Menu for stomach ulcers in the acute stage. Diet and diet rules for gastric ulcers. What about drinks?

Exacerbations of peptic ulcer disease in most cases are associated with poor diet. Therefore, special attention must be paid to diet.

For stomach and duodenal ulcers, the diet should contain the maximum amount of vitamins and mineral salts, especially calcium, magnesium and potassium.

In addition, the diet must be followed for a long time so that the ulcer does not recur.

The main principles of diet selection:

1. A complete set of nutrients, despite a limited list of products.
2. Special preparation of food with a gentle effect on the mucous membrane.
3. Compliance with a regimen of fractional meals with frequent meals.

During an exacerbation of a peptic ulcer, it is necessary to follow a strict diet with the preparation of dishes that themselves allow the ulcer to heal. Sometimes ulcers go away even without drug treatment - only thanks to physical rest, exclusion of nervous irritants and a special diet, including pureed soups and cereals.

After the exacerbation of the ulcer passes, you can expand the list of dishes, moving on to therapeutic nutrition, which is recommended for gastritis with high acidity.

So, in the first 4-7 days of exacerbation of a peptic ulcer, you need to observe complete rest and special nutrition. Firstly, cooked food should be warm, not hot. Food shouldn't just be gentle, but also quite high in calories so that the body quickly restores its functions. And you need to eat at least 6-7 times a day.

Prohibited foods for ulcers:

• fried and stewed foods;
• spicy dishes, spices, herbs;
• bread and bakery products;
• raw fruits and vegetables;
• confectionery;
• cheese;
• sour cream;
• dairy products.

Allowed dishes and products:

• pureed milk porridges with the addition of a small amount of butter or cream (semolina, oatmeal, buckwheat, rice);
• steam cutlets from rabbit, veal, white chicken;
• boiled meat;
• baby food from cans, diluted with water;
• milk, low-fat cream, steam soufflé made from pureed fresh non-acidic cottage cheese with added sugar;
• soft-boiled eggs or steamed omelet;
• boiled vegetables (zucchini, carrots, beets, potatoes);
• jelly and jelly from sweet varieties of berries and fruits (especially raspberries, strawberries, red currants) - the starch they contain coats the walls of the stomach and protects them from irritation;
• sugar and honey in limited quantities;
• milk jelly;
• weak tea with milk;
• juices from non-acidic varieties of fruits and vegetables (half diluted with water and slightly sweetened);
• rosehip decoction (it not only quenches thirst and does not irritate the stomach, but is also a source of vitamins).

Menu for exacerbation of peptic ulcer

The first one or two days you must follow a strict diet.

• Breakfast: steam omelette of 2 eggs, a glass of milk.
• Second breakfast: a glass of strawberry jelly.
• Lunch: pureed milk rice soup with butter, steamed meat soufflé with vegetable oil, fruit jelly.
• Afternoon snack: a glass of rose hip decoction.
• Dinner: steamed fish soufflé, pureed oatmeal, raspberry jelly.
• At night: a glass of milk.

Steamed meat and fish soufflés
The meat is cleaned of tendons, fat and skin. Then it is boiled and passed through a meat grinder 2-3 times. Low-fat fish is also prepared.

On the second or third day of illness Introduce into your diet white dried bread without crust, as well as non-acidic vegetables and fruits without rough skin, grated. Meat and fish are still available in the form of steam soufflé, quenelles, cutlets and purees. Sour cream sauces are allowed.

A week later you can diversify your diet. Here is a sample menu for this period of treatment of the disease.

Menu a week after an exacerbation

• Breakfast: steamed curd soufflé, mashed rice and milk porridge with butter, a glass of milk.
• Second breakfast: a glass of milk jelly.
• Lunch: pureed milk buckwheat soup with butter, steamed chicken cutlets with vegetable oil, strawberry jelly.
• Afternoon snack: rosehip decoction, white bread croutons.
• Dinner: steam omelette of 2 eggs, fruit jelly.
• At night: a glass of milk.

2-3 weeks after an exacerbation of the disease the diet can be expanded. By this time the ulcer had already begun to heal.

So, start eating vegetables and fruits that contain fiber to avoid constipation. However, it is better to use them as before in pureed form, as well as in the form of mousses, jellies, compotes and jelly.

Apples can be baked with the addition of sugar and sour cream.

Meat and fish can already be eaten boiled in whole pieces. But they shouldn't be greasy.

During this period, a diet that is used for gastritis with high acidity is suitable.

With gentle nutrition and appropriate treatment, the ulcer goes away quite quickly, but the inflammation lasts much longer. In addition, conditions for exacerbation of peptic ulcer disease persist for a long time. That's why the diet must be followed for several months. Of course, it is no longer so strict, but the basic principles of nutrition cannot be violated.

Gerson's diet
In the first 3-7 days, drink mainly vegetable and partially fruit juices, slightly diluted with warm water, and in fairly large quantities.

Then move on to pureed or well-chopped vegetable and fruit purees, baked potatoes, and baked apples.

Consume these foods for another week.

After this, include grated raw apples in your diet. Continue eating this way for another 5¬7 days. And go to your normal diet.

Diet M Goren
According to this diet, the most effective treatment for stomach and duodenal ulcers are herbal decoctions, which are prescribed in accordance with the nature of the ulcer and the acidity of gastric juice.

Along with herbs, it is necessary to consume flaxseed, prepared in a special way:
Fry the flax seed a little in a frying pan (without overcooking) and grind in a coffee grinder. Soak 2 teaspoons of flaxseed in a glass of water overnight. In the morning before breakfast, heat the infusion in a water bath, but do not bring it to a boil. After cooling slightly, drink slowly.

An hour after this, make Goren's dish for breakfast:
Soak 2 teaspoons of flaxseed in a glass of cold water. Add grated apple or finely grated carrots, grind almonds or nuts with honey. Depending on the taste, you can add lemon juice or yogurt.

Eat your second breakfast after 2 hours: carrot juice or fresh cabbage juice.

An hour later - a large glass of herbal tea.
Take equal parts of nettle, horsetail and fragrant violet (another option is nettle, mallow, marshmallow, plantain). Add a pinch of licorice to them. Mix well, then pour 3 teaspoons of the mixture with boiling water (300 ml). Boil over low heat for 25 minutes. If desired, you can add honey. Drink slowly, in small sips.

Treatment of ulcers by fasting
Already after a 3-day fast, the stomach stops producing hydrochloric acid, which in most cases provokes the development of ulcers. In the absence of acid, the ulcer quickly heals. Along with its healing, pain, heartburn and other unpleasant symptoms disappear.

When fasting, you can only drink water and try to stay in bed. Physical and emotional stress is contraindicated. Fasting with high acidity is carried out for a week and only under the supervision of a doctor.

If there are ulcerated defects in the digestive organs of a sick person, he is prescribed to follow a strict diet. Without this condition, no therapeutic measures aimed at relieving him of his torment will bring the desired result.

A diet for stomach and duodenal ulcers involves excluding from the diet a large number of foods that have irritating properties or contribute to the aggravation of the digestive process.

Features of gentle nutrition

The consistency of food plays a huge role in ulcers in the stomach or duodenum. All foods that can mechanically or thermally irritate the damaged mucous surface should be excluded from the diet of a person with this disease.

These include foods containing coarse connective tissue (stringy meat with cartilage, fish and poultry skin), fruits with rough skin, vegetables rich in insoluble fiber and bread baked from wholemeal flour.

The principles on which nutritional correction is based for peptic ulcer and duodenal ulcer are as follows:

• Fractionality. You need to eat very often, no less than 6-7 times a day, but in very minimal portions. Only in this case will the main digestive organ not be overfilled and will be able to digest the food that has entered it in a timely manner.
• In order to avoid mechanical damage to the ulcerated mucosa, coarse pieces should be prevented from entering the digestive tract. To do this, the prepared food should be thoroughly boiled and then chopped. It is also recommended to remove rough skins from vegetables and fruits before eating them.
• Refined sugar must be replaced with honey, which promotes the speedy healing of ulcers, and all juices should be consumed only freshly squeezed, diluted with water 1/1 beforehand.
• It is recommended to add oils (vegetable or butter) to prepared dishes, as they promote faster healing of ulcerated defects.
• To avoid thermal damage, you should carefully monitor the temperature of your food. It should be room temperature, slightly warm. Eating very hot or cold foods is unacceptable.
• The diet of a patient with peptic ulcer and duodenal ulcer should contain the maximum amount of microelements and vitamins necessary for the normal functioning of the body.

Special mention should be made about salt. Although it poses a certain danger to people with this pathology, it should not be completely excluded from the diet. It is enough to reduce your salt intake to 10 g per day.

Principles of preparing a patient’s diet

Although today there is an opinion that you can get rid of peptic ulcers quite easily and quickly without a diet, only by destroying Helicobacter pylori infection with medication, it is fundamentally wrong.

In the absence of nutritional correction, it is impossible to restore the functional activity of the gastrointestinal tract organs damaged by pathology. That is why all people suffering from negative manifestations of an ulcer, especially if it lasts for a long time, are recommended to follow the diet prescribed by a specialist.

When prescribing an anti-ulcer diet to a patient, doctors are based on the fact that it must be completely balanced in the content of microelements and vitamins. To achieve this, a variety of foods of plant and animal origin are introduced into the diet. If you have ulcerations of the digestive organs, you can safely eat:

• chicken or quail eggs;
• lean meat (chicken, rabbit, veal and beef);
• lean fish (cod, pollock, pike perch, pike);
• any dairy products (cheeses, except hard ones, cottage cheese, yoghurts, sour cream);
• pasta and cereal products;
• sweet berries or fruits;
• day-old white bread, wheat biscuits, savory cookies, crackers.

From this list of products allowed for peptic ulcers, you can easily prepare a large number of dishes, which will completely diversify your diet.

We should not just forget that all products for ulcers must undergo such culinary processing that eliminates any risk of mechanical damage to the stomach.

That is, they should be steamed, boiled or baked without a crust. Fried or deep-fried versions of dishes are completely excluded.

What is prohibited for consumption

Your doctor will also tell you about foods that are not recommended for ulcers when prescribing a diet. You should not listen to the assertion of some people that spicy food helped them cope with peptic ulcers, since it helped destroy pathogenic microorganisms in the stomach.

This opinion is not only fundamentally wrong, but also poses a direct threat to those who use it. Any specialist will confirm that spicy and irritating foods cause new ulcerations on the mucous membrane of the digestive organs. Among the products prohibited for consumption during this illness are the following:

• fatty varieties of fish and meat, which complicate the digestion process;
• refined flour products (buns, cakes, rich pastries), as well as black bread;
• sausages;
• any canned food;
• raw vegetables and fruits;
• coarse cereals;
• hot seasonings and spices.

Drinks that enhance the secretion of digestive enzymes and gastric juice (soda, coffee, strong tea) are strictly prohibited. Under no circumstances should you drink alcohol.

Even a small bottle of beer, which many consider a practically non-alcoholic drink, can cause irreparable harm to damaged digestive organs.

Basic list of dishes for the daily diet

Patients who hear this diagnosis for the first time usually panic. They are afraid of the upcoming change in diet. But there is no need to worry about this topic. Although the complex treatment of an acute form of duodenal ulcer and gastric ulcer and the diet that accompanies it presupposes the most gentle one, experts note that the menu for an ulcer, despite its scarcity, can contain a large number of tasty dishes, which even a completely healthy person would not refuse to eat daily .

With this disease, you can diversify your diet with the following, safe for the stomach and duodenum, as well as tasty and nutritious dishes:

• It is recommended to prepare lazy dumplings, casseroles, soufflés and puddings from cottage cheese, to which you can add vanillin or pureed fruit if desired;
• meat (necessarily lean varieties) is used for steamed cutlets, meatballs and meatballs in milk sauce. Minced meat can also be used in vegetable or cereal casseroles;
• The cereals necessary for this disease (oatmeal, buckwheat, semolina, rice) are eaten not only in porridges, but also added to soups or served as a side dish;
• During therapeutic measures to eliminate peptic ulcers, vegetables are eaten baked until soft (without a golden brown crust), boiled in water or steamed, and also in the form of puree;
• eggs are eaten soft-boiled or steamed omelet, to which you can also add boiled and ground vegetables or meat to the taste and discretion of the patient;
• bread in the presence of destructive ulcerations in the digestive organs is allowed only yesterday's baked goods from premium white flour. You can also eat dried biscuit or crackers;
• pasta, like cereals, is used to season soups or side dishes;
• Sweet lovers shouldn't be upset either. They may have a small portion of jelly or mousse for dessert.

Based on the list of the above dishes, we can conclude that food for stomach and duodenal ulcers can be not only varied, but also very tasty.

If a person with an ulcer strictly adheres to the principles of therapeutic nutrition both during a relapse of the disease and when it goes into remission, a complete recovery will occur very quickly. The main recommendation of doctors in this case is to avoid even minimal errors in the recommended diet.

It should also be remembered that the selection of an appropriate diet is the prerogative of a specialist. It is strictly forbidden to independently make any prescriptions or prohibitions in this area of ​​accompanying therapy.

You may also be interested

Food can be a cure for many diseases. And you can't argue with that. It is not for nothing that in Soviet times, health care gave priority to diet for stomach ulcers. Compliance with the principles of therapeutic nutrition was strictly mandatory.

The secret is that peptic ulcers of the digestive tract often heal even without treatment, but with proper nutrition.

Briefly about the ulcer

An ulcer is a single or multiple defect in the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum, which leaves a scar after healing. When performing FGDS, it can be barely noticeable (1-2 mm) or huge (more than 1 centimeter).

Even today it is a pathology from which people die. An invisible enemy, bleeding claims thousands of lives every year. Gastric ulcers love large cities and go off scale where there is a high level of economic development. Among the population, he prefers carriers of the first blood group.

There are so many causes of ulcers that almost every person is at risk. You can start the list of factors for its appearance with the stomach - this is a disruption of the secretory, motor and protective functions. Add the state of neuropsychic activity, hormonal levels and end with heredity with the presence of pathogenic bacteria. But this is also an incomplete list.

One of the important points in the appearance of ulcers is poor nutrition, when a person prefers spicy, rough foods, eats hastily, often drinks alcohol and smokes a lot.

Features of nutrition for stomach ulcers, general principles

How should you eat to live without stomach pain?

The first thing to do is evaluate your diet. Gastritis and peptic ulcers in themselves signal the need to change habits and eating habits. Food should become medicine, water that wears away the stone.

Diet therapy will help with this. It solves a number of problems: normalizes gastric motility, increases the protective properties of mucus, neutralizes acid, and stimulates the healing process. In fact, therapeutic nutrition should be based on products that weakly stimulate secretion, quickly leave the stomach and have little irritation to its mucous membrane.

Principle one - reduce the aggressive effect of hydrochloric acid.

It is the leading damaging factor. It is necessary to remove foods that stimulate the secretion of gastric juice. This includes everything that makes food spicier, piquant, and stimulates the appetite: spices, herbs.

All drinks containing alcohol, strong tea, coffee, Coca-Cola, soda. Rich meat broths. Food prepared by frying: meat, fish, potatoes and other vegetables.

Principle two - do not injure the mucous membrane. Eliminate rough foods: raw vegetables with solid fiber (radish, turnip), coarsely chopped cucumbers. Dried, dried fish, tough meat, sour berries with small seeds (gooseberries, currants). Extremely cold or hot food.

Ideal food is cooked in a slow cooker or steamer.

Principle three - don't overeat. Small meals (5-6 times a day) should become habitual. The daily calorie intake should be 2800-3000 kcal

How to control the secretion of gastric juice? By consuming certain foods you can increase or decrease the secretion of hydrochloric acid. Following simple recommendations will allow you to forget about the disease.

Prohibited foods for ulcers:

• Flour products: brown bread, especially fresh, fried pies, pastries with cream.
• From the meat set: fatty fried meat, meat broths, cabbage soup, rich borscht, canned food.
• Fruits and vegetables: sour with coarse fiber when chopped raw. It is better to bake or boil.
• Drinks: carbonated, coffee, soda, Coca-Cola.
• Spices: red and black pepper, hot sauces, mustard, horseradish.

You also need to pay attention to individual intolerance to foods that cause heartburn and indigestion. Avoid food processing such as frying.

Allowed dishes and products:

• From flour products: white stale bread, crackers, dry cookies.
• Meat dishes: boiled and lean meat, fish, white poultry. Boiled lamb, beef, pork, poultry. Steamed cutlets, meatballs, and zrazy are also allowed.
• Dairy products: cream, milk, low-fat sour cream. Everything is not sour and low-fat.
• First courses: various slimy soups with the addition of milk and cereals.
• Vegetables and fruits: not sour without rough skin and fiber when boiled.
• Drinks: still water, jelly, compotes, weak black tea, herbal tea. Juices from vegetables (potatoes, cabbage), decoctions of flax seed, rose hips, oats.

From the list of these products you can create an approximate diet.

Diet for stomach ulcers - weekly menu

• Monday

Prepare any slimy porridge with milk and tea with butter. Some kind of baked fruit with rosehip infusion. You can have chicken noodle soup and mashed potatoes. Dry cookies, jelly. Pumpkin casserole for dinner and an hour before bed a glass of flax seeds.

• Tuesday

Milk with black tea, dry biscuits and an omelette. Any vegetable puree soup with boiled meat, compote, curd mass with pumpkin and fruit jelly. Semolina porridge with jam and still mineral water an hour before bedtime.

• Wednesday

Herbal tea (linden), raw egg, white bread with butter, low-fat cottage cheese, baked fruits and pureed vegetables. Steamed fish and slimy porridge. Boiled beets with the addition of prunes. A glass of milk before bed.

• Thursday

Lazy dumplings, milk and tea. Baked vegetables and porridge in the form of a “spread” with meat pate. Vegetable puree soup and beef with pumpkin, oatmeal jelly. Semolina porridge with tea and butter. At night, a rosehip drink.

• Friday

Omelet with steamed vegetables, jelly. Boiled white poultry and pureed porridge, bananas, baked apples and curd with vermicelli. Yogurt.

• Saturday

Burak with vermicelli baked in the oven, milk, peach, cereal soup with carrots and steamed cutlets with porridge (buckwheat, rice).

• Sunday

Meat pate, jelly and puree. Vegetable stew baked in the oven or slow cooker. Barley soup with poultry, semolina porridge with jam and tea with milk. Before bed: chamomile tea.

What diet is prescribed for stomach ulcers?

Depending on the stage of peptic ulcer disease (open ulcer, scarring stage or remission period), different types of diets are provided. Some types of tables are also divided into “a” and “b”, intended for a more strict diet.

For diseases of the stomach and duodenum, diets No. 1, No. 1 “a” and No. 1 “b” are indicated. As a person recovers, he moves from one diet to another, thus expanding his diet. This is reasonable; compliance with the rehabilitation period will help avoid relapse.

Diet No. 1 for stomach ulcers

This diet takes place during the formation of a fresh scar, when the exacerbation of peptic ulcer disease and the phenomenon of acute gastritis subsides.

Moderately mechanically and chemically gentle food is provided, with a decrease in irritants. In fact, it is a physiologically complete diet, but in pureed form, cooked in steam or water. Baking without crust is acceptable.

Table salt is moderately limited. Very cold and hot dishes are excluded. The frequency of meals is at least 6 times a day. Milk before bed is good.

For gastritis with high acidity. To table 1 “a” you are allowed to add stale white bread, low-fat cottage cheese, dry cookies, non-sour dairy products, porridge with added butter, steamed cutlets, white poultry, boiled meat, fish (pike perch). Finely chopped greens and vegetables or chopped in a blender are allowed, berries are allowed, but sweet ones.

Diet 1 "a" for stomach ulcers

It is also called pureed food. The most strict diet. This is a diet for exacerbation of stomach ulcers, gastritis, and burns of the esophagus.

Prescribed for 8-10 days. Its goal is maximum sparing and peace of the inflamed gastric mucosa. Basic principle: eat frequently (at least 6 times a day), in small portions in liquid form. The emphasis is on milk, slimy soups (barley, oatmeal, rice), eggs, both raw and soft-boiled, various types of jellies, and jelly from sweet fruits. “Muddy” porridge with milk and rice is allowed. Semolina porridge is good for the gastric mucosa.

Boiled meat in the form of a soufflé. Bread and crackers are prohibited. Vegetable side dishes are not recommended. When cooking, limit salt (it increases secretion). During an exacerbation, it is good to include drinks made from rose hips, raw potatoes, cabbage, and wheat bran into the diet for stomach ulcers on an “empty” stomach.

Diet No. 1 “b” for stomach ulcers

This table is less strict, shown after table No. 1 “a”.

Such a diet for stomach and duodenal ulcers can be considered a stress diet. Here you can add 50 grams of crackers, mashed porridge with butter, mashed potatoes, meat and fish dumplings, and meatballs. Cereal, milk, pureed soups. Pureed milk porridges are shown.

The frequency of meals is maintained up to 6 times.

For stomach ulcers during the period of exacerbation of peptic ulcer disease, it is not prescribed. It is indicated for hepatitis and cholecystitis in remission. Its goal is nutritious nutrition, which should be provided by a healthy stomach.

A suitable diet for stomach ulcers is table No. 5 “a” and No. 5 “p”. They recommend gentle food, which does not contradict stomach diseases.

Diet for stomach ulcers during exacerbation, menu

During this period, for 10-14 days, table No. 1 “a” is shown, then table No. 1 “b” and only then we move to table No. 1.

Sample menu

In the first days you need a strict diet.

• Cabbage juice (half a glass);
• Milk steam omelette, glass of milk;
• Then milk jelly (glass);
• Slimy rice soup, meat in the form of pate;
• Potato juice (half a glass);
• Pike perch pate, oatmeal, jelly;
• At night: milk (half a glass).

During this period, the meat is carefully processed, tendons and fat are removed. After boiling, it is passed through a meat grinder (several times). If fish, then boiled and low-fat varieties.

On the third day, you can add white bread croutons to the soups, which should be soaked. Vegetables and fruits only in pureed form.

After a week, we can introduce curd mass, slimy porridge with the addition of butter into the diet, and replace the meat soufflé with boiled finely chopped poultry.

After 3 weeks, the diet expands as much as possible. The ulcer is already in the stage of a fresh scar. Therefore, baked vegetables and fruits, in the form of jellies, compotes and jelly, are acceptable. Boiled meat and fish are served in whole pieces.

With appropriate treatment and gentle nutrition, the ulcer heals quite quickly, but inflammation persists for a long time. Therefore, the diet for ulcers and gastritis must be followed for another 2-3 months.

In addition, the threat of exacerbation of peptic ulcer disease remains in the future. Therefore, the principles of therapeutic nutrition must be adhered to throughout life.

Gastric and duodenal ulcers are a serious disease that requires a competent approach not only to treatment, but also to nutritional management. Persons suffering from peptic ulcer disease should adhere to a special gentle diet No. 1. The diet is especially important during the period of exacerbation, when the load on the digestive organs should be minimal.

General principles of dietary nutrition

When organizing therapeutic nutrition, it is important to follow the principles of diet. Thanks to a balanced diet, you can significantly alleviate the course of the disease and speed up the process of entering stable remission.

The diet for patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers No. 1 is divided into table No. 1A (with severe exacerbation) and table No. 1B (as the patient’s condition improves). Diet 1B is prescribed after completion of a course of treatment using diet 1A.

General principles of the diet:

• balance and adequate caloric content - patients with ulcers should not be fed low-calorie, monotonous food; food must be nutritious (at least 2500-3000 kcal per day), contain a sufficient amount of vitamins, protein, carbohydrates, fats;
• fractional nutrition means eating food in small portions, the interval between them is at least 3 hours;
• correct temperature regime - cold or hot food is strictly prohibited, especially during exacerbation of gastric ulcer, when the mucous membrane is inflamed;
• restriction in salt consumption, up to complete refusal;
• a complete ban on fried, fatty, smoked foods, alcohol and carbonated drinks;
• avoidance of foods that can cause fermentation and increased gas formation;
• compliance with the drinking regime - it is recommended to drink up to 2 liters of clean water per day (if there are no problems with the kidneys and thyroid gland);
• mechanical and chemical sparing - products must be selected carefully to avoid irritating effects on;
• zigzag nutrition involves training the gastrointestinal tract and is used during remission; the essence of the principle is the short-term introduction of forbidden food into the patient’s diet (in small volumes), followed by a return to dietary nutrition;
• taking into account the time required to digest food is extremely important - adherence to the principle will allow food to be better absorbed without undue stress on the stomach.

Nutrition for patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers should be selected individually, taking into account weight and age, general condition, and taste preferences. Classic cooking options - boiling, stewing, steaming (multi-cooker, double boiler). Dietary nutrition is important to follow not only during an exacerbation, but also during remission.

Features of the diet during exacerbation of the disease

Diet for exacerbation of gastric and duodenal ulcers is an integral part of complex therapy. The ulcer worsens for various reasons - dietary errors, bad habits, stress and nervous shock - as a result, inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa occurs, pain develops, and the general condition worsens.

Compliance with diet No. 1A is aimed at maximally sparing the stomach and duodenum in terms of thermal, chemical, and mechanical effects. The diet helps smooth out the reflex excitability of the stomach and accelerate the scarring of ulcerative defects.

Diet No. 1A during the period of exacerbation of the disease is based on compliance with the rules:

1. calorie restriction, but not less than 2200 kcal per day;
2. limiting salt intake to 6 g per day;
3. the consistency of the food is only liquid, puree, thoroughly pureed;
4. temperature regime for serving food - no more than 55°, no less than 15°.

The diet during an exacerbation of the disease is based on the consumption of mucous soups (ground), steam soufflés and omelettes, boiled eggs, jelly, steamed cottage cheese casseroles. Drinks allowed include sweet juices half diluted with water, weak tea, and infusion of rose hips.

Diet during remission

After achieving stable remission, the diet is significantly expanded. You can eat more high-calorie foods, including baked goods and sweets.

During the period of remission, which lasts more than a year, nutrition gradually approaches the standard diet of a healthy person.

But a number of restrictions must be observed:

• there should be at least 4 meals per day;
• overeating is unacceptable;
• limitation in the daily dose of salt to 10 g;
• alcohol, spicy and spicy food, coffee are prohibited.

In remission with a duodenal ulcer, you can eat ripe bananas, strawberries, sour apples, and cherries. Drinks allowed include a variety of fruit and vegetable juices (with the exception of citrus fruits), compotes, jelly, and tea. The total volume of liquid (not counting first courses) should be at least 1.5 liters.

Authorized Products

Many people are interested in the question: what is allowed to eat if you have duodenal and stomach ulcers? The list of products allowed for consumption for such an illness is extensive; the patient will not go hungry.

• Bread allowed, but only wheat and not freshly baked. In case of exacerbation, it is better to dry the bread in the oven and eat it in the form of crackers.
• Dairy dishes(porridge, soups) can be eaten during an exacerbation and in remission. Such food is nutritious, contains a lot of protein, envelops the stomach, reducing the secretion of gastric juice.
• Broths. Useful for exacerbations, the main thing is that the broth should be secondary, and it can be prepared from chicken, turkey, beef. It is allowed to cook soups (vegetable, cereal, with noodles) based on broths.
• Dairy and fermented milk products in the form of regular milk, fermented baked milk, low-fat sour cream and cream, cottage cheese and yoghurts (without dyes and E-additives), unleavened cheese (only during remission) are tasty, nutritious, and have a gentle effect on the gastrointestinal tract.
• Turkey, chicken, rabbit, beef- ideal for preparing second courses. There are many options - meatballs, cutlets, quenelles, zrazy, meatballs, souffles and casseroles. The main thing is to steam them only.
• Fish that is lean and without bones is suitable., for example pike perch. It is better to give preference to food made from minced fish, cooked in a double boiler or baked in foil.
• Eggs allowed at any stage of the disease. The ideal cooking option is soft-boiled or steamed omelet.
• Cereals in the form of rice, buckwheat, oatmeal, and semolina are used to prepare porridges, soups, and side dishes. The main thing is to boil or wipe them well.
• Sweet fruits- bananas, soft pears and non-acidic apples diversify the diet. In case of exacerbation, pears and apples should be peeled and baked.
• Sweets in the form of marshmallows, jam, marshmallows, fruit marmalade, jellies and mousses made from milk and fruits (berries) are allowed after the exacerbation has recovered (on 7-8 days).
• Oils necessary in nutrition. It is allowed to add olive, sunflower and butter to food.
• Drinks in the form of rosehip decoction or wheat bran, directly pressed juices (diluted with water by 50%), non-concentrated compotes, weak tea are tasty and healthy, quench thirst well without having a harsh effect on the stomach.

Feb-9-2017

What is a stomach and duodenal ulcer?

Peptic ulcer is a disease in which defects (ulcers) form in the human stomach and (or) duodenum.

The disease is characterized by a chronic course and cyclicality: the disease undermines the health of its owner for years, periods of exacerbation are replaced by deceptive calm. Most often, the ulcer makes itself felt in spring and autumn.

The leading role in the development of the disease is played by the spiral-shaped microbe Helicobacter pylori, which damages the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum.

The fact is, an ulcer does not develop without a number of additional factors:

• stress, anxiety, depression. bad heredity;
• unhealthy diet: eating rough and spicy foods.
• alcohol abuse.
• smoking.
• uncontrolled use of certain medications (reserpine, corticosteroid hormones, aspirin).

Once in the stomach, Helicobacter begins to actively multiply. It produces special enzymes (urease, proteases) that damage the protective layer of the mucous (inner) lining of the stomach and duodenum, disrupts cell function, mucus production and metabolic processes and causes the formation of ulcers.

Symptoms

• First of all, a person is signaled by pain in the upper half of the abdomen about the occurrence and development of a peptic ulcer. Night and “hunger” pains are disturbing, in which a person needs to eat something in order to “extinguish” the pain.
• Pain in peptic ulcer disease has a clear rhythm (time of occurrence and connection with food intake), periodicity (alternation of pain with periods of its absence) and seasonality of exacerbations (spring and autumn). It is typical that pain from a peptic ulcer decreases or disappears after eating and antacids.
• One of the common symptoms of peptic ulcers is heartburn, which usually occurs 2-3 hours after eating. Nausea, vomiting, “sour” belching, constipation - these nonspecific symptoms may also indicate an ulcer. Appetite in case of peptic ulcer is usually preserved or even increased, the so-called “painful feeling of hunger.”

In some cases, the ulcer may be asymptomatic.

If the disease is not treated, the ulcer spreads deep into the stomach wall. This process can result in life-threatening complications: perforation, in which a through hole is formed in the wall of the stomach or intestine, or bleeding.

It goes without saying that only a doctor can make a diagnosis of this disease, like any other, based on his own experience and the results of laboratory tests.

Nutrition for stomach and duodenal ulcers

Therapeutic nutrition for peptic ulcer disease is aimed, on the one hand, at fully meeting the physiological needs of the patient’s body for basic nutrients and energy, and on the other hand, at restoring impaired secretory and motor functions of the stomach, at activating reparative processes in its mucous membrane. At the same time, special attention is paid to achieving full satisfaction of the body’s needs for essential nutritional factors (essential amino acids, PUFAs, vitamins, microelements, etc.) - the most important regulators of metabolic processes, primarily in the gastric mucosa and duodenum.

Important conditions for achieving an optimal therapeutic effect are compliance with the technological requirements for preparing dishes and a regimen of frequent, split meals with the consistent use of the main version of the standard diet and the diet version with mechanical and chemical sparing during the period of exacerbation of the disease.

General characteristics of the diet

The diet in its chemical composition, set of products and dishes, cooking technology, nutritional, biological and energy value is physiologically complete, contains both basic nutrients (proteins, fats, carbohydrates) and essential nutritional factors (vitamins, microelements, essential amino acids, PUFAs, etc.), and therefore adaptation of the diet to the individual clinical and pathogenetic features of the course of the disease is easily carried out by equivalent replacement or additional inclusion of only 1-2 components for a targeted effect on a specific mechanism of homeostasis disturbance.

Features of cooking technology

The diet is used in two versions: pureed and non-mashed. They differ from each other only in the technology of cooking.

Hyposodium diet: foods and dishes that are strong secretion stimulants and chemically irritating to the gastric mucosa are excluded.

In the pureed version of the diet, food is given in a liquid, mushy form, and then boiled or steamed - in a denser form.

Below is an approximate seven-day menu for the pureed version of the diet.

• Bread and bakery products. Wheat bread made from premium flour, yesterday baked or dried. Rye bread, any fresh bread, as well as products made from butter and puff pastry are excluded.
• Soups. Using a vegetable decoction of mashed, well-cooked cereals, dairy, vegetable puree soups, slimy soups, seasoned with butter, egg-milk mixture, and sour cream. Meat, fish, chicken broths, strong mushroom and vegetable broths, cabbage soup, borscht, okroshka are excluded.
• Meat and poultry dishes. Steamed or boiled from beef, young lean lamb, trimmed pork, chicken, turkey. Fatty and stringy meats, goose, duck, offal, canned and smoked meat products are excluded.
• Fish dishes. From low-fat varieties of river and sea fish without skin, in pieces or in the form of cutlets, boiled or steamed.
• Cereal dishes Porridges made from semolina, buckwheat, oatmeal, boiled in water or milk, semi-viscous, mashed. Millet, pearl barley, barley, legumes.
• Vegetable dishes. Potatoes, carrots, beets, cauliflower, boiled in water or steamed in the form of souffles, purees, puddings. White cabbage, turnips, rutabaga, radishes, onions, salted, pickled and pickled vegetables are excluded.
• Dairy products. Milk, cream, non-acidic kefir, yogurt, cottage cheese in the form of soufflé, lazy dumplings, puddings. Fermented milk products with high acidity are excluded.
• Snacks. Salads from boiled vegetables, boiled tongue, doctor's sausage, dairy sausage, dietary sausage, jellied fish in vegetable broth.
• Egg dishes. Soft-boiled eggs (1-2 eggs per day), egg white omelettes, steam omelets if well tolerated.
• Sweet dishes, fruits. Fruit purees, baked apples, jelly, jelly, pureed compotes, sugar, honey.
• Juices. From fresh ripe sweet fruits and berries.
• Fats. Butter, refined sunflower, corn, olive oil for adding to dishes.

Diet for stomach and duodenal ulcers

Diet for gastrointestinal ulcers is an integral part of treatment and, in addition to the consumption of certain foods, implies a strict regime, special rules for cooking and nutrition. Nutritionists pursue a single goal, which is to balance nutrition for stomach ulcers, restore and stabilize all digestive processes occurring in the body.

Sample diet menu for gastric ulcers with mechanical and chemical sparing:

Content of vitamins and minerals in the daily diet:

In the acute phase of the disease, with severe dyspeptic disorders, persistent pain, and poor general condition, hypocaloric, hyposodium, and gentle diet options are prescribed during the first 4-5 days.

All dishes are prepared boiled or steamed, in liquid and semi-liquid form. Food is taken in small portions every 2-3 hours.

An approximate menu for a patient with gastric ulcer in the first week of exacerbation of the disease is given in the following table:

One day menu:

As the exacerbation of the disease subsides, the patient is prescribed a diet with mechanical and chemical sparing.

With a successful course of the disease, relief of acute symptoms, restoration of impaired secretory processes in the stomach and intestines, activation of reparative processes in the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum, achievement of synchronicity in the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, after two weeks of treatment the patient is gradually transferred to the main version of the standard diet, which is followed for 2-3 months, since restoration of morphofunctional disorders in the stomach and intestines occurs later than the clinical therapeutic effect is achieved.

In case of acute gastritis or severe exacerbation of chronic gastritis, the tactics of therapeutic nutrition are the same as for gastric ulcer in the acute period.

For chronic gastritis with secretory insufficiency, the main version of the standard diet is used without chemical sparing using food stimulants of secretory processes.

The purpose of the diet is to help restore the secretory and motor functions of the stomach and intestines, increase gastric secretion and reduce the processes of fermentation and putrefaction in the intestines.

An approximate menu for the main version of a standard diet is given in the following table:

Sample menu for the main version of a standard diet:

Based on the book “Therapeutic nutrition for chronic diseases.” The authors of the book are Boris Kaganov and Haider Sharafetdinov.