Algorithm for rescuing a drowning person from water. Rescue a person on the water. Carrying out artificial respiration

06 August 2015

With the arrival of the heat, many townspeople have either already opened the swimming season or are planning to do so this coming weekend, fortunately the hot weather is conducive to this...

The hot sun drives everyone into the water: master swimmers and dummies, heavily drunk and with naughty hearts. Some jump into an unfamiliar pond, where the bottom may be strewn with snags and rebar. In this case, a fun pastime can turn into a tragedy.

So, vacationers should remember following rules:

Bathe better in the morning or in the evening, when the sun is warm, but there is no danger of overheating. The water temperature should not be lower than 17 - 19°C. You can swim in water for no more than 20 minutes, and this time should increase gradually, from 3 to 5 minutes. You can’t bring yourself to the point of chills. Hypothermia may cause convulsions, respiratory arrest, and loss of consciousness. It is better to swim several times for 15 - 20 minutes, and during the breaks play outdoor games: volleyball, badminton;

Do not enter or jump into the water after prolonged exposure to the sun. Peripheral vessels are greatly expanded for greater heat transfer. When cooling in water, a sharp reflex contraction of the muscles occurs, which entails cessation of breathing;

Do not enter the water while intoxicated. Alcohol blocks the vasoconstrictor and vasodilator centers in the brain;

If there is no equipped beach nearby, you need to choose a safe place for swimming with a gradual slope. Never jump in places that are not specially equipped;

Don't swim far, because... You may not calculate your strength. If you feel tired, do not get lost and strive to swim to the shore as quickly as possible. You need to “relax” on the water. To do this, be sure to learn how to swim on your back. By turning over onto your back and supporting yourself on the surface with light movements of your arms and legs, you can rest;

If you are caught in the current, do not try to fight it. You need to swim downstream, gradually, at a slight angle, approaching the shore;

Don't get lost, even if you're caught in a whirlpool. You need to take in more air into your lungs, plunge into the water and, making a strong jerk to the side, emerge.

To avoid tragedy and save a drowning person, follow the advice of rescuers:

Your help to the victim is often the only chance for him to return to life, they say at the State Inspectorate for Emergency Situations of the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations. - If by chance you happen to be the rescuer, then you need to remember a few rules.

1. You saw that the man began to drown.

2. There is no time to waste, but be careful. You only need to swim up to a drowning person from behind. Otherwise, in a fit of panic, he will begin to cling to you, you will drink too much water and you will have to save two people.

3. Swimming up to a drowning person, you need to grab him under the arms (or grab him by the hair), turn him face up and swim to the shore.

IMPORTANT! Don't let him roll over and grab you.

4. After you pull the drunk person out of the water, place him with his stomach on his bent knee, face down, and begin to press his hand on his back to pump the water out of the lungs. Make sure your head is lower chest. Use any piece of cloth to remove water, mud and vomit from your mouth and nose. If there is no vomiting, then you need to turn the victim onto his back and check the pulse.

5. It should be remembered that if breathing does not resume within 1-2 minutes, this can lead to the death of the victim. The main sign of cardiac arrest is the absence of a pulse and dilated pupils.

In this case, it is necessary to immediately begin mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration and chest compressions: 4-5 sharp pressures on the chest and then one air injection (16 breaths per minute, 64-90 pressures).

For older people, the pressure is gentle; for young children, apply pressure not with the palm, but with the fingers.

ATTENTION! You cannot do indirect massage when there is at least a weak pulse. By your action, you can, on the contrary, stop the heart. Therefore, before sharply pressing on the chest, make sure once again that there is no pulse.

Summer is a time long-awaited by many, but it is in the summer that situations occur, the danger of which, at best, allows you to escape with fear, and at worst, leads to death; drowning, in fact, is one of such situations. First medical aid for drowning, provided promptly and competently, can save a person’s life, and this, as you can guess, is by no means an exaggeration.

A man drowns: what happens to him?

When a person drowns, water enters through the upper respiratory tract, which in turn causes air to be pushed out. Therefore, the first event in drowning is laryngospasm, that is, a spasm of the vocal folds, resulting in the closure of the path to the trachea while breathing stops. This type of choking is defined as “dry choking.”

If the victim remains in the water for too long and if a significant volume of liquid enters his respiratory tract, oxygen starvation occurs. This, in turn, leads to the exclusion of the possibility of a vital reflex, which in this case is stopping breathing, and therefore a drowning person simply “inhales” water, which subsequently ends up in his lungs. Failure to provide first aid in case of drowning can result in the death of the victim before rescuers arrive at the scene.

Difference between sea and fresh water

Undoubtedly, it exists, no matter how you look at it. Thus, when more than one liter of water enters the human body, a number of its functions are disrupted, which is relevant regardless of the water options under consideration.

If fresh water enters the body, it ends up in the blood. This, in turn, leads to a change in its composition, which is especially reflected in the amount of protein and salt. In turn, this leads to trembling of the ventricles of the heart, and a kind of “rupture” occurs.

In front of the assembled sea water in the lungs, blood plasma enters the pulmonary alveoli with subsequent accumulation there. Subsequently this leads to.

Regardless of what kind of water is in the human body, its presence in it during such manifestations has an extremely negative effect on the condition of the victim and is dangerous for his life.

In case of severe overheating in the sun, overeating, or fatigue, you should refrain from swimming for a while. The point is that the jump into cold water can lead to so-called reflex cardiac arrest, which can cause sudden death.

The main cause of drowning is closure respiratory tract liquid, often water. If correct first aid is provided in a timely manner, a person can be saved, so now we will tell you how to save a drowning person in the water.
Contents of the article about rescuing a drowning person on the water

According to statistics, when assistance is provided a minute after drowning, about 90% of people can be saved. After 6-7 minutes, close to 1-3% can be saved. Most often, a person drowns due to his ignoring the safety rules for being on the water, fatigue, prolonged exposure to cold water, injury during diving, alcohol intoxication and other situations. Also, the threat of drowning occurs when.

First aid for rescuing a drowning person on the water

When you see a drowning person, you need to quickly run to the nearest shore. If a drowning person is on the surface of the water, you must calm him down. If this does not help, swim up to the drowning person from behind, grab him and pull him to the shore. If, in a state of stress, a drowning person frantically hugs you, try to dive into the water with him. At such a moment, he will probably let go of the rescuer in order to remain on the surface. This is a subconscious action.

If you see that a drowning person is sinking to the bottom, dive and swim along the bottom. If there is good visibility underwater, swim with with open eyes, in this case your rescue actions will be faster. If you approach a drowning person, grab him by the hair, arm or armpit and float to the surface with him. To do this, push off the bottom as hard as you can and paddle vigorously with your legs and free hand to row to the shore and.

The main methods of transporting the victim to the shore:

take the victim’s head by the chin from behind on both sides with your palms, row your feet towards the shore;

my left hand put it under the armpit of his left hand and, grabbing the wrist of the drowning man’s right hand, row to the shore (you will have one arm and legs);

Take the drowning person by the hair with one hand, place his head on your forearm and move towards the shore, holding his head above the water.

Assistance provided on shore

If possible, help the person anyway, whether it be water accident, a natural disaster or a person simply did not adhere to safety rules.

The victim is conscious

When you swim to the shore, provide first aid to the victim, first determining his condition. If he is conscious, has a pulse and is breathing, to provide assistance you must lay him on a dry, hard surface with his head bowed low. Remove the victim's wet clothes and dry them with your hands or a dry towel. If possible, give something hot to drink (not only tea and coffee, but also a little alcohol are suitable for this), wrap it in a warm blanket and let him rest a little.

The victim is unconscious, but has a pulse and breathing

In this case, tilt his head back and extend his lower jaw. The head should be kept low. You need to use your finger to free his mouth from silt, mud and vomit. Wipe the rescued person and warm him up.

The victim is unconscious, there is no breathing, but there is a pulse

If a person is not breathing, but the pulse is preserved (the heart is beating), then the victim needs to be given artificial respiration, having first cleared the airways.

No breathing, no pulse

If the victim is not breathing and a pulse is palpable, perform artificial respiration and cardiac massage.

Transporting a drowning person to medical institution

After cardiac activity is restored, the victim must be transported to the nearest medical facility. To transport the victim, place him on the stretcher on his side and lower the headrest. It is important to hospitalize a person quickly, as there is a danger of developing secondary drowning, during which acute respiratory failure, chest pain, cough, shortness of breath, agitation, a feeling of lack of air, coughing up blood, and increased heart rate occur. Within 15-72 hours after rescue there is a risk of developing pulmonary edema.

Relaxing by a pond is not always pleasant. Improper behavior in water or emergency situations can lead to drowning. Young children are especially at risk, but even adults who are good swimmers can become victims. strong current, the occurrence of convulsions, whirlpools. The sooner the victim is removed from the water and given first aid for drowning (removing fluid from the respiratory tract), the higher the chance of saving a person’s life.

What is drowning

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines drowning as respiratory distress caused by immersion or prolonged exposure to water. As a result, breathing problems and asphyxia may occur. If first aid to a drowning person is not provided on time, death occurs. How long can a person go without air? The brain can function for only 5-6 minutes during hypoxia, so it is necessary to act very quickly, without waiting for the ambulance team.

There are several reasons for this situation, but not all of them are accidental. Sometimes incorrect human behavior on the surface of the water leads to undesirable consequences. Key factors include:

injuries from diving in shallow water, in unexplored places;
alcohol intoxication;
emergency situations (seizures, heart attack, diabetic or hypoglycemic coma, stroke);
inability to swim;
neglect of a child (when children drown);
getting into whirlpools, storm.

Signs of drowning

The symptoms of drowning are easy to spot. The victim begins to flounder or gasps for air like a fish. Often a person uses all his energy to keep his head above water and breathe, so he cannot scream for help. Spasm of the vocal cords may also occur. A drowning man panics and gets lost, which reduces his chances of self-rescue. When the victim has already been pulled out of the water, the fact that he was drowning can be determined by the following symptoms:

bloating;
chest pain;
blue or bluish tint to the skin;
cough;
shortness of breath or shortness of breath;
vomiting.

Types of drownings

There are several types of drowning, each with its own characteristics. These include:

“Dry” (asphyxial) drowning. A person dives under water and loses orientation. Often a spasm of the larynx occurs, and water fills the stomach. The upper respiratory tract becomes blocked, and the drowning person begins to suffocate. Asphyxia sets in.
"Wet" (true). When immersed in water, a person does not lose his breathing instinct. The lungs and bronchi fill with fluid, foam may be released from the mouth, and cyanosis of the skin appears.
Fainting (syncope). Another name is pale drowning. The skin acquires a characteristic white, white-gray, bluish color. Death occurs as a result of a reflex cessation of the work of the lungs and heart. This often happens due to a temperature difference (when a drowning person is immersed in ice water) or a blow to the surface. Fainting, loss of consciousness, arrhythmia, epilepsy, heart attack, and clinical death occur.

Rescue of a drowning man

Anyone can notice the victim, but it is important to provide first aid in a short time, because someone’s life depends on it. When on the shore, the first thing to do is call a lifeguard for help. The specialist knows exactly how to act. If he is not nearby, you can try to pull the person out yourself, but you need to remember the danger. The drowning man is in under stress, his coordination is impaired, so he can involuntarily cling to the rescuer, not allowing him to grab him. There is a high probability of drowning together (if they behave incorrectly in the water).

Emergency assistance for drowning

When an accident occurs, you need to act quickly. If there is no professional rescuer or medical worker nearby, then first aid for drowning should be provided by others. The following steps should be followed:

Wrap your finger soft cloth, clean the mouth of the rescued person with it.
If there is fluid in the lungs, you need to put the person on his knee with his stomach down, lower his head, and make several blows between the shoulder blades.
If necessary, perform artificial respiration and cardiac massage. It is very important not to put too much pressure on your chest to avoid breaking your ribs.
When a person wakes up, you should free him from wet clothes, wrap him in a towel, and let him warm up.

Difference between sea and fresh water for drowning

An accident can occur in various water sources (sea, river, pool), but drowning in fresh water different from immersion in a salty environment. What is the difference? Inhaling sea fluid is not as dangerous and has a better prognosis. The high salt concentration prevents water from entering the lung tissue. However, the blood thickens, causing pressure on the circulatory system. Complete cardiac arrest occurs within 8-10 minutes, but during this time it is possible to resuscitate a drowning person.

As for drowning in fresh water, the process is more complicated. When fluid enters the cells of the lungs, they swell and some cells burst. Fresh water can be absorbed into the blood, making it thinner. Capillaries rupture, which impairs cardiac function. Ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest occur. This whole process takes a few minutes, so death occurs much faster in fresh water.

First aid on the water

A specially trained person must be involved in rescuing a drowning person. However, it is not always nearby, or several people may drown in the water. Any vacationer who knows how to swim well can provide first aid. To save someone's life, you should use the following algorithm:

You need to gradually approach the victim from behind, dive and cover the solar plexus, taking the drowning person by the right hand.
Swim to shore on your back, row right hand.
It is important to ensure that the victim's head is above the water and that he does not swallow any liquid.
On the shore, you should put the person on his stomach and provide first aid.

First aid rules

The desire to help a drowning person does not always bring benefits. Misbehavior by a third party often only makes the problem worse. For this reason, first aid for drowning must be competent. What is the mechanism of PMP:

After the person is removed from the water and covered with a blanket, symptoms of hypothermia (hypothermia) need to be checked.
Call ambulance.
Avoid deformation of the spine or neck, do not cause damage.
Commit cervical region, placing a folded towel.
If the victim is not breathing, artificial respiration and cardiac massage should be started.

In case of true drowning

In approximately 70 percent of cases, water enters directly into the lungs, causing true or “wet” drowning. This can happen to a child or a person who cannot swim. First aid for drowning includes the following steps:

palpation of the pulse, examination of the pupils;
warming the victim;
maintaining blood circulation (raising legs, bending the body);
ventilation of the lungs using breathing apparatus;
if the person is not breathing, artificial respiration must be performed.

With asphyxial drowning

Dry drowning is somewhat atypical. The water never reaches the lungs, but instead the vocal cords spasm. Death can occur due to hypoxia. How to provide first aid to a person in this case:

perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation immediately;
call an ambulance;
when the victim came to his senses, warm him up.

Artificial respiration and cardiac massage

In most cases of drowning, a person stops breathing. To bring him back to life, you should immediately begin active steps: perform a heart massage, perform artificial respiration. A clear sequence of actions must be followed. How to do mouth-to-mouth breathing:

The victim’s lips should be parted, mucus and algae should be removed using a finger wrapped in a cloth. Allow fluid to drain from the mouth.
Grasp your cheeks so that your mouth does not close, tilt your head back, lift your chin.
Pinch the rescued person’s nose and breathe air directly into his mouth. The process takes a split second. Number of repetitions: 12 times per minute.
Check the pulse in the neck.
After some time, the chest will rise (the lungs will begin to function).

Mouth-to-mouth breathing is often accompanied by cardiac massage. This procedure should be performed very carefully to avoid damaging the ribs. How to proceed:

Place the patient on a flat surface (floor, sand, ground).
Place one hand on the chest, cover with the other hand at an angle of approximately 90 degrees.
Apply rhythmic pressure on the body (approximately one pressure per second).
To start the baby’s heart, you should press on the chest with 2 fingers (due to the baby’s small height and weight).
If there are two rescuers, artificial respiration and cardiac massage are performed simultaneously. If there is only one rescuer, then every 30 seconds you need to alternate these two processes.

Actions after first aid

Even if a person has regained consciousness, this does not mean that he does not need medical care. You should stay with the victim, call an ambulance or seek help from a doctor. It is worth knowing that when drowning in fresh water, death can occur even after a few hours (secondary drowning), so you should keep the situation under control. If you remain unconscious and without oxygen for a long time, the following problems may occur:

disorders of the brain and internal organs;
neuralgia;
pneumonia;
chemical imbalance in the body;
permanent vegetative state.

To avoid complications, you should take care of your health as quickly as possible. A person rescued from drowning should take the following precautions:

learn to swim;
avoid swimming while intoxicated;
do not go into too cold water;
do not swim during a storm or in deep water;
Don't walk on thin ice.

Video

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How to properly save a drowning person? How effective are pre-medical resuscitation actions? What should be done after first aid before the arrival of doctors? You will read about this and much more in our article.

Almost always, the correct provision of first aid to a drowning person saves the life of the victim, since a professional medical team will not have time to arrive at the scene of the incident on time, even if it was called immediately after the formation of such a situation.

How to properly pull a victim ashore?

It should be noted that important element The potential salvation of a drowning person, if he has not yet had time to submerge under water for a long period of time, is his correct pulling out, ensuring not only the possibility of resuscitation of the victim, but also the safety of the helper.

Basic scheme for rescuing a drowning person:

First aid for a drowning person

After the victim has been brought ashore, it is necessary to begin the necessary resuscitation actions.

Algorithm of actions for providing first aid in case of drowning (briefly point by point):

from liquid or foreign substances. The victim’s oral cavity is opened, dentures, vomit, mud, and liquid are removed from it. When drowning directly in the water, the rescuer places the person with his stomach on his knee, face down, to allow the liquid to flow freely. Two fingers are placed in the victim’s mouth and pressure is applied to the root of the tongue to induce vomiting, which helps free the airways and stomach from water that has not yet been absorbed;
Active pre-resuscitation actions. As part of first aid, it is necessary to continue inducing vomiting in the victim in the original position from point 1 until a cough appears. If the effect this process does not give, then in the vast majority of cases there is no free fluid in the respiratory tract and stomach, since it has already been absorbed;
Immediate resuscitation. The victim is turned over on his back and placed in a horizontal position, after which the rescuer begins cardiac massage and artificial respiration.

How to provide first aid in case of drowning, watch the video:

In case of true (wet) drowning

How to provide first aid to a drowning person? As part of the provision of pre-medical first aid when rescuing a drowning person, when the incident occurred directly within the reservoir and a large amount of water entered the human body, the previously described measures are carried out.

Their average duration takes from 2 to 3 minutes for the primary two stages. In this case, direct artificial respiration and indirect cardiac massage are effective for an average of 6-8 minutes. After 10 minutes have passed and there are no signs of heartbeat or breathing, it is highly likely that the person cannot be saved.

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An important factor at true drowning The circumstances of the incident also appear. So in salt water, a person’s chances of surviving in the absence of breathing and heartbeat are higher, since irreversible processes occur later than in the case of choking with fresh water - vital processes can be restored within 10-15 minutes.

In addition, water temperature also makes a certain contribution. When drowning in a cold or icy liquid, the irreversible processes of destruction slow down significantly. In some cases, resuscitation practice recorded situations where a person was brought back to life by performing chest compressions and artificial respiration 20 and sometimes 30 minutes after drowning.

For asphyxial (dry) drowning

Asphyxial or dry drowning is a pathological circumstance that occurs as a result of spasm of the glottis and suffocation when water does not penetrate the respiratory tract.

In general, this type of incident is considered more favorable in the context of the potential for resuscitation of a person.

What to do in case of dry drowning? First aid for dry drowning generally coincides with first aid, as for classic drowning, however, the second stage (attempts to induce vomiting and free the airways with the stomach from accumulated fluid) is skipped and direct resuscitation actions are immediately applied to the victim.

Resuscitation actions

As part of resuscitating actions to provide emergency care for manual drowning, two main procedures are performed - indirect cardiac massage and artificial respiration. The basic rules for assisting a drowning person are presented below.

Artificial respiration

The victim lies on his back, the airways are opened as wide as possible, and any foreign objects that impede breathing are removed from the oral cavity. If there is an air duct of a medical design, it must be used as part of first aid for a drowning person.

Rescuer takes a deep breath and exhales air into the victim’s mouth, covering the wings of his nose with his fingers and supporting his chin, pressing his lips tightly to the victim’s mouth. As part of forced ventilation, the person's chest must rise.

The average inflation time is about 2 seconds, followed by a 4 second pause for a slow reflexive lowering of the drowned person's chest. Artificial respiration in case of drowning is repeated regularly until stable signs of breathing appear or an ambulance arrives.

Indirect cardiac massage

Activities to start cardiac activity can be combined with artificial respiration as part of their alternating shift. To begin with, you should first strike with your fist in the area of the projection of the heart– it should be of medium strength, but quite sharp and fast. In some cases, this helps to immediately start the functioning of the heart.

If there is no effect, you need to count two fingers down from the sternum to the center of the chest, straighten your arms, placing one palm on top of the other, focus on the connection of the lower ribs with the sternum, and then apply pressure strictly perpendicular to the heart with both hands. The heart itself is compressed between the sternum and the spine. The main efforts are carried out with the entire torso, and not just with the arms

The average depth of compression should not exceed 5 cm, while the approximate frequency of compression is about 100 manipulations per minute, in cycles of 30 times with a combination of ventilation of the lungs.

The general cycle, therefore, looks like this: 2 seconds of inhaling air into the victim, 4 seconds for his spontaneous exit, 30 massage manipulations in the heart area and repeating the cyclic double procedure.

Providing first aid to children

It is worth noting that the chances of resuscitating a child from drowning are significantly less than those of an adult, since irreversible processes leading to death develop much more quickly.

On average, you have about 5 minutes to try to save a drowned child.

Algorithm for providing first aid to a drowning child:

Pulling the victim ashore. Carried out as quickly as possible, while respecting general rules precautions described earlier;
Clearing the upper respiratory tract from foreign substances. You should open the child’s mouth, try to free it from any kind of foreign substances, including water, then put your knee and place the baby’s stomach on it, at the same time causing the gag reflex in the latter by pressing on the root of the tongue. The event is repeated until the child develops an active cough and water along with vomit stops actively flowing out;
Resuscitation measures. If the procedure from the previous paragraph has no effect or there are signs of a “dry” type of drowning, the child turns over on his back, is placed in a horizontal position and is given an indirect cardiac massage, as well as artificial respiration.

Further rescue actions

If the victim managed to start breathing with a heartbeat, then he lies on his side, while continuing to remain in a horizontal position. The person is covered with a blanket or towel to keep warm, while his condition is constantly monitored and if breathing or heartbeat stops again, manual resuscitation is resumed.

It should be understood that regardless of the circumstances, even if a person is in satisfactory condition it is necessary to wait for the arrival of the ambulance team, which will provide first aid medical care when drowning. Specialists will competently assess the potential risks for the victim and decide on the need or lack thereof for hospitalization.

In some cases, significant amounts of water enter the lungs, secondary cerebral edema and other symptoms appear after a certain period of time, medium-term health does not exist only when more than 5 days have occurred after drowning, and no pathological symptoms have appeared in the person.

Types of drownings

In general modern medicine distinguishes three types of drowning:

True drowning. The main sign of such an incident is that it hits large quantity water into the lungs and stomach, against the background of which swelling of the corresponding tissues occurs and irreversible destruction of their structure. Occurs in one in every 5 reported cases;
Asphyxial drowning. It can also occur in water, but the liquid itself does not penetrate into the lungs and stomach, since before this process a pronounced spasm of the vocal cords is formed with a complete stop of respiratory activity. All basic pathological processes are associated with direct suffocation and shock. Occurs in 40 percent of cases;
Syncopal drowning. It is characterized by a reflex arrest of cardiac activity, in the vast majority of cases it causes almost instant death. Occurs in 10 percent of cases;
Mixed drowning. Has signs of both classic “wet” and asphyxial drowning. It is diagnosed in an average of 15 percent of victims.

Difference between sea and fresh water

Classical medicine distinguishes between drowning in fresh and sea water according to a number of characteristic features:

Fresh water. The alveoli are stretched and the corresponding fluid penetrates into the bloodstream by direct diffusion through a violation of the integrity of the alveolar-capillary membrane. Hypotonic hyperhydration develops sharply, and the functioning of blood flow is disrupted.
Due to the absorption of hypotonic water into the vascular bed, pulmonary edema, hypervolemia, hyperosmolarity, and blood thinning with an increase in its volume are formed.
Fibrillation occurs in the ventricles, which cannot cope with big amount"diluted" biological fluid. In general, irreversible damage occurs quickly;
Salty water. Fluid enters the alveoli, which leads to hypertensive dehydration, an increase in the amount of sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium, as well as chlorine in the blood plasma. In fact, it is not liquefaction that occurs, but rather a thickening of the blood, while irreversible damage to the body occurs more slowly compared to fresh water (up to 25 percent).

The processes described above are often classified into separate categories of descriptive characteristics of the medical literature of the 20th century.

Modern large-scale studies indicate that the pathogenesis of drowning in fresh and salt water does not differ significantly in the context of clinical danger.

Accordingly, the difference in potential resuscitation capabilities is virtually negligible and amounts to only a few minutes. As real practice shows, the chances of restoring brain function and vital signs increase significantly in cases of drowning with very low temperatures, especially in children with low body weight.

Some doctors have recorded cases of complete resumption of life 30 minutes after drowning, while the victim had no breathing or heartbeat all the time.