Yoshta - cultivation technology. Planting, propagation, care, harvesting and storage of crops. Agricultural technology. Yoshta (photo) planting and care: my reviews of the plant and growing experience Autumn pruning of Yoshta

Among gardeners, selective hybrid crops, which are characterized by improved positive qualities of the parent plants, are increasingly gaining popularity. One of the most famous fruit and berry hybrids is Yoshta with leaves like gooseberries and fruits like currants. Powerful bushes with an average height of about 2 m have absolutely no thorns, produce few root shoots and have stronger shoots, and will also delight you with large black berries with a sweet and sour taste. Resistance to most parental diseases and frosts is another advantage of the shrub. However, sometimes yoshta leads gardeners to bewilderment: after planting, a year or two passes, and still no berries are seen. What could this be connected with?

The reasons why yoshta does not bear fruit may be a violation of growing recommendations, namely:

• lack of pollination;
• lack of moisture;
• lack of nutrition.

How to increase fruiting?

In general, the plant is partially self-fertile. Its yellow inflorescences with a slight sweet smell attract insects, but sometimes this is not enough. If a shrub blooms, but there are no or few ovaries, experienced gardeners advise planting parent crops - currants and gooseberries - as neighbors. This will improve the quality of pollination and, accordingly, productivity.

Lack of moisture

One of the conditions for good bush development and fruiting is a sufficient level of moisture in the soil. It is especially important to regularly water the yoshta in the summer, when the air temperature is high and there is rarely precipitation. You need to pour at least three buckets of water under an adult plant and make sure that the soil under the bush does not dry out. If this happens, the yoshta will not only grow poorly, but also bear fruit.

To avoid rapid evaporation of water, the tree trunk circle should be mulched with humus, which will also prevent weeds from giving a chance and provide the bush with nutrients.

Yoshta's nutritional problems

The hybrid has a persistent disposition and is able to survive almost anywhere. But if the purpose of planting is not only to obtain a decorative hedge, but also useful berries, the yoshta must be periodically fed.

Particular attention should be paid to owners of plots with poor soil - it will be very difficult to achieve good fruiting there without fertilizing.

Fertilizers should be applied to the bush throughout the entire growing season, namely:

• in spring - humus, compost;
• in summer - phosphate preparations;
• for the winter - potassium fertilizers.

By adhering to the basics of proper yoshta care, you can enjoy large and tasty berries for the next 20 years.

Many letters are received containing requests for help to figure out whether it is worth messing with this crop in the garden and what it is eaten with. Well, here is just a detailed report on this topic.

To grow, you have to cut

I want to talk a little about yoshte.

Opinions about it are mixed: some like it, some don’t, and some still can’t make up their minds because it’s the difference in opinions that confuses it. These are the doubters I want to help.

For me, yoshta is a favorite among berry bushes. But it appeared on my site eight years ago by pure chance: I was looking for something unusual at the market in the spring, and they offered me a small bush of three branches, which was recommended as an extremely successful hybrid of blackcurrant and gooseberry. And I still agree with this opinion: yoshta has no thorns, it has large berries that do not fall off after ripening (the leaves are similar to gooseberry leaves, only more beautiful).

Not knowing anything about this culture specifically, I cared for it in the same way as currants. I planted the purchased seedling in a sunny place, in loose soil. And the very next year I tried the first berries. I note that yoshta grows quickly, and some of its branches reach a length of 2 m, so the bushes require annual pruning.

By the way, after planting, you also need to remove weak branches from seedlings, then the development of the bushes will go faster.

The flowers are inconspicuous in appearance, appearing slightly earlier than the leaves. To attract pollinating insects, I spray the bushes with water with honey or sugar. The most important thing is that the shrub does not require any special care. Unless, of course, you count fertilizing. Every spring I add the following nutrient mixture: 300 g of slaked lime, 70 g of superphosphate and two buckets of compost per square meter. At the same time, I seal it only outside the crowns, to the depth of a spade bayonet.

Since the yoshta bushes are spreading, I tie up some particularly overgrown specimens: right in the middle of them I drive a 2-meter pole with a ring screwed to its upper end, to which I tie the fallen branches in a circle - and the berries are clean, and it’s convenient to collect them. I made wooden supports for two bushes (photo 1). It turned out pretty good too.

The only problem with yoshta is pests. My plantings are damaged from time to time by glass. Moreover, you may not even guess about the initial stage of infection: the caterpillars gnaw through the bark and penetrate inside the branches, where they overwinter.

The next year, they enthusiastically begin to do their dirty work, and then the shoots they damaged begin to lag in growth (this is especially noticeable at the end of flowering), and the berries that grow on them grow small and tasteless.

It’s impossible not to notice this “picture”, but, as they say, it’s too late to drink Borjomi. All that remains is to cut out all the diseased branches at the base and burn them (I do this behind the front of the plot, in a vacant lot). I don’t know any other way to deal with glassware. Maybe some of the readers will share ideas on this matter?

Two methods of breeding yoshta - choose to taste

I propagate yoshta vegetatively. I pin individual branches to the ground, lightly strip the bark where it touches the ground, then sprinkle it with fertile soil from the beds and tamp it down. Then I hammer a peg next to it and tie the tip of the pinned branch to it. And the next year I plant the rooted bush in a new place (photo 2).

I tried propagation by cuttings. I prepared them like this: I selected strong woody branches, cut off “blanks” 18-20 cm long from them (I made the cuts obliquely), removed leaves from the lower half and planted them in partial shade in soil well fertilized with humus, plunging them about 2/3 into the holes. their lengths.

Such cuttings took root well, but for a long time they were weak and grew very slowly. Then, to speed up the process, I tried covering some of the cuttings with plastic bottles with the bottoms cut off (but before that I darkened them with a clay mash and let it dry).

The result was a little better, but it still took a lot of time to turn the cuttings into a normal fruit-bearing bush. Therefore, I abandoned this method and now propagate only by layering.

What can be prepared from yoshta

Ripe yoshta berries are dark in color with a bluish bloom. They hold tightly to the branches and do not fall (photo 3). From them it turns out simply great jam. If any of the guests doesn’t know, then they will never guess what it is made from: it tastes like currants, and smells like gooseberries. And I cook it in literally 10 minutes. Pour half the berries into a deep frying pan and add the same amount of sugar by weight, put it on high heat, stir. As soon as the sugar melts and the berries burst and everything starts to bubble, I turn it off. I fill clean jars, roll them up, and cover them until they cool. You can’t leave jam unattended while it’s cooking – it’ll try to run away.

Yoshta juice gels perfectly; when you open the jar, you will get berries in jelly without adding gelatin. And what an excellent taste, color and smell the yoshta compote has!

So my impressions of Yoshta are only positive.

Growing yoshta - planting and care: reviews and tips

Synchronized Harvest

Perhaps no other berry plant causes as much controversy as this one. But the whole point is that for some summer residents the yoshta bears fruit beautifully, but for others it does not. The time has finally come to figure out what is causing such whims.

So, I planted two bushes in the far corner of the garden. They took it well and began to gain strength quite quickly. And so they grew to a height of more than one and a half meters, but they didn’t show any flowers or berries. Okay, I think, apparently, I was among those who were unlucky with yoshta. But I didn’t uproot the bushes: firstly, they grow in the backyards (even if well lit) and don’t bother anyone, and secondly, I’ve never complained about a lack of patience - there’s no hurry, let them grow. What if they come to their senses?

As time passed, my garden plantings expanded. It came to the far corner where the yoshta grew. Next to it I was forced to place two old white currant bushes, which were on the old

The trees began to wither, finding themselves in the shade of overgrown fruit trees. And then something amazing happened: as these “old people” revived (the currants, instead of the removed, life-beaten branches, began to actively grow young ones, on which flowers appeared without delay), the yoshta bushes rushed to come to their senses, which also began to bloom.

Moreover, these processes developed synchronously. And it got to the point that last year I had already collected half a bucket of currants and yoshta berries. And there is every reason to hope for more in the new season.

It turns out that the yoshta began to bear fruit not because its bushes had grown, but precisely because of its proximity to currants.

Just a coincidence, would you say? Don't think. And here's your argument. Between these bushes I planted a young yoshta bush, well developed after rooting, the year before. Imagine my surprise when next spring I saw flowers on it! Of course, I tore them off, leaving a couple of branches, but the fact remains: the first bushes did not bear fruit for six years, but this one gave color in the second year.

Another interesting observation. Three meters from the yoshta, a black currant bush has been growing for a long time, but its appearance turned out to be completely unnoticed by the yoshta (at least, she did not even think of blooming with these currants for company). I didn’t notice the yoshta and the gooseberries, which I planted on the other side, at a slightly greater distance. Hence the following conclusion: proximity to both “parents” (after all, yoshta appeared from crossing currants and gooseberries) is not a panacea. So if this whim will take an example, it will only be from white currants.

This means, dear summer residents and workers, if you want yoshta berries, then this is a completely feasible dream!

A.I. Chelyadnikova

YOSHTA OR JOSTA?

For many summer residents, this crop no longer seems like some kind of outrageous exotic, but questions about it still remain. Well, it's time to figure them out.

I admit, I have a lot of things growing at my summer cottage, but I’m bored of dealing only with plants that are familiar and common in our area. I always want to buy some new product, especially if not only I, but also my neighboring summer residents have not heard of it before.

Therefore, I carefully look at the products presented there in gardening stores and markets. But I learned about the plant that I now want to talk about not from erudite traders, but from my fellow country workers - from readers.

We are talking about yoshta. After reading several letters about it, I became eager to find out what kind of curiosity this is, why did this hybrid of black currant and gooseberry win the hearts of gardeners so much?

I began to purposefully look for it at gardening fairs, but all was unsuccessful. One day I finally saw seedlings and bought them. But apparently, the sellers turned out to be unscrupulous and sold me ordinary currants under the guise of yoshta, because it is very difficult to determine which is which based on one type of cutting. And the desire to grow a yoshta only intensified. I even contacted one gardener from the Baltics after reading his article, and he sent a parcel with planting material. And out of it grew... huge prickly gooseberry bushes with dark-colored berries. I think that gardener himself is still confused about what exactly he grows.

But finally, in two nurseries I was able to find what I had wanted for so long. In only one nursery was the coveted crop called “ yoshta", and in the other - " josta" Moreover, the description on the labels of these currant-gooseberry bushes was the same. What is the difference is still unclear to me. Unfortunately, I didn’t remember which one was which when landing. I think it’s still the same thing, since outwardly the bushes are no different. Their leaves are medium in size, slightly larger than those of gooseberries, but smaller than those of black currants, and do not have its characteristic smell. The bushes themselves are medium in size, not yet tall, as promised in the description of the variety. But the main thing is that it is truly a thornless and cold-resistant plant. Withstands frosts down to -35°!

By the way, I chose a sunny place for planting my newcomers, although for a short time the shadow from a fruit tree growing nearby falls there. Since my soil is loam, I added half a bucket of peat and sand into the planting holes (digging them 50x50 cm in size), at the same time adding a matchbox of superphosphate. The distance between the bushes was 1 m. Caring for them was the usual, like all my berry bushes: weeding and light loosening of the soil. In the spring I added several granules of nitrogen fertilizer (urea).

The first berries appeared only this season, i.e. in the second year after planting, and then only on one bush. The fruits turned out to be slightly larger than currants, dark in color (almost black purple, to be more precise), with greenish and juicy pulp, which tastes both like gooseberries and currants, but at the same time has a slight “signature” sourness. At the same time, the berries of the yoshta ripened later than is customary for its “parents.” This first harvest was very small, so it was not yet possible to treat all of our friends and neighbors to this wonder. I hope that next year I will be able to collect more of these berries, which taste pleasant and there are no problems with picking them. In the photo on the left are the leaves and berries of yoshta, and on the right (for comparison) are black currants.

Dear Tatyana Vladimirovna! It is enough to glance briefly at the Internet to be convinced that columnar forms are characteristic not only of apple trees, but also of pears and other fruit trees. And joshta is the Russian pronunciation of the word josta (josta). The hybrid was bred in the 1970s in Germany by breeder Rudolf Bauer.

"SELF-PROPELLED" BUSHES

My big garden brings joy. I adore all my pets, but I have a special love for Yoshta. It has been growing with me for a long time; its seedling was given to me by a neighbor who thought it was some kind of elite, thornless gooseberry. Later I figured out what it was and enlightened her too

The best thing about yoshta is that it grows “self-propelled”, without requiring any special care, and the harvest is always good.

Moreover, the taste of the berries is simply excellent; moreover, they tolerate transportation well and, when picked, even at the stage of full ripeness, do not burst when you squeeze them with your fingers. The yoshta bush has grown so much in breadth that I not only distribute cuttings to all my friends and acquaintances, but also to those who simply want them. And no one has yet regretted planting yoshta!

“We matched” currants to gooseberries

Traditional gardening has always been a bit boring for me. At first, I planted ordinary vegetables in small quantities (as long as there was enough for the family), herbs and herbs. And then I realized that this is my land, and on my land I can grow anything and conduct any experiments. I’ll tell you about one of the most interesting, in my opinion, planting yoshta!

Bet on seeds

The name “yoshta” itself sounds easy and funny! This unusual berry is a hybrid of black currant and gooseberry, a kind of crop for those who cannot decide which berry they like best. German breeders were the first to succeed in crossing such distant forms of plants. They achieved Vfcnexa in the 70s of the last century.

I won’t talk for long about how well the shrub winters in our area, and that it is also resistant to heat and is immune to diseases and pests. What can I say: the breeders did their best! I chose the Odzhebin variety for planting. Since it was difficult to get yoshta seedlings in our city, I ordered the seeds by mail. But from the moment they were received, the most interesting and difficult began.

Stratification

Seeds need to be stratified. This process imitates their natural ripening under a layer of soil in winter and spring. Some gardeners keep stratified seeds in the refrigerator, but I just bury them in the snow near the house to avoid cluttering the shelves. To stratify the yoshta, I took calcined fine sand, mixed it with pre-prepared sphagnum, which has antiseptic properties, and with the seeds themselves. I poured the mixture into a small box. I wrapped it in a bag for 2-3 days to prevent the soil from drying out and left it warm. After that, I closed the box well and buried it in the snow. If you do this in November, by April it will be possible to plant the seedlings in open ground.

Landing

The hole for planting must be dug deep - 50x50x50 cm. We should not forget about fertilizers. I made the distance between the bushes the usual for berry gardens - 1.5 m. All care involved loosening, weeding, watering. The soil around the seedling needs to be mulched with humus and peat. I carefully weeded everything around the bush so that there were no weeds. The soil should be moist and loose. The bush overwinters without any problems, and begins to bear fruit after about 1-2 years.

At first it seemed to me that the bush was growing poorly, but in the second year the situation improved. Overall, I really liked the berry. There were no thorns, which are so annoying in gooseberries: by the time you pick them, you will be left without hands. And the taste turned out to be softer than that of currants. So I will continue to cultivate my yoshta bushes and monitor the harvest!

On a note

After successful hybridization carried out by German specialists, hybrids of gooseberries and black currants were created in other countries - Russia (Zvyagina hybrid), USA - Krondal, Sweden - Krom, Hungary - Rike. These plants have much in common, although there are significant differences in the shape of the bush, size, weight and taste of the berries, as well as winter hardiness and yield.

The most interesting is the Swedish hybrid called Kroma, obtained by crossing gooseberries with Karelian currants. The result is a fast-growing, very productive hybrid with thick branches, like a real tree. Therefore, they do not require tying to the trellis. In the first half of summer, the fruits of this plant taste like gooseberries, and in the second half - black currants.

Nikolay Fedorovich MARCHENKOV, Penza region, Nizhny Lomov

Spots appeared on the leaves of the yoshta, like mold (pictured).

Two thirds of the bush are affected. How to save him?

Olga Tokareva, Kyiv

Yoshta is a hybrid of gooseberries and black currants, which has inherited the diseases of its “parents”. And one of them is powdery mildew, the signs of which we see in the photo (foci of white plaque, similar to powdery powder). If the problem is not dealt with, the berries become inedible and the bush may eventually die.

Control measures

In the new season, as a preventative measure, treat the bushes (before the buds open) with a solution of copper sulfate (75-85 g per 10 liters of water).

One of the best and proven drugs for powdery mildew is Skor, which is used as prevention (before flowering) and treatment of the disease at an early stage. Topaz and Topsin-M also cope effectively with powdery mildew (all according to the instructions).

When leaves appear and the ovary forms, you can treat the bushes with the biofungicide Fitosporin.

Among the traditional methods, a soap solution with soda ash is effective: dilute 25 g of soda ash in 5 liters of hot water, add a little liquid soap (5 ml). Treat diseased plants and top layer of soil with this mixture 2-3 times at weekly intervals.

: Growing yoshta - what is it...: PLANTING GOOSEBERRY AND CURRANTS: THE MAIN...

Work on creating the bush lasted for more than one year. The breeder managed to create a hybrid, which began to be grown for industrial purposes. Yoshta is not particularly popular in Russia, unlike Western Europe.

Features of the Yoshta hybrid

The yoshta shrub is massive, the branches are spreading. The shoots grow in height to about 150 centimeters or more. The roots go 30-40 centimeters deep.

The bush has no thorns. The crown reaches about 1.5 -2.0 m in diameter. The shrub has large dark green leaves that look similar to currant leaves, but they do not have the characteristic smell that is inherent in currants. The foliage on the bush remains until winter. The flowering is large, the color is rich. The berries of the plant are sweet and sour, the color of the fruit is dark purple. The berries are similar in appearance to cherry fruits. One brush contains approximately 3-5 berries. The harvest appears when the plant reaches two years of age.

Shrubs can easily tolerate frosts. The plant is also resistant to pests and various diseases. On average, the lifespan of a shrub is 20–30 years. Related crops:

• Gooseberry;
• Currant: black, .

Yoshta varieties: description and photo

Yoshta is a hybrid, so the plant has few varieties. There are two types of varieties:

1. Varieties similar to currants;
2. Varieties similar to gooseberries.

EMB

The variety was developed in Britain. Resistant to pests and various diseases. The shrub is tall, the plant height can reach 1.8 m. Many characteristic features of the variety are similar to gooseberries. The flowering of Yoshta EMB lasts for half a month. The plant produces a fairly large harvest. The weight of one berry is 5 grams. The fruits have excellent taste. Fruit ripening occurs after approximately 8 weeks.

Crown

The variety was bred by breeders from Sweden. The plant is medium-yielding, but has large fruits. Ripe berries stay on the branches for a long time and do not fall off.

Shrubs of this variety are planted to green the area or create a hedge.

Rext

The variety was obtained in Russia. The bushes are frost-resistant and allow you to harvest a large harvest of small berries.

The weight of the berries is about 3 grams. Yoshta fruits have excellent taste characteristics.

Yohini

The variety is highly productive. The plant can grow up to 2 m, but no more. The berries are very sweet.

In terms of taste characteristics, Yohini berries are not similar to currants or gooseberries.

Moro

The height of the bush is approximately 2.5 m. The variety is columnar. This means that the bushes are tall and not spreading.

The berries are dark in color, almost black. The size of the berries is similar to that of cherries. The fruits have a characteristic nutmeg aroma. The surface of the berries has a purple coating.

All these varieties can be safely cultivated in:

• Moscow region;
• Mid latitudes;
• Regions with more severe weather conditions (Siberia, Ural).

Planting yoshta in open ground

It is worth starting to plant a hybrid in the spring before sap flow begins. You can plant in the fall, only at the very beginning. You need to choose an area that is sufficiently lit and the soil is saturated with nutrients.

Advice! Experienced gardeners claim that next to yoshtoi shrubs should grow currants or gooseberries. This condition is necessary for the shrub to develop and bear fruit better.

To choose a healthy seedling, you need to carefully examine its roots. They should not have any flaws. If the roots of the seedling are dry or weathered, most likely the plant will not take root. The underside of the bark should be green; if it is brown, the seedling may be dead.

If the yoshta was purchased in the fall, then before planting it is necessary to remove all the foliage, but very carefully so as not to injure the buds. All dry and rotten roots should be cut off, and others should be trimmed a little. It is recommended to immerse the roots in water for 24 hours if they are very weathered.

Planting yoshta in spring

The planting hole for the seedling must be made spacious. This condition is necessary so that the entire root system fits into it and there is still additional space left. The approximate size of the pit is 50*50*50 cm. The pit should be prepared in the fall. The distance between the holes should be 1.5-2 m. If the plant is planted to create a hedge, then the distance between the plants should be reduced to 40-50 cm.

You need to pour into the planting hole:

• 500 ml wood ash;
• ½ bucket of humus;
• ½ bucket of compost;
• some infertile soil;
• 100 grams of superphosphate.

The listed ingredients must be mixed. Fill the third part of the hole with this mixture. Next, fertile soil is added up to half of the planting hole. Then you need to water it with water, 10 liters of water will be enough.

During the winter months, the soil will have time to settle and settle. With the onset of spring, the bottom of the hole should be loosened, and then a seedling should be installed in the center. Next, straighten the root system and fill the hole with soil. The soil should be poured in gradually, the seedling should be shaken slightly so that all the empty spaces in the hole are filled. The soil near the tree trunk is compacted. The bush should be watered with 10 liters of water.

As soon as the soil becomes dry, it should be mulched to a depth of 5-10 cm using peat, grass, hay or humus. Next you need to prune the plant. Each stem should remain with 2 or three buds, but no more.

Autumn planting of a hybrid

The procedure for planting shrubs in open ground is similar to the spring scheme. The only condition is that the planting hole must be prepared approximately 15 days before planting.

Watch the video! Yoshta is a shrub that should grow in every garden

Care

In April it is necessary to loosen the area. This will be the first loosening. The soil near the trunk should be loosened by 4 or 6 cm, and the row spacing by 8-10 cm. The soil should be loosened once every 15-20 days. To reduce the frequency of weeding, loosening, and watering, it is necessary to mulch the area. Mulching will allow shrubs to grow better. Peat or humus can be used as mulch. It is important that the soil contains the required level of moisture and is sufficiently loose. As soon as weeds appear on the site, they should be removed.

Yoshta processing

• Copper sulfate (1%);
• Bordeaux mixture (1%);
• Nitrafen (1%);
• Urea -7%.

Urea will additionally saturate the soil with nitrogen. Plants should be treated when the air warms up by at least 5 degrees.

Watering

Plants need to be watered regularly, using large amounts of water. If there is a lack of moisture, the plant will not develop well. It is optimal for the soil to get wet to a depth of 30-40 cm. Since the root system is located at this depth. For 1 sq. meter should contain 2-3 buckets of water.

Plants should be watered in the morning or evening after sunset. Gardeners recommend making small grooves around the bush about 10-15 cm within a radius of 30-40 cm from the crown. Watering should be carried out precisely in these recesses. The frequency of watering depends on weather conditions, soil moisture permeability, and mulching.

Yoshta fertilizer

The tree trunk circle of the yoshta must be mulched. There should be approximately 20 kilograms of mulch per bush. Mulching prevents the soil from drying out and saturates the soil with nutrients.

For full development, a seedling up to 3 years old in one season must be fed with mineral fertilizers:

• there will be 20 grams of potassium sulfate,
• 30-40 grams of superphosphate (per 1 sq. m.).

For a plant that turns 4 years old, the level of phosphate substances decreases to 30 grams, and potassium fertilizers must be increased to 25 grams per 1 sq. m. In the fall, it is necessary to add wood ash to each bush (about 500 ml will be needed).

Pruning yoshta

Pruning should be done in the spring, before sap flow begins. Or in the autumn, as soon as the leaves fall.

Pruning yoshta in spring

Removing affected shoots from shrubs in spring is an important procedure. To begin with, all unhealthy and injured branches must be removed. Branches that have been damaged by frost must be trimmed back to healthy tissue. Plants do not need formative pruning. 7-8 year old branches of an adult plant must be shortened, leaving approximately 6 healthy buds on them.

Autumn pruning of yoshta

When the plant is already at rest, after leaf fall, sanitary pruning of the shoots should be done. All injured and glass-infested stems must be removed. The stems that thicken the bush are also trimmed. All other branches are shortened by a third.

Yoshta Reproduction

Yoshta is propagated vegetatively, namely:

• Cuttings;
• By layering;
• Dividing the bush.

Watch the video! Yoshta Reproduction

Bush dividing method

Such propagation should be carried out in the fall. Or when a plant is transplanted. The bush is removed from the ground. The root system must be cleared of soil. The bush must be divided into several parts; for such purposes it is recommended to use a sharp garden knife. It is important that when dividing, each part has 1 or 2 strong branches and developed roots. The cut must be treated with charcoal. Then you can start planting the separated parts of the plant.

Reproduction of yoshta by layering

In the spring, after the earth has warmed up, it is necessary to take strong and unaffected 1-2 year old branches. Next, bend them to the surface of the soil and place them in a pre-prepared ditch 10 cm deep. Next, the stems are fixed with metal hooks. Fill the ditches with soil. The top is pinched. As soon as the layering grows 10-12 centimeters, they are half-sprinkled with soil. After 15-20 days, the plants must be hilled to the same height. In spring or autumn, cuttings are separated from the main bush and planted in a permanent place. This is a method of propagation by horizontal layering. In gardening, there are methods of propagation by vertical and arcuate layering.

Cuttings

Using cuttings you can get:

• Semi-lignified cuttings;
• Green cuttings.

To prepare semi-lignified cuttings, you need to use 2-4 year old branches from stems that have matured. Cuttings should be prepared in the fall. From about mid to late September, cuttings take root well in open ground. They overwinter without problems, and with the onset of spring they begin to develop.

It is optimal that the cutting length is 15-20 cm. Each cutting should have 5-6 buds. Unripe shoots are not suitable for cuttings.

The cuttings are planted in pre-dug soil. The distance between cuttings is maintained at 70 cm. The cutting angle is 45 degrees. The soil next to the cuttings should be compacted, watered and mulched with peat. Cuttings do not require special care after planting. Especially during the first four weeks, they need to be regularly watered, weeded, and loosened.

To prepare green cuttings, gardeners use the upper part of the branches. From such cuttings, all foliage must be removed, except for a couple of upper leaves; they must be shortened by a third. Planting takes place from June to September. The landing site should be prepared in advance.

An incision should be made above each kidney, and several cuts should be made in the lower part. To speed up the appearance of roots, the lower cut of the cutting must be soaked in a special solution for 12 hours. Next, wash the solution off the cuttings with clean water. The cuttings are planted in a prepared greenhouse close to each other. The landing angle should be 45 degrees. It is recommended to water the planting with a sieve. The greenhouse is covered with a transparent canopy. The distance from the top of the cutting to the roof should be at least 15-20 centimeters. In the first days after planting, there is no need to lift the greenhouse lid so as not to disturb the level of air humidity. As soon as the temperature in the greenhouse rises above 25 degrees, it is necessary to ventilate the greenhouse every day.

If you follow all agricultural techniques, then in 20-30 days the cuttings will have a root system. Before transplanting, the cuttings must be hardened; to do this, open a greenhouse. You also need to gradually increase the ventilation time. As soon as the cuttings take root, you can completely remove the greenhouse lid. Statistics show that green cuttings have a high survival rate. As soon as the cuttings take root in open ground, they will need to be fertilized. It is recommended to use saltpeter, or rather its solution (at the rate of 30 grams per 10 liters of water).

Caring for green cuttings is easy. The main thing is that the soil is constantly moist and loose. In spring, cuttings can be planted in a permanent place.

Pests and diseases

Yoshta is affected by the same diseases and pests as. The fighting methods are also similar.

What can yoshta be affected by:

• Goblet and columnar rust;
• Anthracnose;
• Powdery mildew;
• Cercospora;
• Terry;
• Mosaic;
• Septoria.

It is important to know! Diseases such as mosaic and terry disease are incurable, so all affected parts of the plant should be removed and burned.

Fungal diseases are treated with fungicides:

• Topaz;
• Foundationazole;
• Maxim;
• Byleton;
• Or another drug with a similar effect.

In order for the plant to resistantly tolerate diseases, proper care will be required. All agricultural procedures must be followed. We must not forget about prevention.

Yoshta can be affected by the same pests that are dangerous for gooseberries and currants.

• Mite;
• Butterflies are moths;
• Glassworms, which often affect currants.

Pest control should be done with the following drugs:

• Akarin;
• Actellicom;
• Kleschevitom.

Important! The preparations must be used following the instructions to prevent damage to the plant.

Conclusion

Planting and caring for yoshta requires compliance with agricultural technology. Beginners should familiarize themselves with reviews experienced gardeners to eliminate all mistakes in growing crops.

Watch the video! Yoshta. Planting and caring for yoshta

Yoshta is a hybrid of gooseberries and black currants, bred by a German amateur breeder in the 80s of the last century. If yoshta grows in the garden, planting and care, propagation and cultivation are not difficult for the owner of this amazing plant.

This is a perennial graceful shrub up to one and a half meters high and a crown diameter of up to two meters. It got its name from two German words: Johannisbeere and Stachelbeere, which translated means currant and gooseberry.

Description

From currants, yoshta received dark green lacy leaves that stay on the bushes until frost. From gooseberries it inherited the shape and size of the berries, which grow in the form of small clusters. Each cluster contains from 3 to 5 berries.

The berries are large, dark purple, almost black in color, sour in taste, and have the aroma of both currants and. From one bush you can get up to 5 kg of berries. The berries ripen unevenly, so the harvest can be harvested from July until frost.

At the beginning of ripening, the berries are hard and crunchy; when fully ripe, they become juicy with a sweet and sour taste and aroma of nutmeg. Covered with very thick skin. The berries do not fall off and are firmly attached to the stalks.

The bush consists of 15-20 large strong shoots of different ages. The depth of the roots is up to 40 cm. In spring, the plant is covered with beautiful bright flowers. It blooms in May, sometimes again in September.

Unlike gooseberries, they do not have thorns and lack the strong aroma characteristic of currants. Growing and caring for yoshta is not difficult due to the unpretentiousness of the plant. Resistant to cold temperatures and pests. Fruiting begins in the second year after planting. Maximum yield is achieved in 3-4 years.

The most popular varieties of yoshta: Triton, Odzhebin, Rudkis, Titania, Black Silvergitersa, from Russian varieties - the Zvyagintseva hybrid.

Has healing properties. They are used for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, to improve blood circulation, remove radioactive substances and heavy metals. The berries are rich in vitamins C, P, and anthocyanins. Vitamin C is slightly lower than in currants.

Resistant to diseases and pests, tolerates lack of sunlight well, although it grows and bears fruit better in well-lit sunny areas.

Yoshta Reproduction

After planting, propagation and care of yoshta require regularity and care, although it does not require much effort. Yoshta can be propagated using all the methods known in gardening:

1. Autumn cuttings. The most popular way. Young bark-covered shoots of this year should be pruned in the fall. Cut these shoots into smaller cuttings 15-20 cm long. Leave 4-5 buds on each shoot. Plant in the ground, leaving 2 buds on the surface.
2. Summer cuttings. Cut the green branches into cuttings up to 15 cm long. Remove all leaves except the top two. On the shoots, make a longitudinal cut above each bud. Plant under the film at a slight angle, periodically loosen and water.
   Caring for yoshta and planting when propagated by cuttings do not require much effort; this method is common even among inexperienced gardeners. Therefore, cuttings can be considered the most preferable method of propagating this plant.
3. Dividing bushes. Produced in spring or autumn. It is necessary to cut off the overgrown roots, divide the bush into several parts, treat the cut areas with garden varnish and plant each part of the bush in a new place.
4. Seeds. This method is rarely used, usually when it is necessary to obtain a new variety of yoshta. The seeds are mixed with damp, pre-steamed sand, then placed in a cool place. It is necessary to periodically moisten the sand.
5. By layering. Dig up the soil around the bush, water it generously, make grooves in the ground from the center of the bush in different directions, then bend the outer young shoots to the ground, secure with brackets and sprinkle with earth. Replant independent rooted bushes after a year.

If the seeds germinate before spring, they should be planted in pots on a windowsill or in a snow bank until spring. In spring, seedlings are hardened off and planted in the ground.

Yoshta: planting and care

Yoshta is grown in individual bushes or in trunks. There is an opinion among gardeners that yoshta develops well and bears fruit only in the vicinity of gooseberries and, therefore, it is often grafted onto gooseberries or used as a standard rootstock for currants and gooseberries.

It is best to replant yoshta in the fall: at the end of September or beginning of October. The bush must take root before the onset of autumn frosts, accumulate nutrients and grow the root system.

Planting yoshta in spring is less preferable for gardeners. In spring, air temperatures rise quickly, which leads to drying out of the soil. And yoshta loves moisture. When planted in spring, the cuttings take root well by autumn and produce the first harvest next year.

In one place the plant bears fruit for up to 18 years. Then you will need to transplant it to another place.

How to plant

To grow yoshta, a sunny, spacious place is required: over time, the bush grows greatly. You need to plant in a row at a distance of 1.5 meters, it is recommended to leave 2 meters between the rows.

Often used for hedges. To do this, young shoots need to be planted at a close distance from each other. It is not recommended to place the plant in the center of the site so as not to shade other plantings.

Yoshta is not afraid of winds and drafts. Does not grow well on sandy soils and peat bogs. Prefers loamy places.

You need to know how to plant yoshta in the spring, because this will require special attention to the selection of seedlings. Planting material must be of good quality, with a strong root system.

All dry or rotten areas should be removed. Before planting, place in water or a weak solution of potassium permanganate. The seedlings should be young, with smooth elastic bark and a powerful root system.

Soil preparation

You should dig a hole 50-60 cm in size so that you can place the roots in a straightened state. To fill the hole, prepare the following mixture: for 2-3 buckets of rotted compost, take 350 g of lime, 80 g and a half-liter jar of ash.

Planting of yoshta is carried out in the following order:

1. Pour a third of the prepared mixture of compost and fertilizer into the hole.
2. Pour out a bucket of water.
3. Place a seedling with straightened roots into the hole.
4. Fill with the remaining mixture.
5. Lightly compact the soil and water.
6. Cover with a thick layer of mulch.

Immediately before planting, each bush should be dipped in a mixture of water and soil; before burying, the roots should be firmly planted.

After planting, be sure to cut off the stems and leave 2-3 buds on each.

When purchasing seedlings, you should pay attention not to the strength and height of the shoots, but to the quality of the root system. It should be fresh and moist. A plant with dry and weathered roots takes root less well.

The bark should be smooth and fresh. You can pinch off a small piece of bark. If the green tissue of the plant is exposed, then the seedling is fresh and alive. This plant takes root quickly and bears fruit well.

If it is impossible to immediately plant a seedling, then it can be buried in the shade. Place the plant in an inclined position in the dug hole, cover the roots and half of the shoots with soil. You can store it this way for up to a month.

Yoshta: care and cultivation

Yoshta is a moisture-loving shrub, so to preserve moisture and nutrients, it is recommended to mulch the soil near the bush with compost. The norm is 2 buckets of rotted compost per bush.

The next important step is pruning. Yoshta does not require special pruning to form a bush: only dried or frozen shoots should be cut off. In the spring, sanitary pruning is carried out.

Yoshta requires constant feeding: in the summer, 5 kg of organic fertilizer is applied with the addition of 30 g of superphosphate per 1 m2. In the fall, add 20 g of calcium sulfide to this mixture.

At the beginning of summer, you should water it with a solution of mullein 1:5, bird droppings 2:20, or apply any mineral fertilizer, for example, Agrolife. From the 4th year, the dose of fertilizer must be doubled. In the fall, pour a half-liter jar of wood ash solution under each bush.

Resistant to pests and diseases that affect currants and gooseberries: anthracnose, powdery mildew.

Despite its relative youth, yoshta has managed to fall in love with many Russian gardeners. An unusually beautiful appearance, tasty and healing berries, unpretentiousness and endurance make this berry bush attractive to many people.

Yoshta at his summer cottage - video

In many summer cottages you can easily find currants and gooseberries, but not all summer residents are engaged in growing yoshta. This hybrid has not yet received universal recognition, although those who have encountered it have already managed to appreciate all the benefits of such berries. Yoshta not only helps restore hemoglobin in the complex treatment of anemia, but also normalizes the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, and also promotes a speedy recovery from colds, hypertension and problems with blood vessels (strengthens their walls). That is why it is so important to know how to properly plant, care for (in particular, prune) yoshta from spring until frost.

Yoshta description

Hybrid yoshta is a perennial, powerful, spreading shrub that forms shoots about 1.5 meters high or more. Its root system is located at a depth of 30-40 cm. Despite the fact that the yoshta bush is a direct descendant of such a thorny crop as gooseberry, it does not have thorns. The diameter of the crown of the yoshta is 1.5-2 m. The leaves of the yoshta, large, shiny, dark green, inheriting the shape of currant leaves, but not possessing its aroma, remain on the bush until winter. Yoshta blooms with large, bright flowers.

The fruits of yoshta are sweet and sour, black with a purple tint, more like cherries, collected in a cluster of 3-5 berries. Usually yoshta bears fruit from the age of two. Yoshta berry is resistant to frost, diseases and pests, its life expectancy is from 20 to 30 years. Considering the origin of yoshta, we can safely say that its relatives are not only gooseberries and black currants, but also red currants and white currants. From this article you will learn how to plant, propagate and care for yoshta, what varieties of yoshta can be grown in the middle zone, why yoshta does not bear fruit if its bush becomes too dense, what diseases and pests of gooseberries and currants can harm yoshta, and much more. Yoshta can hardly surprise you with its variety of varieties, since it itself is a hybrid.

Useful properties of yoshta

Large black walrus berries have a number of undeniable health benefits:

• The fruits contain a high amount of vitamin C, so yoshta can help with weakened immune defenses, colds and other ailments;
• Thanks to its rutin content, the berry strengthens vascular walls and normalizes blood circulation;
• It is useful for patients with anemia, since it restores hemoglobin levels (however, it cannot be considered a complete replacement for medications);
• In combination with honey it helps with high blood pressure;
• Treats various intestinal ailments, including diarrhea;
• Accelerates metabolism, which is why it is indicated for people on a diet;
• Approved for use by diabetics as it contains a minimum of sugar;
• Helps the body get rid of harmful and toxic substances.

The negative properties of yoshta partially follow from its beneficial properties:

• These fruits should not be eaten by those who suffer from vitamin C intolerance;
• Not allowed to eat if you have gastritis or ulcers;
• Strictly prohibited in case of thrombosis;
• If consumed in large quantities, an allergy may develop.

The result of the painstaking work of German breeders is this plant; today it is especially popular in Western Europe. We are talking about the yoshta berry. What it is? This is a mixture of black currants and gooseberries, a real decoration for any garden.

Yoshta Reproduction

Yoshta propagates using cuttings, as well as arcuate, vertical or horizontal layering. Shrub division is also used, but only if an adult bush requires replanting.

• Cuttings. For breeding a hybrid of black currant and gooseberry - yoshta - even annual cuttings with a small number of branches are suitable. A mandatory criterion for assessing their quality is the presence of kidneys. It is best to do this in the fall. This will allow the cuttings to quickly take root before winter and survive it calmly. The upper cut should be above the bud (oblique), and the lower cut should be even, under the lower bud of the shoot. Cuttings must be planted on the same day, and then pruning was carried out. The cutting is placed in the soil at an angle of 450 and the soil is trampled down. If the earth is very compacted, you should add it, forming a small mound. It is recommended to mulch the soil on top with sawdust, compost or humus.
• Dividing bushes. Reproduction of yoshta by dividing the bush is used when a sufficiently mature bush requires replanting. When dividing a bush, you must ensure that each new part of the plant has a well-developed root system and a healthy above-ground part (1-2 shoots). Parts of the bush with old rhizomes should not be taken; they are destroyed.
• Seeds. This method is rarely used, usually when it is necessary to obtain a new variety of yoshta. The seeds are mixed with damp, pre-steamed sand, then placed in a cool place. It is necessary to periodically moisten the sand.
• By layering. Dig up the soil around the bush, water it generously, make grooves in the ground from the center of the bush in different directions, then bend the outer young shoots to the ground, secure with brackets and sprinkle with earth. Replant independent rooted bushes after a year. If the seeds germinate before spring, they should be planted in pots on a windowsill or in a snow bank until spring. In spring, seedlings are hardened off and planted in the ground.

How to water and feed yoshta

Yoshta should be watered regularly, but excessive waterlogging of the soil should be avoided. Watering is required during the setting and ripening of fruits, as well as in mid-August, when the buds of next year are laid. It is advisable to mulch the soil around the bush. This way the moisture will remain longer and there will be fewer weeds.

In the fall, organic and complex mineral fertilizers are applied, for example, wood ash.

Pruning yoshta

Pruning of yoshta is done according to the same principle as currants, but due to the fact that yoshta produces few root branches, pruning is rarely done. More attention should be paid to trimming overgrown branches. If you do not prune the bush, the branches will eventually bend to the ground under the load of berries and lie down. This is how most of the harvest is lost.

Yoshta diseases and pests

The main feature of yoshta is its resistance to various diseases and pests. Since the hybrid is not at risk of anthracnose, and is also not affected by powdery mildew and bud mites, there is no need to spray with chemicals or other drugs.

What could be more pleasant for a gardener than a rich harvest of juicy berries that begin to ripen in mid-summer. Connoisseurs distinguish tart nutmeg notes in the taste of the fruit. Gardeners collect up to 10 kg of ripe berries from each bush. Once picked, they are stored for several days in a dry and shallow container. Jams and jams are prepared from the fruits of yoshta, and they are used as a filling for pies and sweet rolls. But the plant is valued not only for its vitamin-rich berries. Ease of reproduction and undemanding care allow you to decorate and improve the area around your home. This shrub successfully combines high decorativeness with abundant fruiting. Yoshta is widely used in landscape design. With its help, you can create a hedge by planting young bushes at a distance of at least forty centimeters from each other. This shrub looks great when planted alone, as well as in company with other shrubs.