home · Measurements · Safety regulations for the transportation of various goods. Safety requirements for the transportation of goods Safety requirements for loading and unloading goods

Safety regulations for the transportation of various goods. Safety requirements for the transportation of goods Safety requirements for loading and unloading goods

Safety measures when transporting goods are an important condition. Failure to comply with special requirements may result in damage to the cargo and injury to others. The transportation of such goods is regulated by various regulations. The movement of inventory items (material assets) is carried out only on vehicles that have the appropriate carrying capacity. With increased load, the safety parameters of the machine deteriorate, which negatively affects maneuverability and controllability.

Rules for the transportation of goods by road.

Transportation rules

If long loads need to be transported, they are placed evenly on the surface of the trailer. A load with a shorter length should always be placed on top, and a larger one on the bottom. Safety rules for transporting cargo allow that it can protrude beyond the body, but there is a condition. So this protrusion can be a third part of the load surface in length. When the overhang is exceeded, the load is placed diagonally or moved onto a longer trailer. Ensuring safe conditions for cargo transportation also involves moving heavy, small-sized cargo to the front of the vehicle. When transporting this (up to 20 tons), the speed on the road and on the bridge should be 60 and 15 km/h, respectively.

When transporting goods and materials by a machine with a load capacity of 10 tons, rational use of its capacity is carried out within the limits of the load capacity. For lightweight cargo, special sides are used, which... Heavy cargo is transported by a machine that has hinges, tail lifts, frames, and eyes.


The sender is responsible for loading, cargo calculation, proper distribution of cargo, and the recipient is responsible for removing the cover, the process of unloading, and cleaning the car. If necessary, all these tasks can be undertaken by a transport company, but only after agreement. Loading of cargo is carried out only after it has been calculated. To guarantee maximum safety of goods and materials during loading and unloading, the stowage must be reliable. Such work is carried out using automated equipment or manually if the mass of goods and materials is up to 50 kg. Safety requirements for the manual loading process:

  • Sharp, piercing objects are carried in special cases, pencil cases;
  • It is necessary to wear gloves when working with packages that have a hard surface;
  • If the container of goods and materials is damaged and there are cutting objects sticking out of it, then carrying it under such conditions is prohibited;
  • The glass weight is installed on special stands;
  • Supports are used for the boards, this prevents them from being damaged.


Chauffeur's responsibilities

The safety of cargo transportation also lies in certain actions of the driver intended to prepare the vehicle, which include:

  1. Preparing the machine;
  2. Mandatory medical examination before travel;
  3. Car delivery, loading, unloading.

The driver must ensure smooth operation of the car, do not deviate from the course, do not exceed speed, and comply with all norms and safety rules for cargo transportation. Based on working time regulations, a driver should not work more than 40 hours a week. With a five-day week, the working day is 8 hours, with a six-day week - 7 hours. But for intercity communication, working hours can be increased to 12 hours. This work activity has its own characteristics:

  • If transportation is carried out during one shift, the carrier company provides one driver;
  • If the route is longer than 250 km, the car is served by two drivers;
  • During shift cargo transportation, several vehicles are used, each of which is assigned a group of drivers.

The driver involved must necessarily know the rules for transporting goods, how the mechanisms and devices that serve the car work, and be able to identify and eliminate malfunctions that arise during the operation of the car.


Dangerous goods

This type of cargo includes substances and products that, during transportation, can pose a threat to life, human health, and the environment. The process of accepting cargo is carried out by weight; it must be checked for the presence of markings on the container. During transportation there must be a hazard information system:

  • Special color, inscriptions;
  • Information plates for identifying machines;
  • Emergency card to determine timely measures aimed at eliminating the consequences.

Working with dangerous goods

Loading and unloading are carried out with extreme caution, the main requirements include:

  • Impacts and pressure are not allowed;
  • The engine turns off;
  • Performed at special posts;
  • The presence of unauthorized persons is prohibited;
  • Not carried out during thunderstorms;
  • The use of load-handling devices is not allowed, as there is a risk of damage to the container or its fall;
  • Barrels are moved on special ladders and decks;
  • Bottles are moved using trolleys;
  • Work is carried out no closer than 125 km. from residential buildings, from the main road - 50 km;
  • During periods of ice, the area is covered with sand.

Requirements for the transportation process

Transportation of this type of cargo has speed limits, which are set by the traffic police during the approval of the route. If it is not required, then traffic rules and the following requirements are taken into account:

  • On a flat road you should keep a distance of 50 m;
  • Under mountain conditions – 300 m;
  • When there is poor visibility of 300 m, transportation is canceled.

Drivers must stop only 200 m from residential buildings. When parking is completed, the parking brake is activated in the car, and if this is done on a slope, the wheel chock is activated. If the destination is more than 500 km away, the car must have a spare fuel tank. A vehicle with high-risk cargo is accompanied in front by a vehicle with flashing lights.


Dangerous cargo is transported only in special vehicles:

  • For explosive, flammable substances, it has a muffler exhaust pipe located in front of the radiator. It is allowed to move it to the right outside the body, tank, fuel communication;
  • The fuel tank is separated from the battery; an impenetrable partition can be used for this. Removal must also be done from the engine, electrical wires, and exhaust pipe. Among other things, the tank is equipped with a protective casing;
  • The van body must be closed, durable, and have a ventilation system. For its internal upholstery, non-flammable material is used;
  • The entire length of the tank is equipped with a bumper that prevents impact;
  • The auxiliary device of the tank, located at the top, has a protective structure - reinforced rings, caps, transverse and longitudinal elements;

The vehicle must be equipped with a fire extinguisher, hand repair tool, wheel chock, and battery-powered flashing lights. There should also be a first aid kit with drugs that neutralize dangerous substances being transported.


Packaging Features

Dangerous cargo is transported only in special containers and packaging. Their material is selected taking into account the specific properties of the cargo and is characterized by the presence of an inert coating. Plastic containers must be impermeable, not soften, or become brittle due to exposure to temperature. When using cardboard boxes, you need to pay attention to their strength and water resistance. When using glass bottles and metal containers, you should check their tightness. The vessels in which are not completely filled. The container is securely fastened in the body; joint packaging of different hazardous substances is allowed.

What to do in case of an accident

If an accident occurs, the driver must take the following actions:

  • Do not allow unauthorized persons to approach the scene of the accident;
  • Notify the traffic police;
  • Call an emergency team to the scene of the incident;
  • Provide first aid if there are victims;
  • Eliminate the consequences;

Compliance with safety precautions when transporting any cargo will help not only preserve its integrity, but also avoid unforeseen situations that may pose a danger to nature, human life and health. It is especially important to comply with the rules when transporting dangerous goods.

Approved by Resolution of the USSR State Committee on Standards dated April 29, 1980 N 1973.

This standard establishes general safety requirements for the processes of moving goods at enterprises* of all sectors of the national economy (loading, unloading, transportation, intermediate storage, arrangement and maintenance of transport routes) by floor wheeled trackless vehicles.
* Enterprises, institutions, organizations, production associations, etc. are hereinafter referred to as “enterprises”.

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. The movement of goods at enterprises must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.3.002-75 and this standard.
1.2. To move goods at enterprises, transport and technological schemes must be developed.

1.3. For the movement of vehicles on the territory of enterprises, traffic patterns must be developed and installed in prominent places.

2. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEVICE AND MAINTENANCE OF TRANSPORT ROUTES

2.1. The construction of transport routes is in accordance with SNiP I-D.5-72 "Highway roads. Design standards", and their lighting is in accordance with SNiP II-4-79 "Natural and artificial lighting. Design standards".
2.2. On transport routes of enterprises, road signs must be installed in accordance with GOST 10807-78 and markings must be applied in accordance with GOST 13508-74. The use of technical means of traffic control is in accordance with GOST 23457-79. The boundaries of the roadway of transport routes in workshops must be established taking into account the dimensions of vehicles with transported goods. The distance from the boundaries of the roadway to the structural elements of buildings and equipment must be at least 0.5 m, and when people are moving - at least 0.8 m.
2.3. Places for repair work on transport routes, including trenches and pits, must be fenced and marked with road signs in accordance with GOST 10807-78, and in the dark - with light alarms. Fences must be painted in a signal color in accordance with GOST 12.4.026-76.
2.4. Transport routes at dead ends must have detours or areas that allow vehicles to turn around.
2.5. Transport routes must be kept in good condition and cleared of snow, ice and debris. In winter, transport routes should be sprinkled with sand, slag or other materials replacing them. The enterprise must establish deadlines, inspection procedures and responsibilities of persons to monitor the condition of transport routes.
2.6. At the intersections of railways, at the same level as transport routes, there must be crossings in accordance with SNiP N-39-76 “1520 mm gauge railways. Design standards”; barriers, warning sound and light alarms - according to SNiP I-46-75 "Industrial transport. Design standards".
2.7. Transport routes must be free of objects that impede free passage or spoil the surface of transport routes.
2.8. When landscaping the territory of an enterprise in the area of ​​transport routes, visibility must be ensured in accordance with SNiP N-D.5-72.

3. REQUIREMENTS FOR CARGO MOVEMENT PROCESSES

3.1. Safety requirements should be included in technological documents: MK, KTP, KTP in accordance with GOST 3.1102-74.
Preparation of documents for the processes of moving goods at enterprises - GOST 3.1602-74.
3.2. When moving goods, the air condition of the working area of ​​production movements must be ensured in accordance with GOST 12.1.005-76.
3.3. Requirements for loading and unloading operations:
3.3.1. Safety requirements for loading and unloading cargo according to GOST 12.3.009-76 and Rules for the design and safe operation of load-lifting cranes, approved by the USSR State Mining and Technical Supervision.
3.3.2. The movement of loads weighing more than 20 kg in the technological process must be carried out using lifting and transport devices or mechanization. The weight of the load moved manually by women must comply with the norms of maximum permissible loads for women when lifting and moving heavy loads manually, approved in the prescribed manner.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
3.3.3. The movement of goods in the technological process over a distance of more than 25 m must be mechanized.
3.3.4. Before starting work, the presence and serviceability of loading and unloading devices, lifting devices and tools must be checked.
3.3.5. The dimensions of loading and unloading areas must ensure a distance between the dimensions of vehicles with cargo of at least 1 m. When loading and unloading near a building, the distance between the building and a vehicle with cargo must be at least 0.8 m, and a sidewalk must be provided, fender, etc.
3.3.6. For the correct placement of vehicles in places where bulk cargo is loaded from container hatches, signs should be installed and demarcation stripes should be applied.
3.3.7. When loading and unloading cargo with sharp and cutting edges and corners, gaskets should be used to prevent the load-handling devices from breaking down.
3.3.8. Stacking of cargo in intermediate storage areas must be carried out in accordance with GOST 12.3.009-76.
3.3.9. Unstacking of cargo should only be done from top to bottom.
3.3.10. During intermediate storage on dumps or in compartments, bulk material should be stacked and selected taking into account the natural angle of repose for this type of cargo. The selection of bulk materials by digging is not allowed. When loading and unloading bulk materials, workers are not allowed to be in filled containers.
3.3.11. For loading and unloading piece cargo, special areas (platforms, overpasses, ramps) must be provided at the height of the floor of the vehicle body. Ramps on the vehicle access side must be at least 1.5 m wide with a slope of no more than 5 degrees.
The width of the overpass intended for the movement of vehicles along it must be at least 3 m. Overpasses and warehouse ramps for access roads must be equipped with wheel guards to prevent vehicles from running off and overturning.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
3.3.12. Loading and unloading operations using lifting mechanisms should be carried out only in the absence of people in the vehicle cabin.
3.3.13. Loading and unloading operations with heavy and long cargo, as well as with the help of a grab, electromagnet and other mechanical load-handling devices, should be carried out only in the absence of people either in the cabin or in the body of the vehicle.
3.3.14. When placing vehicles for loading and unloading operations, measures must be taken to prevent their spontaneous movement.
3.3.15. The area for lifting and moving loads using electromagnets and grabs must be fenced or have an alarm indicating the danger of people in this area.
Fences must be painted in a signal color in accordance with GOST 12.4.026-76.
3.3.16. Areas for loading and unloading operations must have marked boundaries.
3.4. Requirements for the transportation of goods and vehicles
3.4.1. Transportation of goods must be carried out by vehicles that meet the requirements of GOST 12.2.003-74.
3.4.2. Vehicles of enterprises must have state license plates or enterprise registration numbers.
3.4.3. The maximum speed of vehicles on the territory of the enterprise and in production premises should be set depending on the condition of transport routes, the intensity of cargo and human flows, the specifics of vehicles and cargo and ensure traffic safety.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
3.4.4. Transportation must be carried out using vehicles equipped with devices that prevent their operation by unauthorized persons. Vehicles can be left provided that measures are taken to prevent their spontaneous movement, and on the forklifts, in addition, the raised load must be lowered.
3.4.5. The load must be placed and, if necessary, secured on the vehicle so that it:
- did not endanger the driver or others,
- did not limit the driver’s visibility,
- did not violate the stability of the vehicle;
- did not cover light and signal devices, as well as license plates and registration numbers.
3.4.6. Transportation of goods must be carried out in containers or equipment, which are specified in the technological documentation for the transportation of this cargo.
3.4.7. Transportation of dangerous goods in accordance with GOST 19433-81 in containers that do not comply with GOST 19822-81, as well as in the absence of marking in accordance with GOST 14192-77 and a danger sign in accordance with GOST 12.4.026-76 is not allowed.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
3.4.8. When installing loads of irregular shape and complex configuration on a vehicle, except for loads that are not allowed to be tilted, they should be positioned so that the center of gravity is at the lowest position.
3.4.9. In workshops with high noise levels, it must be possible to detect a moving vehicle by sound or light.
3.4.10. Transportation of people on vehicles is permitted only if there are additional seats made in accordance with the documentation of the vehicle manufacturer.
3.4.11. Entry into explosive premises is permitted only for explosion-proof vehicles.
3.4.12. When transporting piece goods placed above the sides of the body or on a platform without sides, they must be reinforced.
3.4.13. During transportation, drums with liquids must be installed with their caps facing up. When placing in multiple rows, each row should be laid on spacers made of boards with all outer rows pinned.
3.4.14. When transporting glass containers with liquids, they should be placed in the body standing up (neck up). When installing them on top of each other, it is necessary to place spacers made of boards between the containers.
3.4.15. Flammable liquids should be transported in specialized vehicles that have appropriate inscriptions and are grounded with metal chains with a point at the end. When transporting flammable cargo in separate containers installed on vehicles, these containers must also be grounded.
3.4.16. Transportation of dust-producing cargo on board vehicles must be carried out in compacted bodies, and measures must be taken to prevent their spraying during movement.
3.4.17. Transportation of goods with temperatures above 70 degrees. C must be carried out on vehicles equipped with metal bodies.
3.4.18. Vehicles intended to transport gas cylinders, oil products and other flammable liquids must be equipped with spark arresters in exhaust pipes and fire extinguishing equipment in accordance with the rules and safety of transportation of dangerous goods by road, approved by the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
3.4.19. Liquefied gas cylinders should be transported on sprung vehicles, and the cylinders should be placed with safety caps to one side across the body and secured.
3.4.20. Gas cylinders should be transported in an upright position only in special containers.
3.4.21. (Deleted, Amendment No. 1).
3.4.22. Flammable liquids and toxic substances may be transported using electric vehicles only as a tractor, and it must be equipped with fire extinguishing equipment.
3.4.23. Auto- and electric forklifts should be used on areas with hard and level surfaces.
3.4.24. When moving loads with forklifts, it is necessary to use working devices (forks, hooks, buckets, etc.) in accordance with technological documents (MK, KTP, KTP according to GOST 3.1102-74 AND GOST 24366-80).
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
3.4.25. When transporting small or unstable loads, forklift trucks must be equipped with a safety frame or carriage to support the load during movement.
3.4.26. Fork extensions must be equipped with appropriate latches or devices that securely secure them to the forks. 3.4.27. During breaks in work and at the end of work, the load must be lowered.
3.4.28. When using a forklift to move large cargo that limits the driver's visibility, it should be accompanied by a specially designated and instructed signalman.
3.4.29. It is not allowed to stack cargo without a cabin or protective grille above the loader driver’s workplace and a protective guard for the load-lifting device carriage.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
3.5. Requirements for intermediate storage of goods
3.5.1. Overpasses and cargo platforms for intermediate storage of goods - according to the standards for the design and construction of industrial enterprises approved by the USSR State Construction Committee.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
3.5.2. Sites for intermediate storage of goods must be located at a distance of at least 2.5 m from railways and roads.
3.5.3. Intermediate warehousing of goods should be carried out depending on the cargo being moved, containers, packaging and technical means with which warehousing is carried out.
3.5.4. Cargo areas intended for intermediate storage of cargo without vehicles moving on them must be designed for cargo distribution with a uniformity of at least 250 kg per 1 sq.m.
3.5.5. Loads stored in bulk should be stacked with a slope corresponding to the angle of repose of the stored material. If necessary, protective grilles should be installed.
3.5.6. During intermediate storage of cargo, measures and means must be provided to ensure the stability and reliability of the stowed cargo.
3.5.7. Cargo in containers and bales should be placed in stable stacks, the height of which should be determined in accordance with GOST 12.3.010-76.
Oversized and heavy cargo must be stacked in one row on chocks.

4. REQUIREMENTS FOR OPERATING PERSONNEL

4.1. The procedure and types of training, organization of instructing workers - in accordance with GOST 12.0.004-79.
4.2. Persons at least 18 years of age who have completed training in a special program and have a certificate for the right to drive a vehicle and perform the corresponding type of work are allowed to drive vehicles for loading and unloading operations. Drivers with the first safety qualification group are allowed to drive electrified vehicles.
4.3. The driver of a vehicle who works with lifting mechanisms must be trained according to the slinger program, certified by the qualification commission and have a certificate for the right to perform these works.
4.4. Persons authorized to service vehicles transporting dangerous goods must undergo training in safe techniques and work methods according to a special program with subsequent certification and have a certificate.
4.5. Programs for training workers involved in moving goods at enterprises must be drawn up taking into account the requirements of labor safety standards, traffic rules and rules for ensuring the safety of transportation of dangerous goods by road, approved by the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs, "Rules for the design and safe operation of load-lifting cranes", approved by Gosgortekhnadzor USSR, "Rules for the technical operation of consumer electrical installations", "Safety rules for the operation of consumer electrical installations", approved by Gosenergonadzor and other regulatory and technical documents. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

5. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE USE OF PROTECTIVE MEANS FOR WORKERS

5.1. When moving goods at enterprises, means of protecting workers from the effects of hazardous and harmful production factors must comply with the requirements of GOST 12.4.011-75.
5.2. Workers must be provided with personal protective equipment, taking into account the hazardous and harmful production factors affecting them in accordance with industry standards.
5.3. All personal protective equipment used by workers during work related to the intra-factory movement of goods must be subject to periodic control inspections and tests in the manner and within the time limits established by the regulatory and technical documentation for these equipment.
5.4. Workers involved in loading and unloading operations using lifting mechanisms must wear protective helmets in accordance with GOST 12.4.091-80 and GOST 12.4.128-83.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
5.5. Storage, disinfection, degassing, decontamination, washing and repair of work clothes, safety shoes and other personal protective equipment for workers must be carried out in the manner established by the sanitary inspection authorities.

Author information

Konstantin Sokolov

General Director of the engineering and technical center "TECHNOVIK", an expert in the field of safety of warehouse logistics and equipment.
Member of the Association of Rack and Warehouse Equipment Manufacturers (Russia), FEM (European Association of Material Handling Equipment and ERF (European Federation of Racking Equipment).
Co-author of the unique patented technology for fragmentary repair of Robusto shelving.

Almost any organization involved in the transportation of goods requires drivers to comply with all rules and regulations established in this area. This is a prerequisite for the safe transport of goods. For these purposes, ATP services prepare labor protection and safety instructions. They explain in detail what actions drivers are allowed to take when transporting goods and what actions they are not allowed to take. By following these recommendations, employees of transport companies who regularly drive trucks can maximally protect themselves and the goods they transport over long distances from road accidents.

Driver's actions before departure

Before entering the line, the driver must ensure that all proper documentation is available. In particular, he should have in his hands:

  • Driver license;
  • Driver's license;
  • Certificate of right to transport cargo;
  • Waybill;
  • All documents related to the transported goods;
  • Instructions on safety and labor protection (which he must study thoroughly, or even better, know by heart).

But this is not the entire list of mandatory actions. The driver also undergoes a medical examination and puts on special clothing and shoes that correspond to the specifics of the work he performs. His “outfit” should be such that he is not afraid of cold, pouring rain, or mud on the roads. Naturally, clothes and shoes must be appropriate for the season.

Preparing the car

Not only all the necessary documentation and the driver must be ready for departure, but also the vehicle used to transport the cargo. In particular, the following devices are placed in the machine:

  1. First aid kit with necessary medications;
  2. Fire extinguisher;
  3. Car repair tools.

Before leaving, the car should be in perfect technical condition. Vehicle diagnostics are also the responsibility of the driver. In cases where a trailer is used for transportation, it is necessary to check whether the coupling units are sufficiently lubricated, whether the safety ropes and chains are firmly fixed, and whether the light alarm functions properly.

What other preparatory measures are carried out in relation to the truck? It must be filled with fuel. If transportation is carried out in winter, then antifreeze should be used. Excess fuel products poured into the car are removed from the surface of the body using a clean rag. If the floor is stained with them, then sawdust or sand should be sprinkled on it. Then sweep everything away with a broom.
When all the work on preparing the truck has been completed and its condition has been brought to full serviceability, it is entrusted to the employee responsible for releasing the vehicle from the garage. This information must be displayed in writing on the waybill.

If malfunctions are discovered in the machine, it is prohibited to involve it in the execution of the order. Also, motor transport should not be allowed to move cargo if its parameters (load capacity, length, etc.) are not suitable for transporting this type of goods. If there is no additional equipment in the form of a first aid kit or fire extinguishers, the car should not be allowed out of the garage onto the line.

The driver can fix any defects found in the car with his own hands or contact a company mechanic.

Safety measures during cargo transportation

After the vehicle arrives at the place where the cargo is sent, employees of the carrier company receive detailed instructions on further actions from the responsible person of the shipper company.

Then you need to carefully inspect the loading and unloading area and entrances. There should be no puddles, moisture, debris, ice, or snow on the surface of road platforms. You also need optimal illumination of the work area.

When delivering a truck, the driver is obliged to use only those maneuvers that do not pose a danger to other people. Before leaving the cab, the driver removes the key from the ignition and locks the door. When entering the road, he should look at cars that are traveling in the opposite or similar direction.

Safety precautions when driving a vehicle with a trailer

If the truck is additionally equipped with a trailer when transporting it, then when connecting to it, the vehicle is driven at a low speed. In such cases, moving the load is a little slower, since the large mass (vehicle + trailer + goods) affects the braking dynamics and driving speed. Braking when moving a vehicle with a trailer is performed smoothly. This rule is valid both for empty trailers and for those filled with transported goods. Any sudden movement can cause the road train to skid or collapse. Typically, drivers slow down in advance when they notice a turn in the road from a distance.

Since the dimensions of such a vehicle equipped with a trailer are quite impressive, any actions associated with its movement are complicated. This applies not only to driving on roads and turns, but even to parking. It can be very difficult to rebuild such a truck in traffic.

When transporting cargo by car with a trailer, the driver is obliged to maintain the driving speed specified in the technical documents. Exceeding this limit may result in severe trailer sway. This, in turn, can negatively affect the condition of the cargo.

Under no circumstances should the trailer be used for purposes other than transporting goods. For example, it cannot transport people or animals.

Safety measures when transporting cargo on gas-cylinder vehicles

If a gas-powered vehicle is used to move goods, then there should be no people in it when refueling it. While refueling, you must turn off the car engine. When the tank is filled with fuel, leave the hood open for a few minutes. This is done in order to ventilate gas accumulations.

According to labor safety standards, it is advisable to prevent gas fuel from coming into contact with areas of the body. It can cause frostbite to the skin.

Warming up the engine

Water is poured into the car engine in special buckets equipped with spouts for precise direction of the stream. When using steam, the hose is firmly fixed to the radiator neck. When the heater has warmed up, the truck cabin is ventilated. Thus, combustion products are removed from it.

Truck repair

Truck breakdowns are a common occurrence in the practice of carrier companies. Any malfunction of the car is a big risk for the safety of the transported goods. As a result, it is necessary to eliminate the breakdown as soon as possible after it is discovered.

When the need for repair work arises, the first step is to turn off the truck engine. Then first gear is engaged. In cases where the car has stopped at the lifting point, you need to place at least two wheel chocks under the wheels.

Before lifting the car with a jack, all people in it must leave the vehicle. After this, the car is stopped with the parking brake. Wheel chocks are placed under the wheels. You should also level the platform for the jack and place a wood pad under it.

Traces are fixed to removed car tires, and wheel chocks are installed under un-removed tires. When inflating wheels, devices are used that prevent damage to the locking ring (otherwise it may jump out).

If a failure occurs in the power system, it can be “treated” only after the motor has completely cooled down. Blockages in jets and fuel lines are removed using a pump.

When repairing a dump truck, the body of which is characterized by a raised position, safety stops are used.

Safety measures when loading and unloading goods

During loading and unloading, the driver’s responsibilities include monitoring the actions of loaders and other personnel involved in these processes. He must ensure that the load lashings are securely and properly secured. If irregularities are detected in the work of personnel or equipment involved, the driver is obliged to demand their elimination.

The goods are loaded first into the front of the truck, and, on the contrary, are shipped from the back. This procedure helps prevent the vehicle from tipping over.

It is especially dangerous to carry out this work when the truck is located near a cliff or slope. The situation can be complicated by the absence of a wheel guard. Safety rules state that in such cases there must be a distance of at least 1 meter between the truck and the abyss.

In cases where loading and unloading of not one, but several vehicles is necessary, it is important to maintain a distance between them. So, for example, if cars are standing in a column, located one after another, then the distance between them should not be less than 100 cm. If they are standing in a row, then gaps of one and a half meters must be left between them.

There are also restrictions regarding the proximity of freight vehicles to residential and non-residential objects. Trucks are not allowed to approach buildings closer than 150 cm.

If bulk cargo is transported, then its height must be equal to the upper boundary of the side of the car body. The load must be distributed evenly.

Sometimes it happens that piece goods are higher than the sides. They are tied with strong ropes. In this case, the goods must be close to each other, there should be no gaps or cracks between them. This way it is possible to prevent them from moving during transportation. If it is not possible to place the goods closely due to the peculiarities of their shapes, then the spaces and cracks between them must be completely filled with spacers or spacers made of wood. When transporting liquid cargo, barrels are usually used, which are placed in the body with the cap facing up.

Adverse climatic conditions

According to safety rules, in case of bad weather in the form of fog, rain and snow, you should reduce your speed to the minimum possible and do not overtake other cars on the roads. Sharp turns of the steering wheel are also undesirable. It is strictly not recommended to open the throttle quickly.

If the road is covered with ice, then the car must be started in the lowest possible gears, only slightly opening the throttle. When descending, brake using the engine and service brake.

Inadmissible actions when transporting goods

When transporting goods, the following actions are strictly prohibited:

  • Transporting people in the back of a truck that is not intended for this purpose;
  • Moving on a truck loads that are larger in size than the body, and some of their parts protrude beyond its sides;
  • Location of the transported goods at a level above the racks;
  • It is prohibited for a driver to participate in cargo transportation after taking psychotropic drugs and medications that negatively affect thinking and slow it down;
  • Using some improvised objects and devices instead of trestles.

Here are the main provisions regarding safety measures during cargo transportation at each of its stages (preparation for loading, loading, movement, unloading). All of them are aimed at the most successful outcome of such an important matter as cargo transportation. When transporting dangerous and large-sized (non-standard) cargo, additional safety measures must be observed. Here, in our article, we examined only the main points concerning this aspect in the field of cargo transportation. All of them are required.

Video: Rental of special equipment and cargo transportation services without intermediaries!

When loading the vehicle body bulk cargo it should be located evenly over the entire area of ​​the body and should not rise above the sides.

Box, roll-and-barrel and other piece cargo it is necessary to lay them tightly, strengthen them or tie them down so that they cannot move during movement (sharp braking, starting from a standstill and sharp turns). Gaskets and spacers are also used.

When moving box loads, protruding nails and ends of metal box lining must be hammered in or removed to avoid injury to hands.

Barrels with liquid cargo installed with the plug facing up. Roll-and-barrel cargo may be loaded (unloaded) manually by rolling. These operations are carried out one by one by two loaders manually with the weight of one piece not exceeding 60 kg, otherwise strong ropes and mechanisms must be used.

Glass containers with liquids accepted for transportation only in special packaging. It must be installed vertically with the plug facing up.

Dusting cargo may be transported in open bodies equipped with curtains and seals.

Drivers and loaders involved in operations with dusty cargo must be provided with personal protective equipment - dust-proof goggles and respirators or gas masks (for operations with toxic substances). The respirator filter must be changed regularly (at least once per shift).

Long cargo(exceeding the dimensions of the PS by 2 or more meters in length) are transported on vehicles with spreader trailers, to which the cargo must be securely attached. Operations with long piece cargo (rails, pipes, logs, etc.) must be mechanized; unloading manually requires the mandatory use of strong slings. There must be at least 2 loaders working. Long loads of various lengths are stacked so that the shorter ones are located on top. To prevent the load from moving when braking and moving downhill, the load must be secured.

Loading and unloading panel semi-trailers are made by smoothly lowering (raising) the panels without jerking or jolting. Semi-trailers should be loaded from the front (to avoid tipping) and unloaded from the rear.

Dangerous goods and empty containers from them are accepted for transportation and transported in accordance with the requirements of current regulations. Dangerous goods must be accepted for transportation in special sealed containers. The same requirement applies to empty, non-neutralized containers. All packages containing hazardous substances must have labels indicating: the type of hazard of the cargo, the top of the package, the presence of fragile vessels in the package.



Transportation of bottles with acids must be carried out in specially equipped devices that protect the load from falling and impacts. Bottles should be kept in baskets and wooden boxes (frames) with strong handles and bottoms.

During transportation compressed gas cylinders The following safety precautions must be observed:

Cylinders can be moved to the loading site only on special trolleys that protect the cylinders from shaking and shock, in a lying position and with the valves closed with metal caps;

The vehicle must be equipped with felt-lined racks with recesses according to the size of the cylinders;

Cylinders can be transported in a vertical position only in special containers.

With automatic filling system flammable liquids the driver must be at the emergency loading control panel, and when loading ammonia water into tanks, the driver must be on the windward side.

Loading and unloading of dangerous cargo onto a vehicle is carried out only with the cabin tightly closed and the engine turned off, with the exception of loading petroleum products and other cargo into a tanker, which is carried out using a pump installed on the vehicle and powered by the engine.

After completing work with dangerous goods, work sites, lifting and transport equipment, load-handling devices and personal protective equipment must be sanitized depending on the properties of the cargo.

Not allowed:

Carry out PRR with dangerous goods in defective containers, as well as in the absence of markings and warning notices on it;

Combined transportation of hazardous substances and food or feed cargo;

Combined transportation of acetylene and oxygen cylinders, with the exception of their delivery on a special trolley to the workplace;

Carry cylinders without a stretcher, throw them, roll them, carry them on your shoulders, holding them by the safety cap;

Smoking and use of open flames during cargo operations with explosive cargo;

Lower the load onto the vehicle, as well as lift the load when there are people in the back or cabin;

Use other objects instead of wooden wedges to wedge the load;

Carry roll-and-barrel loads on your back (shoulder) regardless of their weight;

Be in front of rolled loads or behind rolled loads;

Load hot cargo into wooden bodies;

Transport cargo with ends protruding beyond the side dimensions of the vehicle;

Block the driver's cab doors with cargo;

Load long cargo above bunk posts;

Place the load in a glass container in 2 tiers without appropriate gaskets to protect the bottom row from breaking during movement.

2.1. Cargoes transported by vehicles are divided into three categories by weight, and into four groups by the degree of danger during loading, unloading and transportation.
Cargo weight categories:
Category 1 - weighing (one piece) less than 30 kg, as well as loose, small-piece, transported in bulk, etc.;
Category 2 - weighing from 30 to 500 kg;
Category 3 - weighing more than 500 kg.
Cargo groups:
1 - low-hazard (building materials, food products, etc.);
2 - dangerous in size (oversized);
3 - dusty or hot (cement, mineral fertilizers, asphalt, bitumen, etc.);
4 - dangerous goods in accordance with DSTU 4500-3:2008 “Dangerous goods. Classification".
2.2. When placing vehicles for loading and unloading operations, measures are taken to prevent their spontaneous movement.
2.3. The movement of category 1 cargo from the warehouse to the loading place or from the unloading place to the warehouse can be organized manually if the horizontal distance does not exceed 25 m.
At greater distances, such loads must be transported by mechanisms and devices.
In exceptional cases, at places of non-permanent loading and unloading, it is allowed to load and unload cargo weighing up to 55 kg (one piece) manually by two loaders.
2.4. Transportation, loading and unloading of cargo of the 2nd and 3rd categories at all permanent and temporary loading and unloading sites (points) must be mechanized.
2.5. When loading the car body with bulk cargo, it should not rise above the sides of the body (standard or extended) and should be placed evenly over the entire area of ​​the body.
2.6. Piece cargo that rises above the sides of the body must be tied down with strong, serviceable rigging (ropes, cords). The use of metal ropes and wires is prohibited.
2.7. Box, roll-and-barrel and other piece cargo must be stowed so that when moving (starting from a standstill and sharp turns, sharp braking) it cannot move along the floor of the body. If there are gaps between individual places of cargo, it is necessary to insert strong wooden spacers and spacers between them.
Barrels with liquid cargo are installed with the stopper facing up.
2.8. Glass containers with liquids are accepted for transportation only in special packaging. It must be installed vertically (with the plug facing up).
It is prohibited to place loads in glass containers on top of each other (in two rows) without appropriate spacers (boards) protecting the bottom layer from breaking during movement.
2.9. Dust-producing loads are allowed to be transported in vehicles (open bodies) equipped with curtains and seals, and measures must be taken to prevent their spraying during movement.
2.10. Drivers and workers involved in the transportation, loading and unloading of dust-generating cargo or toxic substances must be provided with appropriate personal protective equipment.
2.11. When installing cargo of irregular shape and complex configuration on vehicles, except for cargo that is not allowed to be tilted, they should be positioned so that the center of gravity is as low as possible.
2.12. Loads exceeding the dimensions of the vehicle by 2 m or more in length (long loads) are transported on vehicles with trailers, to which the loads must be securely attached.
When transporting long loads of different lengths at the same time, shorter loads must be placed on top.
2.13. Prohibited:
- transport cargo protruding beyond the side dimensions of the vehicle;
- block the driver's cab doors with cargo;
- load long cargo above the trailer posts.
2.14. When loading long cargo (pipes, rails, wood, etc.) onto a vehicle with a spreader trailer, it is necessary to leave a gap between the shield installed behind the vehicle cabin and the ends of the cargo so that the cargo does not catch on the shield during turns and turns. To prevent the load from moving during braking and when moving downhill, the load must be securely secured.
2.15. Loading and unloading of panel semi-trailers should be carried out by smoothly lowering (raising) the panels without jerking or jolting.
2.16. Semi-trailers must be loaded from the front (to avoid tipping) and unloaded from the rear.
2.17. Loading and unloading work in the security zones of overhead power lines can only be carried out after targeted instruction and a permit issued by the organization responsible for the work.
2.18. When carrying out mechanized unloading of grain, beets, etc. at receiving points (or in other places) with tippers, pile stackers, the driver is obliged to place the vehicle (road train) on the tipper, pile stacker, brake it, engage a low gear, get out of the cab and stay in a safe area within the operator’s visibility.
The driver is prohibited from clearing the body of beet and grain residues.
2.19. When loading vehicles with excavators, the following requirements must be met:
- vehicles awaiting loading must be located outside the radius of action of the excavator bucket and become available for loading only after the permission signal from the excavator driver;
- vehicles under loading must be braked;
- loading into the body of vehicles should only be done from the side or rear;
- carrying an excavator bucket over the vehicle cabin is prohibited;
- a loaded vehicle must proceed to the unloading point only after the permission signal from the excavator driver;
- the vehicle being loaded must be within sight of the driver.
2.20. Unloading vehicles at slopes, silos, ravines, etc. allowed if there is a wheel guard.
If there is no wheel guard, it is prohibited to drive closer than 3 m to the edge of the unloading area.
2.21. Dangerous goods and empty containers containing them are accepted for transportation and transported in accordance with the requirements of the Rules for the transportation of dangerous goods, approved by order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine dated July 26, 2004 No. 822, registered with the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine on August 20, 2004 under No. 1040/ 9639.
2.22. All packages containing hazardous substances must have labels indicating: the type of dangerous cargo, the top of the package, the presence of fragile vessels in the package.
2.23. It is not allowed to carry out loading and unloading operations with dangerous goods if it is discovered that the container does not comply with the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation, the container is faulty, as well as in the absence of markings and warning notices on it.
2.24. Loading of dangerous cargo onto a vehicle and unloading it from the vehicle must be done with the engine turned off, with the exception of cases of loading and draining petroleum products into a tanker, which is done using a pump installed on the vehicle and driven by the vehicle’s engine. In this case, the driver is at the pump control panel.
2.25. Prohibited:
- combined transportation of hazardous substances and food products or feed;
- smoke and use open flames when loading, unloading and transporting explosive goods.
2.26. Before transporting containers to the loading area, the vehicle body must be cleared of foreign objects, as well as snow, ice, debris, etc. The roof of containers must also be cleared by the shipper (consignee) of snow, debris and other objects.
2.27. Workers involved in loading and unloading operations are prohibited from standing on or inside the container during lifting, lowering and moving, as well as on adjacent containers.
2.28. The driver is obliged to inspect the loaded containers in order to determine the correctness of loading, serviceability, as well as the reliability of fastening the containers on specialized semi-trailers or universal vehicles (road trains).
2.29. The passage of people in the back of a car where the containers are installed, and in the containers themselves, is prohibited.
2.30. When transporting containers, the driver must observe the following safety measures:
- do not brake sharply;
- reduce speed before turns, curves and uneven roads;
- pay special attention to the height of gates, bridges, overhead contact lines, trees, etc.
2.31. On flour-carrying road trains and cement trucks it is not allowed:
- be on the top platform of the semi-trailer if the tank is under pressure;
- connect and disconnect plug disconnects under voltage;
- work with faulty safety valves and pressure gauges, increase pressure above the norm established in the operational documentation;
- open the loading hatch lid or tighten the lid hinge bolt nut when there is pressure in the tank. Use some kind of leverage to tighten the jack bolt nut;
- strike tanks under pressure;
- turn on the compressor unit with the V-belt drive guard removed.
To eliminate malfunctions, it is necessary to disconnect the road train from the source of electricity, and reduce the pressure in the tanks to zero.
When performing work on the upper platform of a flour semi-trailer, it is necessary to install the folding guard in a vertical position.
2.32. Loading of cars onto railway platforms and their unloading must be carried out by the relevant railway services.
As an exception, drivers may participate in loading or unloading in cases where they are carried out without the use of lifting mechanisms.
2.33. Before loading vehicles onto railway platforms using lifting mechanisms, the driver must:
- disconnect the terminal from the battery;
- when loading vehicles using the herringbone type sealing method, bring the fuel level in the fuel tank to half or less than half of its capacity;
- check the serviceability of the fuel tank cap and the reliability of its closure.
2.34. After loading the vehicle onto a railway platform, you must ensure that it is securely fastened and that there are no oily cleaning materials or additional containers with flammable and lubricating liquids on it and the platform.
2.35. All employees of automobile enterprises going on a business trip must be transported only in passenger cars. It is prohibited for people to be on platforms (gondola cars) and in car cabins while the train is moving.
2.36. Checking the condition of fastening of vehicles transported on platforms during transit should be carried out only at stops by persons appointed in advance by the head of the convoy (consolidated convoy).
2.37. At stops, it is prohibited to open doors to enter the cabin and perform other actions that could lead to touching the high-voltage linear wires of the contact network, even if there is currently no contact network above the car.

3. Safety requirements for loading and unloading areas

3.1. Loading and unloading areas and access roads to them must have a hard surface and be maintained in good condition; in winter, access roads, places of operation of lifting mechanisms, slingers, riggers and loaders, gangways (platforms), platforms, passageways must be cleared of ice (snow) and, if necessary, sprinkle with sand or slag.
For the passage (ascent) of workers to the workplace, sidewalks, stairs, bridges, and ladders that meet safety requirements must be provided.

The intersections of access roads with ditches, trenches and railway tracks are equipped with decking or crossing bridges.
Loading and unloading areas must have dimensions that provide the required scope of work for the specified number of vehicles and workers.
Unloading areas near slopes, ravines, silos, etc. must have a reliable wheel guard with a height of at least 0.7 m to limit the movement of vehicles in reverse.
3.2. At sites for storing cargo, the boundaries of stacks, aisles and passages between them must be marked. The placement of cargo in aisles and driveways is not permitted.
The width of the passages must ensure the safety of the movement of vehicles and lifting and transport mechanisms.
3.3. The owners of the enterprises under whose jurisdiction they are responsible are responsible for the condition of access roads and loading and unloading areas.
3.4. When placing vehicles on loading and unloading areas standing one after another (in depth), the distance between them must be at least 1 m, and between those standing next to each other (along the front) - at least 1.5 m.
If vehicles are installed for loading or unloading near a building, then it is necessary to provide a wheel chock to ensure a distance between the building and the rear of the vehicle of at least 0.8 m.
The distance between the vehicle and the stack of cargo must be at least 1 m.
When loading (unloading) cargo from an overpass, platform, ramp, the height of which is equal to the height of the body floor, the car can drive close to them.
If the floor height of the car body and the platform, ramp, overpass are different, it is necessary to use ladders, ladders, etc.
3.5. Overpasses, platforms, ramps for carrying out loading and unloading operations with vehicles driving on them must be equipped with fencing, permissible load capacity indicators and wheel chocks. If they are absent, entry onto overpasses, platforms, and ramps is prohibited.
3.6. The movement of cars and lifting machines on loading and unloading areas and access roads must be regulated by generally accepted road signs and indicators. The movement must be continuous. If flow movement is not possible through production conditions, vehicles must be reversed for loading and unloading, but in such a way that they leave the site area freely, without maneuvering.
3.7. To allow workers to cross bulk cargo, which has high fluidity and suction ability, it is necessary to install ladders or decks with railings along the entire route.

4. Safety requirements when performing lifting and transport operations

4.1. The technical condition and organization of operation of lifting machines used for lifting and transport operations must comply with the Rules for the design and safe operation of lifting cranes, approved by order of the State Committee of Ukraine for Industrial Safety, Labor Protection and Mining Supervision dated June 18, 2007 No. 132, registered in Ministry of Justice of Ukraine on July 9, 2007 under No. 784/14051, instructions from manufacturers and these Rules.
4.2. Lifting machines are allowed to lift cargo whose weight together with the container does not exceed their permissible load capacity.
4.3. Lifting of small piece and bulk cargo must be carried out in industrial containers manufactured in accordance with the requirements of GOST 19822-88 “Industrial containers. Specifications" and a strength-tested load 25% greater than its rated load capacity for 10 minutes.
The load in a container without lids should be 0.1 m below the level of its sides.
4.4. When moving cargo by lifting machines, workers (except the driver) are not allowed to be on the load or in the area where it can fall.
After completion and during breaks between work, the load, load-handling devices, mechanisms (bucket, grab, electromagnet, etc.) should not remain in the raised position.
Moving cargo over premises and vehicles where people are located is not permitted.
4.5. Persons who have completed training in the crane operator program and have certificates for the right to perform this work are allowed to operate a crane.
4.6. When carrying out work on lifting and moving cargo with a crane, the person carrying out the work must comply with the following requirements:
- before starting work, check the condition of the crane and the operation of all its mechanisms;
- know the nature of the work ahead;
- before starting to lift the load, be sure to lower and secure all supports that ensure a stable position of the crane;
- before starting to move goods, give a signal;
- do not begin cargo operations without ensuring the safety of those around you;
- when preparing the load for lifting, monitor the fastening and prevent the lifting of a poorly secured load;
- raise the load to a height of 0.2 - 0.3 m and make sure that the brakes hold, whether the load is well suspended, whether the position of the crane is stable, and then continue lifting;
- receive signals for work only from one slinger-signalman; emergency signal "Stop!" accepted from any person submitting it; consider an incomprehensible signal as a “Stop!” signal;
- when lifting a load whose mass is approaching the limit value for a given boom reach, it is necessary to first lift this load by 0.1 m, check the stability of the crane and only then continue lifting;
- place the cargo on the racks and on the vehicles evenly, without overloading one of the sides;
- lower the load smoothly;
- after finishing work, lower and secure the boom in the transport position.
4.7. When operating the crane it is not allowed:
- lift a load whose mass exceeds the crane’s lifting capacity;
- lift a load of unknown mass, covered with earth or littered with any objects frozen to the ground or another object;
- allow the lifted load to swing;
- pull pillars, piles, tongues, etc. out of the ground;
- operate a faulty crane (all detected faults must be corrected immediately);
- load (unload) when the crane lighting is faulty or the work site is insufficiently illuminated at night;
- work without installed supports;
- move the load by pulling or lift it with oblique tension on the load rope;
- brake sharply when lifting, lowering a load or turning the crane unit;
- move the crane with a lifted load;
- move loads over people;
- work with a rope that has dents, breaks of at least one strand or more broken wires than is allowed by the Rules for the Design and Safe Operation of Hoisting Cranes, approved by Order of the State Committee of Ukraine for Industrial Safety, Labor Protection and Mining Supervision dated June 18, 2007 No. 132 , registered with the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine on July 09, 2007 under No. 784/14051;
- work under power lines and in other dangerous areas without a permit.
4.8. Lifting and moving cargo by two or more cranes is carried out according to the project or technological map and only under the direct supervision of the person responsible for the safe performance of work on moving cargo by cranes.
4.9. It is prohibited to work on a crane with an electric drive:
- with faulty or removed enclosures for fencing live parts;
- with damaged insulation of electrical wiring and cables;
- if the neutral wiring is damaged;
- with the door of electrical equipment cabinets open;
- without rubber mat in the cabin.
4.10. Maintenance of electrical equipment of cranes may only be performed by specially trained personnel.
4.11. When loading or unloading a vehicle equipped with a tail lift, it is prohibited:
- work in the absence or malfunction of the stop bars on the platform;
- operation of a tail lift when the hydraulic system is faulty and not adjusted;
- loading and unloading using a tail lift on uneven sites with a slope of more than 3%;
- lifting and lowering people on the board platform;
- carrying out repair and installation work under the side platform without securing it to the car body with a safety cable.

5. Safety requirements when performing slinging and rigging work

5.1. Persons who have a certificate for the right to carry out these works are allowed to perform slinging and rigging work.
To hang loads on a crane hook without preliminary strapping (loads that have loops, eyebolts, axles, as well as those located in buckets, containers or other containers), workers of basic professions who are additionally trained in the abbreviated slinger program may be allowed. These workers are subject to the same requirements as slingers.
When work is performed jointly by several slingers, one of them must be appointed senior.
5.2. It is allowed to sling only the load for which the slinging scheme and weight are known. The weight of the load being lifted must not exceed the maximum loads indicated on the sling label and the loads of the cranes.
5.3. Ropes and chains are applied to the load evenly, without knots or twisting, and on the sharp edges of the load, pads should be placed under the slings to prevent damage.
With double hooks, the load to be lifted must be suspended evenly on both horns.
The load must be suspended taking into account the center of gravity so that when lifted, the entire supported area is simultaneously lifted off the ground or support.
5.4. Slinging of large-sized cargo (metal, reinforced concrete structures, etc.) must be done using special devices, slinging units or certain places.
5.5. The slinging locations, the position of the center of gravity and the weight of the cargo must be designated by the manufacturer of the product or the shipper.
5.6. It is necessary to lower the load so that the slings are not pinched by it and can be easily removed from it. Removing the slings is permitted only after placing the load on the support.
5.7. When laying round loads on a surface, it is necessary to prevent the possibility of them rolling by placing spacers, stops, etc.
5.8. When lifting, turning and lowering bulky and long loads, they can be guided only with the help of a guy (stretch) made of steel or other rope material of the required length or light, durable hooks.
Directing the load by hand is prohibited.
5.9. It is prohibited to crawl under a barely raised load to attach slings. Slings should be hooked with thick wire hooks or hooks.
5.10. Before lifting a load with a crane (mechanism), all unauthorized persons must move away to a safe distance. The slinger, being on the side of the load, gives signals to the crane operator (lifting mechanism operator) about the movement of the load. After lifting the load by 0.2 - 0.3 m, the slinger is obliged to give the signal “Stop!”, inspect the load lashing, check the serviceability of fastening and alignment and, if everything is in order, allow the movement to continue in the required direction.
5.11. If the strapping malfunctions, the load must be immediately lowered to its original position, and further lifting is allowed only after the problems have been eliminated.
5.12. The strength of the binding of bundles (coils, skeins, etc.) should not allow it to break during lifting.
5.13. Before lowering the load, you must check the place where it will be installed and make sure that the lowered load will not fall, tip over or slide to the side.
5.14. Prohibited:
- place the load on temporary floors, pipes and steam pipelines, cables, etc., as well as stand on the transported load or be under it;
- use faulty or worn-out mooring devices, as well as devices with an expired test period;
- correct (move) with blows of a sledgehammer, crowbar, etc. the position of the branch of the slings with which the load is tied;
- hold with your hands or pliers the slings that slip when lifting the load (in such cases, you must first lower the load onto the support and then adjust the garter);
- balance the load with your own body weight or support parts of the load while moving it.