Providing medical assistance in case of electric shock. Providing first aid in case of electric shock, actions in case of electric shock. Symptoms of electric shock

Unfortunately, despite the fact that everyone knows about the dangers of devices and wires, this still occurs quite often. The most common electrical injuries occur at work. This applies to those activities in which people work with various technical devices and wiring. Besides getting hit electric shock You can do it at home. In most cases this concerns children. Therefore, everyone should know what to do if they get an electric shock? After all, the faster help is provided, the lower the risk of complications.

Causes of electrical injuries

Electric shock is one of the most dangerous species injuries At high voltage device and prolonged contact with the source, it can be fatal. Injury can occur due to various reasons. The most common of these is contact with a bare wire. This can happen to anyone, especially people who work with electricity. is a particularly dangerous current source. Most often, electricians come into contact with it when repairing meters, sockets, etc. In addition, you can get electrical injury from ordinary appliances that are used daily: hair dryer, kettle, charger from mobile phone, microwave. All items are normal household appliances are not dangerous, since the wires have protective layer. If it breaks, its integrity is compromised. This may result in exposed wires. Therefore, broken appliances must be removed and kept away from children! After all, despite the small dose of electricity, they can be dangerous to the child’s health. Another source of current is sockets.

You can get an electrical injury not only indoors, but also outdoors. Lightning is a natural source of current. When exposed to the human body, it can lead not only to burns, but also cause death.

A child was electrocuted: symptoms

Unfortunately, despite parental control, children are still exposed to electrical injuries. Most often this happens when kids try to insert their fingers or iron objects into an outlet. It is not always possible to see exactly how a child injured himself. Therefore, it is necessary to know the symptoms that will bother the baby after contact with current. First of all, these are painful sensations. Regardless of the strength and duration of contact with the exposed device, the child will get scared and start screaming. If the baby has been electrocuted in the arm, it is necessary to examine the surface of the skin. If there is local damage, "electrical signs" will be observed. They are gray or yellow spots having clear boundaries. There is pain when touching them. General electrical trauma is manifested by convulsive muscle contractions, in severe cases accompanied by loss of consciousness.

What to do if you get an electric shock: first aid

If there are signs of electrical injury, the person must be given immediate assistance. First, remove the source of tension from the body. Avoiding contact with electricity is the main measure. What to do if your consciousness is also electrocuted? In this case, you shouldn't panic. First you need to call ambulance. After this, it is necessary to assess the condition of the victim. To do this, the status of vital signs is checked: pulse, blood pressure and breathing. If there are no heartbeats, it is necessary to immediately carry out these include:

Providing oxygen flow. You need to open the window, free your neck from tight clothing, and clean your mouth (if necessary).
Tilt the victim's head back and push the lower jaw forward.
Conduct indoor massage hearts: press with clenched palms on xiphoid process 30 times.
Cover your nose with one hand and blow air into the victim’s mouth 2 times.

These activities must be repeated until spontaneous breathing and heartbeat appear.

Eliminating the current source

You need to know that first aid for an electric shock comes down to eliminating its source. Under no circumstances should you touch the victim or the exposed wire with your hands. You can eliminate the source in the following ways:

Turn off the electricity.
Cut the wire with an axe. In this case, you need to hold it by the wooden handle.

If it is not possible to eliminate the source of electricity using these methods, you can wrap your hands in a cloth and move the victim behind his clothes.

Treatment of affected skin areas

After the basic measures have been carried out, the burn areas should be treated. Electric shock always leaves 2 marks on the body. They need to be found and washed with running water for several minutes. “Current marks” should not be treated with an antiseptic solution, as this may increase the depth of the lesion. After washing, the skin should be wrapped with a cloth soaked in cold water.

Providing specialized assistance in case of electric shock

When all the measures have been completed, the question arises: what to do if you get an electric shock and first aid does not bring results? Regardless of how the victim feels, after removing the source of electricity, you need to call an ambulance. This is especially true in cases where a person has lost consciousness. In case of severe injuries, the victim is hospitalized. The hospital provides detoxification and symptomatic therapy. For convulsive syndrome, the drug “Diazepam” is administered.

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Current household network has a “freezing effect,” which means that when it acts on muscles, the flexor muscles contract with greater force than the extensors. This is precisely what can explain the fact that he is unable to let go of the current source from his hands. High frequency current has a “knockback” effect.

Let's look at how first aid is provided in case of electric shock.

Providing assistance in case of electric shock

It is necessary to assess what is happening. Do not touch the victim under any circumstances without assessing the situation. It is possible that he is still under the influence of the current. If you touch it, you may also get an electric shock. If possible, then turn off the electricity source in the room. You can turn off the switch or remove the plugs. If you cannot do this, then simply move the source of electric current away from both the victim and yourself using an object that does not tend to conduct current. will come to the rescue wooden stick or a branch.

If a person needs to be pulled away from an electrical wire, do not forget that his body also conducts current, just like the electrical wire. Do not, under any circumstances, touch exposed parts of the victim's body with your bare hands.

To pull him away, grab his clothes, namely the dry parts of them. It’s even better if you wear rubber gloves or wrap your hands in dry cloth.

As soon as the electric current stops affecting the victim, immediately feel his pulse and observe his breathing. If there is no pulse or breathing, then cardiac arrest should be performed immediately.

Then we examine open areas of the body. At electric shock You should find two burns where the electrical current enters and exits. The affected areas of the skin should be covered with a clean cloth. Under no circumstances should you cover burned areas with a towel or blanket, as the fibers on them can stick to the affected surface. To make the heart work better, you should slightly raise the victim's legs above the level of his body.

In case of electric shock clinical death may be particularly long lasting. When the heart stops for a long time, brain death does not occur. The specialist continues resuscitation using hardware techniques. The victim is taken to the hospital for treatment of burns, as well as complications of electrical trauma from nervous system and internal organs. Before the hospital, the patient must be anesthetized, using both non-narcotic analgesics and more effective drugs, since shock often results in painful shock.

If the victim is conscious, then you need to calm him down and give him sweet tea. He must be examined by a doctor. The best solution the patient will be hospitalized in a hospital, since within 24 hours after exposure to electricity complications may develop in vital organs.

Do not apply any ointments or powders to electric shock burns. This can only cause harm, since such a wound is different from the usual small household burn in the kitchen. When outside the house or outside the city, there is no need to bury the victim in the ground!

If the burn is small and not too deep, you can apply a dry, sterile bandage to it, avoiding strong compression. All your actions will need to be listed to the doctors who will be involved in the treatment so that they have a better understanding of the victim’s condition.

IMPORTANT! Be sure to notify rescue and repair services that there is an electrical source that needs to be isolated.

Electric shock is the most dangerous domestic and industrial accident, with a high mortality rate.

First aid for electric shock is to stop the effect of electric current on the human body. If the victim's heart has stopped due to an electric shock, then he needs closed cardiac massage and artificial respiration. Burnt areas need to be treated and a bandage applied to them.

The occurrence of electrical injury, most often, occurs due to the impact on the body of household electric current, which has great strength, or rank atmospheric electricity. Sources of electric shock include: broken wires high voltage lines, household appliances, faulty electrical equipment in enterprises, non-compliance with safety precautions when working with electrical equipment.

Signs of electric shock

1.Presence near the victim bare source of electric current;

2. The victim is unconscious;

3. Presence of burns on the surface of the skin;

4. The victim’s breathing is impaired or stopped;

5. Absence of pulse or presence of a weak, arrhythmic pulse;

6. The inlet and outlet are located on the hands or feet electric charge.

Often, effective first aid in case of electric shock is the decisive moment in saving the victim, since even short-term exposure to current can cause respiratory and cardiac arrest.

When an ambulance is needed

in the absence of a pulse;
in case of cardiac arrest;
if there is an uneven pulse;
in the presence of respiratory distress or arrest;
when muscles contract or feel pain in the muscles;
in the presence of convulsive seizures;
in case of loss of consciousness;
with tingling or numbness in the extremities.

Assistance in case of electric shock

After you have called an ambulance, or at the same time as you communicate with it on the phone, the victim needs to provide assistance independently. To do this you need to assess the situation. You should not immediately touch the victim, because if he is still exposed to electric current, then by touching him, you can also be shocked. If possible, you need to turn off the power source, turn off the switch, and unscrew the plugs. If this is not possible, then it is necessary to move the current source away using a dry, non-conducting object (branch, wooden stick, etc.). You must not touch exposed parts of the victim’s body with your bare hands; you can only touch dry parts of his clothing. To pull the victim away, it is recommended to wrap your hands in dry silk cloth or wear rubber gloves.

After the effect of the electric current has stopped, it is necessary to understand whether the victim has signs of life (check breathing and pulse in large vessels). In the absence of signs, first aid consists of resuscitation measures, which include closed heart massage and artificial respiration. It is necessary to examine the exposed areas of the victim’s body, trying to find two burns, and apply a clean or sterile napkin to the burned areas. You should not use a blanket or towel for these purposes, as fibers may stick to the burned surface. The victim should be laid so that the chest level is slightly lower than the legs. This is necessary in order to improve heart function.

The site provides background information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases must be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Consultation with a specialist is required!

Electric shock and electrical injury: causes, signs and symptoms, first aid and complex therapy
Electric shock can be classified as extremely dangerous industrial as well as domestic accidents, which quite often cause death. Under the influence of electric current to tissues human body tends to get very hot, which in turn leads to the development of burns and disruption of the functioning of numerous internal organs. First aid in case of electric shock, it is based on stopping the effect of electric current on the human body, performing closed cardiac massage and artificial respiration if the victim experiences cardiac arrest, as well as treating and applying a bandage to the affected areas of the body.

Electrical injury in most cases, it is a consequence of exposure to household electrical current on the tissues of the human body high strength voltage or lightning strike. This type of damage may result from non-compliance with safety precautions when working with electrical equipment, and faulty electrical equipment in production or household appliances, as well as broken high-voltage lines. The degree of influence of electric current directly depends on both the strength of the current and its voltage, and on general condition human health, the way current passes through the body, as well as the timeliness of first aid.

The main differences between electrical injury and electric shock

When passing through the human body, electric current tends to heat tissue very strongly, which contributes to the occurrence of electrical burns of the skin, as well as damage to tissues and organs that are located nearby.
Electrical burns tend to occur in areas of both input and output of current. Quite often these areas are also called “ current marks».
The appearance of these burns may be insignificant, but all of them, as a rule, are very deep and affect numerous muscles, bones, and internal organs.
Electric current can cause serious disruption of the functioning of the heart, including complete cardiac arrest.
When receiving an electric shock, breathing may stop.

Symptoms and signs of electric shock and electrical injury:

1. The presence of a bare current source near the victim;
2. The victim is unconscious;
3. There are burns on the surface of his skin;
4. There is breathing disturbance or its complete absence;
5. Very weak or arrhythmic pulse or absence of it;
6. Both the inlet and outlet of the electrical charge are in most cases located on the hands upper limbs or feet.

Since electric shock injuries have a lot of features, even a short exposure to a person can lead to cardiac or respiratory arrest. That is why the life of the victim depends on the timely provision of first aid in such cases.

In the event of the development of symptoms that will be presented to the attention of readers just below, you should immediately call emergency doctors:

No pulse
Uneven pulse
Uneven breathing
Muscle contractions or pain in the muscle area
Seizures
Feeling of numbness or tingling in the extremities

While the ambulance doctors are getting there, in case of an electric shock, the following measures should be taken:

Assess what is happening. Do not touch the victim under any circumstances without assessing the situation. It is possible that he is still under the influence of the current. If you touch it, you may also get an electric shock. If possible, then turn off the electricity source in the room. You can turn off the switch or remove the plugs. If you cannot do this, then simply move the source of electric current away from both the victim and yourself using an object that does not tend to conduct current. A wooden stick or branch will come to the rescue. If a person needs to be pulled away from an electrical wire, do not forget that his body also conducts current, just like the electrical wire. Do not, under any circumstances, touch exposed parts of the victim's body with your bare hands. To pull him away, grab his clothes, namely the dry parts of them. It’s even better if you wear rubber gloves or wrap your hands in dry silk.

As soon as the electric current stops affecting the victim, immediately feel his pulse and observe his breathing. If there is no pulse or breathing, then you should immediately closed heart massage And artificial respiration. Then we examine open areas of the body. In case of an electric shock, you should find two burns where the electrical current enters and exits. The affected areas of the skin should be covered with a clean cloth. Under no circumstances should you cover burned areas with a towel or blanket, as the fibers on them can stick to the affected surface. To make the heart work better, you should slightly raise the victim's legs above the level of his body. In any case, victims of electric shock require emergency hospitalization.

Rules for closed cardiac massage

A person suffering from electric shock should be laid horizontally on a hard, straight surface. This can be either a board, ground or floor. The person providing assistance to the victim should be to his left. Place your palm on your chest so that its entire main part is at the lower end of the sternum. We place the palm of the other hand on top of this palm, after which we begin to push into the chest with sharp and very strong movements. You need to perform one push per second. Signs indicating restoration of heart function include: the appearance pink color skin, the appearance of a pulse, increased blood pressure, constriction of the pupils.
To the very effective methods Artificial respiration includes mouth-to-nose and mouth-to-mouth methods.

Rules for artificial respiration

The person should be placed on his back, and then his head should be tilted back as much as possible. If you have dentures in your mouth, they should be removed. We take a handkerchief or napkin and cover the victim’s nose and mouth with it. Then we take a deep breath, bring our lips to the victim’s lips and exhale the collected air into his mouth, thus filling his lungs. In the case of the mouth-to-nose method, air should be blown into the nasal passages. In one minute you need to make about fourteen to sixteen such exhalations. If indirect cardiac massage is performed along with artificial ventilation lungs, then air injection should be performed on the twentieth - thirtieth compression of the sternum.

The duration of such resuscitation is determined by its effectiveness. It all depends on how quickly cardiac performance is restored and independent process breathing. Both artificial respiration and cardiac massage must be performed until paramedics arrive. You can clearly familiarize yourself with the technique of performing artificial respiration and closed cardiac massage during a consultation with your family doctor.

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Electrical injury, as an industrial disease, can be encountered in agriculture, industry, everyday life and transport. Electric shock can result from atmospheric electricity (lightning). Lightning can strike at a considerable distance from a source of electricity (through water, ground, wires, etc.). It is quite dangerous alternating current with voltage more than 250 V.

As a result of electric shock, loss of consciousness, speech disorder, convulsions, fainting, respiratory arrest may occur (the most severe symptom is disorder respiratory system). In some severe cases, sudden death occurs. Damage to the brain and heart are the most dangerous cases. When exposed to any electrical current, the heart begins to respond with a disturbance in electrical conductivity, resulting in a rhythm disturbance, which can even lead to cardiac arrest.

Electrical injuries are characterized by “current signs” in the form of skin damage; sometimes dense scabs are observed at the points where the electric current comes into contact with the skin. On the skin of those who have been struck by lightning, “lightning marks” remain in the form of reddish scars. Electrical current may also ignite clothing, causing burns. Damage to the central nervous system is also considered very unfavorable in the event of electrical injuries. Damage to the brain occurs due to sudden swelling, and blood circulation in many parts of the brain is disrupted. Symptoms of brain damage include loss of consciousness, overexcitement, tinnitus, and headaches.

Household current has a “freezing effect,” which means that when it affects muscles, the flexor muscles contract with greater force than the extensor muscles. This is precisely what can explain the fact that the victim is unable to release the current source from his hands. High frequency current has a “knockback” effect.

Let's look at how first aid is provided in case of electric shock.

Providing assistance in case of electric shock

To pull him away, grab his clothes, namely the dry parts of them. It’s even better if you wear rubber gloves or wrap your hands in dry cloth.

As soon as the electric current stops affecting the victim, immediately feel his pulse and observe his breathing. If there is no pulse and breathing, then closed cardiac massage and artificial respiration should be performed immediately.

Then we examine open areas of the body. In case of an electric shock, you should find two burns where the electrical current enters and exits. The affected areas of the skin should be covered with a clean cloth. Under no circumstances should you cover burned areas with a towel or blanket, as the fibers on them can stick to the affected surface. To make the heart work better, you should slightly raise the victim's legs above the level of his body.

In case of electric shock, clinical death can be especially prolonged. When the heart stops for a long time, brain death does not occur. The specialist continues resuscitation using hardware techniques. The victim is taken to the hospital for treatment of burns, as well as complications of electrical trauma from the nervous system and internal organs. Before the hospital, the patient must be anesthetized, using both non-narcotic analgesics and more effective drugs, since shock often results in painful shock.

If the victim is conscious, then you need to calm him down and give him sweet tea. He must be examined by a doctor. The best solution would be to hospitalize the patient in a hospital, since within 24 hours after exposure to electricity complications may develop in vital organs.