State sanitary and epidemiological regulation
Russian Federation

SOIL SANITARY PROTECTION

Entomological research methods
soils of populated areas
for the presence of preimaginal stages
synanthropic flies

Guidelines

MU 2.1.7.2657-10

Moscow 2010

2. Recommended for approval by the Commission on State Sanitary and Epidemiological Standards under the Federal Service for Surveillance in the Sphere of Protection of Consumer Rights and Human Welfare (protocol dated December 3, 2009 No. 3).

3. Approved by the Head Federal service for supervision in the field of consumer rights protection and human well-being, Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation G.G. Onishchenko July 9, 2010

4. Entered into force from the moment of approval.

5. From the moment of introduction of these guidelines, paragraphs 1 - 4, 6, paragraph 2 of Appendix 6 of MU No. 28-6/3 of the Ministry of Health of the USSR “Methodological guidelines for the control of flies”, approved on January 27, 1984, are considered invalid. M., 1985.

2.1.7. SOIL, CLEANING PLACES,
PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION WASTE,
SOIL SANITARY PROTECTION

Entomological research methods
soils of populated areas
for the presence of preimaginal stages of synanthropic flies

Guidelines

The development of the embryo in the egg, depending on the temperature of the substrate, occurs within 8 - 25 hours. After hatching from the eggs, the larvae quickly penetrate into the thickness of the substrate and concentrate in the areas most favorable for them. As the larvae develop, they grow and molt 3 times. At a substrate temperature of 30 - 40 °C, the development of larvae ends within 4 - 5 days, at 20 - 25 °C - 7 - 9 days, at 16 - 18 °C - 12 - 18 days. Before pupation, the larva stops feeding and crawls into cool and dry layers of the substrate or loose soil surrounding the waste at a distance of up to 2 m. If the area on which the waste bins (waste) are located is paved or tightly compacted, then the larvae can crawl at a distance of 3 - 5 m or more and burrow into loose soil to a depth of 10 - 20 cm. About 20% of the larvae migrate into the soil surrounding the cold substrate, into the soil around high-temperature waste (manure) and from liquid waste - more than 95% of the larvae. Most often, pupae are found in soil at a temperature of 18 - 25 ° C and a humidity of 20 - 40%. The development of housefly pupae at a substrate temperature of 20 - 25 °C lasts 8 - 9 days, at 16 - 18 °C - 13-19 days, blowflies at a substrate temperature of 20 - 25 °C - 7 - 8 days. At favorable conditions temperature and humidity of the substrate, the development of pupae can end within 3 - 4 days. On average, the total duration of development of all preimaginal stages (from egg to adult), depending on temperature, substrate humidity and type of flies, is 10 - 13 days at 30 °C, and more than 30 days at 16 - 18 °C.

Rice. 1. Stages of housefly development Musca domestica. 1 - eggs; 2 - larva
3rd age; 3 - pupa; 4 - newborn fly; 5 - adult fly (male);
6 - frontal bladder; 7 - unexpanded wings; 8 and 9 - oral
hooks and anterior spiracles of the larva; 10 - posterior spiracles

Inside the pupa, the process of transformation (metamorphosis) of the larva into an winged fly occurs. The exit of newborn flies through the soil layer depends on the density of the soil: up to 90% of flies pass through dry sand, and no more than 10% of flies pass through wet sand (10% humidity). Newborn flies overcome a layer of dry sand up to 150 cm thick. garden soil more difficult for flies to pass through than sand. A layer of soil of 30 cm is overcome by 80% of newborn flies, a layer of soil of 50 cm is overcome by only a few. Compacting the soil can reduce the number of flies that hatch. The emerging flies are capable of flight within 1 - 1.5 hours; their body coverings dry out and their wings spread. They either remain near waste accumulations or fly away to feeding areas and can travel distances of up to 10 km or more. The lifespan of flies in summer is 1 - 1.5 months. During this period, female flies can lay eggs 6 or more times.

In temperate climates, synanthropic species of flies overwinter in the adult stage in cool rooms, falling into rigor mortis. They become active again when the air temperature rises to 6 - 10 °C. The bulk of the fly population overwinters in the pupal stage. Larvae of the 3rd instar overwinter in rotted layers of waste, manure, soil near accumulations of waste, often at a depth of 25 - 50 cm. Flies emerge from overwintered pupae in March-May, during the period when the average daily temperature of the soil (waste) is 7 - 10 days rises to 11 - 14 °C. IN southern regions The breeding of flies in warm years is also possible in winter.

III. Research methods and sampling

3.1. The survey program is determined by the goals and objectives of the study, taking into account the sanitary and epidemiological condition of the area.

3.2. First of all, the territories of medical and preventive, educational, children's institutions, food enterprises, residential complexes, recreation areas, irrigation and sewage disposal fields. Sanitary and entomological surveys must accompany sanitary surveys of populated areas, carried out as part of routine sanitary supervision, and are mandatory during control at waste neutralization and disposal sites. Sampling locations are marked on a schematic map reflecting the structure of the location of objects in the area. In a city, you can limit yourself to a list of addresses of objects.

3.3. Entomological assessment sanitary condition soil settlement carried out by systematically examining and taking samples from waste accumulations and the soil around them. IN middle lane In Russia, inspection of potential fly breeding sites should be carried out once every 10-15 days, starting from the second decade of May to the third ten-day period of September, when the outside air temperature consistently exceeds 8-10 °C. In the southern regions, surveys of fly breeding sites are carried out regularly, starting from the third ten days of April to the first - second ten days of October (depending on the weather conditions of the year).

3.4. Sampling is carried out selectively, 3 to 5 samples per area of ​​100 m2, at least 10 samples in total over the area of ​​the planned construction (mass of the combined sample is 1 kg). Soil samples are taken with a shovel (spatula) from an area of ​​20x20 cm to a depth of 10 cm directly at the waste collection sites themselves and at a distance of up to 1 - 1.5 m around the perimeter. In early spring and late autumn, samples should be taken at a depth of at least 20 cm to detect overwintering fly pupae.

3.5. The number of larvae and pupae should also be counted in waste piles (compost), from where the larvae migrate into the soil. At 5 - 6 points along the perimeter of the object they are thrown upper layer waste (manure, soil) and visually determine the presence of fly larvae and pupae. The most accurate method is to take samples into a cuvette and count larvae (pupae) on average per 1 cuvette (20×15 cm), or per 1 half-liter jar. Since larvae (pupae) are unevenly distributed in the substrate (soil), samples taken from 5 - 6 points in one object represent the average number of preimaginal stages of flies colonizing the substrate. You can count the larvae per 1 kg of taken substrate. It is necessary to use a single sampling method in all examined objects, counting larvae and pupae.

3.6. The substrate with the larvae (pupae) in it is placed in vessels (plastic glasses, jars), covered with calico napkins and secured with rubber bands. Samples are labeled and recorded in a sampling log. The samples are transferred to the laboratory and left until the flies hatch. Subsequently, the species composition of hatched flies is determined. This data is necessary to characterize the sanitary and entomological state of the soil (waste) in different areas and objects of the settlement. When taking samples, it is necessary to record the temperature of those layers of waste from which samples are taken and the temperature of the outside air.

3.7. Twice during the fly season, a mass survey of potential fly breeding sites is carried out. For these purposes, the number of objects examined is increased by 3-5 times, which makes it possible to more accurately determine the degree of contamination of the soil of various objects by fly larvae (pupae) and to assess the sanitary and entomological condition of the entire settlement and its individual sections (neighborhoods).

IV. Assessment of sanitary and entomological indicators of soil in populated areas

4.1. The number of larvae and pupae in the sample is visually recorded using the following scale:

When taking into account the population of the soil, using weight indicators, calculate per 1 kg of substrate:

These indicators are evaluation criterion sanitary and entomological condition of soil (waste) in a populated area (facilities).

4.2. Based on all samples taken in one object, the average number (abundance) of larvae and separately pupae per sample in the object is calculated. When determining the general sanitary and entomological condition of a settlement (neighborhood), an occurrence criterion is established, i.e. percentage of places (plots, yards, objects, etc.) in the soil of which fly larvae and/or pupae were found.

4.3. The results of the examination are recorded in a special journal, which indicates the date of the examination, the characteristics of the object in which the examination was carried out, the place where the sample was taken (garbage bin, compost, landfill, etc.), type of substrate, air (substrate) temperature, number of larvae and pupae in the sample. When flies hatch in the laboratory - their species composition (app.).

4.4. The received materials are summarized, analyzed and a retrospective forecast of the entomological situation is made. synanthropic flies in a populated area. These materials are the basis for planning sanitary and extermination measures.

V. Precautions

5.1. Workers counting the number of pre-imaginal stages of flies and taking substrate samples must be provided with special clothing: a robe or overalls, a headscarf (cap), rubber gloves. To protect the respiratory system, use gauze bandages or respirators.

5.2. Staff must be provided with detergents and towels.

5.3. During the inspection of fly breeding sites, it is not allowed to smoke, drink, or eat.

5.4. After the examination, the protective clothing is removed and ventilated. Wash when soiled in a soap-soda solution. After the examination, the face and hands are thoroughly washed with soap. Cuvettes, tweezers and other equipment, gloves are thoroughly washed after work. hot water with soap (soda).

VI. Equipment you need to have to conduct surveys

1. Overalls, gloves, gauze bandages, respirators - according to the number of workers.

2. Enameled (plastic) cuvette - 2.

3. Different tweezers - 3.

4. Air thermometers - 3.

5. Scissors - 2.

6. Sterile and non-sterile cotton wool - 150 g.

7. Sterile and non-sterile bandages - 3.

8. Towels-2.

10. Soda ash - 200 g.

11. Plastic vessels (glasses) - 50 pcs.

12. Notebooks (magazines) - 2.

The epidemiological situation in the region largely depends on the sanitary and entomological condition of squares, parks, green areas, recreation centers, territories of medical institutions and other objects that are natural environment habitats of insects and arthropods. All organizations on the balance sheet of which they are located are required to carry out timely entomological survey territories.

Why is an entomological survey necessary?

Ticks, fleas, dipterous insects and other representatives of the entomofauna are carriers of dangerous diseases. A set of measures aimed at reducing the number of harmful insects should be developed based on the biology of each species and their habitat conditions.

Biological observations of insects and ticks are carried out by entomologists and epidemiologists. This is done before acaricidal and insecticidal treatments in order to determine the species that pose a danger and the level of biological contamination of the object. Then, to confirm the effectiveness of the manipulations, a repeat entomological examination is carried out.

Experts identify adults of insects and blood-sucking arthropods to species. Such robots should carry out experienced specialists having the appropriate license. A professionally conducted entomological study allows you to correctly select effective drugs for extermination activities. Conventionally, all work can be divided into two parts: field and laboratory research.

Evaluation of research results is carried out by specialists. Exist guidelines regulating the conduct of such events. According to the law, every current, planned or emergency sanitary and entomological study of territories must be accompanied by the execution of a whole package of documents: protocols, acts, expert opinions.

Our company offers entomological research indoors and outdoors. We carry out the following types of work:

You can order from us both a comprehensive study of objects and laboratory studies of selected mites and insects.

An entomological survey of the territory is an important component of the process of exterminating ticks, which are carriers of dangerous diseases. The purpose of such a study is to assess the current situation and determine the density of tick infestation of open spaces subject to acaricidal treatment.

Entomological survey of the territory

Most often to objects for which entomological survey is mandatory, include:

• Children's health camps,
• Park areas,
• Forest parks, especially the path network,
• Holiday homes and sanatoriums and others open spaces, where there is a risk of contracting tick-borne encephalitis.

You can also always contact the microbiological laboratory at the SES for laboratory research ticks found on clothing or on the body.

Why is an entomological examination necessary?

Sanitary and entomological research of territories is carried out by entomological specialists with the following goals:

• Assessment of the object under study for the presence of arthropods,
• Determination of insect species diversity in the study area,
• Development of a set of measures to exterminate ticks and other insects in a given outbreak,
• Selection of the most effective drugs for acaricidal treatment,
• Carrying out subsequent monitoring of the population of the territory with ticks after completion of disinfestation measures,
• Providing recommendations regarding preventive measures.

Based on the results of the study of the object, the entomologist draws up an act of entomological survey of the territory , which contains all the necessary information about the mites of the object.

When carrying out entomological control, a SES specialist, using various techniques and methods, collects ticks from the study area, counts their number and, using a number of formulas, calculates the coefficient of population of the given territory with these ticks. dangerous insects. In addition, the detected ticks are then examined in the virological laboratory of the sanitary and environmental service for the presence of the virus. tick-borne encephalitis followed by drawing up a laboratory test report.

Depending on the number of insects, the most effective preparations and methods of acaricidal treatment are selected - as a rule, for large areas the generation of hot fog has proven to work best.

Approximately 5-7 days after the acaricidal treatment, specialists again conduct an entomological examination to ensure the quality of disinsection, and draw up an expert opinion issued by an organization (SES) accredited in the prescribed manner.

You can order a complete entomological study of the territory from our sanitary and environmental service, which has official accreditation and carries out both an examination of a given object and its acaricidal treatment.

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COLLECTION OF ACCOUNTS AND PREPARATION FOR LABORATORY RESEARCH OF BLOOD-SUCKING ARTHROPODS - CARRIERS OF NATURALLY FOCAL AGENTS... Relevant in 2018

5. PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIZING ENTOMOLOGICAL WORK DURING EPIZOOTOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF NATURAL FODIMENTS OF ZOONOSIS

Entomological work is one of the sections of the epizootological survey included in common system surveillance of particularly dangerous zoonotic infections. It comes down to collecting and analyzing the necessary information about blood-sucking carriers of natural focal diseases for the purpose of their prevention, studying the natural foci of these infections and predicting the epizootic situation.

Entomological work in natural foci includes:

Collection and delivery to the laboratory of vectors of pathogens of natural focal infections;

Studying species composition carriers and their distribution between hosts in the service area;

Study of the ecology of infection vectors and factors influencing their numbers;

Mapping the distribution and abundance of the main vector species;

Compiling surveys and forecasts of vector abundance;

All entomological work is carried out in accordance with current sanitary regulations.

Divisions (anti-plague stations, departments of special dangerous infections centers of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision) create reference (in alcohol or in the form of permanent preparations) and educational collections of, if possible, all types of vectors common in the serviced territory and having epidemiological significance.

All documentation on the study of fauna, numbers, reproduction of vectors, and their activity should be stored in the archives of institutions.