Dust trap - regions form around young stars in which the growth of future comets is possible. Mepps Comet spinners Review Reviews – How many of these comets do you need to make oceans appear?

They squeak unpleasantly and fly into your eyes and nose. And after such a rest, you have to treat the bites so that they do not interfere with sleep.

There are many repellents on the market today that can help minimize the number of bites. But what to do with the squeak made by mosquitoes on the street? And most repellents do not have the desired effect on midges.

For these purposes, traps for mosquitoes and midges have been invented. They can be either electrical or mechanical. And with a little imagination, you can build such a trap with your own hands, saving family money.

An effective way to control mosquitoes

Types of traps

Factory-made traps are designed to lure not only mosquitoes and midges, but also other flying insects, including horseflies and flies.

After all, a horsefly bite is much more sensitive than a mosquito bite and entails more serious consequences. So what traps do the manufacturers of these devices offer consumers?

Water trap for mosquitoes

Review of the most popular traps

With the arrival of summer, the shelves of hardware stores are full of a variety of mosquito and midge repellents, which include repellents, fumigators and coils.

However, the effect of repellents is short-lived, fumigators are effective only indoors and require a supply of plates, and to get rid of bloodsuckers using a spiral, you will have to sit not far from it. Therefore, many land owners prefer to use traps.

Electric trap

Sticky traps

Velcro are the most common and accessible means. Strips of paper impregnated with resin are hung in places where insects accumulate, for example, near a light source. Even if it touches its wing, neither a fly, nor a mosquito, much less a midge, will be able to escape from the captivity of this simple device. This trap is especially effective against large insects - flies, wasps and horseflies.

Electrical traps

Such devices are very effective against all types of flying insects and do not harm environment. But they can only be used if they can be connected to electrical network. True, some electric traps can also be powered by a battery.

There are several types of electrical traps.

• With ultraviolet lamp. The ultraviolet light emitted by the lamp attracts midges, mosquitoes, horse flies, flies and even wasps.
• Insect killer with fan. These devices suck insects inside.
• Destroyer releasing carbon dioxide. Such devices, emitting carbon dioxide, imitate the heat emanating from mammals, including humans.

All such traps work on the principle of generating heat, due to which insects perceive them as living beings. Each of them is equipped with a lamp protected by fine metal mesh through which electric current passes.

Flying up to it, insects are struck by an electric discharge, after which they die. Although the voltage applied to the grid is safe for people and animals, it is harmful to insects.

One of the inventions of our time is ultrasonic generators. They are made in the form of small key fobs that transmit ultrasonic signals of various frequencies. They can be carried with you in your pocket at all times, eliminating the need for additional protective equipment.

Traps with insecticides

Such traps are produced in the form of containers in which the bait is placed. In this case, a liquid substance can act as a bait, getting into which mosquitoes, midges and other insects get wet and cannot get back, or it poisonous substance, which has a detrimental effect on insects.

A significant disadvantage of such traps is their one-time use. This means that as the container fills up, it will have to be thrown away. But considering that one container can hold about 20 thousand mosquitoes, the service life of such a trap is very long. True, by luring horseflies, which are many times larger than mosquitoes and midges, this period will be significantly reduced.

Mechanical traps

This concept refers to self-made traps. The main advantage of such devices is safety, environmental friendliness and the ability to use both outdoors and indoors.

The desire to save money forced people to make their own baits in the form of Velcro and containers filled with toxic substances.

Rating of the most effective traps

Every summer resident and farm owner wants to protect his territory from the invasion of midges. And various traps that not only lure but also destroy blood-sucking insects can help with this.

Anti-mosquito lamp

Electric shredder SWI-20

This device can be used both indoors and outdoors, provided it is protected from precipitation. It attracts insects to itself through ultraviolet light, emitted by two lamps with a power of 40 W each. This device can be hung on a wall or ceiling, or installed directly on the floor.

The SWI-20 electric exterminator, manufactured in Switzerland, effectively clears an area of ​​250 m² of midges, provided it can be connected to a 220-240 V network. Insects are destroyed when they approach the device’s lamp through a grille, which is supplied with a voltage that is safe for humans.

Destroyer Flashlight "Sniper"

This flashlight is made in China, and the materials used in its manufacture are metal and plastic, which are of high quality. The principle of its operation is ultraviolet radiation, which attracts all flying insects, including mosquitoes and midges. UV lamp The lamp is protected by a mesh, which is supplied with a current that is harmful to insects, but safe for humans. Getting into it, the vile dies.

This shredder is waterproof so it can be used both indoors and outdoors. Removable foot and top hinge allow it to be used by installing it lengthwise garden paths or hanging on the ceiling and wall. This device is energy independent, since it uses a solar battery as a power supply.

Destroyer Trap GF-4WB

This device uses three technologies to attract insects:

• imitation of human breathing;
• thermal radiation simulating the temperature of the human body;
• ultraviolet radiation.

The exterminator is equipped with a built-in fan that sucks insects as they approach the device into a special mesh located at the bottom of the device.

This trap is not affected by moisture, so it can be used both indoors and outdoors.

Shredder SK 800

This device is manufactured by the Australian company Smartkiller and is intended for all types of flying insects. It can effectively get rid of midges over an area of ​​up to 150 m².

The exterminator uses 3 technologies to attract insects. By imitating human breathing and body temperature, the device attracts midges. A built-in fan sucks mosquitoes and midges inside the device.

Operation of the device is possible only if it is possible to connect to an electrical network with a power of 220 V. And since there is no gas cylinder, it can be used not only outdoors, but also indoors.

This system is made in the USA and requires a carbon dioxide cylinder to operate. Emitting gas preheated to 35-40 degrees into the air, it simulates a large crowd of people. In addition, this device uses an additional bait called Octenol.

Although potentially dangerous for insects, this exterminator is absolutely harmless to people and animals. Although the manufacturer guarantees effective work system on an area of ​​20 acres, it is capable of protecting areas with an area twice the declared size from midges.

Mosquito Magnet Patriot System

This device is also made in the USA and is capable of effectively protecting an area of ​​up to 45 acres from midges. The system runs on propane, which during operation is converted into carbon dioxide, simulating the heat of the human body. For greater efficiency, the device is equipped with Octenol bait.

There is also a domestic analogue of electric mosquito traps: the Aerofrog mosquito extermination system. It was created with the support of the TsAGI Aviation Research Center and using their developments in the field of aerodynamics and robotic technology, which made it possible to significantly improve the suction properties of the trap.

Methods for making traps

In order to make an insect killer with your own hands, you will need available materials that are available in almost every home.

DIY trap

DIY Velcro

This destroyer is made from thick paper, cut into strips. Next, these strips are treated with an adhesive mass, which consists of various compositions.

To prepare the first composition you will need the following ingredients:

• rosin;
• Castor oil;
• turpentine;
• sugar.

Another composition can be used as an adhesive mass, which will require:

• pine resin;
• wax;
• linseed oil;

Such a mass can be made from other components, which include:

• glycerol;
• rosin;
• petrolatum.

To prepare the composition, all substances are placed in a vessel and melted in a water bath, and then mixed thoroughly. After the mass has cooled a little, paper strips are smeared with it, and threads are glued on top of them.

Now the finished Velcro can be hung in rooms where there is a concentration of insects, or outside, for example, in a summer kitchen.

Trap container

This insect killer is made from plastic bottle.

• The neck of a 1.5 liter bottle is cut off. In this case, the third part of the bottle is cut off.
• A composition prepared by mixing a glass of warm water, 50 g of sugar and 1 g of yeast is poured inside.
• A funnel obtained from the upper cut-off part is lowered into the container with the liquid, neck down, and pressed tightly.
• The container is wrapped in thick dark paper and placed in areas where insects are most concentrated.

This destroyer is very popular among summer residents. True, fermented jam is usually poured inside the bottle. If you hang such bottles on trees, you can protect the plants from pests.

How can such a destroyer get rid of midges, mosquitoes and horse flies? As you know, everything blood-sucking insects flock to the heat emanating from mammals. During the fermentation process of the composition of water, sugar and yeast, carbon dioxide will begin to be released.

Insects will flock to it, crawling into the hole of the funnel, and falling into sticky mass, which will become the last refuge for both mosquitoes and horseflies.

Important! For the destroyer to work effectively, it is necessary to ensure that the joints between the container itself and the funnel do not allow air to pass through. In order for insects to crawl into the funnel, carbon dioxide must come out only from it.

Container trap to reduce mosquito population

As you know, mosquitoes and midges breed in water. Based on this principle, it is possible to make a more sophisticated destroyer that will allow female insects to lay eggs, but will not allow the grown offspring to escape.

To do this, take any plastic bottle, preferably a large one, so that the water does not have time to evaporate. The neck of the bottle is cut off and four holes are drilled: two on top for attaching the handle, and two slightly below for overflow. excess water. To create the effect of a dark pond, the bottle is painted black.

Wire is inserted into the holes for the handle, and the holes for draining water are protected with screens made from scraps of window mesh.

The neck of the bottle should be wrapped with a black rag, which can be a sock, preferably a fleecy one. In this case, not only the outer part of the neck is wrapped, but also the inner one. Now the window mesh screen should be glued to the neck.

The mosquito and midge exterminator is ready for use. All that remains is to fill it with water. It should be remembered that it is flowering water that attracts insects, so it must be rainwater. Using tap water They throw some cut grass into it.

Water is poured until it begins to overflow through the overflow holes. The sock should also be thoroughly moistened with water. In this case, you must ensure that it is wet at all times.

How does such a destroyer work? Everything is simple here: mosquitoes and midges will be attracted by a dark, wet rag with standing water. They will lay their offspring in it, and when the larvae hatch, they will fall into the water, where the process of their maturation will take place. And the mesh, stretched over all the holes, will not allow the grown-up offspring to get out.

Video: Mosquito trap is the best protection in the country

The situation is similar with birth. celestial bodies. There are a number of theories regarding the birth of planets. There are also assumptions for asteroids and comets, and all of them, of course, have as their central point the attraction of particles of the protoplanetary disk to each other. After a star emerges, there are only tiny particles of dust in its accretion disk, and they have a long way to go to large stones, planetesimals, planets. This process remains a mystery, the main part of which the high-altitude interferometer helped to solve.

Computer simulations show that dust particles in the star's surroundings can stick together during collisions. However, a particle enlarged in this way, colliding with its own kind at enormous speed, is destroyed. The process stops long before reaching the size of asteroids. If for some reason the particle avoided dangerous collisions or survived them, another danger awaits it. Having increased in size, it begins to experience greater resistance when moving through the protoplanetary disk. Its orbit decreases and it eventually falls into the star. It turns out that there must be places in the disk where dust particles have a chance to grow to large sizes, after which they become harmless typical problems smaller brothers. The lifespan of such a dust trap should be hundreds of thousands of years. This is how long it takes for a large dust particle to “grow up”. After the trap ceases to exist, the particles that were in it continue to move in close orbits and decay very slowly, which favors further growth.

Images from ALMA (green - millimeter wave, 450 nm) and the Very Large Telescope (orange - infrared, 18 nm) (eso.org)

Models of such a process were proposed a long time ago, and their observational confirmation was received only a few months ago. Luck was with Ninke van der Marel, an employee of the Leiden Observatory. Of course, it was not the equipment of the ancient observatory that was used. The ALMA interferometer, recently put into operation, made it possible to observe the protoplanetary disk around the star Oph-IRS 48. The distance to the star is about 400 light years. The observations were made before the interferometer was officially launched using less than half of its constituent radio telescopes. The work was carried out in the range of 0.4–0.5 millimeters (in this range the interferometer so far has the best resolution). Previous observations of this star using the Very Large Telescope showed that dust in the disk collects in disk-shaped structures, and the first observations using a radio telescope showed that very similar holes can be seen in the gas disk, which were initially attributed to those already born in the disk planets, large asteroids or even a companion star.

“At first, the structures found in the dust cloud images came as a surprise,” says Marel. “Instead of the ring we expected to see, what appeared before us was the exact shape of a cashew nut. We had to spend a lot of time convincing ourselves that this structure was real, and the high spatial resolution and clarity of the ALMA image left no shadow of doubt. Then we quickly realized what this discovery meant.” The discovered structure is the very area where large dust particles are trapped, but protected from destruction and can continue to grow. This is an ideal dust trap from a theoretical point of view. “Apparently, what appears before our eyes is a factory for the production of comets. The conditions inside the trap are just ideal for dust to grow from tiny millimeter-sized particles to full-fledged nuclei of future comets. The formation of a full-fledged planet at such a distance from the star seems unlikely. Soon, however, the ALMA interferometer will be able to observe dust traps closer to the star, and exactly the same mechanisms should be at work there. All that remains is to wait for the discovery of the cradles of the planets in the dust.”

Dust traps form when dust particles enter areas of high pressure. Modeling showed that such areas of high pressure can be born when gas moves at the edge of an area practically devoid of it - just the same one that was discovered in the early stages of observation. “Combining modeling and observation work with a high-precision interferometer makes the work unique,” ​​says Cornelis Dulemo, a researcher at the Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics in Heidelberg, who is responsible for the theoretical part of the work. – Just at the time of obtaining observational data, we were working on models that predicted the birth of such structures. Amazing coincidence!

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Earlier this year, three Russian amateur astronomers became laureates of the international Wilson Prize. One of the most prestigious awards in astronomy is awarded for the discovery of new comets. The pioneers of space travelers are mainly large observatories with powerful telescopes. But sometimes amateurs are also lucky, whose names immediately end up in the star encyclopedia.

This message literally blew up scientific Internet sites. Amateur astronomers Artem Novichonok and Vitaly Nevsky discovered a new comet. This November it will fly close to the Sun, and its glow will be visible even during the day. Such events are very rare in astronomy. We can consider our contemporaries to be very lucky.

“When its Sun heats up, and this ice block begins to actively evaporate and envelops itself in a large cloud of gas, it will be an amazing sight,” says Vladimir Surdin, a senior researcher at the State Astronomical Institute. “It will probably be the brightest comet of the 21st century.”

In the capital of Karelia, Petrozavodsk, Artem Novichonok is an ordinary graduate student biologist at a state university. However, now his name is inscribed in history, and the found comet is on a par with such discoveries of mankind as Halley’s comet. However, Novichonok has a philosophical attitude towards this. Search for comets - gambling, and the opening is a jackpot.

“The most important thing is passion,” admits amateur astronomer Artem Novichonok. “You start searching, you get excited about it, you search further, you work hard, you come to a result.”

It’s minus 20 outside and windy, but for a true stargazer this is not a problem. And although all the great discoveries today often occur in a warm office in front of a monitor, astronomers are still drawn to freedom.

“It’s interesting for me to look not just at the computer, but also to look at the object live, where there is an asteroid, a distant galaxy, for me this dramatic component remains,” explains Artem. “You want to see it yourself.”

Artem discovered his now famous comet at an observatory in the North Caucasus. Together with the same fans from Belarus - Vitaly Nevsky. A few pictures of the starry sky in the Constellation of Gemini and - incredible luck.

“The stars are motionless. To find a comet, it is necessary to photograph some part of the sky at different intervals of time (short, it can be five minutes), and then these images are compared,” continues Artem. “The stars are motionless, and asteroids or comets move. Our the task is to understand whether it is a known object or not.”

According to statistics, more than fifty comets are discovered a year, and space is a real treasure trove of undiscovered objects. And yet, it is becoming increasingly difficult for amateur astronomers to search for tailed wanderers. It is no longer possible for individuals to compete with the world's observatories - they have to resort to tricks.

Leonid Elenin is a professional comet catcher. In history modern Russia he is the first amateur astronomer to discover a comet. In the starry sky, as in the water, there are “fishy” places.

“Basically, everyone observes in the ecliptic plane,” says Leonid. “There is the most “grain” zone where everyone works, so the probability is greater, but since there is very high competition there, you have to move further away.”

Comets - unique objects space. They appeared 4.5 billion years ago from a cloud of gas and dust, from which the Sun and planets were once born. Systems thrown to the periphery, where the maximum low temperatures, did not occur in comets chemical reactions. It turns out that they are carriers of the original substance. For astronomers, penetrating into the bowels of a comet means unraveling the mystery of the appearance of the universe itself.

“Firstly, we don’t know what’s inside the Sun; so far we have only superficially studied it,” adds Vladimir Surdin.

Scientists have made repeated attempts to penetrate the secrets of comets. In 1986, the Soviet spacecraft Vega-1 and Vega-2 approached the legendary Comet Halley, which flies near the Earth once every 75 years.

“The approach with comet Halley was very short,” says Vladimir Kurt, deputy of the Astrospace Center of the Lebedev Physical Institute. “They moved towards each other, the entire approach session lasted only 20 minutes.”

Then, for the first time, it was possible to photograph the nucleus of the legendary Comet Halley and even measure it. It turned out that the space wanderer, 15 kilometers long, looks like a burnt firebrand, from the surface of which up to 40 tons of ice per second evaporates.

Today in the scientific world there are many different versions associated with comets. For example, due to the huge amount of ice, comets are considered the main suppliers of water to the Moon and Mercury. Moreover, scientists increasingly believe that it was they who filled our planet with oceans, and, possibly, with life, with the first microorganisms. There is an assumption that the influenza virus also comes from comets. Hypotheses are still being tested.

The problem called “mosquitoes are gone” is known to each of us. Its solution is relevant not only for summer residents and residents of the private sector located near a lake or other body of water. Bloodsuckers attack apartment owners in city high-rises. Moreover, the number of floors is not a hindrance for them. Disillusioned with the advertised exterminators, craftsmen are trying to find their own method of fighting. A DIY mosquito trap is an alternative to tablets, ointments, aerosols, electronic traps and other industrial devices.

Can be made from improvised materials

The operating principle of homemade and industrial catchers is based on the physiology of mosquitoes: they are attracted to heat, the smell of urea secreted by human sweat glands, CO2 (exhaled gas) and water. A home mosquito trap does not require the purchase of expensive chemicals or motion sensors. In your household you will always find a piece of cardboard or other thick paper, castor oil (castor oil), turpentine, rosin, water and sugar. This kit can be used to make adhesive sheets or tape. The work is as follows:

• An adhesive bait solution is prepared. To do this, dissolve 3 tablespoons in 5 tablespoons of water. Sahara. The sweet liquid is heated until it boils. Stir until thickened.
• Hot sugar syrup mixed with half a glass of rosin, a quarter glass of turpentine and 100 g of castor oil until a homogeneous sticky mass is formed.
• The prepared composition is applied to cut paper strips or a whole format sheet.
• The finished trap is placed near a resting place on the street or at the entrance to a room. You can bring it into the house and watch how mosquitoes flock to the smell and stick to the paper.
• As the catcher becomes full of insects, it should be changed. Usually this is done once a week.

Attention! Another composition is used as an impregnation for paper tapes: pine resin (0.3 kg), linseed oil (0.15 kg), beeswax (0.01 kg), honey (0.05 kg).

"Ode" to a plastic bottle

Plastic containers are used in various fields in our country. After it is empty, enterprising users do not throw away the container, but create a mass useful devices for household use. So it came in handy for fighting bloodsuckers.

To make a homemade catcher you will need a bottle with a capacity of 1.5-2.0 liters, granulated sugar (0.5 cups), 5 g of yeast. The operating principle of the future device is based on attracting insects to flock to the smell of carbon dioxide. It is exhaled by humans and warm-blooded animals. This mosquito trap made from a plastic bottle attracts insects with the emitted CO2. The manufacturing algorithm is as follows.

• The plastic container is cut crosswise. There should be 2 fragments. The one that contains the cone-neck must be at least 1/3 total length vessel.
• The cone-shaped funnel is tightly inserted into the lower (bottom) part of the bottle upside down.
• The junction of both halves is sealed with tape.

The catcher design is ready. All that remains is to prepare the bait.

• Sugar dissolves in half a glass of slightly warmed water (no more than 30°C). Then the yeast is bred (you can use Saf-Moment).
• The resulting composition is mixed well and poured into the prepared plastic trap(lower bottom part).
• The level of the sweet fermenting solution should be such that the edges of the neck do not reach it.

It would be good to use dark beer or kvass bottles so that mosquitoes are not repelled by bright light. If the plastic is light, the structure is wrapped in opaque paper or mirror foil. Soon fermentation processes will begin in the installed trap, releasing an aroma and heat that attracts mosquitoes, which mosquitoes also fly towards. Having flown through a narrow neck, insects will not be able to get back out. After the fermentation process of the bait is completed (and this lasts several days), it should be replaced.

Attention! It is necessary to strictly follow the recipe when preparing the solution. If the water is not warm enough, fermentation may stop or not begin at all. And with an excess of sugar and yeast, foaming will increase: the solution will rise sharply and begin to “climb out” of the trap. In this case, remove excess foam.

Such a device is easy to construct and install in the house or on the veranda. The undoubted advantage of the trap is its ease of manufacture, autonomy and silent operation.

A simple mosquito trap can be made from a piece of gauze coated with insect glue. The treated fabric is stretched over ventilation holes and shafts. It can also be used for window openings.

A trap for insects based on UV radiation can be made from a lamp daylight power 20 W, enclosed in mesh fittings. Mesh weaving consists of two metal wires under tension. For safe servicing, the model is placed in a woven mesh case. The trap works as follows: mosquitoes are attracted ultraviolet radiation, fly towards it and come under the influence of voltage applied to the electrical grid. On the one hand, the device fights insects, and on the other, it is a source of soft, calm lighting.

Electronic device made from an economy lamp

If you are familiar with electrical engineering, then an economy class lamp with a used resource can be used for homemade design traps. You will also need a high-voltage module and a AA battery.

• The light bulb is disassembled and the necessary parts are removed.
• 2 holes are drilled into which soft aluminum wire is threaded. One end is fixed and the wire is wound in a spiral around the light bulb.
• The rest of it is bitten off.
• The same operation is performed at the other end, through another drilled hole.
• Two “original” wire ends come out of the light bulb. One of them is connected to the end of the wound aluminum wire and twists tightly on it.
• The remaining 2 terminals (from the light bulb and the aluminum wire) are connected to the module, previously connected through a switch to the battery.
• A light bulb with a high-voltage winding is placed on the connected module. This must be done so that the wiring on both parts coincides and their contact occurs.
• The resulting trap device turns on and the lamp lights up. Mosquitoes flock to its light. As soon as they sit on the body of the lamp covered with wire, they are immediately struck by a current discharge.
• A polyethylene lid is used as a tray for fallen insects. She sticks construction glue to the bottom of the lamp.
• A loop is made of wire at the top of the catcher for hanging.
• The device operates when the general light is turned off.

Night catch of mosquitoes

Well, if we’re really fed up with bloodsuckers... Our compatriot turns on the vacuum cleaner at 3 am and collects them from the walls and ceiling.

If the premises are dominated by mosquitoes, one catcher will not be enough. Strengthening the effect is achieved by placing several traps throughout all rooms in problem areas different designs. The moment of adaptation must also be taken into account. If it is discovered that the trap does not work (there are no or few insects in it), the structure or bait itself must be replaced with a new one, and after a while, return to the previous version.