Rat cage litter. Types of fillers for rodents: wood, cellulose, corn. Flax pellets and fire

Very often, people who are far from rat breeding, but have rats, make one important mistake. They use sawdust as a filler. Or worse, a newspaper! My dears, let's take a closer look at what is best for our beloved pink heels to walk on. And let's take a closer look at all the pros and cons.

Let's start the review with regular sawdust.

— Sawdust is most often used from coniferous trees, which is not recommended for rats. Very small particles can enter a rat's respiratory tract, causing it to become ill or even suffocate. Plain sawdust is never processed before packaging. This means that yours can become infected with lice-eaters, subcutaneous mites and ear mites through them. The latter is very difficult to treat. Sawdust gets wet very quickly and does not hold back the smell well. This means the cage has to be cleaned much more often. If you still do not want to replace the sawdust with another filler, then before “using” simply calcine them in the oven for a few minutes. This way you can destroy insects that are harmful to rats. The advantages are that they are quiet and low cost.

Wood granular filler.

Corn filler

— Made from corn cobs (generally has 3 different fractions). Safe for rats, absorbs well. The fine fraction is especially often recommended for rats that are elderly or have calluses on their feet. But the service life is much shorter than wood filler. And from time to time it becomes difficult to find it in stores. It also has noise, but less than that of wood.

Paper filler.

- Attention! I mean a special filler made of cellulose, and not newspapers. Forget even about them! Printing ink is very dangerous for rodents in general, and rats in particular. But the filler is very convenient for travel because it makes no noise at all. It is also logical to use it for old people and rats with corns. It will not put pressure on the paws, and small particles will not get into the wounds, if any. Completely safe for rats if they want to eat them. But personally, I didn’t like the fact that the smell doesn’t last very long. This means the cage will be cleaned more often. And the cost is not very cheap.

The question of eliminating biological odor when keeping rats is one of the most frequently asked questions. At some point in time, your beloved pet’s cage suddenly begins to exude such an unbearable aroma that all your relatives clutch their heads and cover their noses, and you don’t know how to react. What can you do to avoid this smell?

Being quite clean animals, rats pay a lot of attention to the cleanliness of their home and believe me, few of them like to live in a strong-smelling house (of course, there are exceptions in the form of unsurpassed dirties, but this is usually the exception!). Usually, various pieces of paper, rags, etc. are where the terrible biological smell accumulates. Here I can only advise not to put any papers in the animal’s cage (unless, of course, we are talking about a nursing female who has built a nest out of paper - then you will have to endure for a short time raising offspring!). Well, the fabric from which rats’ favorite hammocks are made can simply be washed more often. You just need to stock up on a sufficient number of hammocks and change them from time to time, without allowing the unpleasant smell to spread. Wooden and cardboard houses, as well as some types of plastic products (usually cheap plastic) can also accumulate quite a bad smell. By removing them from animal cages and replacing them with less “smelly” analogues, you can get rid of the unpleasant odor at least partially. Plus frequent cleaning cages and the use of fillers and odor eliminators (deodorants) recommended below can completely eliminate the problem of bad odor in the area where animal cages are located.

The litter that you put in your pet’s cage is also important. There are fillers that quite quickly begin to emit a terrifying aroma, despite all the assurances of their manufacturers that this is “a super filler and with it you will not be afraid of any animal odors”!

Once again, when using paper as a filler in an animal’s cage, you should initially be prepared for the smell to appear very quickly.

Which litter materials can be used in rat cages? I will draw from my experience with rats and try to do some review of litters.

Sawdust

Sawdust is one of the most common filler options used by owners of various rodents. They absorb odors quite well, but can cause an allergic reaction (the most common symptoms are sneezing and itching) to the smallest, dust-like particles present in any sawdust package. Therefore, a medium or large fraction of sawdust containing less dust is usually used as a filler for rats.

When using sawdust, before placing the animals in the cage, make sure that all sharp chips, which can sometimes be found in the packaging, have been removed from the sawdust. It is also not recommended to use sawdust with any artificial flavor (for example, lemon, pine, etc.).

The most famous in this category are sawdust with the trademark Vitaline .

Fillers for cat litter

The offerings in this product category are very, very diverse. These can be fillers made from mineral components, or fillers based solely on natural ingredients. To keep rats, it is necessary to use litter made exclusively from cellulose or wood. Therefore, when purchasing filler, carefully read the contents of the packages. Fillers from such brands as Amigo, UniClean, Kispis, My Beast.

Corn litter for rodents

The main disadvantage of this filler is its price. Therefore, not every rodent owner can afford to keep animals on such a filler, even if there are 1-2 pets in the cage. At more animals, the volume of litter used increases sharply, while the frequency of cage cleaning is also reduced. This filler is produced under trademarks Sanipet Profumato And Fiory with different flavors.

Pellets

There are many fans here decorative rats, and other rodents, too, might be surprised to hear what it is. Pellets are a product for heating fireplaces, stoves, etc., made from pressed wood. Maybe he doesn't look very presentable (see photo on the left), but... Of all the types of filler, I will give this product first place without hesitation, because in the few months that I have been using pellets when keeping my rats, I see only advantages in this filler.

Perhaps their biggest drawback is that you cannot buy pellets in a pet store, and in companies specializing in the sale of this product you can only buy pellets in large quantities (usually from a bag of 25 kg or more). But on the other hand, if your house contains not just one small hamster, but several rats, and maybe other pets, then such large purchases are completely justified, because they relieve you for some time from the thoughts of “running out of filler again.” .

Unlike sawdust and cat litter, pellets retain unpleasant odors much longer. This is especially true when there are many animals in a cage. The frequency of cage cleaning when keeping animals on pellets is reduced.

These are relatively new products in the pet industry, but they are in fairly constant demand among animal lovers. This category of products is available in the form of liquids and powders (the latter, by the way, I would not recommend using in rat cages).

Of the products used in this category, I would, without hesitation, give the palm to biodeodorants under the trademark DezoSan . Many other deodorants that I used to eliminate the smell in a rat’s home were clearly inferior, and some even made me question “is this a deodorant?”

When buying a rat as a pet, you need to think about the right home for it. It must be such that the animal can move freely. It is best if the home has two to four floors, each no lower than twenty centimeters. But a house that is too tall will not work either. As the animals grow older, they climb less actively and more often choose one cozy place where they stay most time. It's hard for them to climb up. In addition, the height may be unsafe; rats may fall from it and be injured. Therefore, if the cage is too high, you need to arrange the shelves so that they overlap each other. Between them you can hang hammocks for insurance.

The cage should be such that the rat can move freely around it

The distance between the rods is selected taking into account the size of the animal. For babies - no more than one centimeter, for adult, well-fed males - two and a half. The ease of use of the cage is of no small importance. You should be able to easily reach the most remote corners for cleaning. When choosing a specific model, consider its build quality.

You should not choose an aquarium as a house - it is difficult to ventilate, and at the bottom it collects carbon dioxide. An animal in such a home will feel bad and will not live long. In addition, it is difficult to clean. It is best to choose a specialized cage with metal bars and a plastic tray. Place paper or wood shavings on the bottom.

When arranging a cage, you need to divide it into several zones. One of them is reserved for sleeping. It is imperative to place at least one house or closed hammock in it. The fact is that rodents hide from their enemies, and if the pet does not have a suitable place for this, he will constantly feel danger. The psyche suffers from this - the animal becomes excitable and frightened.

House

A variety of materials are used for their manufacture, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages:

1. Wood is environmentally friendly and harmless, but it easily absorbs liquid and emits an unpleasant odor. Therefore wooden house There should be no bottom; it must be washed often and periodically replaced with a new one.
2. Cardboard is affordable, easily chewed by rats, which is why it quickly loses its quality.
3. Plywood has all the disadvantages of wood and contains glue that can be toxic.
4. Fabric - they are completely safe, but are not suitable for rats that constantly chew on surrounding objects. In addition, such a house needs to be washed often, as it gets dirty quickly.
5. Plastic – does not absorb odors and is easy to clean. It is better to choose a home made from hard plastic, since after contact with the teeth of an animal on soft material sharp pieces remain - they can damage his mouth.

Cardboard, plywood, plastic, wood, fabric are used to make cages

The house should be spacious enough for the rat to stand in it without touching its head to the ceiling.

The best option is a two-story cage with a large entrance.

Hammock

This is a hanging fabric bed. In addition, you can find wicker and knitted samples on sale. There are two types of hammock:

1. Closed - a kind of hole between two layers of material, sheltering the animal from cold or light.
2. Open - usually a single layer of fabric on which the rat can lie quietly.

Almost all rodents love hammocks, so when arranging a cage, it is advisable to think about purchasing them. Hammocks do not take up much space; they can be hung from the ceiling and not take up usable area at the bottom.

Bed

IN large cells for rats they are quite rare. This is due to the fact that they are made from fabric that quickly absorbs liquids and bad odors. In addition, the pet can chew it off, use it for the toilet or store food. But some animals love this item. Therefore, it is worth watching your little rat. Instead of a couch, you can install all kinds of baskets, boxes without a top, and other devices.

Toilet

Not all rats know how to go to the litter box. Moreover, it is almost impossible to teach them this. More often, rodents ignore this item or sleep in it. Therefore, almost all owners add filler to the bottom of the cage. But some combine both options and additionally install trays on the shelves. It can be plastic containers or corner toilets.

It is almost impossible to teach a rat to go to the litter box, so filler is poured at the bottom of the cage

The filler absorbs all the pet's waste and eliminates bad odors. The options are varied:

1. Sawdust is very popular, but it must be used carefully. Conifers cause irritation and allergies and do not hold moisture well.
2. Corn filler is harmless to the animal and easily absorbs moisture.
3. Pressed wood pellets– cope well with their main task, but when wet they immediately crumble. Granules that are too hard can damage your pet's paws.
4. Napkins and paper towels- harmless, but they need to be changed often, as rats take away the paper.
5. Paper filler - soft granules perfectly absorb liquid, but are powerless against odor and require frequent replacement.
6. Absorbent diapers are convenient and practical, but are only suitable for calm pets who do not chew anything.
7. Hay – it is not recommended to choose it, as the sharp sticks hurt the skin.

You should not choose cat litter for rats - rodents can taste them. Once in the intestines, the granules can injure it, and printing ink is highly toxic.

Dining room

Bowls and drinking bowls should be placed in this area. Pet stores offer a wide range of similar products, so choose best option very simple.

Bowls

Rat breeders usually buy a set: one bowl is intended for dry food and is always kept in the cage, the second is used for complementary feeding. Items may differ in design and installation method. The usual options are made in the form of a plate and are installed on a shelf or bottom. Bowls with fastenings are fixed to the rods. Various materials are used for manufacturing:

1. Metal - it has only one drawback - it rattles a lot. In addition, such bowls are light in weight, and the rat will constantly turn them over.
2. Plastic – not suitable for chewing animals. But it is also lightweight.
3. Ceramics, thick glass- the best option. These bowls are stable and heavy and cannot be overturned.

Drinking bowls

For water, you can use regular bowls or buy special samples at a pet store. In the first case, the contents quickly become contaminated, so the water will have to be changed at least twice a day. In hot weather, the rat will both drink and cool itself by scooping up water with its paws.

Drinkers do not allow the liquid to become contaminated, but some specimens may become jammed, which can result in the animal being left without drinking for the whole day. Therefore, it is recommended to place two drinkers in the cage. They are different:

Other accessories

What else should be in a rat's cage? Rodents love to play and explore various objects. Therefore, the home can be equipped with tunnels, labyrinths and ladders. In addition, pet stores sell all kinds of toys - walking balls, balls, running wheels. When choosing, you need to consider individual preferences pet - not all entertainment may be to his liking. You can also hang a rope and install pipes that are designed for ferrets. The main thing is that these pleasant trifles were comfortable and safe for rats.

A mineral stone or chalk must be placed in the cage to grind down the teeth. One of the unfavorable factors that adversely affects the animal is dry air, so it is advisable to buy a humidifier and install it in the room where the cage is located. When buying accessories for your rat, remember that she will try many of them on. This means that from time to time you will have to throw away damaged things and buy new ones.

Most often, for the comfortable keeping of rodents and ease of cleaning, the entire bottom area of ​​the cage is covered with filler. It absorbs pet waste and eliminates unpleasant odors.

And some individuals are so clean that they happily learn to go to the litter box, which significantly saves not only the litter itself, but also your energy spent on cleaning your favorite creature’s cage.

What litter is best to use for decorative rats?

The choice of fillers for rodents is quite diverse:

1. Sawdust. A very popular type of litter among rodent owners, but it must be used with caution. Sawdust from coniferous trees is dangerous to health: it causes pododermatitis, irritation and swelling respiratory tract. In addition, they retain moisture and odor much worse than other fillers, they scatter and generate dust.

2. Pressed wood pellets. When purchasing this type, you need to consult whether it contains conifer sawdust. When using it, it is better to place a grid in the tray so that there is no direct contact with the rodent’s skin. Hard granules can injure the paws and provoke an allergic reaction. This filler absorbs and retains odor better, but when wet it crumbles and is easily scattered by rats outside the cage.

3. Corn filler. Corn species The filler consists of crushed corn cobs. Absolutely safe for your pet’s health, even suitable for eating. Absorbs moisture well. The only drawback: it rattles quite loudly on the pallet, so it is recommended to pour it in a thick layer.

4.Napkins, paper towels, toilet paper. Using napkins, towels, toilet paper it is possible as a filler, as it is safe for the health of the animal (this only applies to unpainted species). But quite expensive. Rats tear and take away the paper, and it gets soaked very quickly. This means you will have to clean much more often.

5. Absorbent diapers. They are convenient and aesthetically pleasing, but are only suitable for calm pets who do not chew or gut everything that comes within their line of sight.

6. Paper filler. Soft paper granules absorb moisture well, but do not retain odor and must be replaced much more often than other types. Sometimes they generate dust, causing sneezing. Also suitable as a top layer on top of a noisier filler.

8. Newspapers and feline clumping And silica gel fillers, since pups can taste them. Firstly, these fillers, once in the intestines, can cause obstruction or seriously injure them, and the animal can be poisoned by printing ink. Secondly, they may be allergic to the paint and components included in the fillers.

Cage litter helps keep rats in clean and relatively hygienic conditions because... absorbs waste and neutralizes unpleasant odors to a certain extent. Unfortunately, often the wrong choice of litter and its improper use negate the pleasure of keeping rats, make life very difficult for the owner or his household, and can worsen the health of the animals. Therefore, it is very important to familiarize yourself in time with the main types of fillers, options for their use and understand what is most suitable for you and your rats.

Types of fillers

Unfortunately, it is impossible to unambiguously answer the question of which litter is best to choose for rats or, moreover, which litter is the best. Rats react differently to the same materials and litter that is ideal for one rat may cause a chronic runny nose or sores on the feet of another. But there are certain indicators or properties of fillers that make them better or worse for use in a cage; we will try to consider these properties on this page.

: sawdust, shavings, pressed (granules, pellets), wood chips;
: hay, corn, flax, cotton, grass pellets, hemp mulch (fire);
: cellulose, paper napkins/towels, office paper, newspapers;
: disposable diapers, mineral (bentonite, palygorskite, etc.), silica gel.

Wood litter for rats

Sawdust and to this day remain the most common filler. However, they are also one of the worst options, because... most often they are made from coniferous wood, and many rats react to needles in the form of irritation and inflammation of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, as well as the lungs. In addition, sawdust can be extremely fine and dusty, which additionally leads to irritation of the mucous membranes of the nose and eyes. The rat begins to porphyrinate, sneeze, and in general the joy of life becomes overshadowed by ailments, including chronic rhinitis. At the same time, sawdust from non-coniferous wood can become a good filler if the cage has a false bottom: rats cannot reach the sawdust, and the sawdust does not generate dust and does not get into the nose and eyes. In all other cases, the use of sawdust as a filler for rats is highly discouraged.

Shavings Compared to small sawdust, it has one advantage: it is larger, so it does not generate dust and does not get into the nose and eyes. Large, dust-free shavings from non-coniferous (deciduous) wood can be used either under the false bottom or simply poured into a pallet or trays. This is far from the most the best option, but it has a right to exist if the rats do not react to the presence of shavings by sneezing, porphyrin, or runny nose. It is highly not recommended to use coniferous, dusty and small shavings as filler.

Pressed wood filler on the market it is presented in granules or pellets. Pellets remain a very popular type of filler; they better than sawdust They retain moisture and odor, but they rattle, generate dust, and when completely wet, fall apart into fine dust. Pressed wood filler is convenient if the cage has a false bottom; in all other cases it is not recommended for use, because inconvenient for rats when moving, can be very traumatic for the skin of the legs and can cause pododermatitis, and in the form of dust can irritate the mucous membranes of the nose and eyes of rats. It is highly not recommended to use pine granules and pellets as filler.

Wood chips is on this moment a good alternative to all other types of filler. Please note that in pet stores it is sold as a filler for terrariums and at a relatively high price. You can also find it without any problems in hardware stores under the name “chips for smoking.” Wood chips do not generate dust or irritate mucous membranes, provided that a product made from hardwood tree. Trauma to rat paws is also within acceptable limits, however, for elderly, sick, too heavy rats or rats with a predisposition to pododermatitis, it is still not worth using this type of filler without a false bottom. For all other rats, the filler is suitable for pouring into trays and trays, as well as under the false bottom. It is definitely not recommended to use pine chips.

General recommendations: Do not use granules and pellets if you have elderly and weakened rats, rats with overweight or predisposition to pododermatitis; do not use small, coniferous, dusty, clumping or scented wood fillers; If a rat develops symptoms of a respiratory illness on wood litter (runny nose, sneezing, etc.), remove it immediately.

Vegetable litter for rats

Corn filler consists of crushed corn cobs and comes in three types - fine fraction, coarse fraction and granules. This type of filler is currently perhaps the most popular among rat breeders. Unfortunately, corn litter has a number of disadvantages: it is quite noisy, in rats with a large weight or a tendency to pododermatitis it can lead to injuries and inflammation of the skin of the feet, it is not suitable for elderly, sick and weakened rats, because It is difficult for them to move on such an unstable surface, it can cause pain when stepping on it, and some rats try to avoid it for this reason. However, he does not have negative influence on respiratory system and mucous membranes, which is why rats with chronic respiratory infections are often switched to it; it retains odors and moisture well, and the corn filler is completely safe to eat.

Linen filler There are two types: granules (pellets) and kostra (chopped plant stems). The filler has good performance in terms of moisture absorption and odor retention. Pressed flax granules have the same disadvantages as granules of any other filler: they are traumatic for the skin of the feet, turning into dust and dust when wet. The disadvantages of fires include possible dustiness and sharp parts, but this directly depends on the manufacturer. In some rats, flaxseed fillers can cause swelling of the mucous membranes, but this effect is observed in a very small number of animals.

Cotton filling has not poor performance odor retention and moisture absorption. In addition, it does not injure the skin of the feet and is not traumatic. However, it is worth paying attention to the fact that it can cause rhinitis in rats prone to inflammation of the mucous membranes or with chronic respiratory diseases. At the moment, cotton litter is quite rare on the pet products market.

Herbal granules They absorb moisture well and retain odor, but they have all the disadvantages of granules, and when wet they disintegrate into dust. If you don't replace it often enough, the filler can turn into a “grass porridge.” Not recommended for rats prone to respiratory diseases and pododermatitis.

Hemp filler in the form of a fire is enough good filler for rats, but, unfortunately, at the moment it is almost impossible to purchase it on the pet goods market of the CIS countries. Alternative option You can buy mulch at markets and in stores that provide gardening products, but in this case you need to pay attention to the quality: it should not be too dusty and uneven, mixed with debris, because this will increase its risk of injury.

General recommendations: Do not use granules and pellets if you have elderly and weakened rats, rats that are overweight or have a predisposition to pododermatitis; Such organic fillers require frequent changes during the warm season, because are a convenient environment for hatching fly larvae; dusty fillers can lead to inflammation and swelling of the mucous membranes, and sharp parts can damage the eyes of rats; do not use flavored fillers.

Paper litter for rats

Cellulose filler Suitable only for a small number of rats or for laying a second layer on top of granular litter, because In terms of odor retention, it is not up to par. The advantages of this type of filler include the fact that it does not rattle, rats like it, does not injure the feet, absorbs moisture well, however, it does not cover a large surface well and some of its varieties can be quite dusty.

Paper napkins or towels They are good for use in a cage, but they are not able to replace litter, at least on a permanent basis and for those rats that like to chew paper and drag it into their house or create “nests”. Napkins and towels have fairly poor odor/moisture retention and are easily “destroyed” by rats, so they need to be changed at least 2 times a day. But at the same time, they are hypoallergenic, ideal for use as bedding in houses, well suited for rats with respiratory diseases, sensitive mucous membranes, pododermatitis, and can be used in a cage with lactating rats. You can only use napkins and towels without patterns or dyes.

Office paper Not suitable as a filler for rats. The decisive disadvantages are the sharp edges, which can leave quite serious cuts, and poor odor and moisture retention. However, paper, torn (not cut!) into long strips, may be to the taste of rats for building nests and as an interesting activity for walking.

Newspapers magazines and other printed materials should also not be used in a cage, because in the production and application of printing inks, among other things, drying oils, phenols, formaldehyde, petroleum oils, synthetic resins, metal salts (cobalt, manganese, aluminum, iron, etc.) are used*. These substances or their traces are theoretically capable of harming the health of rats due to chronic intoxication, i.e. with regular and direct contact. It is better to avoid any contact with freshly printed products and products published before the end of the 90s: in the first case, due to fumes from printing ink, in the second, due to the use of lead salts in old pigments. In addition, newspapers and magazines are not able to sufficiently absorb and retain moisture and odors.

Inorganic fillers

Disposable diapers absorbs and retains odors/moisture very well and is especially suitable for elderly, sick and weakened rats, allowing them to be kept in hygienic conditions with a clean and dry cage. You can secure diapers both on shelves and directly in the tray using masking tape or other devices. Please note that only non-gnawing rats should be given diapers and only if they have no desire to tear apart the bedding. Unfortunately, there are known cases of death due to the inhalation of small particles of the inner layer of diapers, torn into small pieces.

Silica gel and mineral fillers with any composition (bentonite, palygorskite, etc.) cannot be used as a filler for rats, except in cases where the cage is equipped with a sufficiently high false bottom to prevent any contact of animals with the contents of the tray, and this is at least 5 cm. The entry of a mineral or silica gel filler into the gastrointestinal tract of a rat leads to its blockage and, as a result, an almost guaranteed death.

Using litter in the cage

Usually the entire surface of the pallet is covered with filler; the thickness of the layer depends on the type of filler, its properties and the number of animals. This method has its pros and cons, and, in my opinion, there are many more cons. This includes the noise of the filler when it comes to pellets or various granules, and inconvenience for the rats themselves, and the possibility of injury to the delicate skin of the hind legs, which can lead to pododermatitis (corns), and an increase in the overall negative impact on health if the filler is chosen incorrectly, for example , pine sawdust, and high price, because depending on the size of the cage, several liters of the same may be required corn filler. The advantages include a large absorbent surface, which will allow you to change the filler less frequently and, in the case of sloppy rats, provide fairly long-term protection from odor.

However, now another method is becoming increasingly popular, in which the cage tray remains unfilled (but can be covered with napkins, PVC mats, fleece), and the filler is placed only in a tray or several trays located in different places cells. It is not difficult to accustom rats to a tray; they learn on their own, but to speed up the process, you can collect and put them in trays rat excrement, found in inappropriate places in the cell. Soon the rats will understand that the trays are the place where waste is collected, and not the nearest shelf or random corners of the pallet. One of the disadvantages is the need to frequently change the filler in the trays. Keep in mind that not all rats are accustomed to using such a toilet and it is almost impossible to achieve 100% success from them. Never punish animals for mistakes!

An option with a false bottom is also possible: the middle of the false bottom is covered with some material (PVC mats, linoleum, etc.) to reduce its risk of injury to rats; the entire tray or areas in the corners of the cage with an open false bottom are filled with filler. Thus, waste products enter the filler, bypassing the closed part of the false bottom. This method also allows you to easily and simply get rid of contaminants, be it rat feces or husks from food, simply brushing them into a corner. This will make it easy to hold ground floor cages are clean, which is especially important for older rats or rats with a predisposition to pododermatitis.

Of course, it is also possible various combinations the above options. For example, trays on shelves have proven themselves well in large cages, even when the tray is full: the rat no longer needs to run about its business with top floor to the bottom, just look at the nearest shelf with a toilet.

* Berezin B.N.: Synthetic polymers in printing; Pochinok A.P.: Encyclopedia on occupational safety and health T3; Knop A., Sheib V.: Phenolic resins and materials based on them; Gordon C. Miller: Printing and printing; V.A. Kabanov: Encyclopedia of polymers.

Lyricist Katharina From. Photo provided by Lyudmila Khludova. For assistance in writing the article, I thank the candidate of chemistry. sciences Maria Musalova, Olga Yudicheva, administration of the “Decorative Rats” group.