Main communication mistakes. Typical mistakes women make when communicating with men

Why do people communicate so much with each other, but still do not always enjoy this process? Why, after living together for many years, do spouses still manage to argue and blame each other, rather than find a compromise? All these and other problems that arise as a result of a dialogue between two or more people appear only because they make mistakes in communication.

What communication mistakes do people make?

Unfortunately, not all people adhere to the culture of speech, and also do not know how to communicate with others in such a way as to really resolve any issues, enjoy the conversation and leave the conversation satisfied.

Very often you can observe how, out of an entire group of people, only two people communicate on a certain topic, while everyone else sits and listens silently. This is often a sign that silent participants are not interested in discussing the topic. This means that while someone is talking, everyone else is bored.

This happens in any other situations: if someone starts talking on a topic that is interesting only to him and which only he understands, then all other participants experience boredom and less desire to communicate with such an interlocutor.

Different vocabulary

Do you think they will find mutual language two interlocutors, one of whom speaks culturally, and the second uses obscenities? Most likely, they won’t find it, even if they talk about the same topic that interests them.

For effective and pleasant communication, interlocutors should use the most similar vocabulary so that both participants can communicate clearly and interestingly.

But people often strive not to communicate, but to show their individuality, which is why communication turns into a competition “Who speaks better?”

1. Inability to listen.

You are talking with a person for some time, suddenly someone or something interrupts you, and you are asked the question: “So what was I talking about?” What is it really about? You no longer remember, because during the conversation you listened to the person only superficially, while at the same time being in your thoughts about something distant. Here you can involuntarily think, are you paying attention? are you listening to your interlocutor? Probably no. And this is one of the most common mistakes people make in communication. And believe me, even in things that are not interesting to you, you can find thoughts and ideas that are useful to you. As Ernest Hemingway once said, “I like to listen. I learned a lot by listening carefully. Most people never listen." Be patient and direct a little of your mental effort to the essence of the conversation, show that the interlocutor is interesting to you. Liven up the conversation with a few questions, direct it in a direction where your interest in the conversation will be higher.

2. Too many questions.

There is no need to turn your conversation into an interrogation; this is exactly the impression your interlocutor gets if you ask too many questions. In addition to questions, try to bring your point of view, share your opinion, tell stories from your life, or involve your interlocutor in discussing other topics that interest you. Let this be a conversation between two people, and not some kind of interview that a journalist takes from the heroes of his articles. Of course it's good when You really you listen to a person, are interested in his person or his life, perhaps he is even flattered by this, but on the other hand, communication becomes somehow one-sided, and as a result, your interlocutor may become bored.

3. Prolonged silence.

Silence may be an indicator that you simply have nothing to talk about with your interlocutor, even if in fact this is not so, and there are other reasons for your silence. Try to avoid long silences, find topics of conversation that interest everyone, draw your interlocutors into the conversation not with the content of the conversation, but with your ability to speak brightly, interestingly and “dynamically”. Just say it, in many cases, it doesn't matter what you say or what you say, higher value has the way you present it. Leil Lowndes once said, “Never leave home without reading the newspaper.” Even if you don't have anything to talk about, you can discuss the latest news.

4. Poor speaking skills.

This is, rather, not a mistake in communication, but a relatively easily corrected deficiency. As mentioned in the previous point, it's not what you say, but how you say it. A person who spends hours telling uninteresting things confidently, brightly and emotionally is much more attractive for communication than a person who tells interesting things clumsily and ineptly. Start working on your speaking skills, and in addition to working on your voice, study and improve your body language. In addition, increase your self-confidence, this will have a positive effect on the quality of your communication.

5. Interruption and abrupt translation of the topic.

Before expressing your point of view, allow your interlocutor to finish. There is no need to interrupt him mid-sentence, in this way you throw him off his thoughts, disrupting the natural flow of the conversation, and, of course, you risk appearing ignorant. It's pretty common mistake in communication between people, and one of the possible reasons may be disrespect for the interlocutor, or incontinence and fear of forgetting an interesting thought that has just arisen. Be patient and allow your interlocutor to finish, but if you think that it is simply necessary to speak, first apologize to the person you are interrupting and tell him what you wanted to say.

6. The desire to always be right.

If you think that without proving you are right in a dispute in which not affected your interests or the interests of other people, you thereby put yourself in a disadvantageous position, then you are wrong. The desire to always gain the upper hand in disputes is one of the main mistakes in communication. A conversation should be enjoyable for all participants, not just the one who emerges victorious from the discussion or argument. Try to show a calm attitude towards the wrongs of other people, after all, everyone has the right to their own point of view. Just relax and enjoy your “competence”, believe me, it is not at all necessary for others to know how smart and erudite you are.

7. Discussion of negative topics.

Try to avoid discussing negative topics, including and especially about your problems, and, at least in the company of unfamiliar people, no one likes to listen to whining and complaints about life. Also, there is little good in discussion latest news negative in nature - if you do this every day, there will be no room for positive things in your head. In general, try to think and talk about something good more often. Positive people are much more attractive in terms of communication or cooperation.

8. Inducing boredom.

Try not to bore people with conversations about boring topics; be prepared to remove the question from discussion when you notice that your interlocutor is “falling asleep.” You should especially notice the moment when the topic has exhausted itself, and its further discussion can bring nothing but boredom. Of course, it’s difficult to talk about something interesting if you lead a measured, devoid of variety life, but it’s not difficult to fix if you find something you like and start to really change your life for the better. Chat about different topics, not only about what you like, but also about what other people like.

9. “One-way” communication.

One of the mistakes of communication is one-sided communication, when you seem to listen to your interlocutor, he opens his soul to you, and in response you only nod your head in agreement with him, or utter a few insignificant phrases like: “how I understand you.” The interlocutor, opening up to you, expects the same from you. Open up to him, share your feelings. It is not necessary to expect the other person to take the initiative in the conversation. Contribute to an interesting conversation, don't limit yourself just asking questions about another person’s life.

10. Indifference.

If you want to be known as a good conversationalist with whom you can talk about life, heart-to-heart, about everything that comes to mind, take part in the conversation. The main thing is not to be silent all the time, otherwise what are you there for. Many people enjoy communication for the sake of communication, and if you are one of them but find it difficult to communicate with others, start working on improving your communication skills. Find interesting topics, be observant, select interesting material for conversation in your surroundings. Expand your horizons, and be sure to enter into dialogue with people.

Communication with people is an art in which you can improve endlessly. Sometimes everything goes like clockwork, and we feel like a guru in the field human relations. But suddenly the harmony is destroyed, the relationship begins to tilt, irritation and uncertainty arise, and we cannot understand: what went wrong?

In this post we will talk about 9 mistakes that we often make when communicating with people, and ways to correct the situation.

1. Say “This is not about me!”

When communicating, we look for connecting threads, what unites us. But sometimes we unwittingly focus on our differences, even when talking with someone we care about. The phrase “This is not about me!” may look like this.

You know, I didn't like this movie. I think he's boring.
So are you someone who is gluten intolerant? Don't you think this is just a tribute to fashion?
I'm not a big travel fan.
Sport? No thanks! I'd rather read a book or watch the news.
Are you into rock climbing? No, it's not for me! I'm afraid of heights.

Such phrases scare people away and kill communication.

What to do. If you cannot agree with the other person, show interest in his experience. Say, “Wow! Teach me?" or “Tell me why you like it?”

2. Believe that there is only one correct opinion

The belief “I know what it is” or “I know what to do” can make communication unbearable. Because of it, we often do not hear the opinions of other people. The belief that “I am right and you are wrong” can easily lead to the position: “I should be in charge, and you should obey me.” This position is not suitable for a fruitful dialogue; with it, everything will quickly go downhill.

What to do. Don't try to find a common truth, a single answer or solution. Instead of saying, “The truth is...”, try starting your remarks with the phrase, “In my experience...” and understand why the other person has a different point of view.

3. Give mixed signals

We are used to relying on traffic lights: red - stop, green - go. Imagine what will happen if the traffic light turns red and green at the same time. The intersection will confuse drivers and pedestrians and sooner or later become the site of an accident.

In relationships, we often behave like broken traffic lights: we say one thing, but non-verbally show another.

Imagine yourself as a traffic light. What signals are you giving? -

What to do. Suppressing emotions is not a solution: they are too strong and will reveal themselves anyway. A better strategy is to notice moments of inconsistency between what you feel and what you say. Once you learn to recognize your mixed signals, try to either change the behavior or explain the discrepancy to others (for example, “I'm a little upset right now because of the unpleasant call, but I'm still really glad to see you”).

4. Ignore emotions

Now let's imagine ourselves from the other side. What to do if you hear one thing and see another? Often at such moments we try to isolate ourselves from the emotions of our interlocutor and react only to his words. We express a reasoned opinion, offer a solution to the problem, but the person gets upset or angry even more - because we ignore the emotions that are in this moment more important than words.

What to do. When you notice that a person is excited, angry or annoyed, turn on empathy: try to hear not only words, but also feelings. Imagine yourself in his place. Feel your emotional state. Try voicing the emotion, starting with an assumption: “It seems to me that you are... (angry, upset, happy, etc. - name the emotion). This is true?". Voice the question, not the statement, to allow the interlocutor to answer the question himself.

5. Not thanking or thanking incorrectly

We often think that our gratitude is obvious. If we communicate with a person, it means we value and love him.

In fact, everything is not so simple. People often feel underappreciated. This feeling is familiar to employees tackling complex projects; mothers whom no one thanks for cleaning; friends who are always ready to be a “vest”.

We can say “thank you,” but the person will not hear it. Because we have different “languages of gratitude.”

There are five “languages of gratitude”:

Words. People give thanks using words - verbally or in writing. This could be love notes, text messages, conversation.
Present. People express gratitude with small gifts or tokens of attention: decorations, sweets, flowers.
Touch. People express gratitude using touch: hugs, pats on the back.
Help. People show they care by doing something nice for others: cooking dinner, running errands, creating something with their own hands.
Time. People express gratitude by giving others their time.

Let's say your language of appreciation is words: you said " Thanks a lot! and consider the mission accomplished. And the language of a colleague, for example, touch. He expects you to hug him or at least shake his hand - and your “thank you” seems dry and insincere to him.

What to do. Try to notice how a person shows his feelings: writes notes, offers help, gives gifts? Most likely, he expects this from others. If you can’t notice, you can ask directly: “How can I show you that this is very valuable to me?”

6. To touch or not to touch

Touch is powerful, subtle and the hard way nonverbal communication. It conveys an inexhaustible range of feelings: agreement, love, commonality of views, attraction, support, a call for attention, a hint of a desire for a closer relationship.

However, touch should be used with great care. Sometimes an innocent touch causes a negative reaction: a person withdraws his hand, frowns, or turns away. This indicates that you have gone overboard. The other person, on the contrary, may want a hug and perceive your behavior as too distant.

What to do. Strengthen your relationship gradually. Try touching your shoulder or accidentally running your fingers across back side the palms of the interlocutor. His body will unconsciously send a signal of acceptance or rejection. Watch them closely and behave accordingly.

7. Unleash the control freak

Worrying about our loved ones and friends, we want them to do everything right. With the best of intentions, we sometimes turn into maniacal controllers: we interfere in matters, impose our point of view, try to control every step. And we are offended if a person moves away from us: we tried so hard!

What to do. Resist the temptation to enter someone else's monastery with your own rules. Let your friend know that you are there and ready to help, but do not control or judge his actions. Embrace your inner control freak.

8. Be embarrassed to say what we need

We are often embarrassed to express our feelings and ask loved ones for help - we are afraid to seem weak, we don’t want to strain anyone, we expect them to notice and offer. And then we are offended if this does not happen. turns into a series of omissions, unjustified expectations and misunderstandings.

What to do. Be honest with your loved ones. If you need help, ask for it. If communication brings you discomfort, tell us about it. Understand your feelings and reveal them without forcing your interlocutors to guess. Sincerity - best strategy communication.

9. Forgetting what's truly important

Daily worries, minor disagreements, fatigue and irritation, overwhelming emotions - the environment in which our communication “grows”. It leaves its mark: we may not be sensitive enough, get offended, angry, not call for months, cling to trifles. It is clear that all this does not strengthen communication.

A person perceives about 40% of information verbally (that is, by ear), but relies more on his eyes rather than his ears. But this does not mean at all that you need to control your gestures and facial expressions and not pay special attention on what exactly comes out of your mouth and how you sound. Why didn't he call me? Why didn't she laugh at my joke? Why don't they invite me to their company again? And finally, why wasn’t I hired for this job? Why didn't they agree to make a deal?

These 4 tips will not change your career or personal life globally, but they will help you take the first steps towards improvement and warming.

Parrot

Repeating the same phrases and words that were just spoken often irritates others. Repeating or rephrasing sentences you just said makes you look like a parrot. The parrot cannot carry on a conversation; it can only repeat your words and sentences or respond with memorized phrases. You wouldn't seriously talk to this bird, would you?

Guide to action. If you realize that you are parroting your interlocutor, try to find different words or express an alternative opinion.

Lack of emotions

Try to look at yourself from the outside? What kind of interlocutor are you? How is your speech flowing? Does your intonation, speed, accents change? A conversation is a living organism that is supported by the emotions of the interlocutor. Would it be interesting for you to talk to a monument or listen to a speech that is pronounced in a dead (boring) voice without any emotion or intonation? Some teachers at my university would be very surprised if they listened to themselves from the outside and finally found the reason why students sleep in their lectures! The same goes for your facial expression. If it is impossible to read the emotional reaction to the conversation, you are unlikely to be considered a good conversationalist and will be avoided in every possible way.

Guide to action. Try recording your voice and listen to yourself from the outside. If your voice lacks emotion, practice, play with your voice, changing the speed of speech and intonation. Finally, take a public speaking course. This will be especially useful for those whose work involves lectures, performances, constant communication with clients, etc.

Captain obvious

There are people who, when going to a cafe, when asked where they are going, answer “To the cafe.” Always like this. No adjectives, qualifications, etc. After 10 such answers, all desire to ask again disappears, since the answer is already obvious. If you want to stop being bombarded with questions, the answer to which is already obvious, continue to answer this way - it saves time and nerves. It is much more interesting to receive unexpected and humorous answers.

Guide to action. Practice your wit, memorize interesting quotes and phrases (not from colleagues, of course). Sometimes even a button accordion with a beard caught from the net will be much better than a callous and predictable answer. Of course, everything has its limits, so don't try too hard and take into account the person you're responding to. In any case, it’s worth a try and the result may pleasantly surprise you.

Conversational Narcissism

No one likes to be ignored and interrupted in order to turn the conversation in their direction. Some people abuse this and ask the question “How was your weekend?” only to wait for their turn (and sometimes without really waiting) and talk about their weekend. They can turn any question or topic so that those around them have to listen to how it happened or is happening to them. Such an interlocutor absolutely does not know how to listen, is inattentive and often only causes irritation.

Guide to action. Watch yourself during the conversation and try not to interrupt. Be a sensitive interlocutor, listen carefully, do not interrupt, ask questions related to the topic of conversation and ask again about something that the interlocutor has already said. In this way, you will give the impression of an attentive interlocutor and you will be surprised at how the attitude towards you has changed for the better.

My curator diploma work She couldn’t stand it when people listened to her inattentively or interrupted her, asked stupid questions, the answers to which were obvious, she talked a lot and was often irrelevant, and listened little. I did the opposite - I said little, asked often and to the point, asked again and was interested in the health of her husband and sons. This did not affect the quality of my work in any way (the curator also did not like to give recommendations on the case), but it influenced the attitude towards the diploma and towards me in a positive way;)

The biggest disadvantage of telephone communication is indifference. Anyone who is not interested in the business will not be able to adequately represent their company.

Due to lack of interest, the responder makes mistakes such as:

unwillingness to engage in dialogue;

unfriendliness, dryness in communication;

emphasized brevity, bordering on impoliteness;

impatience;

the desire to quickly end the conversation and hang up.

Naturally, this leads to other mistakes, mainly related to a negative attitude towards your partner over the phone:

failure to address the interlocutor by first name and patronymic;

insufficient participation in the problems of the interlocutor;

inept questioning;

long pauses associated with searching for documents.

Sometimes there is poor audibility in the handset. But this doesn't mean you have to raise your voice. The opinion that if I can’t hear my interlocutor well, then he can’t hear me well and, therefore, I need to speak louder, in the case of a telephone, is erroneous. If you have difficulty hearing, you should not raise your voice yourself. And ask the interlocutor to speak louder and at the same time ask how he hears you.

Talk on the phone at the same volume level as in a face-to-face conversation. Loud telephone speech is often less intelligible because the microphone and telephone settings are set for normal, average volume levels.

You should not speak too quickly, as in this case you have to often repeat what was not understood by the interlocutor.

The telephone aggravates speech impediments. Numbers and numerals sound especially unintelligible. Therefore, they need to be pronounced more clearly.

52. Communication barriers

IN business communication Very specific barriers may arise between partners. The reasons for their appearance are different. In order to prevent things from becoming stressful, you need to learn to prevent the emergence of barriers in communication, and if they do arise, to successfully overcome them.

Let's consider the main barriers that arise on the path to fruitful communication.

Barriers to interaction.Motivational barrier arises if partners have different motives for entering into contact, for example: one is interested in developing a common business, while the other is only interested in immediate profit. In this case, it is better to find out each other’s intentions from the very beginning and agree on the motives for cooperation. If this fails, collaboration doomed to fail.

Barrier of incompetence. The partner's incompetence causes a feeling of frustration and a feeling of wasted time. If the partner does not understand the problem at all, it is better to politely “curtail” the conversation; if he has partial knowledge of the issue, and there is no one else to turn to, you need to bring him up to date without emphasizing your great knowledge.

Ethical barrier occurs when interaction with a partner is hampered by his moral position, which is incompatible with yours. Everyone decides for themselves whether to compromise, but trying to re-educate or shame a partner is not recommended.

Each person has their own communication style. It depends on temperament, character, worldview and is formed under the influence of upbringing, environment, and profession. Therefore, in business communication there can often be communication style barrier. The content of the communication style is

the predominant motive of communication (interaction, self-affirmation, emotional support of the interlocutor, etc.);

attitude towards other people (gentleness, goodwill, tolerance, cruelty, rationalism, egocentrism, prejudice, etc.);

attitude towards oneself (narcissism, recognition of one’s shortcomings, defending the “honor of the uniform”, imposing one’s opinion, etc.);

the nature of the influence on people (pressure, coercion, manipulation, cooperation, personal example, non-interference, etc.).

How can you ensure that your partner’s communication style does not become an obstacle to communicating with him? It is necessary to realize that a person’s behavior style is a manifestation of his deep essential characteristics, and. if it does not interfere with the matter, it should be accepted, whatever our attitude may be.

Barriers to perception and understanding.Aesthetic barrier occurs when the partner is untidy, sloppily dressed or the situation in his office or the appearance of his desk are not conducive to conversation. It is difficult to overcome the internal obstacle to conversation, and nevertheless, if this contact is very necessary, we cannot show that something offends us.

Comfortable communication can be hampered by different social status of partners, especially if one of them is used to being in awe of their superiors. The following pre-conversation attitude helps to get rid of this attitude: “The boss is a person just like me. He has all human weaknesses. I have no reason to worry. I will speak calmly and simply, hoping for understanding. I respect myself and my business, and he will feel it.”

Barrier of negative emotions occurs when communicating with an upset person. If a partner who is usually polite to you greets you unkindly, talks without raising his eyes, etc., do not rush to take it personally: maybe he is not able to cope with a bad mood due to the course of his own affairs, family troubles and so on. It is necessary, when arriving at a meeting in advance, to try to find out what the situation is at the company and what mood the business partner is in. Sometimes it is better to reschedule the conversation for another time. If this is not possible, then at the beginning of the conversation you need to help your partner improve his emotional state.

State of health of a person, physical or spiritual, also affects how a person communicates. It is not difficult for observant people to guess from external signs what is happening to a person, to choose the appropriate tone, words, or to shorten the time of communication so as not to tire the interlocutor who is unwell.

Psychological protection, built by a business partner is a serious communication barrier. Having realized that the barrier in communicating with an inconvenient employee or partner is caused by his desire to defend himself, try to change your attitude towards him, and the difficulties in communicating with such a person will gradually disappear.

Installation barrier. Your business partner may have a negative attitude towards you or the company you represent. If you encounter an installation barrier, it is better not to try to convince your partner. Calmly regard hostility as a manifestation of ignorance, weakness, lack of culture, simple lack of awareness. Then the unfair attitude will not affect you, and soon it will disappear altogether, since your deeds and actions will force your partner to change his mind.

Double barrier lies in the fact that we involuntarily judge each person by ourselves, we expect from a business partner the same act that we would do in his place. But he's different. His position in this situation is determined by his moral standards and attitudes. To prevent the double barrier from arising, it is necessary to develop the ability to decenter.

Communication barriers.Semantic barrier occurs when business partners use the same signs (including words) to designate completely different things. The reasons for this barrier are varied. To overcome the semantic barrier, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of the partner and use vocabulary that is understandable to him; words that have different meanings, it is necessary to explain in what sense you used this or that word.

Inability to express one's thoughts (logical barrier) really interferes with communication. Helvetius said: “It takes much more intelligence to convey your ideas than to have them... This is proven by the fact that there are many people who are considered smart, but write very bad essays.” You need to be patient and use all your listening skills and ask questions to get the necessary information from your partner.

Poor speaking technique (phonetic barrier) very disturbing effective communication. But if you are interested in contact with this particular partner, you will have to adapt to his manner of speaking and not show that you are dissatisfied with something.

Inability to listen manifests itself in the fact that the partner interrupts, starts talking about his own things, or goes into his own thoughts and does not react to your words at all (for more details, see Listening in business communication). You can compensate for your partner’s inability to listen only with your art of speaking.

Modality barrier occurs when a person does not think about the priority channel for perceiving information (for more details, see Verbal means of communication). Knowing that each person has a certain priority channel of perception makes us more tolerant, and the ability to determine it allows us to find an adequate language of communication with a specific interlocutor, making contact with him not only conflict-free, but also effective. In order to avoid a barrier of modalities in communication, it is necessary to transmit information in the modality in which it is easiest for the partner to perceive it, in the form in which it is understandable to him.

Character barrier also creates difficulties in communication. Each person has his own character, but well-mannered people know how to behave in such a way that their character does not become a source of conflict. Not everyone, however, wants and knows how to understand themselves and control themselves. People with pronounced temperamental characteristics can be awkward interlocutors .

Impoliteness - This is the barrier that prevents you from correctly perceiving your partner, understanding what he says, and interacting with him. Unfortunately, manifestations of bad manners are not uncommon even in business communications. Impolite treatment can be stopped by calm, without irritation, your own politeness. There are situations when you are forced to listen to fair or unfair expressions of indignation. Remember that your goal is cooperation, not conflict. When a person is rude, there is a desire to immediately put him in his place. But this can lead to altercations. It is better to answer in a cool and calm tone. For many this has a sobering effect. There are other ways to calm an indignant interlocutor:

"alien role" technique: if the interlocutor is indignant or shouts, try to get into his position, look at the situation through his eyes; once you say to a person “I understand you” - and the opportunity arises to conduct a constructive conversation;

compassionate attitude towards your partner: remember that admitting that your interlocutor is right and sympathizing with him usually extinguishes the fire of indignation;

tense situations can be defused and as a joke, but it will give the desired effect only when you are sure that your partner has a sense of humor;

removal technique: you can unobtrusively examine the screamer, focusing on some little detail in his suit or hairstyle; one can speculate about his age, marital status, favorite pastime; It is also useful to analyze speech: features pronunciation of words, richness of vocabulary, intonation, successful speech patterns, errors in the pronunciation of words and the construction of phrases.

These techniques allow you to endure adverse effects without stress. Having discharged himself and not turned you on, your partner usually feels awkward and even feels guilty. In this state, he is ready to continue contact. And now it all depends on your desire to communicate with this person.

To avoid a barrier of impoliteness in communicating with you, be attentive to your partner from the very first minute of the conversation.

How to overcome communication barriers? First of all, develop self-esteem and self-confidence. It also helps to be able to see behind every inappropriate action of a person a manifestation of his psychological characteristics, and perhaps problems.

Our typical mistakes:

incorrect expectations for a partner(wrong expectations arise as a result of the following mistake: if we don’t know a person enough, only some of his positive or negative trait, then we often complete his image as positive or negative, and then we associate our expectations with our own created image) ;

it seems to us that our partner should guess how we feel(it’s better to immediately clearly formulate your expectations, explain the reasons, etc.) ;

we don’t catch the subtext of the conversation(often we do not assume that the partner may also not directly express his desires and true mood) ;

if a person’s behavior is unpleasant to us, it seems to us that he treats us badly or even does it to spite us(the reason may be completely different; people are usually upset and irritated by unfair accusations of bad attitude, it turns out that we ourselves provoke the conflict) ;

we try to meet the expectations of the interlocutor(in communication with a good man this leads to an unnatural relationship, which is often revealed at the most inopportune moment; if we follow the manipulator’s lead, the consequences are even worse.) .

53. Communication process is the process of exchanging information between two or more people. The purpose of the communication process is to provide understanding of information, which can be called a message.

Subjects can be individuals, groups and even entire organizations. In order for communication to take place, there must be at least two people: the sender and the recipient. During the communication process, information is transferred from the sender to the recipient.

Communication places demands on each of the participants in the interaction. So, each of the participants must have all or some abilities: see, hear, touch, smell and taste. Effective communication requires each party to have certain skills and abilities, as well as a certain degree of mutual understanding.

What does the communication process consist of?

The following elements are distinguished in the communication process:

Sender- a subject whose goal is to convey some idea to another subject.

Appeal- a set of symbols, signs, sounds, smells, etc., i.e. some form in which an idea is encoded.

Recipient- the subject to whom the appeal is addressed.

Communication channel- methods and means of information dissemination by which a message is transmitted from the sender to the recipient.

Responsiveness- a set of responses from the recipient that arose after decoding the message and sent back to the sender, indicating the degree of understanding of the transmitted idea.

Feedback- part of the response that reaches the sender.

Interference - various factors, which influence the communication process, distorting the conveyed idea.

What is the simplest communication cycle?

The simplest communication cycle includes the following stages.

Choice of treatment. The sender is the one who transmits information, understands the meaning of what he wants to convey to another participant in the communication process.

Coding. The process of transforming an idea into a message that can be communicated.

Coding in the communication process begins with the choice of a code system. The ability to speak, write, gesture, and pose play an important role in the sender's ability to encode the idea being conveyed. The coding system must be known to the recipient. The following can be used as a code system:

speech systems based on oral speech;

writing systems;

signs of body movements;

sign language;

video systems;

sound systems (eg Morse code), etc.

As a result of encoding, an appeal is formed. The meaning of the address is an idea belonging to the sender. At the same time, the sender expects that the message will be perceived adequately to its intended meaning.

Spread the message. The process of transmitting a request through the selected communication channel. The communication channel can be: telephone, radio, television, computer network, etc. The communication channel must be consistent with the coding system.

Decoding. The process of recording a request and decoding it. The smaller the difference between what was transmitted and what was received, the more effective the communication.

Feedback process. Transmission of the recipient's response to the received request. The response coming from the recipient after he accepts the message reaches the sender in the form of feedback. Feedback allows the sender to find out whether the message has reached the recipient and to assess the degree of understanding of the conveyed idea.

Communication with feedback turns into a two-way street, and the process itself becomes dynamic. In this case, feedback may not necessarily be expressed in the same code system as the received message. The main thing is that the code system is known to the new recipient.