Aerated concrete blocks D500. Aerated concrete blocks and their technical characteristics Scope of application of partition blocks

Aerated concrete blocks are popular building materials that have their own advantages and disadvantages. If you want to protect yourself from unnecessary consequences, you should recognize in advance all the qualities of aerated concrete blocks.

It is this material that is used in the construction of load-bearing structures, the strength of which will become the foundation for your own home.

What does it consist of?

Aerated concrete is cellular blocks that are produced by autoclave curing. Used as raw material quartz sand, cement, water, lime, aluminum powder. All presented ingredients are placed in an autoclave.

Ease of processing. For the presented material, this quality can be considered an undeniable advantage. This product can be made without special effort saw and cut hand tools, thanks to which you will receive standard and non-standard sizes. In a dry state, such products will have a thermal conductivity coefficient of W/m°C.

You can find out what the thickness of a load-bearing wall made of aerated concrete is by reading the article.

Thermal insulation indicators. Aerated concrete blocks D500 and D600 are characterized by structural thermal insulation properties. This product has low thermal conductivity. Thanks to this, it is possible to achieve reliable thermal protection during frosts. IN summer time a house built from aerated concrete does not overheat. It contains all the normal living conditions.

The main differences between foam concrete and aerated concrete, as well as which material is more reliable, can be found out from this

Sound insulation indicators. Aerated concrete blocks have the ability to dampen extraneous sounds. The degree of sound insulation depends on the brand of the product, the thickness of the aerated concrete solution and the thickness of the walls. This indicator is also influenced by the technology of laying materials.
Fire resistance of the material. Aerated concrete is non-flammable material highest class of fire resistance. Buildings whose fencing and bearing structures built from such blocks, belong to the highest degrees of fire safety.
Environmental friendliness. Each brand of blocks is characterized by such quality as environmental friendliness. To determine this indicator, a series of tests are carried out, during which it is possible to obtain the designation of the qualification coefficient. The level of radioactivity of aerated concrete blocks is much lower than all acceptable standards. During the use of the presented material, no toxic components are released. In terms of environmental friendliness, such material is not inferior to natural products.

About how long it takes to dry cement strainer flooring can be learned from this, since repairs and the use of aerated concrete are always associated with pouring the foundation.

Lightness of the material. The standard product is characterized by dimensions of 625x100x250 mm, and its weight is 8 kg, and average density 500 kg/m3. Thanks to this mass, it is possible to reduce the solution consumption and construction time.
Resistance to biological influence. Aerated concrete blocks are products that serve as an unfavorable environment for development various bacteria and microbes. Even under such conditions as a temperature of 30 degrees and a humidity of 98% will not affect the development of harmful microorganisms. In this regard, aerated concrete is superior to wood; in addition, there is no need to treat it with antiseptics.

You can find out which one is best suited from this article.

On video - specifications aerated concrete blocks:

How to make it and what it consists of is described in this article.

Flaws

These were all the advantages of aerated concrete, and now it’s worth considering the disadvantages:

Fragility. Due to low compressive strength and low flexural resistance, this material is considered brittle. Strength indicators aerated concrete walls directly depends on a precisely equipped foundation. The construction of the foundation is a mandatory activity, thanks to which it is possible to obtain minimal shrinkage. If this is not done, the gas blocks will crack, and after a few years the entire building will begin to collapse. In this case, you need to take care of the tape monolithic foundation and block reinforcement.
High level of water absorption material serves as an obstacle to the implementation of high-quality finishing measures. There are cases when a layer of plaster will not be firmly fixed to the surface. To reduce the level of water absorption, it is necessary to treat the walls with primers.
– this is a weak base for fastening. It is very difficult to mount massive objects in such a wall. Here you should always use plastic butterfly dowels. These fasteners, compared to self-tapping screws, are perfectly attached to the surface. However, in this case there is a risk that they will become corroded, rendering them unusable. However, you can find fasteners that stick to the surface quite well.
Low frost resistance. To ensure everyone necessary conditions it is necessary to use the D500 product. Such a block is characterized by frost resistance indicators that do not exceed 25 cycles. However for facade cladding 50 cycles are required. Many distributors of such material specifically exceed these indicators, which are typical for products with a higher density.
Aerated concrete has increased levels of free lime, as a result of which the corrosion processes of metallic inclusions are activated.
The low cost of the material declared by the manufacturers, given the durability indicators, is a little exaggerated.
Lifetime aerated concrete also raises certain doubts. This is achieved due to the fact that mass construction using gas silicate blocks began relatively recently, so it has not yet been possible to test their durability.

Construction from aerated concrete is popular and, nevertheless, conversations about the quality of aerated concrete blocks and the prospects for long-term operation do not subside to this day. You can find fault with any building material, but as they say, a bad dancer...

Most problems are fictitious or related to misuse. An objective analysis of the characteristics and properties of the material will be a guide on how to choose aerated concrete correctly.

Aerated concrete - what is it?

Aerated concrete (aerated concrete blocks) is the most talked about modern wall materials. Is a type of lung cellular concrete. Its structure resembles a concrete “sponge”, since the entire volume of the block consists of cells (bubbles with a diameter of 1-3 mm). Due to this it has a low weight large size, easy to cut and retains heat well (subject to external finishing, for example).

To understand what an aerated concrete block is, you need to familiarize yourself with the technology of its manufacture.

Aerated concrete production technology

First, a mixture of components is prepared, which includes Portland cement, fine sand (quartz), water, lime and a gasifier (most often, this is an aluminum suspension). Then the mixture is placed in a container where the swelling process occurs, as a result of which voids appear inside the concrete. These air bubbles give aerated concrete its properties. The frozen block is removed from the mold and cut to size. In this way, gas blocks of a given shape are obtained.

There are two methods for producing aerated concrete blocks:

autoclave;
non-autoclave.

To give aerated concrete strength, the blocks are doused with water vapor in an autoclave and placed until completely dry. drying chambers. This is how autoclaved aerated concrete is produced. After such processing, the blocks have more constant characteristics.

Non-autoclaved aerated concrete is cheaper. Produced by moistening and drying under natural conditions.

By the way, the formation of aerated blocks from an already hardened mass is the key difference between aerated concrete and foam concrete. This same fact causes the most heated debate among consumers, because the pores of the material remain open with this processing method. We will give a test for the professional suitability of aerated concrete below.

Manufacturers of aerated concrete blocks

According to reviews, the best manufacturing companies for gas blocks are:

Bonolit (Bonolit Staraya Kupavna), Grasse (Maloyaroslavets), Ytong (Itong - trademark companies Xella (Germany), Poritep (Germany) Nizhny Novgorod), El-Block (Kolomna), H+H (LLC "X+H RUS"), LLC "GAZOBETON" (Ivanovo), Plant "Aerok-SPb" (St. Petersburg), EuroAeroConcrete ( Slantsy).

As we see, mainly domestic producers. Not counting handicraft mini-factories, there are several dozen more famous manufacturers on the market.

Aerated concrete blocks - pros and cons

What are the advantages of aerated concrete and what are its disadvantages?

Advantages:

light weight. Gas block D500 with standard dimensions 300x250x600 mm weighs 30 kg. For comparison, the same volume of bricks (which is 22 pieces with dimensions 60x125x250) weighs 100 kg. That is, the speed of work increases and the requirements for the foundation are reduced;

ease of processing. The material is easy to cut using regular hand saw with pobedite soldering;

fire resistance. Limit of resistance to direct influence fire is 4-7 hours (depending on brand and thickness);

affordable price.

Supporters and opponents give different arguments (active discussion on forums, reviews), while referring to experience, personal use And advertising brochures. We suggest you understand the main statements about aerated concrete in order to be confident in your choice:

Safety of aerated concrete - dangerous to health or not?

The radioactive background indicator is 54 Bq/g, while the permissible norm in housing construction is 370 Bq/g. According to GOST 30108-94* “Construction materials and products. Determination of specific effective activity natural radionuclides" In accordance with GOST:

Hygroscopicity of aerated concrete - does it absorb water or not?

The ability to absorb moisture is easier to demonstrate with an example. One of the users conducted a test on the absorbency of aerated concrete. Cube dimensions 95x80x95 mm, weighing 592 g. and a density of 800 kg/m3. placed in a container with water. The prototype was completely submerged in water after 12 hours. After 18 hours from the moment of immersion, the cube already weighed 277 grams. more. Those. it took on 47% of its mass in water. It is obvious that its density has increased. Consequently, the load on the foundation will increase. At the same time, the cube changed color. After extraction, the original properties returned to the experimental sample after 8 days.

This example illustrates that aerated concrete is extremely hygroscopic, and therefore requires mandatory exterior decoration. In addition to the pressure on the foundation, the water in the block can freeze and expand part of the aerated concrete masonry.

The fragility of aerated concrete - does it crumble or not?

Yes, it crumbles. But, this disadvantage can be easily eliminated by additional reinforcement of the structure, which is produced directly during the construction process. In addition, an increase in the density of the block entails an increase in its strength and thermal conductivity, as shown in the figure.

Chemical aggressiveness

Aerated concrete contains lime, which can cause oxidation and corrosion of the reinforcing metal. The solution is to protect the metal or use polymer bonds.

Shrinkage cracking

The porous structure of aerated concrete causes cracks to appear. Cracks can be leveled at the stage of selecting and pouring the foundation or eliminated by finishing the exterior of the building.

As we can see, despite the statements of opponents, the disadvantages of aerated concrete as a material for low-rise construction are not so critical and can easily be eliminated. Material prepared for the website www.site

Aerated concrete blocks - technical characteristics

Structuring the main properties

1. Density of aerated concrete

This indicator is indicated in the labeling and determines the purpose of the block:

structural gas blocks - D1000-1200, have a density from 1000 to 1200 kg/m3;

structural and thermal insulation blocks - D500-900, have a density of 500-900 kg/m3;

thermal insulation D300-D500, the density of their materials is 300-500 kg/m3.

Blocks of different densities are easy to distinguish from each other visually.

Brands of aerated concrete

The best option for low-rise construction would be to use aerated concrete grades D500 and D600.

Aerated concrete blocks D600

Brand D600 is used in construction load-bearing walls Houses. It is also recommended for use in the construction of ventilated facades, which are well attached to blocks of such density. D600 gas blocks have a strength of 2.5-4.5 MPa and a thermal conductivity of 0.14-0.15 W/(m°C)

Aerated concrete blocks D500

Brand D500 is the most popular aerated concrete in low-rise (up to 3 floors) construction. Its parameters are 2-3 MPa (strength) and 0.12-0.13 W/(m°C) (thermal conductivity).

The characteristics of these brands are given in more detail in the table. When building a house higher than three floors, you should give preference to aerated concrete with a marking higher than D600 and additionally insulate the walls.

Note. The ability of aerated concrete to retain heat decreases as it gets wet.

Based on the value of the thermal conductivity coefficient, we can conclude that aerated concrete with density grade D500 is 15-17% warmer than D600.

Aerated concrete blocks D400

The D400 brand is also popular in private construction. Such blocks are used for thermal insulation of openings. With high strength, it has great heat-insulating properties. These indicators are in the range of 1 MPa to 1.5 MPa (strength), 0.10-0.11 W/(m°C) (thermal conductivity).

Aerated concrete blocks D350

Brand D350 can only be used as insulation. On domestic market This is a rather rare brand due to its fragility. Strength is in the range of 0.7-1.0 MPa. But it differs in thermal conductivity, which is 0.08-0.09 W/(m°C).

2. Types and types of aerated concrete blocks

By appearance There are several configurations of aerated concrete block. The classification is based on the purpose of the block.

Flat (straight) aerated concrete block with hand grip

An absolutely smooth rectangular gas block with recesses for hand gripping. The gripper is easy to use because it allows you to easily move the blocks.

Note. The presence of grip handles increases the consumption of glue, since the technology of laying aerated concrete involves filling all voids during the work process.

Regular rectangular shape reduces glue consumption, but creates difficulties in moving the block. In practice, when constructing load-bearing walls where larger blocks are used, preference is given to a block with a grip.

They are blocks with flat edges. Partition blocks are thinner and lighter in weight. It's convenient to work with them.

Note: You can cut any designs on straight blocks using a screwdriver. But such decor is more likely to be used in finishing a site with the remains of blocks from construction rather than in the construction itself, since it is advisable to protect aerated concrete with external finishing material.

Tongue-and-groove aerated concrete wall blocks

The formation of a tongue-and-groove connection system, in terms of production complexity, is classified as a high-tech block processing. Therefore they differ more high cost. However, it is justified because: it increases the speed of work, reduces glue consumption (vertical joints do not require gluing), and it becomes possible to eliminate cold bridges in places of vertical joints.

Note. If the house will not undergo external finishing. It is better to apply a thin layer of glue with front side masonry This will provide additional insulation to the seam.

U-shaped aerated concrete blocks

The purpose of U-shaped blocks is to install hidden construction elements (for lintels and monolithic belts). According to the technology, masonry of aerated concrete walls requires mandatory reinforcement of the first and every fourth of the subsequent rows. It is precisely in order to conveniently hide the reinforcement that the voids in the blocks are intended U shape. After laying the reinforcing metal, the space must be filled concrete mortar or glue. In this case, you should use more cheap material for filling.

Gas block for reinforcement

This type is used to make formwork along the outer contour of the walls.

Diagonal gas blocks (semicircular)

Depending on the number of defects, aerated concrete blocks are divided into two categories (grades I and II), according to GOST 31360-2007 “Non-reinforced wall products made of autoclaved cellular concrete. Specifications». Comparative characteristics categories are shown in the table.

Despite the fact that gas blocks of the second category are somewhat cheaper, it is better to purchase a higher quality 1st grade. Blocks of the first category used in the construction of load-bearing walls must be the same color, without cracks or chips.

4. Dimensions of aerated concrete blocks

The dimensions of aerated concrete are regulated by documents in accordance with the standards:

GOST 31360-2007 “Non-reinforced wall products made of autoclaved cellular concrete;

GOST 25485-89 “Cellular concrete”;

GOST 21520-89 “Small cellular concrete wall blocks”;

SN 277-80 “Instructions for the manufacture of products from cellular concrete”;

GOST 31359-2007 “Autoclave-hardening cellular concrete. Technical conditions".

Deviations in the dimensions of gas blocks reduce installation time due to the absence of the need for grinding and adjustment.

Thickness of aerated concrete blocks: 200, 250, 300, 350, 375, 400, 500 mm.

The thickness of the partition blocks is 100-150 mm.

Length of aerated concrete blocks: 600, 625 mm.

Height of aerated concrete blocks: 200, 250, 300 mm.

Weight of aerated concrete blocks: 14-34 kg.

In 1 cubic meter from 13 to 33 pcs. (depends on thickness)

Consumption per 1 sq.m. walls is 6.7-7 pcs.

The exact parameters are shown in the tables below.

Parameters for U-shaped gas blocks

Dimensions of aerated concrete blocks (LxWxH) different manufacturers and the number of pieces on the pallet

5. Documents

To avoid purchasing low-quality material, you should ask for all product certificates (conformity, sanitary, fire, fire resistance tests).

6. Packaging of aerated concrete blocks

The integrity of the packaging indicates that the gas block has not taken on water and will meet the requirements for density, weight and moisture content. The increase in thermal conductivity depending on the level of humidity is shown in the graph.

7. Price of aerated concrete blocks

When buying blocks you need to know what affects the price of gas. The most significant factors include:

place of purchase. The price differs depending on the region. Sometimes even the manufacturer turns out to be more expensive than the dealer;

season. In winter, during the period of suspension of construction, many materials, incl. and aerated concrete, significantly cheaper;

availability and delivery costs. Remember, when delivering an order using its own transport, the seller is responsible for the goods to the place of unloading. In the case of self-pickup, you need to calculate the load-carrying capacity of the machine and ensure that you have soft slings to securely secure the material and prevent damage;

quantity of purchased material. Here you need to think about how the material purchased in bulk will be unloaded and stored;

fame of the brand under which the product is supplied to the market. Famous brand- This is a guarantee of the quality of the purchased product.

The cost of aerated concrete per cube of market leaders is shown in the table

As you can see, the pricing policies of manufacturers are not much different (competition affects them). Therefore, when ordering, you should be guided by the proximity of the place of purchase of aerated concrete to the place where the house is being built. Because A significant part of the savings will be consumed by delivery.

Conclusion

A balanced approach to the selection of aerated concrete blocks will eliminate mistakes that will result in undesirable consequences. Especially when it comes to such a large-scale project as the construction of an aerated concrete house.

The construction material It has excellent porosity and high quality.

Most often, the D500 brand is used for the construction of buildings no more than three floors, and in most cases it is considered a reliable load-bearing foundation. Since the porosity is lower than that of the D400 brand, the degree of thermal insulation is lower. But, at the same time, the gas block is characterized by increased reliability and improved sound insulation properties.

The partition block from Bonolit is a high-quality building material, which is a clear manifestation of the excellent combination of long service life and affordable price.

Scope of application of partition blocks

Partition blocks D500 with dimensions 600x150x250 are often used to create all kinds of dividing structures, both in residential premises and in industrial facilities. The foundation itself becomes the support for aerated concrete, or attic floor, but subject to compliance following requirements: sufficient strength, adequate noise and heat insulation, and fire resistance.

As for the advantages of partition blocks D500 size 600x150x250 from Bonolit, the strengths should be highlighted:

Relatively light weight.
Sufficient strength and maximum durability.
Versatile, suitable for interior work and self-supporting structures.
Excellent heat and sound insulation.

Buy septal block, everyone can in our online store at the most affordable price. High quality material guaranteed.