It is better to fill the road with gravel or crushed stone. Filling roads. Road construction technology. Dirt bed, DIY dirt road

Especially if getting to your dacha by public transport is a problem. And anyway, give me a ride Construction Materials, fertilizers, furniture, you never know what? Okay, if from the stop it’s ten meters along the path, but what if it’s a couple of kilometers? You're not there! And if there is no entrance, how can you not make a road at your dacha with your own hands and for your own convenience!

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Video version of the article

What to make a road from

Roads are divided into roads with and without paved surfaces. The first includes roads made of asphalt, concrete or paving stones (cobblestones), the second - dirt roads. What is right for you is 95% dictated by your budget.

The most expensive and most durable are roads made of cut stone (cobblestone). The next most expensive is less durable concrete and, finally, asphalt. “Primer” is a much cheaper option, but, of course, also less durable.

Concrete is not much cheaper, but at least it is much more technologically advanced. It is quite possible for two people to lay even a kilometer of concrete road during the summer season. Obviously, it’s not a highway, but it’s possible to travel in one lane. With a coating thickness of 7-10 cm (and less does not make sense) with a width of 3 m, about 0.25-0.3 m 3 of concrete will be needed per linear meter. Material for a road of one hundred meters (taking into account crushed stone, sand and a minimum of reinforcement) will cost 180-250 thousand rubles.

Asphalt requires road equipment, which is unlikely to be found in a dacha farm, so it hardly makes sense to consider how to make a road in a dacha with your own hands from asphalt concrete.

A dirt road with crushed stone (gravel) surface seems to be the most attractive option in terms of financial costs.

How to make a road with your own hands

Whatever option you choose, the following is still the main tool for road construction.

Tools needed for road construction

Shovel, crowbar, pickaxe. These are the tools you will need for alignment. roadbed and soil development.
For direction and elevation marks, you will need even stakes (you can hammer them in with the butt of the same ax that was used for planing): a pair of long ones - for setting the direction; a dozen short ones, half a meter each. One hundred meters of strong cord.

Crushed stone of fraction 20-40 is used as ballast for roads with concrete pavement, leveling sand layer not satisfied. If heavy vehicles can travel along the road, it is advisable to reinforce the fabric with a knitted mesh with a mesh side of 250-300 mm made of reinforcement A-I diameter 6 mm. Or welded wire mesh with a mesh side of 150-200 mm and a wire diameter of 3-4 mm.

Not used for road surfaces inventory beacons made of galvanized steel, since over time the concrete around them deteriorates, and the beacons themselves, when worn out and broken, create a danger for the wheels. The concrete is laid on beacon slats, which are removed after the composition has set (usually the next day or a day later). The remaining grooves are sealed with concrete of the same grade using fine aggregate.

For the canvas, concrete of a grade of at least 200 is used with a layer thickness of at least 100 mm.

Dirt bed, DIY dirt road

Do not assume that it is enough to level a strip of land and the dirt road is ready. Similar constructive solution can lead to the fact that after a couple of autumn rains, from a structure that makes movement more convenient, the road will turn into an effective fortification structure, and to overcome it (and across it) you will need a tractor.

First you need to remove the plant layer, and then lay the geofabric. Then the canvas is covered with loam, which is compacted with a tamper or carefully rolled. The final stage of the dirt road will be compaction of the roadbed with crushed stone. To do this, crushed stone of fraction 20-40 is scattered in a thin layer and driven into the ground with a tamper.

Such a road can serve without repairs long years even in fairly busy traffic.

It remains to say about two more mandatory events for the road:

For all types of roads, be sure to make a slight (about 3%) slope for water drainage, from the middle to the edges;
If possible, we make drainage ditches (ditches) along the road (Fig. 2).

Conclusion

As you are convinced, road construction is far from being as simple a matter as it might seem at first glance. However, now you are armed with theory and, of course, you can handle it.

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One of the problems in Russia is roads, but in the condition they are in, this is no longer a problem, but a real disaster. It takes a very long time to wait for roads to be repaired in the city and on federal highways, and it is almost impossible to wait for a new road leading to the dacha to be built. In addition, even if you are lucky and this road is built, the quality of such a road will not be the best, since no one has canceled kickbacks. The only option in this situation it will be DIY installation roads.

Laying the road yourself is an interesting option, but requires a certain approach. You can make a road alone if only you will use it. It often happens that having made a path for yourself, everyone who is not too lazy will use it, but it is impossible to prohibit it. Therefore the most the best option- chip in with neighbors.

Now let's look at how to make a road to your summer cottage with your own hands.

How to make a road to your house cheaply

As a rule, for a dacha cooperative you can make the simplest and cheap way, which is quite enough to drive normally, not through mud. To do this, you can fill it with crushed stone, gravel or slag. It's pretty practical option, and also not too expensive. What does that require? First you need to remove the top fertile layer of soil, which is approximately 25-30 centimeters. Width common road It is best to make it 4-5 meters wide so that two cars can pass each other freely; if you are making a road for yourself, then 2 meters wide will be quite enough. Then you need to pour a layer of sand, approximately 20 centimeters, and compact it well, watering it with water. When the sand is compacted and dry, a coating of crushed stone, gravel or slag is poured and leveled. The height of the coating layer should be about 10 centimeters. It’s best to roll with a roller, but if you don’t have one, you can use a heavy truck, for example a KAMAZ that brought crushed stone.

How to make a quality road

In order to make a quality road you will need asphalt. Please note that if you want to build a new road, you must obtain permission from the land owner to build it, otherwise the road will be illegal and may be demolished. If the road passes through the same place, then permission may not be obtained, but it is still better to clarify this point.

More attention must be paid to laying asphalt. Just like in the previous case, you will need to make a base. To do this, it will be necessary to remove a layer of soil. This time we remove not only the fertile layer of soil, but also with the expectation that the top layer of asphalt will be slightly above ground level, a few centimeters.

To begin, lay a sand cushion 10 centimeters high and compact it well. After this, you need to fill in a layer of crushed stone. If only passenger vehicles will travel along the paved road, then the layer of crushed stone should be approximately 15 centimeters. After this, the crushed stone must be well rolled with a roller, at least 5 times. At the same time, using a level, you need to organize the slope of the road at this stage so that water flows from it. The slope should be slight, but ensure good water flow. If this is not done, then rainwater and water after the snow melts will form into puddles, and accordingly destroy the asphalt surface. It is in order to extend the life of the asphalt surface that a slope is made.

When the crushed stone is well compacted, we lay asphalt. We lay asphalt in several layers. For regular country road where trucks will not drive, 2 layers of asphalt 4-5 cm each will be enough. It is best to lay asphalt using special equipment so that it is evenly distributed over the entire section of the road. We recommend rolling the asphalt with a roller whose weight does not exceed 5-6 tons, so that it does not roll the asphalt too tightly. Rolling should be done approximately 5 times.

After the asphalt surface has been laid, we recommend that the edges of the road be arranged in such a way as to ensure water drainage.

I want to cover it with rubble small area country road passing by the house.

The road is full of potholes, is it necessary to first fill them with something and smooth out the road a little? Or will it be enough to properly level the crushed stone? If necessary, what is better than Anatoly?

Nikita level-compact-fill with crushed stone-compact and asphalt

Gennady don’t forget to compact it with a vibrator after backfilling.

Artem The ideal option is to fill the potholes with crushed stone, then sand over the entire area, then crushed stone over the entire area.

Dmitry sand and small pebbles, compacted and then crushed stone

Nikolay first with stone and earth, then with crushed stone

Arthur can be done right
it can be simpler for yourself
you can leave
each case has a different technology

Anton The base needs to be leveled with sand, at least 10 cm, then crushed stone, the covering is asphalt concrete. If crushed stone is placed on the ground, the water does not drain away.

crushed stone on the road

How to make a parking lot for a car from crushed stone? | Topic author: Yaroslav

In summer the soil is quite hard, grass does not grow, but in autumn and spring it’s a disaster; the ruts, puddles, in March the rear wheels froze - they almost cut them out with an ax. Yuri doesn’t want global structures.

Konstantin there is a material that allows water to pass through, but does not allow grass to grow and, accordingly, crushed stone will not go into the ground on it - put it before pouring crushed stone, then fill it with crushed stone, and after crushed stone - screening. I don’t remember what the material is called, but they know at the hardware store - ask.

Mikhail Just buy a 2-4 stove... and install it. . costs 15,000 rubles))) And so it’s useless to throw crushed stones on the homeless...

Vladimir Crushed stone, then screening in the cracks

Pavel You fall asleep and level

Peter The construction of the site begins, like many earthworks, with the removal of surface soil Eduard in order to clear the site of rhizomes, grass and other debris. An even layer of river sand 10-20 cm thick is poured into the resulting hole. The sand is compacted very well. As in other works, sand can be watered for better compaction and compaction. It is advisable to provide for a slope and drainage for water on the site in advance, and along the contour of the parking lot to form something like a drainage with pipes, backfilling with crushed stone and drainage excess water into the ground. Then the site is not afraid of rain puddles or water remaining after washing the car.

Sasha, on your crushed stone, and even with sand underneath, there will be the same swamp as on plain soil. Crushed stone is not an independent coating. Crushed stone is poured for asphalt paving, or used for concrete mixtures.

In addition, crushed granite crushed stone will cost you good money.

How they make roads in our dacha cooperative))).

The cheapest gravel Ilya crumbles into thin layer sand Victor, then the motorists themselves compact it with their wheels, where it fails, they add it, then Boris brings asphalt cuttings and scatters it on top. Motorists are again diligently compacting it, the sun heats it up and glues it together. It turned out well, you can drive. Anyone who doesn’t like the black color of the surface has to bring dirt in their cars and gradually sprinkle it on the road... it becomes the color of clay

Maxim I don’t recommend gravel, it crawls under the wheels. You can make it from boards 3-4 cm thick, first lay boards across the platform and then 2 wide ones along under the wheels or two each and fasten them with nails. You don't have to cut it, it's cheaper.

Apr 15, 2015 - We are going by car to Crimea: which road to take, the ferry crossing, .... It is better to stay overnight in Rostov-on-Don. At the entrance to...

It’s easier to build roads leading to a private home yourself: local authorities and regular highways rarely repair them. Therefore, comfortable transport links from the main highway to the entrance to the site are often the work of the land owners.

You can organize the construction of a road to the site either independently or together with your neighbors, who will also use the new section of the equipped entrance. Moreover, if the path to their property lies through it, you will not be able to prohibit the use of the road. Thus, in order to avoid unpleasant situations, the first thing to do is to come to an agreement with your neighbors. Building a road is not necessarily an expensive or labor-intensive process. Below we present several ways to lay the canvas. different quality and cost.

Preparatory stage

Before building a road to the site, it is necessary to mark the area. You can use ordinary pegs and a rope that should be stretched between them.

To correctly lay out the terrain you need to adhere to established rules according to SNiP 2.07.01-89:

1) Lane width in locality to groups of buildings should be 2.75 meters, the minimum number of lanes is 2.
2) To separately standing houses lay secondary driveways 3.5 meters wide in the amount of one lane.
3) Roads between sections in the depths of the block must correspond to a width of 2.75-3.0 meters with a pedestrian sidewalk of 0.9-1.0 meters.

At the same time, on single-lane roads it is necessary to install pockets to allow oncoming traffic flow through every 75 meters; at the facades of buildings with an entrance, the width of the road is increased to 5.5 meters.

Dead ends should not exceed 150 meters, they must be equipped with a turn to turn around garbage trucks and fire trucks.

The boundary of the road section is regulated by SNiP 30-02-97. According to the document, the distance from the house to the road must be at least 5 meters, this is required by the rules fire safety. The fence should not oppress roadway. A more accurate distance can be clarified according to the urban planning plan at the local administration.

Method 1: soil compaction

Compacted soil is the most inexpensive way to organize travel, but the most unreliable: such a road will have to be compacted periodically. This version of the device is suitable for those streets where there is no heavy equipment, and the surface has dense and dry soils: rocky, coarse sand. Soil compaction is useless on fine clays and loose rocks.

Compaction of the top layer of soil is carried out by heavy equipment:

The bulldozer will level out the main uneven areas and remove the top layer;
The roller will compact the soil.

The cost of the road, in fact, will only include the rental of equipment.

Method 2: filling with crushed stone

The road to the dacha covered with crushed stone is an option often found in rural areas and private cooperatives. It is not washed away by water, the backfill can withstand the load even from infrequent movement of heavy trucks. The canvas will last a long time if it is laid using the correct technology.

How to make a road:

The first step is to remove the top layer of soil: it is the most loose and unsuitable for covering. Cut the soil with a grader or bulldozer. The thickness of the layer is determined individually, on average - 20-30 cm.
Laying geotextile under the first and subsequent layers of the road pie is mandatory: it strengthens the base.
We move on to arranging the sand cushion: it drains the incoming water and prevents the coating from eroding or changing shape. You should choose coarse sand, pour a layer of at least 20 cm onto the surface of the future road and compact it well.
Now we lay out the first layer (10-20 cm) of coarse crushed stone with a fraction of 40-70 mm. Here you can add broken concrete and brick. We water it, compact it and cover it with geotextile or a special road mesh on top. You don’t have to do this, but the fabric holds the stones in place better and the canvas will hold tight.
We pour a second layer of smaller crushed stone (20-40 mm) on top of the first and also water it, compact it, and cover it with geotextiles.
Next, we drive the grader onto the site and level the plane of the canvas according to the design.
Now we strengthen the road surface with fine gravel 5-20 mm and roll it. It will fill the space between large particles and make movement along the canvas comfortable.

The cost of 100 meters of such a road is about 20-30 thousand rubles. You can save money and get by with one layer of crushed stone, but such a coating will have to be constantly updated. Its cost will be 15,000 rubles. for 100 linear meters.

Method 3: road slabs

These are ready reinforced concrete products. They are released in different sizes, accordingly, the price depends on this. For example, 2P 30.15-10 has dimensions of 3000×1500×160 mm and costs approximately 6-6500 rubles. It’s a bit expensive, but this type of slab covering has a number of advantages:

1) Vehicles of any weight can drive on the road without damage;
2) The canvas does not blur;
3) When correct installation the plates do not break.

If it is planned to build a road to a site of short length, this option is optimal. The cost of 1 meter, based on the slab we chose, is about 4 thousand rubles.

Before laying the slabs, the soil is cut off, compacted, covered with geotextiles and sand, then with crushed stone. Such a cushion will take on the loads and distribute them over the entire surface of the slab, preventing it from breaking.

Method 4: Laying asphalt

This is the first thing that comes to mind when it comes to road construction. Indeed, this is the most durable and comfortable road surface, but only if it is laid properly. In turn, this process is very labor-intensive and requires the use of special equipment and materials.

Before constructing the roadway, it is necessary to obtain permission from the owner of the road; in the case of the private sector, this is consent from the settlement administration.

Entrust the construction of asphalt better for professionals, the cost of carrying out work with the materials and equipment used will be approximately 50 thousand rubles per 100 meters of asphalt road surface. If all standards are followed, the process will take a week.

Method 5: paving stones and paving slabs

These are aesthetic types of road surfaces, ideal for arranging the entrance to the site up to the front door.

If you compare paving stones and slabs, you can come to the conclusion that they are approximately the same product: there is no clear distribution in shape, thickness, or color. The main difference is bearing capacity elements:

The tiles are suitable for covering sidewalks and driveways for light vehicles;
Heavy equipment can drive on paving stones without damaging the surface.

Conclusion: it is advisable to choose paving stones for access to the territory and between areas. It is better if it is carved from solid hard rock. The tile is ideal for garden paths, local area and recreation areas. Owners of private houses who have chosen paving stones to cover the road to the site also use it to construct the surface of the local area - the product is in no way inferior to tiles in terms of aesthetic properties.

What you will need to lay tiles and paving stones:

Cement-sand mortar, which can be prepared directly at the construction site;
Bayonet and shovel shovels;
Grinder with replaceable discs for cutting curbs and paving stones if necessary;
Roulette;
Hydraulic level;
Rake;
Sand trowel, can be replaced with a board with a nailed handle;
Trowels;
Rubber hammer for fixing paving stones. The regular one won't do.
Container for mixing components;
Watering hose with rain nozzle;
Vibrating plate for compacting soil and sand.

It is not difficult to build a road surface from paving stones, just follow the algorithm:

After marking, remove the layer of soil with shovels, checking the evenness of the bottom with a level. It is necessary to achieve the maximum flat surface grounds. When constructing a driveway between sections, this work can be performed by a bulldozer.
At high level groundwater Along the edges, additional trenches are dug for pipes.
Geotextiles are laid on the prepared bottom. If you need to overlap the canvas, it should be 30-50 centimeters. It is necessary that the edges of the trench are also closed.
Pour 10 cm thick sand onto the bottom and water it generously from a hose with a rain nozzle. We compact it thoroughly with a vibrating plate several times, wetting the sand each time.
We cover the sand with geotextiles and set up the borders, checking their evenness.
We rub the seams between the curbs with thin concrete and leave them to harden.
We fill in crushed stone with a fraction of 5-20 mm in a layer of 10 cm and compact it with a vibrating plate.
Cover the layer with geotextile again and begin laying paving stones or tiles.
Prepare the solution: mix 5 parts sand and 1 part cement with enough quantity to create a thick but fluid mixture. We spread it on the prepared base in a layer of 4-8 cm. Level it with a rake.
We lay tiles or paving stones according to a pattern or randomly (depending on the shape of the product). To maintain the distance, we use crosses for the seams. If trimming is necessary, it should be done in advance before laying out the mortar. Each element is tapped with a rubber hammer.
After laying out the path, we sweep and walk along the surface with a vibrating plate.
Fill the joints between the paving stones and the tiles with regular sand.

Access to a site made of paving stones is an expensive proposition, but the road will last for decades without the need for repairs.

The cost of the road is determined by the price of materials, on average up to 5 thousand per square meter.

Arrangement of the entrance with wooden sleepers

You can often find entrances to private territory, decorated with sleepers. It's cheap and effective method creating a passage in a small area.

1) Remove the top layer of soil;
2) It is advisable to lay geotextiles;
3) Fill the crushed stone with a layer of 20 cm and compact it;
4) Lay out the sleepers.

Crushed stone removes water from the tree and the sleeper is better preserved. Plus of the method - low cost road section.

How to build a drive through a ditch

It happens that along the site there are laid drainage ditches, and there is no way to bury them. The solution would be to lay pipes in the ditch. How to arrange travel:

We carry out work in dry weather. At the bottom of the pit, pour a layer of crushed stone of at least 20 cm. It will serve as a drainage cushion so that when the seasons change, the soil does not push out the pipe and change its position.
We lay a pipe made of metal or asbestos cement with a diameter of at least 20 mm so that, if necessary, it can be cleaned of debris.
Fill the pipe with sand and gravel mixture and compact the layer.
We concrete the edges of the pipe to fix its position.
Fill the soil to the required level and compact it.
We design the road surface in any way.