Expressions with adverbs in English. Using the suffixes -wise, -ward, -like, etc. Place of adverb in an English sentence

When using this or that word, we rarely think about what part of speech it is.

Many students, if you ask them “What is an adverb?” they won’t immediately find an answer. Some simply do not have this information, others think that “an adverb is like an adjective, but in a different way,” someone “taught it at school, but forgot.” But during the analysis, everyone remembers, understands, recognizes and successfully uses adverbs in their speech.

As you read this article, you might be a little surprised that the words you actively use are adverbs.

The very name of the adverb in English ( adverb) tells us about its purpose: ad - add, verb - verb. Adverb is a part of speech that adds meaning to a verb. The adverb supplies us additional information about action, defining the verb: How? (How?), Where? (Where), When? (When ?), etc.

Functions of adverbs.

But, despite the fact that the main function of adverbs is to describe the verb, they can also define:

adjectives:
very noisy - very noisy.
terribly cold - terribly cold.

other adverbs:
too often - too often
very slowly - very slowly.

nouns:
enough money - enough money.

prepositional phrases:
He is particularly interested in physics. -He is especially interested in physics.

individual offers:
Surprisingly, they arrived on time. - Unexpectedly, they arrived on time.

Classification of adverbs by structure.

Adverbs can be in separate words(loudly, slowly) or phrases (in the morning, every day). For both types the term adverbials (circumstances) is used.
According to their structure, adverbs are:

simple consisting of only one part:
fast - quickly
here - here
then - then

derivatives formed using prefixes and suffixes:
badly - bad
otherwise - otherwise
today - today

complex consisting of several parts:
sometimes (some + times) - sometimes
afterwards (after + wards) - subsequently, later, later, after, then
nowhere (no +where) - nowhere; nowhere

composite consisting of several words:
so that - (in order) to
in order to - with a purpose, in order to
as to - in relation to

Classification of adverbs by meaning.

There is a misconception that adverbs always end in -ly and always answer the question How? (How?) This is incorrect, because there are several types of adverbs based on their meaning. What are the different meanings of adverbs?

The main types of adverbs are determined by functions which they perform in a sentence and on the issue to which they respond:

1. Adverbs of manner(Adverbs of manner). They answer the question: How? (How?)
He plays the piano well. - He plays the piano well.
She cried desperately. - She screamed desperately.

2. Adverbs of place(Adverbs of place). Answer questions Where? Where? (Where?)
We go abroad every year - We go abroad every year.
The woman heard a noise upstairs. - The woman heard a noise upstairs.

3. Adverbs of time(Adverbs of time). Answer the question: When? (When?)
I can come tomorrow. - I can come tomorrow.
What are you doing now? - What are you doing right now?

4. Adverbs of frequency(Adverbs of frequency). Answer the question: How/how often? (How often?)
They rarely eat out. - They rarely eat outside the home.
I have my English lessons twice a week. - I study English twice a week.

5. Adverbs of measure(Adverbs of degree). Answer the question: To what extent? (To what extent?)
She likes modern art very much. - She really loves modern art.
He spoke loudly enough for us to hear. - He spoke loudly enough for us to hear.

There are also adverbs that:

A) Strengthen adjectives, other adverbs or verbs (Intensifiers)
He is rather tall. - He's quite tall.
We get on really well. - We get along very well.

B) allocate single words (Focus adverbs):
Even the best student couldn’t answer the question. - Even the best student could not answer this question.
Only Ann knows how to help us. - Only Anne can help us.

B) indicate to the point of view and help to present information coherently (Viewpoint adverbs and connectives):

Fortunately, they managed to catch the train. - Fortunately, they managed to board the train.
I overslept today. As a result I was late for work. - I overslept today. As a result, I was late for work.

Each type of adverb has its own characteristics and its place in the sentence; to learn more about them and use them correctly, we recommend following the publications on our website. Have fun learning!

Even those who claim that the English language is difficult cannot help but agree that the adverbs in the English language are incredibly easy to understand. They are simple to build, and there are very few exceptions to the rules.

You cannot begin to explain the construction of adverbs without understanding what they are all about. It is not difficult for us, Russian-speaking people, to learn to use this part of speech, primarily because the Russian language already has similar words that are built on the same principle.

If we turn to the Russian dialect, then it means a sign of the action of an object, its quality and condition. It answers the following questions: How? When? Why? How many? Where? Where? how long? An adverb can refer to an adjective and even another adverb, describing their characteristics. In a word, this part of speech is very capacious, without it the Russian language would be significantly impoverished.

English adverbs

Using adverbs is not a very difficult task, because we cope with it very well in our native speech. Adverbs in the English language are not fundamentally different from their Russian “brothers”, so their assimilation is very accessible and does not require much effort.

All adverbs in the English language are divided into three main groups, namely: simple (consisting of one word that just needs to be learned, like any other English), complex and derivative. Let's take a closer look at them.

Types of adverbs in English

• Simple adverbs that are represented in one word, and no endings or suffixes need to be added to them, for example: often, now, never.
• Derived adverbs, or adverbs formed by adding a suffix or ending. Such suffixes are: ly, ward(s), like. For example, cold+ly - coldly - cold, slow+ly - slowly - slowly. Examples of the use of other suffixes are as follows: backwards - back, clockwise - clockwise.
• Complex adverbs consisting of two words that are written either separately or together. For example, sometimes - sometimes, everywhere - everywhere, everybody - everyone, everyone, forever - forever.

After studying the table, you will understand that there is nothing simpler than adverbs in the English language! The table is presented below.

Exceptions

Words that strongly resemble adverbs still exist in the English language. However, there are not many of them, and they are not difficult to remember.

For example, the word hardly very similar to an adverb, although in fact in translation it means “barely”, whereas the word hard is a simple adverb and is translated as “diligently.”

There are also a number of words that look just like adjectives, but are actually adverbs. Among these words are the following: friendly - friendly, silly - stupid, lovely - cute, olderly - elderly.

A completely logical question arises: how not to get confused and start using an adverb instead of an adjective in speech and vice versa?

In fact, everything is very simple: you just need to remember that in English everything is very clear, and every word has its place in a sentence. If the word causing doubt comes before a noun, it is an adjective; if it comes before a verb, then it is an adverb. For a clearer understanding, here are some examples:

They are so freindly people! - They are such friendly people! In this case, a noun is described, which means friendly- is an adjective.

He is driving very quickly - He drives the car very quickly. In this example quickly characterizes a verb, being, in turn, an adverb.

Adverb as an adverb

Adverbs can be divided not only according to their structure, but also according to the type of circumstance by which they are expressed.

• Temporal adverbs express temporal characteristics, for example: now - now, now, rarely. Adverbs of time in English are responsible for time indicators and are a very important part of speech.
• Adverbs indicating location: behind - behind, there - there, here - here.
• Adverbs that characterize how an action occurs: loadly - loud, sadly - sad, quietly - quiet.
• Adverbs characterizing quantity and degree: little - little, quite - quite.

Without such words, speech would look poor and meager, but, fortunately, they exist and greatly decorate the English language!

Matching adverbs and adjectives

Very often, adverbs are completely similar to adjectives, differing only in their place in the sentence, which helps to determine what is in front of us in this case.

For example, cheap- is both an adjective (“cheap”) and an adverb (“cheap”).

Let's look at examples:

• This car was very cheap. - This car was very cheap. In this case cheap refers to a noun, respectively, being an adjective.
• I have eaten very cheap - I ate very cheap. In this sentence, cheap characterizes an action and is an adverb.

Comparing adverbs

It turns out that English adverbs can also be compared, like adjectives.

The principle of operation is the same, namely: there are the same two degrees of comparison - comparative and superlative, which are formed in exactly the same way as in the case of adjectives. Isn't this a gift?

• The comparative degree can be obtained by adding the ending -er to the adverb if the word is simple. For example, hard+-er - harder. And of course, an example of use in a sentence: You should study harder and harder to learn French. - To learn French, you have to study harder and harder. If the adverb is long, then it is added more. For example: You look more happily than yesterday. -You look happier than yesterday.
• formed by analogy with the same degree as adjectives, namely by adding the ending -est For short words And most- for long ones. For example: he has run the fastest - He ran the fastest. Just don't forget about definite article the! Its presence is mandatory before the excellent
• However, even here there are exceptions. Let's look at them in table form:

As can be seen from the table, all exceptions almost exactly repeat the exceptions

Adverbs in the English language can and should be memorized and used for better assimilation.

Shall we practice? Yes, this is simply necessary! In order, write the degrees of comparison for the following adverbs:

1. slowly;
2. easily;
3. perfectly;
4. little;
5. fast.

No doubt you did great. Congratulations! Using adverbs in English should no longer cause difficulties, for which you can be congratulated!

An adverb is a part of speech that determines when, where and how an action is performed. A special feature of this part of speech is that it is capable of conveying the characteristics of an adjective or other adverb. It is also important to remember that adverbs in English play the role of circumstances. Let's look at the formation of adverbs, give vivid examples and exceptions to the rules where they are placed in a sentence, and also consider degrees of comparison.

Beginning students who have just decided to learn languages ​​will find it easy to learn this topic, since the adverb in English performs the same functions as in Russian, and is often placed in an identical position. Therefore, the language barrier will be overcome quickly and easily.

The most commonly used types of adverbs in the tables =>

Adverbs of place WHERE (ADVERBS OF PLACE)

Adverbs of time WHEN (ADVERBS OF TIME)

On a note! When, where and why are relative adverbs. Tenses are used in any speech - business, colloquial, artistic and specialized. Relative words can easily and simply explain any situation.

Adverbs of manner HOW (ADVERBS OF MANNER)

Adverbs of measure and degree TO WHAT EXTENT (ADVERBS OF DEGREE)

If you find it difficult to learn the words themselves and understand the adverbs and rules that the table indicates, use them in sentences. It is always easier to learn rules of all kinds using examples.

Here are some examples:

The girl faced the difficult situation very bravely=> The girl faced a difficult situation very bravely. The adverb answers the question How? How?

My mom came home late because she didn’t manage to catch the bus => Mom came home late (when mom came home, time it was later) because I couldn’t catch the bus. The adverb answers the question When? When?

The Professor explained the theory three times and extremely patiently => The professor explained the theory three times and Very patiently. The adverb answers the question To what extent? To what extent?

These yummy mushrooms were everywhere=> These delicious mushrooms were everywhere (everywhere). The adverb answers the question Where? Where?

Rules for forming adverbs in English

All the adverbs that the English language is rich in are divided into 4 categories =>

1. Simple Adverbs
2. Composite Phrasal Adverbs
3. Compound Adverbs
4. Derived Adverbs.

By Simple Adverbs we mean using simple words => here, well, now, after, soon etc.

Derived Adverbs are formed using the suffix -ly and other suffixes (we'll look at this in more detail later).

Compound Adverbs are formed by combining two words, for example, downstairs, sometimes, everywhere, furthermore, anyway, thereafter, otherwise etc.

Composite Phrasal Adverbs are phrasal adverbs. The most striking examples => now and then, a lot of, far enough, a great deal, a little bit, hell of etc.

On a note! In most cases, an adverb is formed from an adjective by adding -ly => luckily, easily, happily, gaily, loudly etc.

Rules for composing adverbs with the particle -ly

Adjectives that end in -y become -I => when forming an adverb.

Busy+ly => busily (busily)

Happy+ly => happily (happily)

Gay+ly => gaily (fun)

Lucky+ly => luckily (successfully)

Easy+ly => easily (easy).

But! If the adjective has an ending -e, then simply put -ly =>

Nice+ly => nicely.

Attention! Remember that there will always be exceptions with the suffix -ly =>

True => truly

Be aware of exceptions and do not make mistakes in writing.

Many people ask what to do with words that end in -le? In this case, change -le to -ly =>

gentle => gently

simple => simply.

An exception is the word whole, in which -le ​​is changed to -ly + the letter l is placed. It looks like this => whole => wholly.

When adjectives end in l, it must be doubled. As a result we get lly =>

Beautiful+ly => beautifully

Typical+ly => typically

Loyal+ly => loyally.

Important! When adjectives end in -ic, adverbs end in -ally =>

Heroic+ly => heroically

Historic+ly => histirically.

Although the process of forming adverbs has its own nuances, there will always be exceptions. In addition to the standard formation with -ly, other adverb suffixes can be used =>

Most => outermost, innermost

Like => warlike, godlike, egglike, snakelike, businesslike

Wise -> crabwise, clockwise, crosswise, lengthwise

Ward(s) => onward(s), eastward(s), backward(s)

Fold => manifold, twofold

Way(s) => sideways, longways.

From the examples it is clear that most adverbs are formed from adjectives, but there are also those that are formed from nouns:

Year => yearly (annually)

Month => monthly (monthly)

Week => weekly (weekly)

Hour => hourly (hourly)

Day => daily (daily).

Remember the following adjectives that end in -ly, but do not form adverbs =>ugly, friendly, lonely, silly, lovely, cowardly.

These adjectives, which have the meaning of adverbs, are used in the construction in a ... way/ manner/fashion =>

The language is rich in inconsistencies and exceptions to the rules. This includes adverbs that have a similar form to adjectives; they are practically the same type =>

How to distinguish such identical adjectives from adverbs? Only according to the function performed in the sentence. If we talk in simple language, then only in context can you 100% understand what the author wanted to say with this or that word.

Adverbs with two forms

An interesting group of adverbs in the English language. Such adverbs are characterized by the presence of two unequal forms that differ in meaning. To use them correctly, it is highly recommended to learn the examples from the table:

These words are in the TOP 100 English adverbs, which are used almost every day in colloquial speech.

To make it easier to understand the material in the table, we give several examples (whole sentences) with the above words in different orders:

• A bird is flying high in the sky => A bird flies high in the sky.

People, living here, are highly cultured and polite => People who live here have high level cultured and polite.

• Sharks can be seen deep in the sea => Sharks can be seen deep in the sea.

My friend is deeply in love with my sister => My friend is very much in love with my sister.

• He will come the last. Hope he will not forget to take presents => He will come last. I hope he doesn't forget to take the gifts.

Lastly we see the light and hope there will be some people => Lastly we see the light, we hope that there will be people there.

• I saw a strange man near the house => I saw a strange man near (near) the house.

Your answer is nearly correct => Your answer is almost correct.

• I have never seen my son late at night at this place => I have never seen my son late at night in this place.

I have never been so happy lately => I have never been so happy lately.

Adverbs performing a syntactic function

An adverb can perform different functions:

• Characterize the action =>

It is amazing! – Helen said passionately=> This is wonderful! – Helen said passionately.

• Characterize the sign =>

Children were too exhausted => The Dati were too exhausted.

• Describe another adverb =>

Maria has done everything very quickly => Maria did everything very quickly.

• Describe the entire proposal =>

Fortunately, we were lucky guys to cope with everuthing on our own => Fortunately, we were lucky to cope with everything on our own.

It is important to note that there is a group of adverbs that are actively used with other adjectives and adverbs, making speech more detailed and understandable. Here we include => most, rather, so, awfully, terribly, amazingly, highly, very, unusually, absolutely, unbelievably, strikingly, extremely. It is important to adhere to correct order words Words in an indefinite order may lose their essence and stylistic coloring.

By using these adverbs, you can briefly and clearly express your thoughts and express delight/disgust in all colors =>

It's terribly hot! - Incredibly hot!

It's unbelievably amazing! - Incredibly wonderful!

I highly appreciate your words! – I highly appreciate your words!

Remember the following expressions and study this table =>

Knowing the exact place of an adverb in an English sentence, you will be able to communicate easily and comfortably, correctly expressing your thoughts.

We must also remember that there are adverbs whose additional function is to enhance the degree of comparison of adjectives. These include words such as far, still, any, much.

We must not speak any louder => We must not speak louder.

We could get to this place far later => We could get to this place much later.

You could cope with everything much better => We could cope with everything much better.

Very often an adverb serves as an adverbial modifier of time, degree, manner of action or place =>

I quite understood all the details => I practically understood all the details (adverbial modifier of degree)

Tina shouted aloud => Tina shouted loudly (adverbial modifier of manner).

On a note! In the meanings indicated above, you need to use an adjective (not an adverb!) if it comes after the following words => look (look), feel (feel), become (become), be (be), seem (appear), taste ( to taste), stay (stay), sound (sound), smell (smell).

Your sister looks amazing! (not amazingly)

It seems they really feel good (not well).

Use of adverbs: exceptional cases

No matter how strange it may sound, there are a number of adverbs (they can even be separated into a separate group) that have their own rules of use. Let's look at some cases in sentences.

If we are talking about adverbs also , as well And too(all three words are translated as ''too''), then you need to remember that they are used exclusively in affirmative sentences. An adverb such as also comes before the word to which it refers, and as well and too are usually placed at the end of sentences.

I didn't want to see him too=> I didn't want to see him either.

We were absent as well=> We were not present either.

Mary also agreed with her mom => Mary also agreed with her mother.

Adverb even in most cases it is used in speech with the conjunctions though and if. In this way, the combinations even though (though) and even if (even if) are formed.

She came to that place even though she was asked not to do this => She came to this place, although she was asked not to do this.

I will never tell you the truth even if I knew => I would never tell you the truth even if I knew.

When it comes to the adverb else, it is preferable to use it in interrogative sentences. Remember the following constructions => what else (what else), who else (who else), where else (where else). IN English grammar The adverb what else/who else/where else often begins a sentence.

Who else wanted to leave this place? => Who else wanted to leave this place?

What else do we need to stay there for one more day? => What else do we need to stay here another day?

Where else should we go to see the rest of the lakes? => Where else should we go to see the rest of the lakes?

Simple adverb enough also has its own peculiarities of use =>

If an adverb performs the function of an adjective and defines a noun, then it must be placed before the word it defines =>

Our neighbors won enough money to buy their own island (Our neighbors won enough money to buy their own island).

But! When enough defines an adverb or adjective, it must be placed after the word that is defined =>

Andry is clever enough to answer correctly (Andrew is smart enough to answer correctly).

Adverbs in a sentence: choosing the right place

In a sentence, such words can occupy different place. This is explained by what part of speech the adverb explains.

If we are talking about adverbs of degree and of manner, then such words, in most cases, are located next to the word they explain =>

Ann smiles sincerely => Anna smiles sincerely.

Helen cooks good => Helen cooks well.

But! If we want to emphasize a word, then the place of the adverb can change. We put it next to the word we want to emphasize =>

Only good does Helen cook! => Helen cooks only well!

Pay attention to the adverbs of frequency in English (seldom, rarely, never, always, sometimes, often, usually). Adverbs of frequency should be placed between the auxiliary and main verbs.

I never wake up at 5 o’clock => I never wake up at 5 o’clock in the morning.

My sister sometimes visits her brothers => My sister sometimes visits her brothers.

Do they usually get up late? => Do they usually wake up late?

Adverbs of indefinite time (usually, never, rarely, often) are widely used in fiction. Words of indefinite tense in English help make speech more emotionally charged and more “alive”.

If we talk about the most mobile adverbs, then they include adverbs of place and time, excluding frequency. It is appropriate to put such words in different parts of the sentence, in different places =>

My friends will be here tomorrow/ Tomorrow my friends will be here => My friends will be here tomorrow/ Tomorrow my friends will be here.

Adverbs of time in English help to place emphasis on a specific word/place, and therefore on the desired event. Therefore, the classical word order may be violated.

Degrees of comparison of adverbs in English

Adverbs form a degree of comparison. The comparative degree is formed using the suffixes -er and -est. For better understanding Let's explain the rule with examples when you need to compare something =>

Maria reads slow => Maria reads slowly.

Maria reads slower than me => Maria reads slower than me.

Maria reads the slowest in the group => Maria reads the slowest in the group.

The same applies, for example, to the word fast => fast-faster-fastest.

But! If the adverb is polysyllabic or formed with -ly, then it is appropriate to use the words more and most =>

Wisely – more wisely – most wisely.

Important! Be aware of English comparative exceptions! The words loudly, early, slowly and quickly do not apply to the above rule and are exceptions in the comparison table =>

Loudly – ​​louder – loudest

Early – earlier – earliest.

Degrees of comparison of adverbs in the English language of the words quickly and slowly can be formed in two ways =>

Quicker/more quickly – quickest/most quickly

Slower/more slowly – slowest/most slowly.

We also need to remember about adverbs that do not form degrees of comparison in the standard way. Such words are exceptions in degrees and need to be memorized =>

Little – less – least

Much – more – most

Badly – ​​worse – worst

Far – farther/further – farthest/furthest

Well – better – best.

And further. Do not forget that in English there are adverbs that do not have degrees of comparison => optimally, somehow, thus, somewhere, here, when, sometimes.

Such words need to be memorized and constantly repeated in memory so that your speech is correct and beautiful. And one more thing - you should always keep the comparison table in your head. It's like two and two.

Let's sum it up

English adverbs are different, as are the methods of their formation and their place in a sentence. Prime examples are exceptions to rules that need to be learned and repeated regularly. Knowing a lot of words and practicing them daily in conversation, you will quickly learn the peculiarities of constructing an English sentence and choose the right words. And knowing as many adverbs in English as possible will make your speech colorful and interesting.

Do exercises on adverbs even when you start studying another topic. And be sure to do each exercise with translation , and if necessary, then with transcription (you will find a list of exercises on our website). This will help you learn all the possible meanings of a word in context and learn how to pronounce them correctly. High-quality English pronunciation – important element successful study language. With good English pronunciation you will feel much more confident. Fact!

Our advice! Transcription will help you get the right British accent! Be sure to listen to the pronunciation and repeat it every day.

Among the independent parts of speech of both Russian and English lexical composition, adverbs (adverbs) occupy quite an important place. Adverbs in English are different in that they are often confused with adjectives and are sometimes used in the wrong place. The speaker's task in this case is not only to distinguish between an adverb and an adjective, but also to place this word in the right place in the sentence, since sometimes its position can change depending on different circumstances. Such difficulties require us to consider what an adverb is in the English language, how this part of speech differs from others, and also to determine how its main forms are formed.

Main features and features

In order to understand how to distinguish an adverb from other parts of speech, you need to ask a question about the word. Adverb is distinctive in that it always identifies the verb form (as opposed to a preposition or adjective, which is always associated with a noun or pronoun) and answers the question how? In sentences, as a rule, it acts as an adverbial modifier.

Despite the rather significant difference compared to adjectives, the rule of grammar still provides for some connection between these two parts of speech. This is expressed in the fact that adverbs formed from adjectives are often found. In this case, adverb suffixes come into play, and the most common one is the popular suffix –ly. This is especially common in long structures; polysyllabic adjectives to which such a suffix is ​​added become adverbs. Here are some examples with translation:

beautiful (beautiful) – beautifully(Beautiful)
thorough (thorough) – thoroughly(thoroughly)
easy (easy) – easily(easily)
wonderful (wonderful) – wonderfully(Amazing)
strong (strong) – strongly(strongly)

However, there are not only derived words, but also those that coincide in their forms with adjectives. Typically this refers to monosyllabic adverbs, which have exactly the same structure as adjectives. Examples of adverbs of this kind are fast (quickly), quite (quietly), hard (hard), etc.

Structure of English adverbs

The formation of adverbs in the English language occurs according to four main types of formation of these parts of speech. So, this classification provides the following types possible adverbs in terms of their structure:

1. Simple. Their essence lies in the fact that no word-forming morpheme is placed with them: fast (quickly), then (then), soon (soon), here (here), etc.

2. Derivatives. A similar word is usually formed using a suffix. The most popular morpheme is the suffix –ly, but other variants are sometimes used: slowly (slowly), headlong (headlong), likewise (also), freely (freely), etc.

3. Complex. Among the words defined in this category, those that consist of two stems, forming a single and whole adverb, stand out: nowhere (nowhere), everywhere (everywhere), sometimes (sometimes), anyhow (one way or another), etc.

4. Composite. Their essence is that they usually consist of two separate words, but the adverb translation will be usual: at last (in the end), at once (immediately), at least (finally), in vain (in vain), etc.

Types of English adverbs by meaning

This or that type of adverbs is determined not only by their structure, but also by the meaning that they convey. So, in English sentences, adverbs are of the following types:

• adverbs of time in English they reflect the moment at which the action takes place. Typical adverbs of time include: yesterday (yesterday), tomorrow (tomorrow), soon (soon), etc.
• adverbs of frequency in English they indicate how often a particular process is performed. Here the words frequency or regularity are used directly. These are adverbs of frequency such as often (often), rarely (rarely), sometimes (sometimes), etc.
• adverbs of place in English they show a specific location. Such words are sometimes presented in literature as demonstrative adverbs: there (there), here (here), up (above).
• adverbs of manner show exactly how, that is, in what way the action was performed. Typical adverbs of manner in English are hard (hard), slowly (slowly), kindly (kindly), etc.
• adverbs of possibility and probability (opportunities and probabilities) carry varying degrees of certainty and often reflect uncertain contexts: certainly (obviously), indeed (in fact), perhaps (probably), etc.
• reasons and goals answer the question why, why: therefore (hence), hence (from here), consequently (as a result)
• relative adverbs in English, as a rule, parts of sentences are connected with each other: the place where... (place where...), the reason why... (reason why...), etc.
• adverbs of measure, quantity and degree (measures, quantities and degrees) show the total number or ratio to a particular degree: enough (enough), very (very), exceedingly (extremely), etc.

Place in sentence

Determining the place of an adverb in an English sentence is quite simple: as a rule, such a word is used after the verb. However, there are also some special adverb clauses in which adverbs can become either initial or final position.

In the first case, the structure is placed at the beginning when it is necessary to expressively emphasize a particular situation:
Today she is 18! – Today she is 18! (Emphasis on the fact that she turned 18 not yesterday or tomorrow, but today)

Adverbs that do not have the suffix –ly are often placed at the very end:
You are to come at 10 sharp – You must come exactly at 10

Degrees of comparison

The use of adverbs in degrees of comparison is also possible, and here the comparative and superlative forms are also distinguished. Nevertheless, there is still some difference from adjectives: firstly, in superlative degree the article the is not needed, therefore adverbs do not describe nouns, and secondly, the endings of words do not play any role. The principle here is quite simple: you need to look at the syllables. For monosyllabic words the suffix –er/–est is added, and for polysyllabic words the words more and most are added.

In addition, there are also exceptions that in many ways resemble words from the adjective category. However, most forms are still different, and any table with exceptional cases will reflect this. For example, there is no adverb bad, it is an adjective, and adverb would look like badly. Here are some special words like this:

Proverbs and sayings

Proverbs with adverbs in English are quite common. Of course, these sayings do not consist exclusively of adverbs, but the latter sometimes play an important role in them. For example:

It’s never too late to learn – It’s never too late to learn
A friend in need is a friend indeed – A friend is known in need
Lost time is never found again – Lost time cannot be returned

All these conditions and features of English adverbs play a very important role in the process of learning the language, since the essence of the whole phrase largely depends on the correct use of this part of speech. Various exercises and training materials can help in training the use of adverbs and learning all the special cases.