Orthoepic dictionary compiled by Fipi in the year. Orthoepic norms. Main stages of the exam

The orthoepic norm is the only possible or preferred option for the correct pronunciation of a word.

In order not to violate this norm, you should simply look into the spelling dictionary more often. But there are also several rules that you can use.

Nouns

• In the nominative plural forms, the stress falls on the ending - and the ending -ы is unstressed.
  

  For example: airports, cakes, elevators, bows, taps, lecturers, scarves.

• In plural genitive forms, the ending -ov is most often unstressed, and the ending -е is stressed.

  For example: accountants, cones, lecturers, cakes, positions, news
  BUT: localities, judges

• In nouns of foreign origin, the stress usually falls on the last syllable.

  For example: AGENT, alphabet, hyphen, dispensary, document, blinds, catalogue, obituary, quarter, parterre, apostrophe, percentage, cement, expert, fetish
  BUT: flyleaf, facsimile

• Often in derived words the stress of the producing words is retained.
  

  For example: religion - confess, agreement, agreement - agree intention - measure, provision - provide, aristocracy - aristocrat, sign - banner

Adjectives

• The emphasis in short forms of adjectives and passive participles always falls on the stem. But in the feminine singular form it is transferred to the ending.
  

  For example: created - created - created, taken - taken - taken, busy - busy - busy, started - started - started.

Participles

Verbs

• Many feminine past tense verbs have an accented ending:
  

  For example: take away - Took away - took away - Took away, understand - understood - understoodA - understood, start - started - started - started; but: put - put - put - put.

• In verbs formed from adjectives, the stress usually falls on the ending:
  

  For example: deep - deepen, light - lighten, cheerful - encourage, encourage

Participles

Adverbs

Among the 27 KIM tasks in the Russian language in 2019, there will traditionally be questions on orthoepics, so at the preparation stage it is important to learn all the words included in the orthoepic minimum of the Unified State Exam compiled by FIPI.

Orthoepy is a section of the Russian language that studies the norms and rules of pronunciation of words and stress placement.

Orthoepic norms in oral speech

Compliance with orthoepic norms is an important parameter for assessing oral speech, because incorrect pronunciation of words and incorrect stress hurt the ears of others and characterize the speaker as an illiterate and uneducated person.

Among the millions of words that everyone knows, there is a small group that many people find difficult to remember.

It is worth noting that the norms of orthoepy are not something static. Over time, the pronunciation of some words changes under the influence of a variety of factors. All modern norms are collected in an orthoepic dictionary, but to successfully pass the Unified State Exam in Russian in 2019, 11th grade graduates will need to know the orthoepic minimum well enough, which includes about 300 words.

Structure of KIM 2019

The Unified State Exam in Russian lasts 3.5 hours (210 minutes).

The 2019 Russian language pass will include 27 tasks, 5 of which will be aimed at testing the graduate’s command of the language standards of oral speech. Among these 2019 Unified State Exam tasks there will definitely be questions on the placement of stress in words included in the spelling minimum.

All ticket tasks will be divided into difficulty levels as follows:

Thus, for correctly completing 27 tasks, the examinee will be able to score 58 primary points.

List of words for spelling tasks

Especially for 11th grade students preparing for the Unified State Exam 2019, FIPI has compiled an orthoepic minimum - a mini-dictionary that contains all the stressed vowels in words that are difficult to remember.

We bring to your attention such a dictionary with a convenient division of words alphabetically and indicating the correct stress.

The Unified State Examination in the Russian language is mandatory for school graduates. Many schoolchildren are confident that passing it will not be difficult, since for the majority Russian is their native language. Despite this, we still recommend showing responsibility and devoting several hours to studying the rules and repeating spelling norms.

The main stage of the Unified State Examination in the Russian language will traditionally begin at the end of May and will last until the beginning of June 2018.

The early stage will take place from mid-March to mid-April. You can take the exam in advance:

• graduated from school in 2017;
• those who received a certificate instead of a certificate of secondary education;
• graduates of schools with evening classes;
• planning to continue their studies abroad;
• 2018 applicants who completed the curriculum in advance;
• schoolchildren who, during the main stage of the Unified State Exam, must participate in events of national or international significance;
• eleventh graders who require treatment or rehabilitation scheduled for the date of the main exam.

At the beginning of September, students who received a low score or missed the Unified State Exam due to a valid reason are allowed to take the exam (documentary evidence is required).

Main stages of the exam

Each ticket includes 26 tasks, including test questions and writing an essay on a given topic. Next year it is planned to add a task that will reveal knowledge of lexical norms. Since 2016, the Russian Academy of Education has increasingly talked about the need to introduce the “Speaking” stage into the exam.

It is possible that in 2018, in addition to all of the above, schoolchildren will be tested on their ability to verbally express their thoughts, draw conclusions and argue their position.

What words are included in the orthoepic minimum of the Unified State Examination?

One of the differences between the Russian language and others is that the stress in words can fall on different syllables, and not as, for example, in French - only on the last one. Therefore, only a few can correctly place emphasis in words. To successfully pass the orthoepic minimum in the Russian language, you will have to remember about 300 words.

A complete list of words that are included in the spelling minimum of the Unified State Exam 2018 can be found on the FIPI website. We will list only those that cause difficulties in most schoolchildren: alphabet, airports, bows, verba, religion, on time, long -standing dispensary, to the top, get through, Doniza, blinds, enviable, spontaneous, catalog, quarter, kilometer, more beautiful, more beautiful garbage chute, facilitate, seal, wholesale, adolescence, parter, rights, dowry, drills, orphans, plum, means, carpenter, cakes, chain, scarves.

How to get the maximum score

The first part of the ticket consists of 25 tasks. Successful completion will allow you to receive 34 points, which is 59% of the overall Unified State Examination result in the Russian language. Assignment number 26 is an essay, the maximum score for it is 24 points, i.e. the remaining 41%. Responsible preparation for the exam, concentration during the exam and confidence in your own abilities and knowledge will help you get the highest score.

Video lesson about stress in Russian:

Orthoepic Dictionary of the Russian Language - a dictionary of Russian words indicating their literary pronunciation and stress. Often spelling dictionaries and stress dictionaries are considered equivalent. However, the correct pronunciation of some words of the Russian language is reflected precisely by the spelling dictionary, as it notes unpronounceable consonants in the root (sun, agency), the pronunciation of [e] instead of [e] (baby, meringue, manager), the use of the letter e instead of ё (scam, a not a scam; engraver, not engraver), endings in words (demonic, not demonic; visa, not visa), the combination -chn- (bakery [sh]) and other norms.

List of ofroepic dictionaries indicating the author, title and year of publication:

• Verbitskaya L.A. and others. Let's speak correctly! Difficulties of modern Russian pronunciation and stress: A brief dictionary-reference book. M., 2003.
• Gorbachevich K. S. Dictionary of difficulties in pronunciation and stress in modern Russian: 1200 words. St. Petersburg, 2000.
• Ivanova T. F., Cherkasova T. A. Russian speech on the air. Comprehensive reference book. M., 2000.
• Orthoepic dictionary of the Russian language: Pronunciation, stress, grammatical forms / S. N. Borunova, V. L. Vorontsova, N. A. Eskova; Ed. R.I. Avanesova. M., 1983; 4th ed., erased. M., 1988; 5th ed., rev. and additional M., 1989; 8th ed., rev. and additional M., 2000.
• Kalenchuk M. L., Kasatkina R. F. Dictionary of difficulties of Russian pronunciation: Ok. 15,000 words. M., 1997.
• Borunova S.N. et al. Orthoepic dictionary of the Russian language: Pronunciation, stress, grammatical forms. OK. 63,500 words / Ed. R.I. Avanesova. M., 1983.
• Vorontsova V. L. Russian literary emphasis of the 18th – 20th centuries. Forms of inflection. M., 1979.
• Russian literary pronunciation and stress / Ed. R. I. Avanesova, S. I. Ozhegova. M., 1955; 2nd ed. M., 1960.
• Avanesov R.I. Russian literary pronunciation. M., 1950; 5th ed. M., 1972
• Ogienko I. I. Russian literary accent. 2nd ed. 1914.

A list of accent dictionaries is provided at

FIPI Orthoepic Dictionary 2017

Nouns (37):

AeropOrty, fixed stress on 4th syllable

Bants, fixed stress on the 1st syllable

BEARD, V. p., only in this form units. h. stress on 1st syllable

Accountant, R. p. pl. h., fixed stress on the 2nd syllable

Religion, from: confess faith

Citizenship

Hyphen, from German, where the stress is on the 2nd syllable

Dispenser, the word came from English through French, where the stress is always on the last syllable

Agreement

Document

Leisure

Jalousie, from French, where the stress is always on the last syllable

Significance, from the adjective significant

Catalog, in the same row with the words: dialogueOg, monologue, obituary, etc.

KvartAl, from German, where the stress is on the 2nd syllable

Selfishness

Cranes, fixed stress on 1st syllable

LECTORS, LECTORS, see the word bANT(s)

Localities, R. p., pl. h., on a par with word forms: honors, jaws..., but: news

Intention

NedUg

NEWS, NEWS, BUT: see the word localities

NAIL, NAIL, fixed stress in all forms of units. h.

Adolescence, from Otrok - teenager

PartEr, from French, where the stress is always on the last syllable

Briefcase

Handrails

Beet

Orphans, I. p., plural. h., emphasis in all plural forms. h. only on the 2nd syllable

Means, I. p., pl. h.

Convening

Customs

Cakes, cakes

Chain

Scarves, see bows

Driver, in the same row with the words: kiosk, controller...

Expert, from French, where the stress is always on the last syllable

Adjectives (10):

VernA, short adj. and. R.

Significant

Most beautiful, adj. superlative

Kitchen

Lovka, short adj. and. R.

Mosaic

Wholesale

Perspicacious, short adj. and. r., in the same row with the words: cute, fussy, talkative..., but: gluttonous

Plum, derived from: plum

Verbs (79):

Take - tookA

BROTHER - took

Take - tookA

Take up - take up

Join in - joined in

Burst - burst in

Perceive - perceived

Recreate - recreated

Hand over - hand over

Drive - drove

Chase - chased

get - got it

get there - got there

Wait - waited

Get through - get through, get through

Wait - waitedA

To live - to live

ZachStrengthen

Borrow - borrowed, borrowed, borrowed, borrowed

LOCK - LOCKED

Lock up - locked (with a key, with a lock, etc.)

Call - called

Call - call, call, call

Put - put

Glue

Sneak - sneak

Lie - lied

pour - lilA

FLOWS - FLOWS

Lie - lied

Endow - endow

Overstrained - overstrained

To be called - called

To tilt - to tilt

Pour - poured

Narvat - narwhala

Start - started, started, started

Call - call

make it easier - make it easier

Wet yourself - wet yourself

Hug - hugged

Overtake - overtaken

RIP - RIP

encourage

Cheer up - take heart

escalate

Borrow - lend

AngryBeat

Paste

surround - surround

Sealed, in the same row with the words: form, normalize, sort...

Get to know - get to know

Depart - departed

Give - gave

Open - unlocked

revoke - revoked

respond - responded

pour - poured

Fruit

Repeat - repeat

Call - called

Call - call You will call

Water - watered

Put - put

Understand - got it

Send - sent

Arrive - arrived - arrived - arrived

accept - accepted - accepted

Tear - tore

Drill - drill - drill

Remove - removedA

Create - created

Tear off - ripped off

remove - removed

DEEPEN

Strengthen - strengthen

scoop

It pinches - it pinches

Click

Participles (22):

Delivered

Folded

Busy - busy

LOCKED - LOCKED

Populated - populated

Endowed

Acquired

NalitA

Started

STARTED

Reduced - brought down

Encouraged - encouraged - encouraged

Exacerbated

Disabled

Repeated

Divided

UNDERSTAND

Accepted

Tamed

lived

Removed - removed

Bent

Participles (6):

STARTED

Starting

OtdAv

Raised

MonYav

Arrived

Adverbs (11):

During

DobelA

TO THE TOP

Don't

DONIZU

TO DRY

AT DARK

More beautiful, adj. and adv. comparatively

Top

For a long time

NenOld