Presentation on the topic of mites medical significance. Presentation "How dangerous is a tick" presentation for a lesson (grade 7) on the topic. How do mites develop?
Be careful! Ticks!
Completed by: 4th grade student
May School Degtyarev Lleksey
Head: teacher primary classes Letaeva Lyudmila Georgievna
Purpose of the study :
studying ixodid ticks as carriers of viral diseases, as well as studying measures to combat them.
Research objectives:
- Study the literature on the research topic.
-Study the history of the discovery of tick-borne encephalitis.
-Conduct a survey of medical workers and draw conclusions.
Relevance of the topic
After a long and cold winter people are eager to go into the forest. This is a favorite place for relaxation and walks for adults and children.
But, admiring the fresh spring colors, absorbing the impressions of communicating with nature, we must not forget that in spring forest We may encounter ticks that carry the tick-borne encephalitis virus.
What is tick-borne encephalitis?
Tick-borne encephalitis – a serious illness in which inflammation of the brain occurs. Its causative agent is the smallest organism from the group of viruses, which can only be seen using an electron microscope, which gives a magnification of tens and hundreds of thousands of times. The size of the tick-borne encephalitis virus is 30 millimicrons.”
This tiny organism lives in the body of a forest tick for up to 4 years. The tick is the main custodian of the pathogen in nature and the main source of human infection. Therefore, the disease was called “Tick-borne encephalitis.”
History of the study of tick-borne encephalitis
Active study of tick-borne encephalitis began in the thirties of the last century. In 1937, L.A. Zilber managed to isolate the virus that causes this pathology.
Lev Alexandrovich Zilber(1894 -1966) - Soviet immunologist and virologist, founder of the Soviet school of medical virology.
Where do ticks live?
Ticks are inhabitants of the forest. They live in the forest floor formed by fallen leaves and grass. The thicker the layer of litter, the better it warms up, the more favorable the conditions for the development and life of ticks. They are found, as a rule, in small-leaved and deciduous-coniferous forests, in which birch, aspen, gray alder, bird cherry, rowan, willow, as well as pine and spruce grow. Such forests are sufficiently lighted, and the forest floor warms up well. In coniferous-deciduous forests with a significant predominance of spruce or pine and a relatively small content hardwood ticks are found in smaller numbers. They can be found in thickets of willow and gray alder located along forest roads, ditches, and fields.
Features of the structure of ticks
The body of ixodid ticks consists of two sections - the head and the body. Their integument is sometimes hard and inextensible, and sometimes soft and elastic, gathered into folds. Thanks to this structural feature of the integument, ticks are able to absorb significant portions of blood and increase their weight by 100 times or more. There is a shield on the dorsal side of the tick's body. In the male it occupies the entire surface of the body, and its integument is brown.
Tick activity period
The peak activity of ticks usually begins in May, in the second half, if the spring is warm and early, then at the end of April. But they do not attack all summer, but until about the middle or end of July. By that time most of arthropods already have time to drink blood and their activity decreases. So somewhere from the end of July you can go into the forest relatively calmly.
The tick development cycle lasts at least three years, and can last for four to five years. During this time, ticks feed only three times, while out of thousands of larvae only a few dozen adult individuals are obtained, the rest fail to survive.
- Only adult females and males are dangerous to humans, while larvae and nymphs pose no threat.
How do mites develop?
Routes of infection
Crushing and rubbing the attached tick
Bite tick
Tick saliva contains blood thinners and painkillers
Eating infected raw goat and cow's milk
The first signs of tick-borne encephalitis
They may appear 1 to 14 days after infection.
The first signs of tick-borne encephalitis include:
-sudden increase in body temperature to 39-40 degrees;
-severe chills and weakness;
-thirst and increased sweating;
-feeling of numbness and slight tingling on various areas skin;
-headaches and muscle pains;
-feeling of numbness in the lower and upper extremities;
-vomiting and lack of appetite.
In the future, the symptoms of tick-borne encephalitis quickly increase. Confusion of consciousness, paresis of the muscles of the lower and upper limbs, abdominal cramps.
Consequences of tick-borne encephalitis
Neck muscle dysfunction
Various consequences of tick-borne encephalitis can manifest themselves throughout the patient’s life. In most cases, complications develop during the treatment of the underlying disease. A person receives persistent paralysis or muscle atrophy. This makes independent movement or self-care impossible. In some cases, the consequences of tick-borne encephalitis appear several months later in the form of repeated and progressive epileptic seizures.
Complete paralysis of a limb
First aid for a tick bite
If you are not confident that you can remove the insect yourself, then immediately contact medical care. It is strictly forbidden to independently remove ticks from children under 10 years of age.
1. Lubricate the attached tick with fat (vaseline, cream, sunflower oil)
2.Wait 12-20 minutes
3. Using a thread loop or tweezers, carefully pull out the tick, shaking it from side to side
4.Try not to destroy the tick
5.Burn the removed tick or pour boiling water over it.
6. Treat the bite site with alcohol, iodine, hydrogen peroxide, etc.
7. Wash your hands
How to protect yourself from disease tick-borne encephalitis?
On the collar, cuffs, belt of clothing and top part Socks need to be repellent to prevent ticks from getting under your clothes.
It is necessary to conduct thorough self- and mutual examinations after 1-2 hours. This measure is simple, reliable and accessible to everyone. During inspection you should Special attention apply to hairy parts of the body, skin folds, ears, axillary and inguinal cavities. When returning home, you need to carefully check all the folds and seams of your clothing, as ticks that haven’t had time to attach themselves can crawl into them. .
Vaccination. For or against?
The simplest, most effective and in a safe way Protection against tick-borne viral encephalitis is vaccination. To be 100% sure of your protection from the disease, you must complete the full course of vaccination. It consists of two or three primary vaccinations and one revaccination at the intervals specified in the instructions for use of the vaccine. In the future, it is necessary to maintain immunity by re-vaccinating once every 3-5 years. .
TAKE CARE OF YOURSELF AND YOUR LOVED ONES!
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
Kuksas E.P. 2010
Slide 2
Ixodid ticks (680 species):
about 2 mm in size, they belong to the arachnids. Only female insects feed on blood.
Slide 3
Only two types are of epidemiological significance:
- Ixodes Persulcatus (taiga tick) in the Asian and in a number of areas of the European part,
- Ixodes Ricinus (European forest tick) - in the European part.
Slide 4
- According to entomologists: ticks most often live in grass and low bushes.
- As a rule, it does not climb higher than 1 meter.
- The tick loves swampy deciduous places, where there is a high probability that someone making their way through the thicket will not pass by.
Slide 5
Tick attacks are very easy. He sits on a piece of grass or a twig, spreading his paws in different directions; if you touch a twig or a tick’s paw, it will definitely cling to you!
Slide 6
It is very important to know:
- Ticks concentrate on forest paths and paths covered with grass along the roadsides. There are many times more of them here than in the surrounding forest.
- Studies have shown that ticks are attracted to the smell of animals and people who constantly use these paths when moving through the forest.
Slide 7
Widespread misconception:
- Do ticks “jump” on people from birch trees?
- Indeed, in birch forests there are usually a lot of ticks.
- But the tick is in the grass and clings to clothing from blades of grass and crawls up, and is often found on the head and shoulders. This gives the false impression that the ticks fell from above.
Slide 8
Mite activity:
- agricultural (cows, sheep, goats, horses, camels),
- pets (dogs, cats)
- wild (rodents, hares, hedgehogs and others) animals that serve as a temporary reservoir of the virus!
Slide 10
How to avoid a tick bite:
1. Pay attention to the appropriate equipment of your clothing!
Slide 11
Slide 12
2. Every 2 hours while in the forest, conduct a thorough examination of the body, removing and turning out clothes.
After returning from the forest, conduct a full examination of the body and clothing. Do not bring picked flowers, branches, outerwear and other items that may contain ticks.
Slide 13
3. Use preventive repellent (repellent) and insecticidal (destroying insects and ticks) preparations for treatment and increase efficiency protective properties clothes:
Slide 14
Slide 15
Slide 17
4. Use insectoacaricidal and acaricidal agents to treat areas against ticks.
Slide 18
What to do if you find that you have already been bitten by a tick:
Early and correct removal of attached ticks!
Ticks, by virtue of their physiological characteristics, after being attached to the skin, they do not immediately begin to feed on blood, therefore, if they are quickly detected and removed, the risk of being infected with pathogens that are in the tick is reduced.
Slide 19
Methods for removing attached ticks:
- Oil treatment will not cause the tick to remove its proboscis. The oil will only kill it by blocking its breathing holes.
- The oil will cause the tick to regurgitate its contents into the wound, which may increase the risk of infection. Therefore, it is better not to use oil.
Slide 20
1. Using strong thread:
The thread is tied into a knot as close as possible to the tick's proboscis, and the tick is removed by pulling it up. Sudden movements are not allowed.
Slide 21
- If the head with the proboscis remains in the wound, then there is nothing terrible about it. A proboscis in a wound is no worse than a splinter.
- If the tick's proboscis sticks out above the surface of the skin, it can be removed by holding it with tweezers and twisting it out. It can also be removed by a surgeon in a clinic. If the proboscis is left, a small abscess appears, and after a while the proboscis comes out.
Slide 22
2. Using tweezers or fingers (common among tourists):
- Grasp the tick with tweezers or fingers wrapped in clean gauze closer to its mouthparts.
- Then it is gently pulled and at the same time rotated around its axis in a convenient direction. After 1-3 turns, the entire tick is removed along with the proboscis.
Slide 23
Tweezers compress the tick's esophagus and allow saliva to enter the skin, which increases the risk
infection!
Slide 24
It is convenient to remove ticks with curved jewelry tweezers. With thin trenches of such tweezers you can
grab the tick under the head without squeezing it. Such tweezers are used in ophthalmology and microsurgery.
Slide 25
Why is it necessary to rotate along the axis when removing a tick:
- The surface of the tick's proboscis is equipped with spines directed towards the back of the tick.
- If you simply pull the tick, the proboscis, due to the spikes (like a fishhook), will become firmly stuck in the skin, which can cause it to tear away from the tick’s body.
- When rotating along the axis, the spikes curl toward the axis of rotation, and the head will not come off!
- The direction of rotation is not important!
Slide 26
3. Using special devices designed specifically for removing ticks:
Most of them operate on the same principle - the tick is placed in a special recess and twisted out. The advantage of such devices over a clamp or tweezers is that the body of the tick is not compressed and, perhaps, the risk of infection is somewhat reduced.
Slide 27
Hook for removing ticks "TICK TWISTER" -
The tick is grabbed from the side, slightly pulled and twisted.
Slide 28
Pro Tick Remedy - metal plate with recess:
represents a metal plate with a recess for a tick.
The kit includes a magnifying glass with 5x magnification.
Slide 29
Tick Nipper - plastic tongs for capturing and removing ticks:
Equipped with a magnifying glass with 20x magnification.
Slide 30
Trix - handle with nylon loop:
Slide 31
Disinfect the bite site (70% alcohol, 5% iodine, cologne, etc.) If you are not sure that you can pull out the tick yourself, consult a doctor!
Slide 32
2. ELISA laboratory of the First City Hospital, st. Sovetskaya, 77 (tel. – 31-45-53)
Analysis is paid
Slide 33
- Place the tick in a small glass bottle with a tight lid and place a cotton swab lightly moistened with water.
- Hands and tools should be thoroughly washed after removing the tick.
Slide 34
The most dangerous infections for human health transmitted through ticks and their
prevention!
Slide 35
Ixodid ticks carry pathogens of human diseases with natural focality:
- tick-borne encephalitis [the main carriers are the taiga tick Ixodes persulcatus and I. ricinus],
- tick-borne borreliosis (Lyme disease),
- tick-borne typhus,
- relapsing tick-borne typhus,
- hemorrhagic fever and Q fever,
- tularemia,
- ehrlichiosis and many others.
Slide 36
Possible routes of infection:
- Through tick bites
- Eating raw milk (cottage cheese, sour cream) – goats, cows
Slide 37
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE):
- TBE is caused by viruses that infect the central nervous system.
- Often 1-2 days before the onset of the illness: mild pain in the muscles of the neck, lower back, legs; headache; hands become weak. Further -
Characterized by fever up to 39 degrees, nausea, vomiting, severe headache, increasing muscle pain, mental and consciousness disturbances.
The disease develops acutely, over several days. Threatens the development of complications in the form of paralysis.
The incubation period is from 1 to 30 days.
Slide 38
Prevention of tick-borne encephalitis: 1. Vaccination -
But there may be contraindications; vaccination must be carried out in advance.
Slide 39
Vaccines against tick-borne encephalitis registered in Russia:
Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine culture purified concentrated inactivated dry. (Enterprise for the production of bacterial and viral preparations of the Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitis named after M.P. Chumakov RAMS Federal State Unitary Enterprise) - for children over 4 years old and adults.
- EnceVir (FSUE NPO Microgen, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation) - for children over 3 years old and adults.
- FSME-IMMUN Inject (Baxter Vaccine AG, Austria). - from 16 years old.
- FSME-IMMUN Junior (Baxter Vaccine AG, Austria) - for children from 1 year to 16 years. (Children should be vaccinated during the first year of life if they are at risk of contracting tick-borne encephalitis.)
- Encepur adult (Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics GmbH and Co.KG, Germany) - from 12 years.
- Encepur for children (Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics GmbH and Co.KG, Germany) - for children from 1 year to 11 years.
Slide 3
Ixodid ticks
Slide 4
The genus Ixodes includes the main vectors of tick-borne encephalitis and borreliosis - mite taiga and dog ticks. (People call them encephalitis ticks). People in the temperate zone of Eurasia are most often bitten by these ticks. Taiga tick common in Siberia, canine in Europe. A typical biotope for taiga ticks is, first of all, damp, dark forest areas. In the eastern regions of the European part of Russia, both types of ticks are found.
Slide 5
Argasid mites
Slide 6
The family Argasidae includes argas or soft ticks. There are no shields on their body. The head of these mites is located on inside body, so if you look at the tick from above, it is not visible. Soft mites are less numerous than hard ones. The most famous of them is Otobius megnini or ear mite. It usually sticks to the animal's ear.
Slide 7
Slide 8
Anatomical structure of ticks
- Ticks that have not reached sexual maturity have 3 pairs of legs, while adult ticks have 4 pairs. There are no wings. Ticks have a sensory apparatus called Haller's organ. With its help, ticks sense odors, temperature, and humidity.
- What do ticks eat? The diet of ticks consists only of blood - human, dog, cat and much more. They need blood to successfully develop at each stage of their life cycle.
Slide 9
Slide 10
What is the life cycle of ticks?
- Most ticks feed on the blood of three different hosts over the course of 2 years of life. All ticks go through 4 stages of their life cycle: egg, larva, nymph and adult.
- Consider, for example, the life cycle of the black-legged tick (Ixodesscapularis).
- In the spring, adult female black-legged ticks lay eggs on the ground. Each female tick lays approximately 3,000 eggs.
Slide 11
Slide 12
Life cycle
- In late summer, larvae hatch from the eggs. Larvae that less than a point at the end of this sentence, they find an animal (the first owner, usually a bird or rodent), feed on its blood for several days, then fall off and fall back to the ground. For black-legged ticks this usually occurs in August. In the ground, a well-fed larva moves into the next stage, which is called a nymph.
- In spring, nymphs become active and look for a second host - a rodent, pet or human - to suck on blood. After this, she falls to the ground, then molts and turns into an adult.
Slide 1
Slide description:
Slide 3
Slide description:
The taiga and European forest ticks are giants compared to their “peaceful” counterparts; their body is covered with a powerful shell and equipped with four pairs of legs. In females, the coverings of the rear part are capable of greatly stretching, which allows them to absorb large quantities blood, hundreds of times more than a hungry tick weighs. Males are somewhat smaller in size than females and attach only for a short time (less than an hour). It is very easy to distinguish between a female and a male - you just need to remember what they look like. In the surrounding world, ticks navigate mainly through touch and smell; ticks do not have eyes. But ticks’ sense of smell is very acute: studies have shown that ticks are able to smell an animal or person at a distance of about 10 meters.
Slide 4
Slide description:
Tick habitats. Ticks that transmit encephalitis are distributed throughout almost the entire territory of the southern part of the forest zone of Eurasia. What places are at greatest risk of encountering ticks? Ticks are moisture-loving, and therefore their numbers are greatest in well-moistened places. Many ticks live along the bottom of ravines and forest ravines, as well as along forest edges and along the banks of forest streams. In addition, they are abundant along forest edges. It is very important to know that ticks concentrate on forest paths and paths covered with grass along the side of the road. There are many times more of them here than in the surrounding forest. Studies have shown that ticks are attracted to the smell of animals and people who constantly use these paths when moving through the forest. Some features of the placement and behavior of ticks have led to the widespread misconception in Siberia that ticks “jump” on people from birch trees. Indeed, in birch forests there are usually a lot of ticks. And a tick clinging to clothing crawls upward, and is often found on the head and shoulders. This gives the false impression that the ticks fell from above. You should remember the characteristic landscapes where in late April - early July the number of ticks is highest and where the risk of infection with tick-borne encephalitis is high during this period: deciduous forests, forest areas littered with windfalls, ravines, river valleys, meadows.
Slide 5
Slide description:
Slide 6
Slide description:
Development cycle of ticks. In May-June, having engorged itself with blood, the female lays 1.5 - 2.5 thousand eggs, from which, a few weeks later, larvae hatch, they are no larger than a poppy seed and have only three pairs of legs. The larvae attack small forest animals and birds, sucking blood for 3-4 days, then leave their hosts and go to the forest floor. There they molt, turning into the next phase of development - nymphs, which are larger and already have four pairs of limbs. Having overwintered, the nymphs go out to “hunt” in the same way, but choose larger victims: squirrels, chipmunks, hares, hedgehogs. After a year, the engorged nymph turns into either a female or a male. Thus, the development cycle of a tick lasts at least three years, and can drag on for four to five years. During this time, ticks feed only three times, while out of thousands of larvae only a few dozen adult individuals are obtained, the rest fail to survive. Only adult females and males are dangerous to humans, while larvae and nymphs pose no threat.
Slide 7
Slide description:
The tick bite is invisible and imperceptible. Before biting, the tick secretes an anesthetic substance. And only then does it stick. Protecting yourself from ticks First aid for a bite encephalitis tick A tick that has embedded itself in the skin can be removed using the following method:- a drop of any oil (vegetable, machine) must be applied to the bite site to block the air supply;
- After the tick wrinkles, it must be grabbed with tweezers and removed with smooth circular unwinding movements. If you don't have tweezers, you can use regular thread:
- it is necessary to thread a thread between the body of the tick and the skin;
- stretch the thread to the sides;
- Using light circular movements, pull out the tick. The extracted tick should not be crushed with nails and especially with fingers! If the embedded tick is infected, this is the surest way to become infected with encephalitis. Under no circumstances should you cut a tick with a knife, because... then you will use it to cut bread and possibly other foods. The bite site must be lubricated with brilliant green, iodine or alcohol as quickly as possible. Under no circumstances should you burn or cut the skin. It is imperative to consult a doctor after providing first aid to someone bitten by a tick. If you pull out a tick, still consult a doctor and take the tick with you!
TICK JAWS
Remember, after visiting the forest, a thorough examination of the entire body is necessary!!! Timely help from a doctor will save you from diseases caused by a tick bite. Thank you for your attention! Resources used- Pictures and photographs through the Yandex search network.
(1 ratings, on average: 5,00 out of 5) 
Loading...
