How to make fire in an apartment. Making fire using non-standard methods. Friction of wooden sticks

Everyone should know how to light a fire - with such knowledge you will not be lost. A real dude certainly knows how to make fire without matches. This is a skill necessary for survival. It's impossible to predict when you'll need to start a fire and don't have any matches at hand. Maybe your plane will crash in some wild area, like somewhere in Alaska. Or, for example, you go into the forest and lose your backpack in a fight with a bear. After all, you may find yourself in very windy or wet conditions where matches are virtually useless. It doesn't matter if you ever need these skills, but it's still very cool to know how to make fire, no matter what conditions you find yourself in.

Making fire by friction
Making fire by friction is not for the faint of heart. Perhaps this is the most difficult of the “non-match” methods of making fire. Exist different ways making fire by friction, but the most important thing in this matter is which wood to use as a plank and rod.
The rod is a stick that needs to be rotated back and forth around its axis to create strong friction between it and the board to produce a spark. If you create enough friction between the rod and the board, you can create smoldering coals and use them to start a fire. Poplar, juniper, aspen, willow, cedar, cypress and Walnut are best suited for producing fire in this way.
Important point: The wood must be dry.

Hand drill
Method hand drill- the most primitive, simple and at the same time the heaviest. All that is needed for this method is wood, Strong arms and iron patience. Using this method, you will feel real primitive man. So, we make fire using a hand drill:
Gather the tinder into a compact pile that resembles a bird's nest. The tinder nest will be used to ignite the flame obtained from the spark that we have to get. This “nest” should be made of a material that catches fire easily, such as dry grass, leaves or bark.
Make a small depression in the “nest”. Cut a v-shaped hole in the fire board and make a small indentation next to it.
Place the bark under this depression. Smoldering coals arising from the friction of the rod on the board will fall on it - this will give the fire a chance to flare up.
Start rotating the rod. Place the rod in the groove on the board. The length of the rod must be at least 60 cm for everything to work properly. Press the rod onto the board and rotate it between your palms, quickly moving them up and down the rod. Continue doing this until there are smoldering coals forming in the hole of the fire board.
Fan the fire! As soon as you see red coals, tap the fire board so that they fall onto the piece of bark located under the hole. Move the bark to your tinder "nest". Carefully and carefully blow on the coals to start the flame.

Fire plow
Prepare a fire board. Cut a hole in the board where you will place the rod.
Three! Take the rod and place the end of it in the recess on the fire board. Start rubbing the tip of the rod against the walls of the recess in the board, moving it up and down.
Start lighting the fire. Place the tinder “nest” so that the smoldering embers that will arise from friction fall into it. As soon as you catch a coal, gently blow on it and get a small tongue of living flame.

Bow drill
Using a bow to start a fire is probably the most effective of the friction methods because it makes it easier to maintain high pressure and the speed of rotation of the rod. Strong friction arises, which is necessary to make fire. In addition to the rod and plank, this method will require a weight to hold the rod and a bow.
Make a device for weighting. It is used to press down on the end of the rod that is on top: the rod is driven by the bow and therefore becomes unstable. You can use a stone or a piece of wood to hold the rod. If you use a piece of wood, it should be harder than the rod. It is very good to use water or oil as a lubricant to make things go better.
Make a bow. It should be the same length as your arm. Use a flexible, slightly curved wooden rod. The bow string can be made from anything, such as lace, rope, or a strip of rawhide. One condition: it must be durable material, which will not tear. Pull the bowstring and you are ready to start making fire.
Prepare a fire board. Cut a v-shaped hole and place tinder under the hole.
Wrap the rod with a bowstring. Place the rod in the loop of the bow string. One end of the rod should be in the hole that you made in the plank, and the other end should be pressed with a stone or piece of wood.
Start moving the bow. Move the bow back and forth horizontal plane, just like when you saw something. As a matter of fact, now you have collected the elementary mechanical system. The rod should rotate quickly. Keep moving the bow until you get coals.
Make the fire burn. Throw the smoldering coals into the tinder and blow lightly on them. Ready! Now you have started a fire.

Flint and steel

This - old method. Carrying a good flint and steel with you is always a good idea. Matches can get wet and then be of no use, but in this case you can still rely on your flint and steel.
If these things are not at hand, no one forbids you to improvise using quartzite and a steel blade of a pocket knife.
You will also need lighting material - usually fabric or moss. They catch sparks well and smolder for a long time without flaring up. If you don't have special material for ignition, then a piece of mushroom or birch bark is quite suitable.
Secure the lighting material and stone. Grasp the stone with your thumb and index finger. Make sure that the distance from your fingers to the edge of the stone is approximately 5-7 cm. The lighting material should be between your thumb and the flint.
Hit! Take a steel rod or use the handle of a knife. Strike the steel against the flint several times. Sparks will fly off the steel and land on the lighter material, causing smoldering.
Light a fire. Place lighter material in the tinder nest and blow lightly on it to fan the flame.

Making fire using a lens

Using a lens, starting a fire is easy. Anyone who melted plastic soldiers as a child by playing with a magnifying glass knows how to do this. If you have never done such things, then here are instructions for you

Traditional lenses
All that is required to create fire is a lens necessary to concentrate sunlight on a specific place. A magnifying glass, glasses or binocular lenses will work fine. If you add a little water to the surface of the lens, you can strengthen the beam.
Angle the lens towards the sun to focus the beam on the smallest area possible. Place a “nest” of tinder on this spot, and a fire will soon flare up.
The only downside to this method is that it only works when there is sun. Therefore, if it happens in the evening or on a cloudy day, the lens will be useless.

In addition to simple method Starting a fire using a lens There are three additional methods of starting a fire using lenses, which also allow you to create fire.

Balloons and condoms
Filling out balloon or a condom with water, you can make a lens from these simple things that will help you get fire.
Fill a condom or balloon with water and tie the end. Give the ball or condom the most spherical shape possible. Do not inflate the condom or balloon too much as this will distort the focus of the sun's ray. Squeeze the balloon into a shape that will focus the beam. Try squeezing the condom in the middle to form two smaller lenses.
Condoms and balloons The focal length is shorter than that of conventional lenses, so they need to be placed at a distance of 2–5 cm from the tinder.

Making fire with ice
Ice and Fire is not only a quote from Pushkin, which you probably remember from school course literature. You can actually start a fire with a piece of ice. All you need to do for this is to shape a piece of ice into the shape of a lens and then use it for its intended purpose, like any other lens. This method is especially good for tourists in winter time.
Get it clean water. In order for ice to be used to make a lens, it must be transparent. If the ice is cloudy or contains any impurities, then no matter how hard you fight, you will not get fire with it. The best way to get a clear piece of ice is to fill a bowl or cup clear water from a lake, pond or melted snow and let the water freeze. A piece of ice should be approximately 5 cm thick to serve as a good lens.
Use a knife to shape a piece of ice into a lens shape. Remember that the lens is thicker in the middle and narrower near the edges.
Once you have a rough shape of the lens, polish it by hand. The warmth of your hands will melt the ice enough to make a good smooth surface.
Start making fire. Position the ice lens at an angle to the sun in the same way as if it were a regular glass lens. Focus a beam of light on a pile of tinder and see how useful it is to remember the quote from Alexander Sergeevich.

Coca-Cola can and chocolate bar
I saw this method in a YouTube video, quite interesting thing. All we need is a can of Coca-Cola, a bar of chocolate and a sunny day.
Open the chocolate bar and start rubbing the chocolate itself on the bottom of the jar. This polishing will make the surface of the tin bottom shine like a mirror. If you don't have chocolate with you, then toothpaste works exactly the same.
Make fire. After polishing, you essentially have a parabolic mirror. The sunlight will reflect off the bottom of the jar and focus on one spot. This is somewhat reminiscent of the principle of operation of mirrors in a telescope.
Turn the polished bottom of the jar towards the sun. This will create a perfectly focused beam of light aimed directly at the tinder. Place the tinder approximately 2-3cm away from the focal point of the sunlight. After a few seconds, a flame should appear.
While I can't imagine being somewhere on the edge of the world with a Coke can and a chocolate bar, this method of making fire really works.

Batteries and natural wool

As with the chocolate and the bottle, it is difficult to imagine a situation in which you might find yourself extreme conditions without matches, but with batteries and a piece of clean wool. But you never know how life will turn out. This method is quite simple and fun, so you can try it at home.
Stretch a piece of wool. It is necessary that the strip of wool is approximately 15 cm long and 1 cm wide.
Rub the battery with a piece of wool. Hold the strip of wool in one hand and the battery in the other. Any battery will do, but the optimal power is 9 W. Rub the “contact” side of the battery with wool. The wool will catch fire. Blow lightly on it.
Transfer the burning wool to the tinder. The wool will not burn for long, so hurry up!

IN field conditions There is no way without fire: it will warm you up, feed you and give you something hot to drink, dry your shoes and clothes, and help you send a distress signal. And for this you need to know how to light a fire , so that it burns as long as possible and gives maximum heat.

Making fire using traditional methods

The main sources of fire were and remain matches and a lighter. Matches are included in any survival kit. The following types are distinguished:

1. Resistant against wind and moisture (hunting).
2. Having a long piece of wood.
3. Non-grit options that generate fire from friction against any surface: stone, wall. They can be recognized by the double coloring of their heads.

To matches didn’t let you down at the right time, you need to do some simple recommendations:

• Proper storage: in airtight containers. To avoid ignition, avoid their friction and strumming.
• For economical use, the match is split in half and a fire is started by pressing the sulfur head to the ignition surface.
• A damp match can be dried by rubbing it over dry, clean hair.
• A candle will help you start a fire and save matches.
• It's always safer to have a spare box of matches.
• Ordinary matches must be additionally processed, otherwise there is no point in taking them with you on a hike.

Lighters, in turn, can be:

• alcohol;
• gasoline;
• gas.

You can take any of them, but, most importantly, they are not cheap. With the latter, building a fire will be delayed, and “you won’t be able to cook porridge.” A couple of flints in reserve would also be useful. They are suitable for making a “fire pencil”, which produces a spark from friction against any hard surface.

Procedure for making a fire

1. Prepare tinder or any flammable material:

• reed, especially its top;
• dry grass;
• paper;
• textile;
• cotton wool;
• small birch bark;
• crushed tinder fungi;
• needles;
• fir cones.

1. Collect brushwood and prepare firewood.

The first option ignites easier and faster, but does not burn for long. The main fuel is firewood. First, dry and thin ones are used, and after that you can add raw ones, from the heat. excess water will evaporate and the fire will not go out.

1. Prepare a place for the fire.

It is necessary to avoid options near dry trees, tents, and sleeping bags. The selected area with a diameter of 1-1.5 m is cleared, you can dig a small hole to make a fire. If the ground is wet or covered with snow, make a raised platform from fresh branches, earth or stones.

1. Build the “frame” of the structure.

Whatever type of fire a person chooses, several rules should be followed:

• leave fire access to oxygen;
• use as dry materials as possible;
• Use brushwood to light firewood.

1. Get fire and start a fire.

The spark hits the tinder, then small brushwood ignites and, as it burns, it ignites thicker branches and firewood. If necessary, a low flame should be maintained by slowly fanning.

How to start a fire with a lens?

The sun is a limitless source of energy. In cloudless weather, you can start a fire even with a small piece of glass. The main thing is to concentrate the sun's ray at one point. Tinder placed in focus in the form paper napkin or a nest of dry grass will give a flame that just needs to develop.

Also suitable: mirror, bottom of an aluminum can, glasses, piece pure ice. The lens can be made from a plastic bag or condom filled with water, which refracts light. All you have to do is press the container with water with your hands. the required form so that the sun's ray can focus on one point.

You can also start a fire using a piece of ice. The main thing is to use the warmth of your hands to give it the shape of a biconvex lens. It works on the same principle can. Only it does not refract the sun's ray, but reflects it. Before use, the bottom of the jar can be sanded, but it is important not to overdo it so as not to damage the outer shell.

How to light a fire using friction?

Even ancient people noticed that hard surfaces heat up when rubbed. Many homemade and industrial devices for making fire are built on this principle. One of them - flint. IN modern design This is a rod made of an alloy of iron, silicon and some metals. Flint is not afraid of moisture and wind. It is durable, unpretentious, does not require refueling or maintenance, and does not break. The resulting sparks have a temperature of 3000 °C.

The disadvantage of flint is that it is useless in the absence of dry tinder, which is difficult to achieve in certain weather conditions (rain, snow). Flint can be manual or semi-automatic. Working with the latter variety frees up one hand. Those who want to start a fire using flint should know that:

1. Alloy steel produces sparks better.
2. You should not use the blade of your knife instead of a knife. The latter will either become dull or burnt out, and you also cannot do without a reliable knife on a hike.
3. If you don’t have a chair, you can use the part of the hacksaw or knife closest to the handle.

You can light a fire using bow drill. To do this you will need a flat piece of wood as a base. You need to make a groove in it where the rod will be inserted. From the groove it is carried out drainage channel for the outflow of friction products and coals. A dry and strong branch no more than 1 cm thick is suitable for the rod. A bow is made from another branch up to 1 m long and 2 cm in diameter, tied with a bowstring from a shoe lace or a strip of cut belt. The rod is used to twist the bowstring. They insert it into the groove and begin to move the bow so that the rod rotates slowly at first, then faster and faster. This creates friction between the base and the rod. This does not injure your hands. At the required pace of movement, smoke appears, and then powder Brown or coals. Placed in tinder, they will allow you to make fire without matches.

You can light a fire without a bow, but then you will have to rotate the rod together.

For next method You will need ordinary wire with a diameter of 2 mm. The handles will be 2 sticks attached to its edges. They wrap a log with wire and try to saw off a piece of it. Once the tinder has caught fire, you can start a fire.

The simplicity of the method does not guarantee instant success. There is a dependence on the weather, tinder, and type of wood. In the summer, this technique will definitely work.

Starting a fire using the methods described above may not work the first time. Repeated training will be required to develop the appropriate skills.

Chemical fire making

You can start a fire using the thermal effect chemical reactions, in which the reagents are:

• Potassium permanganate and sugar (9:1).
• Bertholet salt and sugar (3:1);
• Potassium permanganate and glycerin (1-2 drops). When smoke appears, an additional drop of glycerin is applied, causing the mixture to spontaneously ignite.
• Potassium permanganate and antifreeze. 1 tsp is poured onto the paper. permanganate, add 2-3 drops of antifreeze and, tightly folding the paper, place it on the ground, covering it with tinder. Starting a fire occurs through a slow oxidation reaction accompanied by the release of heat. A large number of antifreeze will slow down the chemical reaction. Loosely folded paper will also reduce the temperature inside it.

Someone is counting chemical method receiving fire is strange, but in real conditions it works and helps someone.

Starting a fire using the standard method.

Before moving on to the question of how to light a fire without matches and a lighter, let's talk about standard methods breeding. Any survival kit must have matches or a lighter.

Matches can be of several types:
- wind and moisture resistant
- elongated with a long piece of wood
- non-grate matches that can ignite when rubbed against any surface

It is important proper storage and the use of matches:
— matches needed to be stored in airtight packaging
- if there are very few matches, then they can be split in half
- if the matches are damp, you can dry them by rubbing them on clean, dry hair
- always have a spare box of matches

A lighter may be more effective for starting a fire. Lighters are divided into alcohol, gasoline and gas. When choosing a lighter, you should not take the cheapest ones. Inexpensive lighters quickly evaporate alcohol and gasoline, and they can fail at any time. Always have a spare flint.

Procedure and rules for making a fire

To successfully start a fire, you must follow following rules and order:

1. To start a fire, you need to find tinder or a material that is easily flammable. Ideal for this:
- paper
- textile
- thin dry birch bark
- dry grass
- cones
- dry tinder

2. Prepare firewood and brushwood. The brushwood burns well. As soon as the brushwood flares up, you need to add firewood, which will be the main fuel. The brushwood must be dry. If the heat is high, then you can use damp firewood; the moisture from it will quickly evaporate.

3. You should be especially careful when choosing a place for a fire. The fire should be as far as possible from tents, dry trees, and buildings to avoid fire. If the place where the fire is lit is damp or covered with snow, then it is necessary to make an elevation of stones and earth.

4. Select the type of fire and arrange the firewood accordingly. In this case, it is necessary to ensure the flow of oxygen to the fire.

5. Get a fire and build a flame. Use matches, a lighter, or strike a spark and light the tinder, then light the brush. As soon as the brushwood flares up, you can set fire to thick wood.

How to start a fire using a lens

If you don't have matches and a lighter, you can start a fire using the sun and a lens. The sun has always been an unlimited source of energy, and on a clear day you can easily start a fire using a lens or even a piece of glass. To start a fire you need to concentrate Sun rays at one point. Concentrating the rays, ignite the tinder and build a fire.

If you don’t have a lens, then glasses, a mirror, the shiny bottom of an aluminum can are perfect, and in winter even a piece of clean ice will do. Also suitable for starting a fire plastic bag filled with water. Using your hands, shape the bag into a lens shape and concentrate the sun's rays. To start a fire using ice, use your hands to shape it into a lens shape. If you start a fire using an aluminum can, it can be sanded down for greater efficiency.

Making fire by friction

The most ancient method of making fire is friction. When friction occurs, the surfaces play out and you can get fire. Since ancient times, a bow drill was used to produce fire by friction, then flint and steel began to be used. Currently, flint and alloys of some metals are used as flint. Main feature flint is that it is not afraid of wind and water; the sparks produced can reach 3000 °C. To successfully start a fire using flint, you need dry tinder, which can be a significant problem in some conditions.

In the absence of flint, you can build a simple bow drill. For a bow drill you will need a flat piece of wood, a rod and a flexible branch for the bow. A rod rests against a flat piece of wood and is driven into rotation by means of a bow. Friction arises as a result of which fire can be produced. In a flat piece of wood it is necessary to make a groove for the rod and a channel for removing coals. A branch 1 cm thick is suitable for the rod. As a bow string, you can use rope, laces, or a belt cut into thin strips. The rod is rested against a piece of wood and wrapped around a bowstring. Moving the bow back and forth with the help of a bowstring, we transfer the rotation to the piece of wood. As a result of friction, the temperature rises. You need to add tinder to the groove. As soon as smoke appears, the tinder is fanned until a fire appears.

IN as a last resort You can do without a bow, then you will have to rotate the rod with your palms. But this method is not effective.
Although this method of starting a fire without matches and a lighter is simple, it will require skill to start a fire. You may not be able to start a fire the first time.

Starting a fire using a chemical method

You can start a fire using chemical reactions. To do this, you can use the following components:
— Potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate) and sugar in a ratio of 9:1
— Potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate) and glycerin (strictly use 1-2 drops)
— Potassium permanganate and antifreeze. For this method, pour 1 teaspoon of potassium permanganate onto the paper and add a few drops of antifreeze. The paper is rolled tightly and covered with tinder. As a result of slow oxidation, heat is released.

You can use cartridges to start a fire. You must be extremely careful with this method. It is necessary to remove the bullet, shot and hammer in flammable material (birch bark, cotton wool, moss). Next, we shoot into the ground next to the prepared tinder. In addition, you can ignite gunpowder using a chair.

The next method of starting a fire is quite exotic. You will need a battery and foil. The foil is folded in the middle to create a narrow place. Next, the battery poles are short-circuited using foil. Strong heating will occur in the twisted place, which will help build a fire.

If you go camping, then fire is the most important thing you can’t do without. Let's look at several methods and recommendations for starting a fire if, for example, your matches are damp or there are simply none.

Matches- the easiest way to get fire. Regular matches should be stored in an airtight container, packaged in such a way that they do not rattle, rub, or ignite. To make matches last longer, they can be split lengthwise into two halves. To light a split match without breaking it, press the sulfur head against the spark strip with your finger.

To light a damp match, strike it diagonally rather than along the spark strip.

If your hair is dry and not very oily, then rub a damp match on it. Static electricity will dry out the match. Every time you light a match, light the candle. You can light a lot of things with it, while saving matches. Even a small candle will last a long time if used carefully.

Getting fire with a lens
Sunlight focused by the lens can ignite the tinder. Use a magnifying glass from your survival kit, a camera lens, binoculars, or a spotting scope. Focus the sun's rays into one tiny bright point. Keep it in one place, covering it from the wind. When the tinder begins to smolder, fan the fire slightly.

Gunpowder from a cartridge
Remove the bullet from the case, pour the powder onto the tinder(s) and use the flint.
You can do it differently: leave half the gunpowder in the cartridge case and plug it with a piece of cloth.
Load the weapon with the cartridge prepared in this way and shoot it into the ground.
The smoldering tissue will be ejected from the barrel.
Put it on tinder.

Flint
This is a stone that is found almost everywhere.
If you hit it metal object, then hot sparks (a) are struck from the flint.
Using a piece of hacksaw blade included in your survival kit, you can create quite a large shower of sparks.

Accumulator battery
Connect two pieces of wire to the battery terminals. If there is no wire, use metal tools. Using car battery First of all, remove it from the car.
Slowly bring the bare ends of the wires together over the tinder.
Before they connect, a spark will fly between them. For this purpose, a piece of cloth soaked in gasoline is best used as tinder.

Fire Bow
By rotating a hardwood rod in a recess made in the base of soft wood, under the influence of friction, highly flammable wood dust and heat are generated. Both the spindle and the base must be dry.

Make a small indentation near the edge of the base.
From below, under the recess, cut out a cavity for the tinder. Give the rod that will have to be rotated a cylindrical shape. Make a bow from a flexible branch and a rawhide strap, twine or shoelace.
Use a notched stone or a piece of wood with a groove cut into it to press down on top of the rod as it rotates. Wrap the bow string around the shaft once. Place the bow in the recess of the base, and lightly press it on top with a stone or piece of wood prepared for this purpose. Move the bow back and forth to give the shaft a rotating motion.

When the rod begins to go deeper into the soft wooden base, increase the rotation speed. When the rod penetrates the cavity, increase the pressure on it and speed up the movements of the bow even more. Try to keep the rod in vertical position, working evenly with the bow. You can stand on a wooden base with one foot. Continue working the bow until the hot tip of the bow hits the tinder. Blow lightly on it to ignite the fire.

Rotating the rod by hand
This is a simplified version of the method of making fire described above.
Cut a V-shaped notch into the hardwood base.
Make a small indentation next to the notch.
Use a piece of hollow softwood stick as the rotating rod.
Roll the rod between your palms, pressing it into the indentation.
When the tip of the rod becomes red hot from friction, bring it to the tinder and fan the fire.
To increase friction, pour a pinch of sand into the cavity of the rod.

"Fire Plow"
Cut a straight groove in the softwood base, using a hardwood dowel to move quickly back and forth across the groove.
This creates tinder, which then ignites.

Making fire using chemicals
The following compositions ignite when rubbed with stones or under the end of a wooden rod, with the help of which fire is produced by friction. When mixing them, care should be taken to avoid contact with metal and store in a dry place.

Potassium chlorate and sugar in a ratio of 3:1. - Potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate crystals) and sugar in a ratio of 9:1. - Sodium chlorate and sugar in a ratio of 3:1.

Potassium chloride is included in some tablets used to treat throat diseases. Potassium permanganate is included in your emergency kit. Sodium chloride is a herbicide.

When working with chemicals use extreme caution. Sodium chlorate is flammable on impact - do not shake or spill it - the spilled chemical will ignite if stepped on!

But he didn’t tell me how to make fire in extreme conditions.

Starting a fire yourself is not always easy, even if you have matches. What to do if it rains in the forest? In this article I would like to talk about methods of making fire (both with ordinary matches, lighters, and somewhat extravagant methods). There are a great many of the latter, but I would like to make a reservation in advance: only really working methods will be indicated here, and/or those that are normal from the point of view of a healthy mind.

A simple example: in one of the films with Les Stroud, he starts a fire using shots from his rifle, namely, he disassembles the cartridge, installing tinder in place of the bullet and squeezing the cartridge case using a multitool. Agree, it’s strange that a person has a rifle and a multitool, but no simple matches or flint. This is still nothing, but he fired about 10 rounds there, and this means that in the worst case scenarios, 5(!) targets were hit. Such methods of starting a fire are stupid and you will not see them in this article.

Starting a fire using traditional methods

To begin with, I would like to talk about ways to start a fire using matches, lighters, and flint. Matches are a component of any survival kit; in almost every one of them you can find this small and effective remedy making fire. Eat Various types matches, namely:

1. water/wind resistant
2. ordinary
3. matches with a long piece of wood
4. greaseless matches.

Exist different kinds factory-made water and windproof matches, which are known among us as "hunting" matches, some of them are really good, but they are much more expensive than regular ones. It’s better, by the way, to take several boxes (this applies to all matches): a couple for testing and preparation, others directly to NAZ.

You can also recommend foreign matches "Windproof Waterproof Survival Matches" NATO NSN: 9920-99-665-4243. They are packaged in a sealed Plastic container. The chirkash for initiating matches is located outside the container and can get wet or damp, so if you wish, it is better to move it inside, or even better, add another chirkash cut from a matchbox.

Also interesting are the so-called strike-anywhere matches. They are ignited by friction against any hard surface (for example, a stone or a wall), and they can be identified by the double coloring of the head. Since they are sensitive to friction, they must be stored carefully.

There are also regular matches, but without additional processing It’s better not to put them in NAZ.

One of the simplest, and at the same time the best ways Processing of matches includes waxing. Matches are dipped into melted paraffin for a few seconds, no more (the paraffin should lie on the match thin layer). These matches burn longer and stronger than regular ones. You can also coat the head of a match with varnish, and, if necessary, remove this varnish by friction, for example, on a stone or a knife blade, but this method has fallen into oblivion because it is inconvenient and impractical.

It is better to store these and any other matches in airtight containers. Previously, for example, a case for 35mm film was popular, but now it’s difficult to get. Therefore, many reputable survivalists advise keeping matches in sealed plastic envelopes.

They are usually done. Take two pieces plastic film, and are sealed along three edges (put them between two sheets of paper, leaving a free edge of 1-2 centimeters, and go over it with an iron or soldering iron. Or you can weld the edges in the flame of a match). Place matches in this container (several, along with chirkash or a whole box), and weld the last edge. Sealed and convenient. You can also wrap the matches in waxed paper and put them in this container - you will have excellent tinder.

There are also factory containers, many of which already have chirkash, and some models have a small flint on the outside below.

Tinder- any material that ignites from a single spark. It can be birch bark, dry leaves, dry grass, or reeds that grow along the banks (or rather, its top part), V general options weight. Tinder is convenient: you ignite it, and the whole fire flares up from it. Many people recommend not relying on natural tinder, but also carrying your own tinder - a small box with burnt cotton wool or cotton wool soaked in Vaseline.

You can also carry lighters. There are a great variety of lighters:

• gas
• gasoline
• alcohol

You can take both gas and gasoline/alcohol ones, but it is important not to take cheap Chinese ones - they won’t light a fire. I also strongly recommend carrying a couple of spare flints with you for your lighter, because they can light a fire if something happens. Long ago, the UT magazine even published a recipe for such a “fiery pencil”: instead of a lead, flints from lighters were inserted into an ordinary pencil. When such a pencil was held against a hard surface, a spark was struck, which ignited the tinder.

Flint can also be used to start a fire. Flint represents metal plate(often with a notch, like a file) and round section a block (flint) of magnesium or a pyrophoric alloy. The latter is most often used, but if you have a flint with a firebox made of a pyrophoric alloy (most often it is mischmetal - an alloy of iron, magnesium, cerium and some lanthanides), then you can simply buy a separate magnesium block for kindling (available on sale).

How to work with flint is shown in the figure

There are also various eternal matches, the so-called. Lebedev Lights, ready-made kindling, but absolutely anyone will tell you that this is all nonsense, and none of this will be useful to you. The eternal match is fueled with gasoline, but the sparks it produces are not powerful enough, it is difficult to use, and the price is high. Lebedev's fire is simply ready-made kindling, which also needs to be set on fire, and many people carry it solely for one plus - this kindling cannot be extinguished until it burns itself... But the price outweighs this plus. For such purposes, it is recommended to have at least a couple of tablets of dry alcohol in your NAZ - this is an excellent kindling, and it is quite cheap, and it itself, for example, in dry rations is packaged in an airtight container along with chirkash and “hunting” matches, which is incredibly convenient.

We need to summarize. The following ignition means are recommended for NAZ:

1. At least two boxes of water- and wind-resistant matches (hunting). If you don’t have them, you can put waxed, hermetically sealed regular matches (although it is recommended to put them in addition to hunting matches).
2. Several lighters with a supply of flints for them.
3. Flint.
4. A supply of tinder (burnt cotton wool in a sealed box).

Starting a fire using unconventional methods

But what if you don’t have a NAZ (either your NAZ doesn’t have them, or they’ve run out), there are no stores with matches, and you yourself are caught in an emergency situation? A fire can be started in other ways. In this part you will learn how to make fire by friction and without matches.

Method number 1. Chemical reaction.

The fire can be lit as a result of the reaction of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate) and glycerin, or by rubbing the same potassium permanganate and sugar. Moreover, in the first case the fire will be at the beginning yellow color, but then it will become normal (interaction with oxygen will begin). The method is somewhat strange, but it works, and many NAZs have potassium permanganate (it is an excellent means for disinfecting water and for many other things).

Method number 2. Fire by friction.

You can effectively get fire using the so-called. "hand drill". Make a bow by tying a rope or string to the ends of a stick. Using a bow and a stick, which you will rotate with this bow, begin to drill a hole in a piece of wood. As a result of friction, there will be a kind of black dust, similar to fine coal. When this powder begins to smolder (due to friction), it must be transferred to tinder prepared in advance. It is important that the tinder and wood are dry, otherwise nothing will work.

See the picture for more details.

Method No. 3. Fire using a car battery.

However, you can use any other battery. Short-circuit the two wires coming from the negative and positive terminals. Light the tinder from the resulting electric arc.