The most popular words with accents at the Olympiads. Correct stress in words. How to put accents correctly

bartender

Barrel

water pipeline, gas pipeline, garbage pipeline, oil pipeline, But: electrical wire

agreement (and agreements)

blinds

envious

catalog

quarter

more beautiful

cooking and cooking ( both options are equal)

marketing

masterfully

extended

newborn

security

facilitate

open

loop (loop - appropriate in everyday speech)

You call, they call, they call

pullover

beet

dancer, dancer

cottage cheese and cottage cheese ( both options are equal)

tiramisu

Cakes

Immediately

shoe

phenomenon

scoop

What is written with a pen...

The tricky thing about all the rules and lists is that they don’t stay in your head: read it and forget it. There are several ways to remember useful information, in our case – words with the correct accents.

#singing now. A word that is difficult for you needs to be said out loud, clearly, several times (you can also sing it) and... in front of witnesses. Let your friends or colleagues support you and join your impact flash mob with their problematic words (“Venice is more beautiful than Paris, more beautiful, more beautiful, more beautiful than Paris”, “They call me, they call me”, “my boyfriend is a barman, barman, barman”). This is our psychology: what we do not do alone is better remembered.

#wonderfulmoment. For those who have a developed imagination, it is easiest to involve associations and images associated with it in the task of memorizing any information. For example, healthy vegetable beets, and the rosy-cheeked grandmother Fyokla sells them. And an excellent marketing specialist knows everything about how to maintain a brand!

#graphomania. Remember how in school, studying foreign language, we composed dialogues and stories with new words, selected rhymes for them, or came up with funny poems? The principle also works for the great and mighty, you just need to give free rein to your imagination! There are a lot of ready-made cheat sheets floating around the Internet, take note: “We ate cakes for a long time - the shorts didn’t fit”, “Don’t bring us curtains, we will hang blinds”, “Phenomenon rings on Wednesdays, having accepted a contract for years”, “The bell ringer rings, they ring ring the bell so that you can remember correctly!”

And, of course, dictionaries and reference books will always help out: a spelling dictionary, an orthoepic dictionary (translated from ancient Greek “orthoepia” means correct pronunciation), a dictionary of accents. Online resources will not let you down either: the portals Gramota.ru (be sure to look at the “Memos” section) and gramma.ru, Yandex.Dictionaries, the site orfogrammka.ru - which, unlike printed publications, are always at hand thanks to the ubiquitous Internet. Let's speak beautifully!

A.P. Chekhov once famously said: “In fact, for an intelligent person, speaking poorly should be considered as indecent as not being able to read and write.” And one cannot but agree with this. A person learns to speak from the first days of his life: first, he isolates his name from the general cacophony of surrounding sounds, then the words that are pronounced most often. Later, the child begins to reproduce words, repeating them exactly as he hears from loved ones.

But, unfortunately, not everything we learn from others corresponds to the norms native language! Science is here to help you understand the rules of pronunciation orthoepy(Greek orthos- “correct” and epos- “word”), one of the sections of which is the study of stress placement in Russian speech.

Words with accents to remember

Take a look at the spelling dictionary and you will be surprised to discover how many mistakes we all make in our everyday speech! Here and there we hear every day the ugly: “p ABOUT got it", "looked up I la", "sn I la."

Cake A x or t ABOUT mouths

But, you just have to remember one simple rule: In feminine verbs in the past tense, the ending –a becomes stressed. Remember and enjoy the correct pronunciation of words such as: got it A, stripped off A, took A, lied A, lied A, waited A, drove A, perceived A, called A .

There are not many exceptions to remember: Art. A la, sl A la, cr A la, cl A la and all words with the prefix You-(you drink - in Y saw, in Y no - in Y zero).

Another pitfall was the use of nouns in plural. Here the error awaits us even at the stage of formation of the plural. For some reason, many people turn the word “Dogov” ABOUT p" to "agreement A", and "professor" and "doctor" turn into monstrous "professor A" and "doctor A" In fact, everything " easier than steamed turnips»:

Most masculine nouns take the ending -ы in the plural.
The ending -ы is always unstressed!

Do you remember? Now you shouldn't have any problems with words like: aerop ABOUT rt – aerop ABOUT mouths, prof E quarrel - prof E quarrels, d ABOUT ctor - d ABOUT ctors, bow – b A nts, scarf - sh A rf, dogov ABOUT r – dogov ABOUT ry, elevator - l AND ft, cake – t ABOUT mouths, buhg A lter – buhg A lters

We are all proud that the Russian language is rightfully considered one of the richest languages in the world. But penetration into speech foreign words– an inevitable and completely natural phenomenon. Few people know that in the true Russian language there are no words beginning with the letter “ A «.

Most words starting with the first letter of the alphabet AND that one is of Greek origin, and some came to us from Turkic (for example: watermelon, arshin, argamak). The fashion for the use of French among representatives of the upper classes, which began during the reign of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna and ended during the period Napoleonic wars, enriched our speech with a huge number of Gallicisms.

The current generation is observing how the Russian language is actively enriched with words of English origin. Alien words that have settled in our dictionaries, for the most part, retain stress in their usual place.

Thus, French borrowings are characterized by stress falling on the last syllable, while Latin ones - on the penultimate one. Correct accents in words foreign origin It’s best to check in dictionaries, but those words that have become firmly established in our everyday life need to be remembered: alphabet AND t, apostrophe ABOUT f, def AND s, blinds AND , rolled ABOUT g, necrol ABOUT g, quart A l, desk E r, esp E rt, fet AND w, f ABOUT rzats, fax AND mile.

You should also remember the norms for placing stress in the following adjectives: to U honny, sl AND vovy, gr U sewn, stolen AND English, Mosa AND private, wholesale ABOUT how long ago AND shny.

The most popular words with accents at the Olympiads

Learning how to place accents correctly can be a exciting activity. Often, just knowing the rules of the Russian language is not enough. Many accents need only be remembered by referring to special spelling dictionaries.

When preparing high school students for passing the Unified State Exam Usually, up to 500 of the most common word forms are offered for study, which can cause difficulties with the correct placement of stress, but their number is not limited to this. Studying stress norms is a labor-intensive process, but the result can exceed all expectations: our speech will not be full of illiterate “voices.” I la", "pr ABOUT cents", "contract A“, which means we will not be ashamed in front of the classics of Russian literature.

For task No. 4 “Orthoepic norms”

Rules for placing stress in nouns.

1. Words of foreign origin, as a rule, in the Russian language they retain the place of stress that they had in the source language. IN English language stress is most often on the first syllable, while in French it is on the last.
Therefore, English borrowings sound like this:
GENESIS, MARKETING, MANAGEMENT, PORTER;
and the French ones are like this:
engraver, dispensary, blinds, rubber, parterre, music stand, chassis.

2. In words denoting measures of length and ending in -meter, stress falls on the last syllable:
kilometer, centimeter, millimeter, decimeter.

3. B difficult words with the second part -the wire at general meaning“a device for transporting any substance or energy” emphasis falls on the root -water- :
Gas line, water line, garbage line, light line.
BUT: electric wire, electric drive.

4. In words ending in -log, the stress falls, as a rule, on the last syllable: dialogue, catalogue, monologue, obituary.

5. B verbal nouns the place of stress is preserved, which is in the original verb from which they are formed:
(faith) confess – religion
provide - provision.

6. In some nouns the stress is fixed and remains on the root in all cases:
AIRPORT – airports
bow – bows – with bows
accountant – accountant
X - with X - X - X
CRANE - taps
Lecturer – lecturers – lecturers
cake – with cake – cakes – cakes
Scarf - scarf - scarves - scarves.

7. In a noun darling the emphasis falls on the root. In all words formed from this word, the emphasis on -BAL- DOES NOT fall:
pampered, pampered, pampered, pampered, spoiled, pampered.

Rules for placing stress in adjectives.
1. Some adjectives have the same stress as the original nouns from which they are formed:
plum – plum
kitchen – kitchen
SORREL - sorrel.

2. The stressed syllable of the full form of some adjectives remains percussive and in short form:
beautiful – beautiful – beautiful – beautiful – beautiful
unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable.

3. In some frequency adjectives with movable stress it falls on the root in its full form - singular and plural; and also in the short form - in the masculine and neuter gender. In the short form of the feminine gender, the emphasis goes to the ending:
right - right - right - right - right
slim - slim - slim - slim - slim.

4. If the emphasis in the short form of the feminine gender falls on the ending, then in the comparative form it will be on the suffix -E- or- HER-:
sick - sicker, strong - stronger, slimmer - slimmer.
If the emphasis in the feminine gender is on the base, then to a comparative degree it remains there:
beautiful - more beautiful, sad - sadder.

Rules for placing stress on verbs.

1. Emphasis in past tense verbs usually falls on the same syllable as the infinitive:
walk - walked, walked
hide - hid, hid.

2. In another group of verbs, the stress in all forms is fixed, and in the feminine gender of the past tense it moves to the ending:
take - took, took, took, took
lie - lied, lied, lied, lied.
took, took, poured in, burst in, perceived, recreated, drove, chased, got, got, waited, waited, occupied, locked, locked, called, called, lilA, lilA, lied, overstrained, called, poured, picked, started, drenched, hugged, overtook, stripped, departed, gave, recalled, responded, poured, called, poured, understood, arrived, tore, removed, created, tore, removed.

3. Verbs put, steal, sneak, send, send, send accent in form feminine past tense DOES NOT fall on the ending, but remains based on:
put, stole, stole, sent, sent, sent.
The exception is verbs with percussion attachment YOU-, which always takes over the accent:
lila - poured out, stole - stole.

4. B verbs ending in -IT, when conjugating, the emphasis falls on the endings: -ISH, -IT, -IM, -ITE, -AT/-YAT:
turn on - turn on, turn on, turn on, turn on, turn on
hand over - hand over, hand over, hand over, hand over, hand over over
get through - get through, get through, get through, get through, get through
bleed - bleed, bleed, bleed, bleed, bleed.
Verbs are conjugated using the same pattern:
call, exclude, endow, tilt, mess up, call, ease, encourage, encourage, borrow, surround, repeat, call back, call, drill, strengthen, pinch.

5. In the following verbs ending in –IT, the accent does NOT fall on the ending:
to vulgarize - to vulgarize
inquire - you will inquire.

6. In verbs, formed from adjectives, the emphasis most often falls on -IT:
fast - to speed up, sharp - to aggravate, light - to ease, vigorous - to encourage, deep - to deepen.
BUT: verb Angry, formed from the adjective evil, does not obey this rule.

7. B reflexive verbs The emphasis in the past tense form often shifts to the ending or suffix (in masculine past tense verbs):
begin – began, began, began, began
accepted - accepted, accepted, accepted, accepted.

Rules for placing accents in participles.

1.In active past participles with suffix -VSH- the stress, as a rule, falls on the same vowel that appears in the word before this suffix:
light up Vsh yay, nali Vsh oh, look Vsh yy.

2. In passive past participles formed from verbs bend, bend, bend the emphasis falls on the prefix:
bent, curved, bent.

3. In short passive feminine past participles the accent falls on the ending:
busy, locked, populated, acquired, poured, encouraged, removed, created.

4. If the stress in the full form falls on the suffix -YONN- , then in short form it is stored only in masculine, and in other forms it goes to the ending:
included – included, included, included, included
delivered - delivered, delivered, delivered, delivered
populated - populated, populated, populated, populated.
Participles change according to the same scheme:
endowed, brought down, encouraged, disabled, repeated, divided, tamed.

5. IN full forms participles with suffix -T- formed from verbs with suffixes -ABOUT- And -WELL- In the infinitive, the stress falls one syllable forward:
polo - polo T y, prick - kOlo T oh, bend - bend T oh, wrap it up - I’ll wrap it up T y.

Rules for placing stress in gerunds.

1. Participles often have stress on the same syllable as in the infinitive of the verb from which they are formed:
set - having set, fill - fill, occupy - having taken, begin - having started, raise - having raised, undertake - undertaken, create - created.

2. In participles with a suffix -VSH-, -VSHI- the stress falls on the vowel that comes before these suffixes in the word:
STARTED V, otA V, raise V, profit V,beginning lice s.

Rules for placing stress in adverbs.

1. To the console BEFORE- The stress falls in the following adverbs:
to the top, to the bottom, to the dryness.
BUT: dobela, dobela.
2. To the console BEHIND- the emphasis falls in the words:
beforehand, after dark, before light.
BUT: to envy is envious.

An important part of linguistics is orthoepy - the science that studies pronunciation. It is she who answers the question of how to correctly place emphasis in different cases. Without knowledge of this, competent oral speech is impossible. An incorrectly placed emphasis not only makes a person look funny in the eyes of his interlocutors, but also seriously complicates the communication process, because the word can ultimately change its meaning... Our article is devoted to the topic “ Correct accents in words". putting emphasis, we will look at it in more detail in this publication.

Word stress is the emphasis on one of the syllables of a word using the voice. Pronouncing a stressed vowel requires special tension in the organs of speech and phonation. Syllable pronounced with greatest strength, is called shock.

In addition to verbal stress, there is also syntagmic stress (emphasizes a certain word as part of a syntagma), phrasal (emphasizes syntagma in a phrase) and logical (emphasizes a word to emphasize its semantic dominance over others in a given context).

Types of word stress

Verbal stresses also have their own subtypes. The division is carried out taking into account what means and methods of production are used in a particular language. This is how they distinguish:

It should be noted that several acoustic means can be combined in the same stress. In addition, in different words of the same sentence, stress may appear more pronounced and vice versa.

Indication of stress on a letter

In addition to the production features, there are also different ways designations. For example, in the international phonetic alphabet, stress is indicated by a vertical bar or a line on top before a syllable. In Russian, it is sometimes indicated by the sign “akut”, which is placed above. In English, a stroke is placed at the end of the word being stressed. In some dictionaries, stress is indicated by a combination of bold and

Accent in Russian

Stressed syllables in the Russian language have a longer pronunciation compared to other parts of the word. But the height of the highlighted vowel can change. Among the world's languages there are many where stress is a stable and fixed thing. Like, for example, the French, who always highlight the last syllable in a word if it is pronounced separately. And in the whole phrase, all except the final words are unstressed. Only the last syllable of the rhythmic group (actually, the phrase) is highlighted.

There are no such patterns in Russian. The stress can fall on any syllable. Moreover, it can change in word forms. Therefore, placing accents correctly is not always easy. Especially for a person who is not a native speaker.

Who is having difficulties?

Of course, for a person who was born and raised among native speakers of the literary Russian language, surrounded entirely by teachers, writers, university professors and other representatives of the intelligentsia, big problems with accents will never arise. But are there many such people? Russia is huge, people live in it a large number of nationalities communicating either in Surzhik or in their own dialects or languages. They have a hard time with literary speech.

And it’s even more difficult for Russian-speaking people living outside of Russia, where the influence of other languages is strong. Well, of course, foreigners who come to the Russian Federation to work or for permanent residence often do not understand at all how to correctly put emphasis in a particular word. After all, there are no norms that determine the pattern of its arrangement in the Russian language as such!

Way out

What should a person do if he wants to place the correct emphasis on words? put them in one case or another? If we are talking about a foreigner who moved to Russia, then communication with the indigenous population will help him (but not with the porters at the station, of course). You need to look for relevant areas, listen and remember. TV and radio stations are great help in this matter. As a rule, media administration monitors the literacy of its staff.

People living outside the Russian Federation will need a spelling dictionary or reference book, where they can always check the correct pronunciation. In addition, today there are all sorts of programs and Internet resources that help you quickly master literary Russian.

But problems arise not only for the above categories of citizens. Native Russians, who by and large know how to speak competently, also sometimes face a dilemma and do not know how to place the correct emphasis on words. How to put them correctly, for example, in foreign terms? Difficulties often arise with words that were previously pronounced one way, but are now pronounced differently... There are not many of them at all - about several dozen. But some are so deeply rooted in their delusion that even a linguist professor may have certain doubts!

Correct stress in words: how to correctly put stress in the word “calls”?

Probably the most textbook example The incorrect pronunciation is the word "ringing". No matter how hard teachers try, no matter how hard comedians make fun of the ignorant, the mistake in the mouths of the people continues to live on. Well, our population doesn’t want to learn by heart how to put the correct emphasis in the word “calling”!

This may be due to the fact that in many literary works, old films, etc. the pronunciation of this word did not correspond to modern standards. And linguists are even thinking about whether they should meet the masses halfway and correct the rule? But so far this has not happened (and it is unknown whether this will be done in the future), and the word “calls” must be emphasized correctly. It falls on the second syllable. And nothing else.

Curd problem

Difficulties often arise with the word “cottage cheese”. Some pronounce it with emphasis on the first “o”, others - on the second... And this has historical explanation. Because the term denoting this fermented milk product, V different time pronounced differently.

In the dictionaries of the nineteenth century, the norm is fixed, where the second syllable is stressed. And the famous linguist Dahl insists on the first. Over the past century, people persistently used both variants, and in the end linguists agreed that in the case of the word “cottage cheese” the correct stress would not be fixed. In principle, both one type of pronunciation and the other are considered correct. Both "o"s can be stressed.

Applies only Everyday life. And in official speeches of politicians, speeches of journalists, etc., it is preferable to use “cottage cheese” with the emphasis on the second syllable.

These words should be memorized

In addition to the two mentioned above, there are a number of words in the Russian language in the pronunciation of which errors are traditionally made. The following is a list of correct accents that you just need to memorize.

Airport - stress on the fourth syllable.
Pamper - on the last syllable.
Turn on - stress on the second syllable.
Development - on the second syllable.
Money - emphasis on the second syllable.
The agreement is on the last syllable.
Absolutely - stress on the second syllable.
Blinds - on the last syllable.
Cork - stress on the second syllable.
Stroke - on the second syllable.
Catalog - stress on the last syllable.
Quarter - on the last syllable.
More beautiful is the emphasis on the second syllable.
Providing - stress on the third syllable.
Lighten - on the last syllable.
On Wednesdays - emphasis on the last syllable.
Having accepted - on the second syllable.
Beet - stress on the first syllable.
Plum - on the first syllable.
Cakes - stress on the first syllable.
Phenomenon - on the second syllable.
Petition - stress on the second syllable.
Scoop - on the first syllable.
Sorrel - stress on the second syllable.

This list can be titled as follows: “Speak correctly - put the emphasis in in the right places- and hang it above your desk. Or above the bed to repeat before bed. Or on the bathroom mirror to start each morning off right. For quick effect It is advisable not just to read the words to yourself, but also to pronounce them out loud. And loud. And several times. It will only take a couple of weeks (and for some, maybe even days), and the correct pronunciation will harmoniously fit into spoken language. The main thing is desire, just a little effort - and everything will work out!