second sergeant-major in the regiment, was present on regimental affairs in the office. He stood below the rank of convoy. Owned a high-ranking estate.

Clerk of the artillery of the General Little Russian Army. Served as secretary. Reported on affairs in the office of the General Artillery.

Clerk of the regimental artillery of the Little Russian Army.

Clerk of the General Military of Little Russia. The most important dignitary in Little Russia. Managed all incoming and outgoing papers of the General Military Chancellery. He occupied first place after General Obozny, carried out the hetman's decisions on military and civil matters. Under Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky, a salary of one thousand Polish zlotys and a mill were determined. Then he owned high-ranking villages and, among them, the town of Gorodishche in Lokhvitsky district.

Little Russian ranks arose in the first half of the 14th century, under the Polish king Stefan Batory.

Clerk of the city Little Russian army. In the city court he served as secretary. Instead of a salary, he received income from business. Previously he was called the clerk of the regimental court.

Zemstvo Clerk of the Little Russian Army. He reported on cases to the zemstvo district court, signed decisions issued and other papers. He was elected from the nobility and enjoyed legal income from business.

Clerk of the Komorsky Army of the Little Russian Army. Had in his custody the files of the podkomorny court, went with the podkomornik or komornik to controversial issues about land, served as secretary.

Regimental clerk of the Little Russian Army. Served as secretary.

Regimental clerk of the Little Russian Army. Third sergeant major in the regiment. He did the same thing in the regimental office as the general clerk in the General Military Chancellery. Under Bogdan Khmelnytsky he received fifty zlotys of annual salary. Later he had small ranked villages.

Clerk of the centenary of the Little Russian Army. He served as a secretary in the hundred's office.

Clerk of the Court of General Ruthenia. The rank existed from time immemorial with the army. In the General Court clerk managed all incoming and outgoing papers. His place was subsequently taken by the secretary. Under Bogdan Khmelnitsky, he received one hundred zlotys annually. Then ranked villages were assigned to him.

Subcomorium of Little Russia. He was (from 1763) a judge in the subcomoral court, who, in cases sent from the zemstvo courts, personally witnessed the boundaries of the disputed land, demarcated them and updated the old ones. He had two assistants, called komorniks. Instead of salaries, he and the court clerks, according to the Statute, determined income from business.

Little Russian assistants.Rural Ataman of the Little Russian Army, Cossack commander assistants , living in his village, later renamed the elected Ataman, in state-owned and proprietary villages he was calledrural voyt.

In each kuren of the Little Russian Regiment there were several dozen elected Cossacks and auxiliaries in the kuren.

Cossacks who had their own ammunition - a uniform, a gun, a pike, and also a horse, who thus performed service at home and abroad, were called elective. The poor, equipped from several households, supplied one Cossack with everything necessary, who for this reason was called an assistant. The number of both in hundreds was unequal. In every hundred elected there were from one hundred, two hundred or more Cossacks, assistants up to a thousand or more. The former were considered as individuals, the latter as huts or families. Often a peasant, marrying a Cossack daughter or a Cossack’s widow, receiving or purchasing Cossack land, became a Cossack, and a Cossack, avoiding service, became a peasant.

In peacetime, elected Cossacks maintained a chain on the border Great Russia and Turkey: assistants carried foot and horse internal service, being at the hundred and regimental offices, for various parcels.

Podskarbiy General of Little Russia. The rank was established in 1729. Chairman of the General Chancery Office. He was in charge of all Little Russian incomes and expenses. Supervised the General Accounting Commission. The content was determined in three hundred households.

Little Russian ranks arose in the first half of the 14th century, under the Polish king Stefan Batory.

Judgment of the Zemstvo Court of Little Russia. He was elected by the nobility and enjoyed the same content as a judge.

Little Russian neighbors. Peasants who did not have land or households were known in Little Russia as susedi and podssuedi. They, passing to different owners, cultivated their fields. As a reward, they received from the wealthy people plots suitable for arable farming and hay cutting, and they were installed in those places. Such peasants were called ground peasants.

Colonel is sociable. There were three of them in the Little Russian Army. They received their salaries from military belongings.

Colonel of the Little Russian Army. Under Count Razumovsky, some colonels tried to establish a regular system and order.

Colonels of Little Russia. They took first place after the general foremen. The title originates in Little Russia from the time of Stefan Batory in 1576. All military, police and zemstvo affairs, as well as regimental artillery, were subordinate to them. Each of them headed his own regimental chancellery, and from 1763, according to the Statute, as a voivode, in the city court, where criminal cases were heard. The regimental foreman and centurions, the number of which was not the same in all regiments, were directly subordinate to them.

The colonel had with him the regimental banner, a special baton - pernach and regimental music. Under Bogdan Khmelnytsky they used the income from the mills.

Under his son, Yuri, they received a salary from Little Russian taxes, one hundred efimki and one mill. Then they owned rank villages, some of which consisted of several thousand souls. Their income was so significant that even general foremen became colonels.

Colonels of the Little Russian Army. They were determined first by the hetmans for money, then, on the proposal of the hetmans, with the approval of the sovereigns. The Cossack regiment, Little Russian, constituted an entire region or province, was called after its main city or town, and, in addition to the towns, consisted of many villages and hamlets. In the regimental city there were: the colonel, foremen and the regimental office. Each regiment was divided into hundreds, their number was unequal.

The hetman promoted him to regimental foreman and centurion. The hundred bore the name from the town or village in which its main apartment was located, included several villages and hamlets, and was divided into those that were less Zaporizhian. In each kuren there were several dozen elected Cossacks and assistants.

Polish-Lithuanian Cossacks of Little Russia. Just like the peasants in Little Russia did not have the right to sell and mortgage their lands without the permission of the landowner; could move from place to place, but leaving everything they had acquired to the master, paying him for preferential time and receiving written leave from him. Landowners were not allowed to sell them otherwise than with lands.

Commoner of Little Russia. Such a Cossack, who showed obvious, eminent military merit, courage against enemies, was awarded by the king privileges for the liberties of the nobility and for the coat of arms.

Birders of the Little Russian Army. archers and birders. Birders shot birds. For this they were exempted from military service. There were several thousand of them in Little Russia. After Count Razumovsky, they began to pay tax for Little Russian belongings, instead of the hunting they had done before.

Gunners of the Little Russian Army. The main and regimental artillery was staffed by Cossacks: armashes or gunners and furleyts.

Regent of Little Russia. Later he became known as the Senior Military Clerk of the Military General Chancellery of Little Russia. There were two of them. They corresponded to secretaries and also used small ranked villages.

Captain or Centurion of the convivial company of the Little Russian Army.

Privates of the Zholdat infantry company of the Little Russian Army. They had a cornet and other elders over them, wore a dark blue Cossack uniform with red lapels and a red half-caftan. They all received a salary.

Serdyuki of the Little Russian Army. In addition to the mounted Cossack regiments, there were infantry regiments in Little Russia, known as Serdyukov . Little Russian chroniclers mentioned them for the first time in 1674. It must be assumed that this is an army recruited not only from Cossacks, but also from others free people, who received a salary, was established by Doroshenko. Serdyuki , under Mazepa, there were three regiments. They lived in Baturin and in the outskirts of this city: “they were...” - in the words of Georgy Konissky - “... Mazepa’s guardian angels, spirits who carried out the very beckons of the hetman. Woe to the man who fell into their hands! The best officials shuddered when they saw in the house of one of these guards sent for him. They played with the mob like a ball, so they were hated by the people. And the army did not tolerate them. When they fell (in 1708, with the exception of one regiment, the Vernago) they became a byword among the people, Those who escaped the fate of death ate the lowest wages: in public baths, distilleries, and turned to day laborers.”

Centurion or captain of a convivial company of the Little Russian Army.

Centurion of the Little Russian Army. The title was established in the Cossack army by Stefan Batory in 1576. In his hundred he was the same as a colonel in the regiment. He supervised the deanery, verbally dealt with zemstvo and unimportant criminal cases between the Cossacks. The centurions served for the most part on your own content. Few of them had ranked villages. Proof of how profitable the place they occupied was!

Sergeant Major of the Sotennaya Company of the Little Russian Army. Consisted of an ataman, a clerk, an esaul and a cornet.

Standers of the Little Russian Army . Cossacks assigned to the offices for parcels were called esaulians or stoychiki.

Sagittarius of the Little Russian Army. There was a special kind of serving Cossacks, at the request of the hetmans, determined by colonels and centurions, namely: bobrovniki, archers and birders. Sagittarius They shot the animals. For this they were exempted from military service. There were several thousand of them in Little Russia. After Count Razumovsky, they began to pay tax for Little Russian belongings, instead of the hunting they had done before.

Judge General of Little Russia. Follows Hetman and General Convoy. There were two general judges: the eldest presided over the General Court - the tribunal, the highest court in the judicial branch; the youngest was a member. Under Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky, their salary was three hundred zlotys per mill. Afterwards they owned ranked villages of three hundred households each, instead of maintaining them.

Little Russian ranks arose in the first half of the 14th century, under the Polish king Stefan Batory.

Zemstvo Judge of Little Russia. Restored in 1763, he was elected by the nobility of the povet in which the court was located, presided over it and received, instead of a salary, income from business determined by the Statute.

Judge Junior General of Little Russia.

Little Russian ranks arose in the first half of the 14th century, under the Polish king Stefan Batory.

Judge of the regimental Little Russia. The second sergeant-major in the regiment, was present on regimental affairs in the office. He stood below the rank of convoy. First member of the city court. Owned a high-ranking estate.

Judge Senior General of Little Russia. There were two general judges in Little Russia: the eldest presided over the General Court - the tribunal, the highest court in the judicial branch; the youngest was a member.

There were two general judges: the eldest presided over the General Court - the tribunal, the highest court in the judicial branch; the youngest was a member.

Little Russian ranks arose in the first half of the 14th century, under the Polish king Stefan Batory.

Comrade Bunchukov of Little Russia. A rank established by Hetman Mazepa to give greater importance to his kleinods. The sons of general foremen, colonels and the noblest nobility were elevated to the ranks of bunchuk comrades. During wartime, these young people were constantly with the hetman, guarding his banner and horsetail. They were under the command of the General Bunchuzhny. They served without pay, on their own pay, and did not have a specific position. Under Mazepa's successors, in the absence of colonels, they commanded regiments, presided over regimental chancelleries, and were present, in civil matters, in the general court and in special commissions. Their number did not exceed one hundred people, and subsequently increased.

Comrade of the Little Russian Army. He performed various military and civilian positions, commanding a hundred in the absence of a centurion. Certain number they weren't. At first they depended on the colonels and regimental chancelleries, then on the Little Russian Collegium.

Comrade Noble military of Little Russia. The main place among the comrades was occupied by noble military comrades. This was the name given to retired general foremen and colonels, who in public meetings took precedence not only over Bunchuk’s comrades, but even over real general foremen and colonels.

Comrade Noble Regimental Little Russia. The gentry, which were not so rich, were known in the regiments under the name of noble comrades of such and such a regiment.

Comrade Noble of the hundreds of Little Russia. The poorest nobles were proud of the same name as the regimental ones, with the addition only of the hundred in which they served instead of the regiment.

Comrade Znachkovy of the Little Russian Army. Previously he was called a noble regimental comrade; he probably received this name from the small badges that, in addition to the banner, were in hundreds of Cossack ones. Badge comrades carried them. The sons of regimental sergeants and other officials received this rank. A personal decree on August 8, 1734 established that there were 420 people in all ten regiments. First they were determined by the General Chancellery, then by colonels, and finally by the Little Russian Collegium.

Comrades of Little Russia. A rank established by Hetman Mazepa to give greater importance to his kleinods. The sons of general foremen, colonels and the noblest nobility were elevated to the ranks of bunchuk comrades. During wartime, these young people were constantly with the hetman, guarding his banner and horsetail. They were under the command of the General Bunchuzhny. They served without pay, on their own pay, and did not have a specific position. Under Mazepa's successors, in the absence of colonels, they commanded regiments, presided over regimental chancelleries, and were present, in civil matters, in the general court and in special commissions. Their number did not exceed one hundred people, and subsequently increased.

Notable military comrades of Little Russia. The main place among the comrades was occupied by noble military comrades. This was the name given to retired general foremen and colonels, who in public meetings took precedence not only over Bunchuk’s comrades, but even over real general foremen and colonels.

Notable regimental comrades of Little Russia. The gentry, which were not so rich, were known in the regiments under the name of noble comrades of such and such a regiment.

Noble comrades of the hundreds of Little Russia . The poorest nobles were proud of the same name as the regimental ones, with the addition only of the hundred in which they served instead of the regiment.

Furleits of the Little Russian Army. The main and regimental artillery was staffed by Cossacks: armashes or gunners and furleyts.

Cornet of the artillery of the General Little Russia. Guardian of the main artillery banner. Present at the office of the General Artillery. He was subordinate to the general convoy. Under Bogdan Khmelnitsky, he received an annual salary of fifty Polish zlotys.

Cornet General of the military of Little Russia. He was the custodian of a large military banner, received by each hetman, upon election, from the Polish kings, then from the Russian Autocrats. This banner was always with the Hetman. Instead of a monetary salary, he owned ranked villages, in which there were up to two hundred households.

Little Russian ranks arose in the first half of the 14th century, under the Polish king Stefan Batory.

Cornet of the regimental artillery of the Little Russian Army. Guardian of the artillery regimental banner.

Cornet regimental company of the Little Russian Army. The same position as the cornet of a policeman's regiment.

Cornet regiment of the Little Russian Army. Fifth sergeant major of the regiment. He kept the regimental banner and was sometimes present in the office. Under Bogdan Khmelnitsky, he received a salary of fifty zlotys a year.

Cornet centenary of the Little Russian Army. He performed the same position in a hundred, as a regimental captain in a regiment; received thirty zlotys of annual salary under Bogdan Khmelnitsky.

Guardian of the artillery regimental banner of the Little Russian Army. Cornet of the regimental artillery.

Little Russian nobility. It was made up of indigenous residents, granted estates from the Polish kings, then from the All-Russian Autocrats, who acquired ranks and estates by shedding their blood on the battlefield, through service useful for the sovereigns and the fatherland.

Together with Polish and foreign nobles who moved to live in Ukraine,nobility of Little Russiareceived in the 16th century, on the basis of the Statute of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, various advantages:

1).Participated in the election of: kings, ambassadors to the general diet, subcommittee, clerk and zemstvo judges, cornet and carriers.

2).Could, at will, dispose of one’s own property, ancestral, earned, purchased, or otherwise acquired.

3).Was exempt from duties: supply of carts, summer houses, apartments, construction and repair of royal castles, construction of bridges and other road work.

4). Was not deprived of dignity and positions due to denunciation in absentia.

5).No person was taken into custody without a court decision.

6). Had free travel to foreign countries, except for enemy lands.

7).All nobles, from the noblest to the poorest, are recognized as equal.

First ranks or speaking modern language- positions among the Cossacks; the hetman, ataman, clerk, centurion, and foreman were elected. The later appearance of ranks in the Cossack troops dates back to the 15th-16th centuries, which was associated primarily with the transformation of the Cossacks into a military organization as an integral part of the country's armed forces. In the Russian army, ranks were first introduced in the middle of the 16th century in the Streltsy army. The last Russian Tsar and first All-Russian Emperor Peter I Alekseevich “the Great” established a unified system of military, civil and court ranks, which was finally consolidated in 1722 in the “Table of Ranks”. The ranks were assigned to a specific class, the senior of which was the first class. IN late XVIII century, officer ranks of the Cossack troops were included in the Table of Ranks. In 1828, under Emperor Nicholas I, the Cossack troops were introduced one system everyone military ranks(ranks). By that time, the Cossacks had the following ranks:

staff officers(senior officers) - colonel, lieutenant colonel and military sergeant major;

chief officers(junior officers) - esaul, centurion, cornet;

lower ranks- sergeant, constable, clerk and Cossack (private). In the future, this system of military ranks (ranks) in the Cossack troops did not tolerate any more changes. In 1880, the rank of sub-soror was introduced. In 1884, the rank of lieutenant colonel was replaced by the rank of military foreman, which previously corresponded to an army major, and the rank of captain was introduced, equal to a staff captain in the army cavalry.

Cossack

At the lowest rung of the Cossack army's career ladder stood an ordinary Cossack, corresponding to an infantry private.

Orderly

The clerk had one stripe and corresponded to a corporal in the infantry.

Uryadnik

The ranks of junior sergeant and senior sergeant corresponded to junior non-commissioned officer, non-commissioned officer and senior non-commissioned officer, respectively, the number of badges is typical for modern non-commissioned officers.

Sergeant

Sergeant is the next rank, which was not only in the Cossacks, but also in the non-commissioned officers of the cavalry and horse artillery. In the Russian army and gendarmerie, the sergeant was the closest assistant to the commander of a hundred, squadron, battery for drill training, internal order and economic affairs. The rank of sergeant corresponded to the rank of sergeant major in the infantry.

Podkhorunzhy

According to the regulations of 1884, introduced by Alexander III, the next rank in the Cossack troops, but only for wartime, was sub-short, an intermediate rank between ensign and warrant officer in the infantry, also introduced in wartime. In peacetime, except for the Cossack troops, these ranks existed only for reserve officers.

Cornet

Cornet is the next grade in the chief officer ranks, corresponding to second lieutenant in the infantry and cornet in the regular cavalry. According to his official position, he corresponded to a lieutenant in the modern army, but wore shoulder straps with a blue gap on a silver field with two stars. In the army of time Russian Empire, compared to the Soviet one, the number of stars was one more.

Centurion

Sotnik is a chief officer rank in the Cossack troops, corresponding to a lieutenant in the regular army. The centurion wore shoulder straps of the same design, but with three stars, corresponding in his position to a modern senior lieutenant.

Podesaul

Podesaul was the assistant or deputy of the captain and in his absence commanded the Cossack hundred. The shoulder straps had the same design as the centurion, but with four stars. His official position corresponds to that of a modern captain. This rank was introduced in 1884. In the regular troops it corresponded to the rank of staff captain and staff captain.

Esaul

Yesauls (Turkic - chief) were general, military, regimental, hundred, village, marching and artillery. General Yesaul (two per Army) - the highest rank after the hetman. In peacetime, general esauls performed inspector functions; in war they commanded several regiments, and in the absence of the hetman, the entire Army. But this is typical only for the Zaporozhye Cossacks.

Military esauls were elected at the Military Circle (in Donskoy and most others - two per Army, in Volzhsky and Orenburg - one each). We were engaged in administrative matters. Since 1835, they were appointed as adjutants to the military ataman.

Regimental esauls(initially two per regiment) performed the duties of staff officers and were the closest assistants to the regiment commander. Hundred esauls (one per hundred) commanded hundreds. This link did not take root in the Don Army after the first centuries of the existence of the Cossacks. The village esauls were characteristic only of the Don Army. They were elected at village assemblies and served as assistants to the village atamans.

Marching esauls (usually two per Army) were selected when setting out on a campaign. They served as assistants to the marching chieftain, in the 16th-17th centuries they commanded the army in his absence, and later they were executors of the marching chieftain’s orders. The artillery captain (one per Army) was subordinate to the chief of artillery and carried out his instructions.

General, regimental, village and other esauls were gradually abolished. Only the military esaul was preserved under the military ataman of the Cossack army. In 1798 - 1800 The rank of esaul was equal to the rank of captain in the cavalry. Esaul, as a rule, commanded a Cossack hundred. His official position corresponded to that of a modern captain. He wore shoulder straps with a blue gap on a silver field without stars.

Next come the staff officer ranks. In fact, after the reform of Alexander III in 1884, the rank of esaul entered this rank, and therefore the rank of major was removed from the staff officer ranks, as a result of which a serviceman immediately became a lieutenant colonel from captains.

Military foreman. The name military foreman comes from the ancient name of the executive body of power among the Cossacks. In the second half of the 18th century, this name, in a modified form, extended to individuals who commanded individual branches of the Cossack army. Since 1754, a military foreman was equivalent to a major, and with the abolition of this rank in 1884, to a lieutenant colonel. He wore shoulder straps with two blue gaps on a silver field and three stars.

Colonel

Colonel - shoulder straps are the same as those of a military sergeant major, but without stars. Starting from this rank, career ladder is being unified with the general army one, since the purely Cossack names of ranks are disappearing. The official position of a Cossack general fully corresponds to the general ranks of the Russian Army.

During his life, Colonel of Chernigov, appointed hetman. Yakov. Lizogub made a few campaigns in particular, the first of which was in 1696. Azov. But it turned out to be enough to become known as a commander not only in Ukraine, but also beyond its borders. We find mention of the extremely fruitful campaign and commander of the Ukrainian Cossacks, in particular, in the “Chronicle of Little Russia or History of the Cossacks-Cossacks” by the French historian of the 18th century. Jean-Benoit. Scherer. This is what it says: “Tsar Peter went to Azov for the second time at the head of a mighty army and ordered Mazepa to send him fifteen thousand Cossacks. Mazepa immediately sent this solid reinforcement under the leadership of Yakov Lizogub, Colonel of Chernigov, and Mikhail Boroshov. , Colonel Gadyatsky. When they arrived to the Tsar, he sent them by Don to Azov, and then by sea to the Tatar settlements in the Kuban, in order to cut off all communication routes between Azov and other Tatars."At the end of the campaign, according to the data. Sherer, "Lizogub, vice-hetman, and the colonels received (from Tsar Peter I - BS) rich gifts and presents."

He spoke even more succinctly about the commander’s success. Lizoguba historian. I. Krip"yakevich:"In 1696, Ukrainian troops were under the assigned hetman. Yakov. Lyzogub was again called, took part in obtaining the forts and enjoyed great fame for their bravery.”

Happened. Yakov. Lizogub is from a well-known Cossack elder family in Ukraine. Lizogubov. He distinguished himself back in the day. Khmelnitsky. As a Chernigov colonel, he took part in several battles and campaigns. Mazepa. But in the Poltava tragedy, among those who retreated with the hetman for. Dniester, he was not there. But he becomes an active military and political figure during the time of the hetman. I. Skoropadsky. It is known, in particular, that in 1718 he was part of the delegation that went to negotiate with. Peter I, who had just returned from. France. Then. Yakov. Lizogub, already as a recognized commander, occupied the position of general foreman. By the way, in another case he was also one of those Ukrainian officers who had the chance to become witnesses at the trial. Peter over his son. Alexey. We also see him as part of the Ukrainian delegation (January 1722), when. Moscow welcomed. Pat ra. And with the adoption of the title "Emperor-Emperor".

After death. I. Skoropadsky. Lizogub was lucky to hold his position. During the time of the hetman. Polubotok, he headed the government for two (1723-1724) years, and was also considered the official representative of the Ukrainian army foreman. The Little Russian Collegium was actually the government. Peter I in Ukraine.

And then there was. Gilyansky (Second Persian) campaign of Ukrainian Cossacks consisting of Russian army, fighting which were carried out on the territory of modern. Azerbaijan. General Cornet. Yakov. Lizogub, the commander of a large unit there, operated quite successfully during all five years. Rokiv.

Authority. Jacob. Lizoguba grew so much as a commander that in 1726, according to the new register of general foreman, he was appointed general convoy officer, i.e. in modern language, the chief of artillery and convoys in the entire hetman’s army. In essence, he became a general. New Hetman. Danilo. The apostle perceived. Lizoguba, as an experienced military leader, was considered his leading commander. It was to him that the hetman entrusted command of the twenty-thousandth Ukrainian army sent against the Poles along with the Russian troops of the field marshal. Minikha this time the Ukrainian Cossacks reached. Gdansk and, together with the Russians, besieged the city. Why this city? and then the details. It's more important for us to know what's in four years. Lizogub again led the Ukrainian army, which, together with the Russians, knocked out the Turks and Turks from

Black Sea coast

Therefore, one can only be surprised that the commander who commanded the Ukrainian armies over a vast space - from. Caspian to. Baltic and. We Ukrainians hardly know the Black Sea, nor should we even know it. And one more interesting information:. Yakov. Lizogub also acted as a historian in particular; according to some researchers, he owned the 1742 “Chronicle,” and entered scientific circulation under the name “Lizogubovskayago.”