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How to learn Romanian

Find a Romanian teacher with good knowledge of English or your native language. The opposite situation (for someone to speak your language as their native language and have high level knowledge of Romanian) is quite unlikely (unless you speak Hungarian) since Romanian is not widely spoken in the world; In addition, having a teacher is a must, as Romanian grammar is quite difficult to understand even for native speakers.

Get to know the Romanian alphabet and pronunciation. In Romanian, words are written the same way they are pronounced. Check out the table on Wikipedia to find out more.

  • Be careful with the placement of the accent. It's quite difficult. Get a monolingual Romanian dictionary and look up some words just to understand how the stress falls on the syllables.
  • Get to know special characters: "ă"; "î" or "â" (both sound the same), "ş" and "ţ". Practice reading them correctly in texts.

    • "ă" is pronounced /ə/ (something between o and ё). There is no equivalent for this sound in Russian;
    • "î" or "â" both correspond to the sound /ɨ/ (somewhere between u and yu). There is no equivalent for this sound in Russian;
    • "ş" is pronounced as /ş/;
    • "ţ" is pronounced /ts/;
  • Buy a Romanian language textbook that contains texts and lists of words with translations. Also buy a Russian-Romanian and Romanian-Russian dictionary, as there are still many words you don't know.

    Learn some basic words and phrases in Romanian. This will be useful even if you do not want to learn the language, but are just going on a trip to Romania.

    • "Da"="Yes"
    • "Nu"="No"
    • "Bună!"="Hello!"
    • "Bună ziua!"="Good afternoon!"
    • "Bună seara!"="Good evening!"
    • "La revedere!"="Goodbye!"
    • "Mulţumesc!"="Thank you!"
    • "Vă rog/Te rog"="Please"; It is noteworthy that "Vă rog" is the plural form, more polite and formal, and "Te rog" is informal.
    • "Îmi pare rău!"="I'm sorry"
  • Go to simple sentences, for example, how to say your name, age and nationality. Learn a few basic verbs like "a fi" (to be), "a avea" (to have), "a merge" (to go), "a face" (to do), etc. Also, learn the numbers from 0 to 100, as you need to know them to tell your age. Here are some examples:

    • "Mă numesc John"="My name is John"
    • "Am douăzeci de ani"="I am twenty years old" - Be careful! The verb used in Romanian to say age is "a avea" ("to have"), not "a fi" ("to be").
    • "Sunt american"="I am American"
  • Use the dictionary to memorize 20 new Romanian words per week. Write them down as a list in a notebook and read them out loud until you remember them. This will help expand your lexicon.

  • Learn Romanian grammar. This is the most the hard part. It is very difficult even for native speakers to know all the rules (and hundreds of exceptions), but it is possible. Here are some basic rules:

    • The indefinite articles "un" (masculine, singular), "o" (feminine, singular) and "nişte" (both genders in plural); definite article is formed by adding certain endings to words (for example, -(u)l, -а, -ua, -le) in accordance with certain rules.
    • There are 3 genders in Romanian grammar: masculine, feminine and neuter. The neuter gender includes those nouns that appear as masculine nouns in the singular and as feminine in the plural.
    • Romanian has 5 cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative and vocative. Nouns have various shapes for each case (i.e. they are inflected), which depend on the gender and number of the noun. The form of the genitive and dative cases is identical, as well as the nominative and accusative. The vocative case is used when directly addressing a person (for example, calling a name to attract someone's attention).
    • There are 3 voices in Romanian: active, passive and reflexive. Reflexive voice is used when the subject and direct object of the verb are the same person. Example: "Ma îmbrac" = "I am getting dressed." Passive voice is used only when the subject becomes the object of the action, and someone else performs the action. Example: "Hoţul a fost arestat de către poliţie" = "The thief was arrested police".
    • There are 9 verb moods: infinitive, indicative, subjunctive, conditional, presumptive, imperative, supine, participle and gerund. The indicative, subjunctive, conditional, presumptive and imperative moods are finite forms of the verb, in the sense that they can be inflected (to express time, person) and act as the predicate in a sentence, while the other four moods are called impersonal forms of the verb (infinitive, supin, participle and gerund) act as adjectives or adverbs in a sentence.
      • the indicative mood has 8 tenses: present, imperfect, perfect simple, compound perfect, pluperfect, future, popular future and future in the past. Present matches present simple And present continuous; imperfect matches past continuous; simple perfect tense, corresponding past simple, is outdated and only used in some regions of Romania; it is largely replaced by the compound perfect, which corresponds to the past simple and present perfect; and pluperfect corresponds to the past perfect.
      • The subjunctive mood has 2 tenses: past and present. This corresponds to some use of the infinitive in English language(for example: "Vreau să plec", which means "I want to leave").
      • The conditional mood also has 2 tenses: past and present. It is used in the same cases as in English.
      • The presumptive mood has 3 tenses - past, present and present progressive (corresponds to the tenses of the continuous group in English); it is used to express possible action(similar to using modal verb"might" in English).
      • The imperative mood has only one tense - the present - and is used in the same circumstances as in English.
  • Good afternoon, Dear Reader, today we will look at another Romanian language lesson from the wonderful Romanian language tutorial Vasile Capatsine, with whose help you can quickly master Basics of Romanian language online. So, here we go:

    Ziua mea de lucru

    Eu mă scol la ora şase. Fac gymnastică şi plec în camera de baie. Mă spăl pe mâini, pe faţă cu apă rece şi pe corp cu apă caldă. Folosesc întotdeauna săpunul. On fiecare diminiaţea şi seară mă spăl pe dinţi. Îmbrac hainele de zi şi mă pieptăn. Fac puţină ordine în camera mea.

    La ora şapte iau dejunul, iar peste o jumătate de oră plec la serviciu. Lucrez şapte ore: de la ora 8 dimineaţa până la 5 după masă. Între orele 1 şi 2 după amiază am pauză de prânz când iau masa.

    După serviciu fac piaţa şi apoi merg acasă. Mă ocup cu diferite treburi casnice. On timpul liber citesc, privesc televizorul sau discut cu membrii familiei.

    La ora 8 seara iau cina. Mă culc la ora unsprezece (11).

    Below I attach my literal translation of this text.

    My work day

    I wake up at six o'clock. I do gymnastics and go to the bathroom. I wash my hands, I wash my face cold water, and wash my body with warm water. I always use soap. Every morning and evening I brush my teeth. I put on my clothes and comb my hair. I'm putting a little order in my room.

    At seven o'clock I have breakfast and half an hour later I go to work. I work seven hours: from 8 am to 5 pm. Between 1 and 2 o'clock I have a lunch break, at which time I eat.

    After work I do some shopping at the market and then go home. I do various household chores. IN free time I read, watch TV or chat with family members.

    At 8 o'clock in the evening I have dinner. I go to bed at eleven o'clock.

    Below are the words and phrases for the lesson.

    Vocabulary. Words for the lesson

    Apă Water
    Corp Body
    Dinte Tooth
    Faţă Face
    Haina Cloth
    Jumătate Half
    Mana Hand
    Pauza de prânz Lunch break
    Săpun Soap
    Serviciu Job
    Treabă Case
    Zi de lucru Working day
    Cald Hot
    Casnic Home
    Fiecare Every
    Ontotdeauna Always
    Rece Cold
    Zilnic Daily
    Oră Hour
    Liber free

    Verbe Verbs

    These verbs are indicated in the infinitive and in the 1st person singular(I)

    A citi,citesc Read, I read
    A discuta, discut Discuss, I discuss
    A face, face Do, I do
    A folosi, folosesc Use, I use
    A se îmbrăca, mă îmbrac Get dressed, I get dressed
    A merge, merge Go, I'm going
    A cupa, cup Study, I study
    A pieptăna, pieptăn Combing, I'm combing
    A se scula, mă scol Wake up, I wake up
    A spăla, spăl Wash, I wash
    A face piaţa, face piaţa Shopping at the market, shopping at the market

    To be continued,

    Best regards, Georgiy

    The Romanian language is not one of the popular and sought-after languages ​​of the world, but still many people have a need to study it. The reasons can be very different: moving to permanent place residence in Romania, meeting Romanians, finding a job in this country, the desire to learn more about its culture, traditions, read books, watch films in the original, understand the meaning of your favorite songs, etc. It doesn’t matter what exactly prompted you to learn a foreign language. The main thing is to be able to properly organize the educational process, so that over time the desire does not disappear and you do not want to give up what you started.

    Where to start learning a language?

    Many people are starting to buy various tutorials, textbooks, and audio courses, but this is the wrong approach. If there are many sources for learning a language, then it only confuses, the student does not know what to grab onto first, which literature is more effective, so very often it all ends there, and Romanian remains so. First of all, it is worth deciding on the motivation , understand why all this is being done. A specific goal will not allow you to abandon your studies during a crisis, when it seems that it is impossible to remember unfamiliar words or understand the meaning of sentences. Therefore, at the very beginning, you should decide for yourself why knowledge of the Romanian language is necessary, and whether it will be useful in the future. You should also decide on the method of training. Some people can educate themselves, while others do not have perseverance and patience, so they need a tutor who will draw up a lesson schedule and check their progress. Here you need to build on your personal wishes and capabilities.

    Self-study of Romanian language

    Those who are used to freely managing their time, do not tolerate any boundaries or restrictions, and also have patience and perseverance, can try to study alone. The Romanian language is not too complex, but not simple either, it is unique. Therefore, when studying it, certain difficulties arise. You need to purchase a good tutorial; an audio course won’t hurt, because you need to get used to live speech. A dictionary is a student’s main assistant, and today there is a lot of material on the Internet devoted to the grammar of a foreign language. Such information can be found in the public domain; you don’t have to pay money for it.

    Many people note that it is very beneficial to learn the Romanian language on your own. A self-instruction book, a grammar book, an audio course, a dictionary - that's all you need to spend money on. Of course, this method of learning requires perseverance and focus, because it can be so difficult to control yourself and stay on schedule. Any language requires constant repetition, so you need to study little by little, but every day. If such a schedule is not possible, then it is necessary to allocate at least 4 hours a week.

    Tutor's help

    When do you need a personal teacher? If it’s hard to force yourself to take up the textbook every time, or you can’t keep up with the schedule, then you should find a tutor. You will master Romanian grammar much faster under the guidance of an experienced teacher. In addition, it will help get rid of the accent and solve individual problems that arise during the learning process. This is a rather expensive way to learn a language, but it is the most effective. Therefore, people who need the most short time To learn Romanian, you should find yourself an experienced tutor.

    Should I sign up for language courses?

    There is a category of people who do not want to work alone; it is easier for them to absorb information in the company of like-minded people. Language courses have been created especially for them. They are available in almost every city; you just need to sign up for a group and attend classes regularly. It is best to learn Romanian for beginners under the guidance of a teacher who will coordinate, guide, and motivate. In addition, it is very difficult to start speaking Romanian on your own. Therefore, if you have the opportunity to allocate free time, then it is best to enroll in language courses and there, together with like-minded people, learn the basics, learn grammar, words, and get acquainted with the culture and traditions of Romania.

    Internet help

    You should never limit yourself in your possibilities. Today the Internet offers a wide variety of methods. There are special programs that allow you to quickly learn unfamiliar words; various paid and free courses. In addition, you can watch films, videos in Romanian, listen to songs, read and translate books. It is also worth registering on the forum, where the same people learn the Romanian language, communicate with each other, encourage, and help you take your first steps.

    Don't be embarrassed about your accent. If you only engage in reading, translating, and doing exercises, then things will not get off the ground. To understand spoken language, you need to listen to a native speaker speak. For this purpose, you can download movies with subtitles, watch videos, listen to songs, audio recordings. To speak, you should repeat words, phrases, and sentences after the speaker. No matter what turns out clumsily, over time it will turn out better and better. After all, when a child learns to speak, he also does not pronounce all the letters. It is important to work in all areas - writing, reading, and then the result will not be long in coming.

    Communication with native speakers

    Many people believe that in order to learn Romanian, you need to go to Romania. Indeed, if everyone around you speaks foreign language, then its study occurs many times faster. However, it is necessary to have at least a small vocabulary and know basic grammatical rules, otherwise a person will have the feeling that he is deaf and dumb. You don’t have to go anywhere to improve your Romanian language. You can meet Romanians and communicate via Skype. On initial stages correspondence via e-mail, but still we must not forget about communication.

    Is it possible to learn a language in six months?

    There are authors of tutorials and audio courses who promise to learn the Romanian language in just a month (some enthusiasts even in a week). Words (the required minimum), some grammatical rules can be mastered in such a period of time, but speaking fully and understanding the speech of the interlocutor is not. By devoting 4 hours a week to the Romanian language, you can get an impressive result in six months. However, this is only provided that classes are conducted regularly. You need to develop yourself comprehensively and apply different learning tactics. Today you can only do the exercise and read, plan to watch a movie tomorrow, and communicate with native speakers the day after tomorrow. With this approach, studying will not get boring, and you will also be able to learn grammar, expand your vocabulary, learn to understand spoken language and speak independently.