Nobel Prize winner A.A. Abrikosov. Nobel laureate, academician Alexei Aprikosov has passed away

On Thursday, March 30, it became known about the death of the famous Soviet physicist, Nobel Prize winner in physics Alexei Alekseevich Abrikosov. His death was announced by former Minister of Education Dmitry Livanov, who called himself a student of the famous scientist.

Abrikosov was born on June 25, 1928 in Moscow into a family of pathologists. Graduated high school in 1943, and in 1945 he decided to study physics at the Physics Faculty of Moscow State University.

At the age of 19, he passed Lev Landau's theoretical minimum, and a year later he graduated with honors.

A year later he defended his Ph.D. thesis, and at just 27 years old he became a Doctor of Physics and Mathematics. Sci. In the early 50s, together with Landau and Khalatnikov, Abrikosov published a fundamental work called the “Moscow Zero”. The new calculation methods constructed in it were later used to solve problems of statistical physics. And the book “Methods of Quantum Field Theory in Statistical Physics” written with Gorkov and Dzyaloshinsky has become a reference book for many theorists around the world.

In 1957, Abrikosov formulated the concept of type II superconductivity and built a theory of the magnetic properties of these substances - a work that became one of the most cited in the scientific literature. The physicist's later works were devoted to the analysis of high-frequency properties of superconductors, the study of the properties of magnetic impurities, and the discovery of gapless superconductivity.

In the 1960s, Abrikosov began to study the theory of normal metals, semimetals and semiconductors. Today, these works have become relevant in the light of the discovery of graphene and its unique properties.

In the 1970-1980s, the scientist was engaged in creating the theory of quasi-one-dimensional systems, studied the properties of spin glasses, and was engaged in organizational and pedagogical work at the Landau Institute of Theoretical Physics, of which he himself was one of the founders. In 1988, Abrikosov became director of the department of theoretical physics at MISiS, and in the same year he published the textbook “Fundamentals of the Theory of Metals,” written on the basis of courses he taught at Moscow State University, MISiS and MIPT.

In 1991, Abrikosov accepted a job offer at Argonne National Laboratory and immigrated to the United States. There he continued to engage in scientific activities.

“I saw that the Russian economy was clearly going down. I had no doubt that the first victim of this would be fundamental science, which does not bring in any income,” Abrikosov recalled. —

By that time, some of my colleagues had already gone abroad and worked successfully, including in the States. So I was far from the first. First I tried to find out if there were opportunities for me to work in the USA. If they weren’t there, I wouldn’t go anywhere. Secondly, the political situation was unstable. Clearly some kind of conspiracy was brewing, I clearly felt it. And I understood: if it was successful, the borders would be closed again and then it would be too late.”

At Argonne National Laboratory, Abrikosov was able to explain most of the properties of high-temperature cuprate-based superconductors and established a new effect (the effect of linear quantum magnetic resistance) in 1998. “Analysis of experimental data showed that this effect was discovered by Peter Kapitsa in 1928, but was confused with another phenomenon,” Abrikosov himself wrote in his autobiography for the Nobel Committee website.

The Nobel Prize for "fundamental work on the theory of superconductors and superfluids" was awarded to Alexei Abrikosov, along with Vitaly Ginzburg and the British-American physicist Sir Anthony Leggett.

Abrikosov was the winner of many state and international awards, including the Lenin Prize (1966), the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, and the Landau Prize. In 2015, he was awarded the Vernadsky Medal of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.

“I did the work for which I was awarded in the 50s, and Ginzburg and Landau - in 1950. All three of us are united not only by the similarity of the topic, but also by the fact that we, as they say, did not receive these awards on time. So the committee, apparently, decided to correct the situation,” this is how Abrikosov commented on the Nobel Prize being awarded to him.

“I have always been inspired by experimentation. Some experimental facts that seemed strange, that cannot be quickly explained, and the like. Yes, I am very closely associated with the experiment. Neither with mathematics, nor with models, but only with experimental data,” said the scientist.

In 2013, Abrikosov joined the so-called July 1st Club, an informal association of scientists who opposed the reform of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Abrikosov was married three times and is survived by two sons and a daughter.

Nobel Prize in Physics 2003 For pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids
Alexey Alekseevich Abrikosov - Soviet and American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate in physics (2003), academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences. The main work was done in the field of condensed matter physics.

Alexey Abrikosov - Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1964), Honorary Doctor of the University of Lausanne (1975), Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1987), Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Sciences and Arts (1991), Member of the American Physical Society ( 1992), Member of the US National Academy of Sciences (2000), Foreign Fellow of the Royal Society of London (2001)
Alexey Alekseevich Abrikosov was born on June 25, 1928 in Moscow. After graduating from school in 1943, he began to study energy engineering, but in 1945 he moved on to study physics. After receiving his diploma in 1948, he wrote his PhD thesis under the supervision of Landau at the Institute of Physical Problems in Moscow and defended it in 1951. The topic of the thesis was “Thermal diffusion in fully and partially ionized plasmas.” After his defense, he remained at the institute and defended his doctoral work in 1955 on the topic of high-energy quantum electrodynamics. In 1965, he became head of the department of theoretical continuum physics at the newly founded Institute of Theoretical Physics. In 1975, Abrikosov became an honorary doctor at the University of Lausanne.

In 1991, he accepted an invitation from the Argonne National Laboratory in Illinois and moved to the United States. In 1999, he accepted American citizenship. Abrikosov is a member of various famous institutions, for example. US National Academy of Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences, Royal Scientific Society and American Academy of Sciences and Arts.

In addition to his scientific activities, he also taught. First at Moscow State University - until 1969. From 1970 to 1972 at Gorky University and from 1976 to 1991 he headed the department of theoretical physics at the Physics and Technology Institute in Moscow. In the USA he taught at the University of Illinois (Chicago) and at the University of Utah. In England he taught at the University of Lorborough.

Abrikosov is married. Has two sons and a daughter.

Abrikosov, together with Zavaritsky, an experimental physicist from the Institute of Physical Problems, discovered when testing the Ginzburg-Landau theory new class superconductors - superconductors of the second type. This new type superconductors, unlike superconductors of the first type, retain their properties even in the presence of strong magnetic field(up to 25 Tesla). Abrikosov was able to explain such properties, developing the reasoning of his colleague Vitaly Ginzburg, by the formation of a regular lattice of magnetic lines that are surrounded by ring currents. This structure is called the Abrikosov Vortex Lattice.

Abrikosov also worked on the problem of the transition of hydrogen into the metallic phase inside hydrogen planets, high-energy quantum electrodynamics, superconductivity in high-frequency fields and in the presence of magnetic inclusions (at the same time, he discovered the possibility of superconductivity without a stop band) and was able to explain the Knight shift at low temperatures by taking into account the spin- orbital interaction. Other works were devoted to the theory of non-superfluid ³He and matter at high pressures, semimetals and metal-insulator transitions, the Kondo effect at low temperatures(at the same time he predicted the Abrikosov-Sul resonance) and the construction of semiconductors without a stop band. Other studies focused on one-dimensional or quasi-one-dimensional conductors and spin glasses.

In 2003, he, jointly with Ginzburg and Leggett, received the Nobel Prize in Physics for “fundamental work on the theory of superconductors and superfluids.”
Main works:

Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (now Russian Academy Sciences) since 1964
Lenin Prize, 1966
Fritz London Prize, 1972
Honorary Doctor of the University of Lausanne, 1975
Order of the Badge of Honor, 1975
Order of the Red Banner of Labor, 1988
USSR State Prize, 1982
Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (now the Russian Academy of Sciences) since 1987.
Landau Prize, 1989
John Bardeen Award, 1991
Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1991
Member of the US National Academy of Sciences, 2000
Foreign Fellow of the Royal Society of London, 2001
Nobel Prize in Physics, 2003

In the United States, the famous Soviet and Russian physicist Alexei Abrikosov, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in 2003, died at the age of 88.

On March 29, the famous Soviet physicist, USSR State Prize laureate and Nobel laureate Alexei Abrikosov died in America at the age of 89.

This was announced by the former Minister of Education and Science of Russia Dmitry Livanov.

The physicist received the Nobel Prize in 2003 together with Vitaly Ginzburg and Anthony Leggett for “fundamental work on the theory of superconductors and superfluids.” At the presentation, he spoke of his immense happiness at becoming one of the representatives of Russia awarded this high award.

Since 1991 he lived in the USA.

Parents are famous Soviet pathologists.

Father - Alexey Ivanovich Abrikosov, head of the department of pathological anatomy of the medical faculty of Moscow University (since 1930 - First Moscow Medical Institute), academician.

Mother - Fani Davidovna Wulf, head of the pathology department and chief dissector of the Kremlin hospital. After graduating from school in 1943, he began studying energy engineering, but in 1945 he switched to studying physics. His teacher in physics was L. D. Landau.

At the age of 19, Abrikosov passed the “theoretical minimum” and in 1948 he graduated with honors from the Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University. Under the guidance of L.D. Landau, he wrote his thesis on “Thermal diffusion in fully and partially ionized plasmas” and defended it in 1951 at the Institute of Physical Problems in Moscow. At the same time, his parents were suspended from working at the Kremlin hospital during a campaign against so-called saboteur doctors.

After his defense, he worked at the Institute of Physical Problems and in 1955 (at the age of 27) defended his doctoral work on high-energy quantum electrodynamics.

In 1965-1988 - at the Institute of Theoretical Physics. L. D. Landau of the USSR Academy of Sciences, of which he was one of the founders.

In 1975 he was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Lausanne.

From 1988 to 1991 he headed the Institute of High Pressure Physics in Troitsk.

Taught: until 1969 - at Moscow State University; in 1970-1972 - at Gorky State University; in 1972-1976 he headed the department of theoretical physics at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology; in 1976-1991 he headed the department of theoretical physics at MISiS in Moscow.

In 1988, Abrikosov published the fundamental textbook “Fundamentals of the Theory of Metals,” written on the basis of his lectures at Moscow State University, MIPT and MISiS.

In 1991, he accepted an invitation from the Argonne National Laboratory in Illinois and immigrated to the United States. According to Academician G. A. Zavarzin, in parting he expressed his hostility towards the Russian people at the general meeting of the Academy of Sciences.

In the USA he taught at the University of Illinois and the University of Utah. In England he taught at Loughborough University.

In 1999 he accepted American citizenship. He was a member of various scientific institutions, including the US National Academy of Sciences, the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Royal Society of London and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

He was married three times and raised two sons and a daughter. Third wife - Svetlana Yuryevna Bunkova, born in 1977.

Scientific achievements of Alexey Abrikosov:

Together with Nikolai Zavaritsky, an experimental physicist from the Institute of Physical Problems, when testing the Ginzburg-Landau theory, he discovered a new class of superconductors - type II superconductors. This new type of superconductor, unlike type I superconductors, retains its properties even in the presence of a strong magnetic field (up to 25 Tesla). Abrikosov was able to explain such properties, developing the reasoning of his colleague Vitaly Ginzburg, by the formation of a regular lattice of magnetic lines that are surrounded by ring currents. This structure is called an “Abrikosov vortex lattice.”

Abrikosov also worked on the problem of the transition of hydrogen into the metallic phase inside hydrogen planets, high-energy quantum electrodynamics, superconductivity in high-frequency fields and in the presence of magnetic inclusions (at the same time, he discovered the possibility of superconductivity without a stop band) and was able to explain the Knight shift at low temperatures by taking into account the spin- orbital interaction. Other works were devoted to the theory of non-superfluid 3He and matter at high pressures, semimetals and metal-insulator transitions, the Kondo effect at low temperatures (he also predicted the Abrikosov-Suhl resonance) and the construction of semiconductors without a stop band. Other studies focused on one-dimensional or quasi-one-dimensional conductors and spin glasses.

Together with N. B. Brant, E. A. Svistova and S. M. Chudinov he made scientific discovery“The phenomenon of phase transitions of matter in a magnetic field,” which is included in the State Register of Discoveries of the USSR under No. 156 with priority dated June 25, 1967.

At the Argonne National Laboratory, he was able to explain most of the properties of high-temperature superconductors based on cuprate and established in 1998 a new effect (the effect of linear quantum magnetic resistance), which was first measured back in 1928 by P. Kapitza, but was never considered as an independent effect. In 2003, together with V.L. Ginzburg and E. Leggett, he received the Nobel Prize in Physics for “fundamental work on the theory of superconductors and superfluids.”

He was a member of the editorial boards of the journals “Theoretical and Mathematical Physics”, “Reviews on High-Temperature Superconductivity”, and the editorial board of the “Kvant” library (Nauka publishing house).

Bibliography of Alexey Abrikosov:

1961 - Abrikosov A. A., Gorkov L. P., Dzyaloshinsky I. E. Methods of quantum field theory in statistical physics;
1987 - Abrikosov A. A. Fundamentals of the theory of metals: Training manual;
2006 - Abrikosov A. A., Gorkov L. P., Dzyaloshinsky I. E. Methods of quantum field theory in statistical physics.

(June 25, 1928, Moscow) - Russian physicist (US citizen since 1999), Nobel Prize laureate in physics (2003). The main work was done in the field of condensed matter physics.

A. A. Abrikosov was born on June 25, 1928 in Moscow. After graduating from school in 1943, he began to study energy engineering, but in 1945 he moved on to study physics. After receiving his diploma in 1948, he wrote his PhD thesis under the supervision of Landau at the Institute of Physical Problems in Moscow and defended it in 1951. The topic of the thesis was “Thermal diffusion in fully and partially ionized plasmas.” After his defense, he remained at the institute and defended his doctoral work in 1955 on the topic of high-energy quantum electrodynamics. In 1965, he became head of the department of theoretical continuum physics at the newly founded Institute of Theoretical Physics. In 1975, Abrikosov became an honorary doctor at the University of Lausanne.

Abrikosov is married. Has two sons and a daughter.

Scientific achievements

Abrikosov, together with Zavaritsky, an experimental physicist from the Institute of Physical Problems, discovered, while testing the Ginzburg-Landau theory, a new class of superconductors - superconductors of the second type. This new type of superconductor, unlike the first type of superconductor, retains its properties even in the presence of a strong magnetic field (up to 25 Tesla). Abrikosov was able to explain such properties, developing the reasoning of his colleague Vitaly Ginzburg, by the formation of a regular lattice of magnetic lines that are surrounded by ring currents. This structure is called the Abrikosov Vortex Lattice.

Abrikosov also worked on the problem of the transition of hydrogen into the metallic phase inside hydrogen planets, high-energy quantum electrodynamics, superconductivity in high-frequency fields and in the presence of magnetic inclusions (at the same time, he discovered the possibility of superconductivity without a stop band) and was able to explain the Knight shift at low temperatures by taking into account the spin- orbital interaction. Other works were devoted to the theory of non-superfluid ³He and matter at high pressures, semimetals and metal-insulator transitions, the Kondo effect at low temperatures (he also predicted the Abrikosov-Soul resonance) and the construction of semiconductors without a stop band. Other studies focused on one-dimensional or quasi-one-dimensional conductors and spin glasses.

In 2003, he, jointly with Ginzburg and Leggett, received the Nobel Prize in Physics for “fundamental work on the theory of superconductors and superfluids.”

Awards

Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (today the Russian Academy of Sciences) since 1964.

Lenin Prize in 1966

Honorary Doctor of the University of Lausanne, 1975

USSR State Prize, 1972

Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (today the Russian Academy of Sciences) since 1987.

Landau Prize, 1989

John Bardeen Award, 1991

foreign honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1991

Member of the US Academy of Sciences, 2000

Foreign Fellow of the Royal Society, 2001

Nobel Prize in Physics, 2003

Alexey Abrikosov was born on June 25, 1928 in Moscow. His father, academician Alexey Ivanovich Abrikosov, is the head of the department of pathological anatomy of the medical faculty of the First Moscow Medical Institute. Mother - department assistant Fana Davidovna Wulf, head of the pathology department and chief dissector of the Kremlin hospital.

After graduating from school in 1943, he entered the Moscow Energy Institute (MPEI) and began studying energy engineering, but in 1945 he transferred to the Moscow State University(MSU) and moved on to studying physics. L.D. Landau became his teacher in physics. At the age of 19, Abrikosov passed the “theoretical minimum” and in 1948 he graduated with honors from the Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University. Under the guidance of L.D. Landau, he wrote his PhD thesis on the topic “Thermal diffusion in fully and partially ionized plasmas” and defended it in 1951 at the Institute of Physical Problems in Moscow. At the same time, his parents were suspended from working at the Kremlin hospital during a campaign against so-called saboteur doctors.

After his defense, he worked at the Institute of Physical Problems and in 1955 defended his doctoral work on high-energy quantum electrodynamics.

In 1965-1988 - at the L.D. Landau Institute of Theoretical Physics of the USSR Academy of Sciences, of which he was one of the founders.

In 1975 - honorary doctor from the University of Lausanne.

From 1988 to 1991 he headed the Institute of High Pressure Physics in Troitsk, and in 1988 he was elected director of this institute.

Alexey Alekseevich taught:

until 1969 - at Moscow State University.

In 1970-1972 - at Gorky State University.

In 1972-1976 he headed the department of theoretical physics at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.

In 1976-1991 he headed the department of theoretical physics at MISiS in Moscow.

In 1988, Abrikosov published the fundamental textbook “Fundamentals of the Theory of Metals,” written on the basis of his lectures at Moscow State University, MIPT and MISiS.

In 1991, he accepted an invitation from the Argonne National Laboratory in Illinois and immigrated to the United States. He refused to return to Russia during a trip to the United States as director of the Institute of High Pressure Physics.

In the USA he taught at the University of Illinois and the University of Utah. In England he taught at Loughborough University. According to academician Georgy Zavarzin, Abrikosov “in parting expressed his General meeting Academy of Sciences of the USSR its hostile attitude towards the Russian people.”

In 1999 he accepted American citizenship. Abrikosov is a member of various scientific institutions, including the US National Academy of Sciences, the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Royal Society of London and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Abrikosov, together with Nikolai Zavaritsky, an experimental physicist from the Institute of Physical Problems, discovered, while testing the Ginzburg-Landau theory, a new class of superconductors - type II superconductors. This new type of superconductor, unlike type I superconductors, retains its properties even in the presence of a strong magnetic field. He was able to explain such properties, developing the reasoning of his colleague Vitaly Ginzburg, by the formation of a regular lattice of magnetic lines that are surrounded by ring currents. This structure is called an “Abrikosov vortex lattice.”

He also worked on the problem of the transition of hydrogen to the metallic phase inside hydrogen planets, high-energy quantum electrodynamics, superconductivity in high-frequency fields and in the presence of magnetic inclusions, and was able to explain the Knight shift at low temperatures by taking into account the spin-orbit interaction. Other works were devoted to the theory of non-superfluid 3He and matter at high pressures, semimetals and metal-insulator transitions, the Kondo effect at low temperatures, and the construction of semiconductors without blocking bands. Other studies focused on one-dimensional or quasi-one-dimensional conductors and spin glasses.

Together with N.B. Brant, E.A. Svistova and S.M. Chudinov, he made a scientific discovery “The phenomenon of phase transitions of matter in a magnetic field,” which was entered into the State Register of Discoveries of the USSR under No. 156 with priority dated June 25, 1967.

At the Argonne National Laboratory, he was able to explain most of the properties of high-temperature superconductors based on cuprate and established in 1998 a new effect, which was first measured back in 1928 by P. Kapitsa, but was never considered as an independent effect.

In 2003, together with V.L. Ginzburg and E. Leggett, he received the Nobel Prize in Physics for “fundamental work on the theory of superconductors and superfluid liquids.”

Alexey Alekseevich Abrikosov died on March 29, 2017 in Palo Alto, Santa Clara, California, USA