Group T95

INTERSTATE STANDARD

PAINT COATINGS

General requirements to choose according to decorative properties

Coatings of lacquers and paints.

General requirements for choice by decorative properties

MKC 25.220.60 87.020

Resolution State Committee USSR according to standards of September 28, 1979 No. 3734, the date of introduction has been established

The validity period was lifted according to Protocol No. 4-93 of the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (IUS 4-94)

1. This standard applies to paint coatings(hereinafter referred to as coatings) of industrial products and establishes general technical requirements to the choice of coatings based on decorative properties.

2. Decorative properties mean the properties of the coating that ensure its aesthetic perception.

The decorative properties of the coating are characterized by color, gloss, texture and class according to GOST 9.032-74.

3. The choice of coating based on decorative properties is carried out at the design stage in the process of artistic design of products.

4a. The finishing options developed during the artistic design process are recorded in a map of the color and texture solution for finishing the product.

(Introduced additionally, Amendment No. 1).

4. Coatings for decorative properties must comply functional purpose and operating conditions, volumetric-spatial structure, tectonics, dimensions, plasticity of the external shape of the product, aesthetic expressiveness and harmony of color and texture combinations of the surface of the product.

5. The selection of coatings by color, gloss and texture is carried out according to the table.

Official publication

Reproduction is prohibited

Edition with Change No. 1, approved in May 1985 (IUS 8-85).

Continuation

6. Classes of coatings for groups of products are given in Appendix 1. The class of coatings for the surfaces of products that are constantly in the human field of vision must be at least IV.

7. The selection of paints and varnishes that provide the required class, texture and gloss of the coating is carried out according to Appendices 2 and 3, color - according to the standards or technical specifications for paints and varnishes.

8. The assessment of compliance of the coating with the requirements of clause 4 is carried out using the expert method.

9. The choice of surface preparation operation by painting and drying the coating is carried out according to Appendix 4.

10. Types of harmonious color combinations are given in Appendix 5.

11. An example of choosing coatings based on decorative properties is given in Appendix 6.

APPENDIX 1 Mandatory

* For all-wheel drive vehicles of especially small and medium class, body coverage is not lower than III.

** For a small class bus of the “Yunost” type, the body covering class is not lower than II.

Continuation

Notes:

1. When several classes are specified for the same surfaces, the specific class is established according to the standards or technical specifications for the product.

2. Classes of coatings for products manufactured for export are established according to the standards or technical specifications for the product.

* With polishing.

Continuation

Continuation

Continuation

Notes:

1. For smooth patterned and embossed coatings using the above primers, a maximum coating class of II can be achieved.

2. For coatings with putty, the choice of primer does not depend on the required class of coating.

3. The specified classes of coatings can only be obtained in combination with the paint and varnish materials given in Appendix 2.

APPENDICES 1-3. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

SURFACE PREPARATION OPERATIONS, PAINTING AND DRYING METHODS FOR OBTAINING DIFFERENT CLASSES OF COATINGS

Notes:

1. For coatings with putty, surface preparation operations before painting are not standardized.

2. It is allowed to use other surface preparation operations, in addition to those indicated in the table, that ensure the required quality of the painted surface. metal surface according to GOST 9.032-74 and other methods of painting and drying, providing required quality coverings.

3. For class IV coatings, the number of abrasive paper and electric wire is not regulated.

APPENDIX 5 Information

TYPES OF HARMONIOUS COLOR COMBINATIONS

1. Using paint colors to create appropriate color solutions products are determined by the psychological (emotional) and physiological impact on humans individual colors and color combinations.

When choosing color combinations of coatings, their harmony should be the first and main condition.

2. To receive harmonious combinations colors, it is necessary that there is a certain relationship between colors (contrast or similarity between colors in hue, lightness or saturation).

3. The relationship between colors is achieved using the principles of choosing color combinations along the color wheel (Fig. 1).

Color circle

F - yellow; ZhO - yellow-orange; O - orange; KO - red-orange; K - red; P - purple; FP - violet-purple; F - purple; C - blue; SZ - blue-green; 3 - green; ZhZ - yellow-green; I, II, III,

IV - color zones

4. When choosing color combinations, take into account the characteristics of the four psychological optimal primary colors - yellow (221), red (7), blue (427), green (324) and intermediate ones - orange, violet-purple, yellow-green.

5. Color combinations are divided into five main groups according to psychophysiological characteristics: contrasting, related, related-contrasting, equitonal, complex.

6. Contrasting combinations are characterized by the use of colors that have significant differences in hue, saturation and lightness.

Contrasting combinations are the brightest and most active in perception.

To enhance the contrast, take into account the size and configuration of the surface of the coatings different colors, their mutual arrangement.

6.1. Contrasting colors in hue should be on opposite sides of the color wheel (Fig. 2). When combined, these colors identical values Saturation and lightness should enhance the saturation of each other and be perceived as brighter.

6.2. Contrasting colors in lightness should vary significantly with the same hue and saturation.

6.3. Contrasting colors should vary significantly in saturation with the same hue and lightness.

7. Related combinations characterized by the use of colors found on color wheel within the limits of two main adjacent colors and the shades containing them (Fig. 3). There are four types of related combinations: yellow-red, red-blue, blue-green, green-yellow.

Schemes of combinations of related colors

Related combinations are soft, little active, static in perception.

8. Related-contrasting combinations are characterized by the use of colors that are located on the color wheel in adjacent sectors and contain shades of one primary color and two adjacent primary colors (Fig. 4). There are four types of related-contrasting combinations: green-yellow-red, yellow-red-blue, red-blue-green, blue-green-yellow.

Schemes of related and contrasting color combinations

Relatedly contrasting colors are active and dynamic in perception.

9. Equivalent combinations are characterized by the use of colors of the same color tone with the same saturation, but different lightness; with the same lightness, but different saturation; at different lightness and saturation.

10. Complex combinations are characterized by the use of chromatic and achromatic colors. Achromatic colors agree well with chromatic colors at different and equal

lightness.

11. Choosing harmonious color combinations for products according to paragraphs. 6-10 take into account: compliance of colors and their combinations with the functional purpose and operating conditions of the product, volumetric-spatial structure, tectonics, dimensions and plasticity of the external shape of the product; information content and labor safety requirements; fashion color preferences; color and graphic diagram of the appearance of the product; characteristics of the texture and gloss of enamels of selected colors and the quality of the coating.

APPENDIX 6 Information

EXAMPLE OF SELECTION OF COATINGS BY DECORATIVE PROPERTIES

1. Choice paint and varnish material for finishing the cabin of a designed truck model

2. In terms of decorative properties, the coating must correspond to the functional purpose and operating conditions of the vehicle.

3. The color of the car's cabin should be in contrast to the color environment(color of the road, greenery, etc.). The cabin should be light or bright. The reflection of light from the paintwork of the cabin (especially the roof) must be high (at least 60%) so that the cabin heats up minimally from sun rays.

4. To ensure favorable conditions driver's work, the color of the cabin should not be dark, and the surface should be mirror-glossy. To quickly remove dirt, the texture should be smooth.

5. The volumetric-spatial structure, tectonics, dimensions, plasticity of the external shape of the designed cabin require its one-color painting with light or bright colors. The color should be clean, uncontaminated, bright, expressing the power of the car, and not causing negative emotions or unpleasant associations.

6. To create color variety on city streets, on roads, construction sites, etc. the color must be one of the colors that complement each other in the system color range road transport, road construction machines.

7. The enamel of the chosen color must be mass-produced.

8. The requirements of paragraphs. 2-7 answer, for example, orange (121, 128) and yellow (285, 286). Coverage class III in accordance with Appendix 1.

9. The car is operated in atmospheric conditions of temperate and tropical climates, becomes dirty with road dust, dirt and is subjected to periodic washing with hot and cold water using brushes. The time between repairs is 3 years, the car is constantly maintained.

10. The specified operating conditions are satisfied by paint and varnish coatings obtained on the basis of melamine-alkyd enamel ML-12 and perchlorovinyl enamel XB-110.

The coating system, consisting of two layers of ML-12 enamel applied to a primed surface, is stable in atmospheric conditions of temperate and tropical climates for 3 years.

The coating system, consisting of two layers of XB-110 enamel applied to a phosphated and primed surface, is also stable in temperate and tropical climates for 3 years.

11. In terms of color, texture, gloss and class of enamel ML-12 and XB-110 meet the requirements: the color of enamel ML-12 is orange (121, 128), the color of enamel XB-110 is yellow (285, 286), coatings according to the recommended Appendix 2 - smooth, glossy (ML-12), semi-gloss (XB-110), the maximum achieved coating class is II for ML-12 enamel and III for XB-110 enamel.

12. Taking into account the level of production of the painting area (production - serial, painting on continuous conveyors using pneumatic spraying or spraying in electric field, drying in thermoradiation drying chambers at a temperature of 130 °C), you should choose ML-12 enamel, which is applied using the specified method and has a thermoradiation drying mode at a temperature of 130 °C for 20 minutes.

XB-110 enamel is applied by pneumatic spraying and has a drying mode at a temperature of 18-23 ° C for 3 hours or at a temperature of 60 ° C for 1 hour.

Thus, to paint the designed model of a MAZ truck, ML-12 enamel should be used in accordance with GOST 9754-76 orange color (121, 128).

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• GOST 23790-79 Phosphate fire retardant coating for wood. Technical requirements
• GOST 23791-79 Fire-retardant phosphate coating on steel. Technical requirements
• GOST 23852-79 Paint and varnish coatings. General requirements for selection of decorative properties
• GOST 24405-80 Silicate enamels (frits). Specifications
• GOST 24773-81 Surfaces with regular microrelief. Classification, parameters and characteristics
• GOST 25130-82 Intumescent fire-retardant coating for wood VPD. Technical requirements
• GOST 25131-82 Intumescent fire-retardant coating for steel VPM-2. Technical requirements
• GOST 25665-83 Fire-retardant phosphate coating on steel based on mineral fibers. Technical requirements
• GOST 27708-88 Polymer protective materials and coatings that are decontaminated. Method for determining decontamination
• GOST 27953-88 Detonation coatings. General requirements
• GOST 28302-89 Gas-thermal protective coatings made of zinc and aluminum for metal structures. General requirements for a typical technological process
• GOST 28613-90 Paint and varnish coatings for bicycles, motorcycles, scooters, mopeds. General requirements and control methods
• GOST 28617-90 Metallic and non-metallic inorganic coatings for bicycles, motorcycles, scooters, mopeds. General requirements and control methods
• GOST 28844-90 Gas-thermal hardening and restoring coatings. General requirements
• GOST 29016-91 Vitreous and porcelain enamels. Device for testing with acids and neutral liquids and their vapors
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• GOST 29019-91 Vitreous and porcelain enamels. Device for determining resistance to hot solutions of detergents used for washing textiles
• GOST 29020-91 Vitreous and porcelain enamels. Determination of resistance to boiling citric acid
• GOST 29021-91 Vitreous and porcelain enamels. Determination of resistance to citric acid at room temperature
• GOST 29022-91 Vitreous and porcelain enamels. Determination of resistance to boiling water and steam
• GOST 29023-91 Vitreous and porcelain enamels. Determination of resistance to hot solutions of detergents used for washing textiles
• GOST 29130-91 Coatings, protective and decorative fittings for light industry products. General requirements
• GOST 6572-91 Paint and varnish coatings for tractors and agricultural machines. General technical requirements
• GOST 9.005-72 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Metals, alloys, metallic and non-metallic inorganic coatings. Acceptable and unacceptable contacts with metals and non-metals
• GOST 9.014-78 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Temporary anti-corrosion protection of products. General requirements
• GOST 9.028-74 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Interoperational anti-corrosion protection of workpieces, parts and assembly units of metal products. General requirements
• GOST 9.031-74 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Anodic-oxide coatings of semi-finished products made of aluminum and its alloys. General requirements and control methods
• GOST 9.032-74 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Paint and varnish coatings. Groups, technical requirements and designations
• GOST 9.053-75 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Non-metallic materials and products using them. Test method for microbiological resistance under natural conditions in the atmosphere
• GOST 9.056-75 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Steel hulls of ships and vessels. General requirements for electrochemical protection during long-term parking conditions
• GOST 9.067-76 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Rubbers for products operating under conditions of thermal and light ozone aging. Technical requirements
• GOST 9.068-76 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Sealing materials. Test methods for resistance to liquid aggressive media
• GOST 9.071-76 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Rubbers for products operating in liquid aggressive media. Technical requirements
• GOST 9.104-79 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Paint and varnish coatings. Groups of operating conditions
• GOST 9.105-80 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Paint and varnish coatings. Classification and main parameters of staining methods
• GOST 9.301-86 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Metallic and non-metallic inorganic coatings. General requirements
• GOST 9.303-84 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Metallic and non-metallic inorganic coatings. General requirements for selection
• GOST 9.304-87 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Gas thermal coatings. General requirements and control methods
• GOST 9.305-84 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Metallic and non-metallic inorganic coatings. Operations of technological processes for obtaining coatings
• GOST 9.306-85 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Metallic and non-metallic inorganic coatings. Designations
• GOST 9.308-85 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Metallic and non-metallic inorganic coatings. Accelerated corrosion test methods
• GOST 9.309-86 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Galvanic coatings. Determination of the dissipative ability of electrolytes when producing coatings
• GOST 9.311-87 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Metallic and non-metallic inorganic coatings. Method for assessing corrosion damage
• GOST 9.312-89 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Protective coatings. Methods for determining heat resistance
• GOST 9.313-89 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Metallic and non-metallic inorganic coatings on plastics. General requirements and technological operations
• GOST 9.314-90 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Water for galvanic production and washing schemes. General requirements
• GOST 9.315-91 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Aluminum coatings are hot. General requirements and control methods
• GOST 9.401-91 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Paint and varnish coatings. General requirements and methods of accelerated testing for resistance to climatic factors
• GOST 9.402-2004 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Paint and varnish coatings. Preparing metal surfaces for painting
• GOST 9.402-80 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Paint and varnish coatings. Preparing metal surfaces before painting
• GOST 9.405-83 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Paint and varnish coatings. Method for determining the hot drying mode
• GOST 9.406-84 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Organosilicate coatings. Technical requirements and test methods
• GOST 9.407-84 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Paint and varnish coatings. Appearance assessment method
• GOST 9.410-88 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Polymer powder coatings. Typical technological processes
• GOST 9.502-82 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Metal corrosion inhibitors for aqueous systems. Corrosion Test Methods
• GOST 9.504-85 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Paper-based packaging materials. Protection test method

1. This standard applies to paint and varnish coatings (hereinafter referred to as coatings) of industrial products and establishes general technical requirements for the selection of coatings based on decorative properties.

2. Decorative properties mean the properties of the coating that ensure its aesthetic perception.

The decorative properties of the coating are characterized by color, gloss, texture and class according to GOST 9.032-74*.

3. The choice of coating based on decorative properties is carried out at the design stage in the process of artistic design of products.

4a. The finishing options developed during the artistic design process are recorded in a map of the color and texture solution for finishing the product.

(Introduced additionally, Amendment No. 1).

High gloss

PF-163 according to GOST 5971-78*

Glossy

Semi-matte

Semi-gloss

Deep matte

Nitrocellulose

NTs-11 according to GOST 9198-83*

High gloss

Glossy

NTs-25 according to GOST 5406-84*

Glossy

NTs-256 according to GOST 25515-82*

NTs-5123 according to GOST 7462-73*

Semi-gloss and semi-matte

Glossy

Semi-gloss

NTs-1125 according to GOST 7930-73*

Semi-gloss and semi-matte

Semi-matte

Semi-gloss

Semi-matte

Varnish NTs-134 with aluminum powder

Epoxy and epoxy ester

Glossy

Glossy and semi-gloss

EP-140 according to GOST 24709-81*

Semi-gloss

EP-51 according to GOST 9640-85*

Semi-gloss and matte

EP-773 according to GOST 23143-83*

Semi-matte

Glossy

Glossy and semi-gloss

EF-1118 PG according to GOST 5971-78*

Semi-gloss

EF-1118 PM according to GOST 5971-78*

Semi-matte

EF-1118 M according to GOST 5971-78*

EP-525 according to GOST 22438-85*

Semi-gloss

Semi-gloss

Glossy

Semi-gloss

Glossy

Enamels:

Glossy

PF-188 according to GOST 24784-81*

Semi-gloss

Deep Matte

Semi-matte and semi-gloss

PF-218 according to GOST 21227-93

Semi-gloss

Semi-gloss

Semi-matte

ХВ-1100 according to TU 6-10-1301-83

Matte and semi-matte

Semi-matte

Semi-matte and matte

XC-119 according to GOST 21824-76*

HS-119 E according to GOST 21824-76*

EP-255 according to GOST 23599-79*

Semi-gloss and semi-matte

Oil and alkyd styrene

Semi-matte

Semi-gloss

Glossy

Polyester unsaturated

Glossy

High gloss and glossy

Polyacrylic

Semi-matte

Glossy

High gloss

Glossy

Glossy and semi-gloss

Semi-matte

Glossy

Semi-matte

Glossy

Semi-matte

Glossy

Glossy

Glossy

Phenolic

Glossy and semi-gloss

Semi-matte

Rubber

Semi-gloss

Polyvinyl acetal

VL-515

Organosilicon

Semi-gloss

KO-88 according to GOST 23101-78

Semi-gloss and semi-matte

Semi-matte and matte

Smooth plain

KO-813 according to GOST 11066-74*

Semi-gloss

Polyurethane

UR-1161

High gloss

UR-175

Glossy

UR-176

Alkyd-urethane

URF-1128

Glossy

Oily

Embossed "Moire"

MA-224

Semi-matte and matte

Bituminous

Smooth plain

BT-177

Rosin

APPENDIX 3 Recommended
MAXIMUM ACHIEVEABLE COATING CLASS FOR PRIMERS

Notes:

1. For smooth patterned and embossed coatings using the above primers, a maximum coating class of II can be achieved.

2. For coatings with putty, the choice of primer does not depend on the required class of coating.

3. The specified classes of coatings can only be obtained in combination with the paint and varnish materials given in.

APPENDICES 1-3. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

APPENDIX 4 Recommended
SURFACE PREPARATION OPERATIONS, PAINTING AND DRYING METHODS FOR OBTAINING DIFFERENT CLASSES OF COATINGS

Phosphating

Notes:

1. For coatings with putty, surface preparation operations before painting are not standardized.

2. It is allowed to use other surface preparation operations, in addition to those indicated in the table, that ensure the required quality of the painted metal surface according to GOST 9.032-74* and other methods of painting and drying that ensure the required quality of the coating.

3. For class IV coatings, the number of abrasive paper and electric wire is not regulated.

APPENDIX 5 Information
TYPES OF HARMONIOUS COLOR COMBINATIONS

1. The use of paint coating colors to create appropriate color schemes for products is determined by the psychological (emotional) and physiological impact of individual colors and color combinations on a person.

When choosing color combinations of coatings, their harmony should be the first and main condition.

2. To obtain harmonious color combinations, it is necessary that there is a certain relationship between colors (contrast or similarity between colors in hue, lightness or saturation).

3. The relationship between colors is achieved using the principles of choosing color combinations along the color wheel (Fig. 1).

Color circle

F - yellow; ZhO - yellow-orange; O - orange; KO - red-orange; K - red; P - purple; FP - violet-purple; F - purple; C - blue; SZ - blue-green; Z - green; ZhZ - yellow-green; I, II, Ш, IV - color zones

Crap. 1

4. When choosing color combinations, take into account the characteristics of the four psychological optimal primary colors - yellow (221), red (7), blue (427), green (324) and intermediate ones - orange, violet-purple, yellow-green.

5. Color combinations are divided into five main groups according to psychophysiological characteristics: contrasting, related, related-contrasting, equitonal, complex.

6 . Contrasting combinations are characterized by the use of colors that have significant differences in hue, saturation and lightness.

Contrasting combinations are the brightest and most active in perception.

To enhance the contrast, take into account the size and configuration of the surface of coatings of different colors, and their relative position.

6.1. Contrasting colors in hue should be on opposite sides of the color wheel (Fig. 2). When combined, these colors, with the same saturation and lightness values, should enhance each other’s saturation and be perceived as brighter.

6.2. Contrasting colors in lightness should vary significantly with the same hue and saturation.

6.3. Contrasting colors should vary significantly in saturation with the same hue and lightness.

7. Related combinations are characterized by the use of colors that are on the color wheel within the two main adjacent colors and contain their shades (Fig. 3). There are four types of related combinations: yellow-red, red-blue, blue-green, green-yellow.

Schemes of combinations of contrasting colors by color tone

Crap. 2

Schemes of combinations of related colors

Crap. 3

Related combinations are soft, little active, static in perception.

8. Related-contrasting combinations are characterized by the use of colors that are located on the color wheel in adjacent sectors and contain shades of one primary color and two adjacent primary colors (Fig. 4). There are four types related and contrasting combinations: green-yellow-red, yellow-red-blue, red-blue-green, blue-green-yellow.

Schemes of related and contrasting color combinations

Crap. 4

Relatedly contrasting colors are active and dynamic in perception.

9. Equivalent combinations are characterized by the use of colors of the same color tone with the same saturation, but different lightness; with the same lightness, but different saturation; at different lightness and saturation.

10. Complex combinations are characterized by the use of chromatic and achromatic colors. Achromatic colors agree well with chromatic colors at different and equal lightness.

11. When choosing harmonious color combinations for products, 10 take into account: the correspondence of colors and their combinations to the functional purpose and operating conditions of the product, volumetric-spatial structure, tectonics, dimensions and plasticity of the external shape of the product; information content and labor safety requirements; fashion color preferences; color and graphic diagram of the appearance of the product; characteristics of the texture and gloss of enamels of selected colors and the quality of the coating.

APPENDIX 6 Information
EXAMPLE OF SELECTION OF COATINGS BY DECORATIVE PROPERTIES

1. Selection of paint and varnish material for finishing the cabin of the designed model of a MAZ truck.

2 . In terms of decorative properties, the coating must correspond to the functional purpose and operating conditions of the vehicle.

3. The color of the car cabin should be contrasting with the color of the environment (the color of the road, greenery, etc.). The cabin should be light or bright. The reflection of light from the paintwork of the cabin (especially the roof) must be high (at least 60%) so that the cabin is minimally heated by sunlight.

4. To ensure favorable working conditions for the driver, the color of the cabin should not be dark, and the surface should be mirror-glossy. To quickly remove dirt, the texture should be smooth.

5. The volumetric-spatial structure, tectonics, dimensions, plasticity of the external shape of the designed cabin require its one-color painting with enamels of light or bright colors. The color should be clean, uncontaminated, bright, expressing the power of the car, and not causing negative emotions or unpleasant associations.

6. To create color diversity on city streets, on roads, construction sites, etc., color must be one of the colors that complement each other in the color scheme of automobile transport, road construction vehicles.

7. The enamel of the chosen color must be mass-produced.

8. The requirements of paragraphs. 2 - 7 answer, for example, orange (121, 128) and yellow (285, 286) colors. Coverage class III in accordance with .

9. The car is operated in atmospheric conditions of temperate and tropical climates, becomes dirty with road dust, dirt and is subjected to periodic washing with hot and cold water using brushes. The time between repairs is 3 years, the car is constantly maintained.

10. The specified operating conditions are satisfied by paint and varnish coatings obtained on the basis of melamine-alkyd enamel ML-12 and perchlorovinyl enamel XB-110.

The coating system, consisting of two layers of ML-12 enamel applied to a primed surface, is stable in atmospheric conditions of temperate and tropical climates for 3 years.

The coating system, consisting of two layers of XB-110 enamel applied to a phosphated and primed surface, is also stable in temperate and tropical climates for 3 years.

11. In terms of color, texture, gloss and class of enamel ML-12 and XB-110 meet the requirements: the color of enamel ML-12 is orange (121, 128), the color of enamel XB-110 is yellow (285, 286), coatings according to the recommended - smooth , glossy (ML-12), semi-gloss (ХВ-110), maximum achieved coating class II for enamel ML-12 and III for enamel XB-110.

12. Taking into account the level of production of the painting area (production - serial, painting on flow conveyors by pneumatic spraying or spraying in an electric field, drying in thermoradiation drying chambers at a temperature of 130 ºС), you should choose ML-12 enamel, which is applied using the specified method and has a mode thermoradiation drying at a temperature of 130 ºС for 20 min.

XB-110 enamel is applied by pneumatic spraying and has a drying mode at a temperature of 18-23 ºС for 3 hours or at a temperature of 60 ºС for 1 hour.

Thus, to paint the designed model of a MAZ truck, ML-12 enamel according to GOST 9754-76* in orange color (121, 128) should be used.

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GOST 23852-79

Group T95

INTERSTATE STANDARD

PAINT COATINGS

General requirements for selection of decorative properties

Coatings of lacquers and paints.

General requirements for choice

by decorative properties

MKS 25.220.60

Date of introduction 1981-01-01

By Decree of the USSR State Committee on Standards dated September 28, 1979 N 3734, the introduction date was set at 01/01/81

The validity period was lifted according to Protocol No. 4-93 of the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (IUS 4-94)

EDITION with Amendment No. 1, approved in May 1985 (IUS 8-85)

1. This standard applies to paint and varnish coatings (hereinafter referred to as coatings) of industrial products and establishes general technical requirements for the selection of coatings based on decorative properties.

2. Decorative properties mean the properties of the coating that ensure its aesthetic perception.

The decorative properties of the coating are characterized by color, gloss, texture and class according to GOST 9.032-74.

3. The choice of coating based on decorative properties is made at the design stage in the process of artistic design of products.

4a. The finishing options developed during the artistic design process are recorded in a map of the color and texture solution for finishing the product.

(Introduced additionally, Amendment No. 1).

4. Coatings in terms of decorative properties must correspond to the functional purpose and operating conditions, volumetric-spatial structure, tectonics, dimensions, plasticity of the external shape of the product, aesthetic expressiveness and harmony of color and texture combinations of the surface of the product.

5. The choice of coatings by color, gloss and texture is made according to the table.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

6. Classes of coatings for groups of products are given in Appendix 1. The class of coatings for the surfaces of products that are constantly in the human field of vision must be at least IV.

7. The selection of paints and varnishes that provide the required class, texture and gloss of the coating is carried out according to Appendices 2 and 3, color - according to the standards or technical specifications for paints and varnishes.

8. The assessment of compliance of the coating with the requirements of clause 4 is carried out using the expert method.

9. The choice of surface preparation operation by painting and drying the coating is carried out according to Appendix 4.

10. Types of harmonious color combinations are given in Appendix 5.

11. An example of choosing coatings based on decorative properties is given in Appendix 6.

ANNEX 1

Mandatory

COATING CLASSES FOR PRODUCTS

Edition with Change No. 1, approved in May 1985 (IUS 8-85).

By Decree of the USSR State Committee on Standards dated September 28, 1979 No. 3734, the introduction date was set

01.01.81

The validity period was lifted according to Protocol No. 4-93 of the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (IUS 4-94)

1. This standard applies to paint and varnish coatings (hereinafter referred to as coatings) of industrial products and establishes general technical requirements for the selection of coatings based on decorative properties.

2. Decorative properties mean the properties of the coating that ensure its aesthetic perception.

The decorative properties of the coating are characterized by color, gloss, texture and class according to GOST 9.032-74.

3. The choice of coating based on decorative properties is carried out at the design stage in the process of artistic design of products.

4a. The finishing options developed during the artistic design process are recorded in a map of the color and texture solution for finishing the product.

(Introducedadditionally, Rev. No. 1).

4. Coatings in terms of decorative properties must correspond to the functional purpose and operating conditions, volumetric-spatial structure, tectonics, dimensions, plasticity of the external shape of the product, aesthetic expressiveness and harmony of color and texture combinations of the surface of the product.

5. The selection of coatings by color, gloss and texture is carried out according to the table.

6. Classes of coatings for groups of products are given in Appendix 1. The class of coatings for the surfaces of products that are constantly in the human field of vision must be at least IV.

7. The selection of paints and varnishes that provide the required class, texture and gloss of the coating is carried out according to Appendices 2 and 3, color - according to the standards or technical specifications for paints and varnishes.

8. The assessment of compliance of the coating with the requirements of clause 4 is carried out using the expert method.

9. The choice of surface preparation operation by painting and drying the coating is carried out according to Appendix 4.

10. Types of harmonious color combinations are given in Appendix 5.

11. An example of choosing coatings based on decorative properties is given in Appendix 6.

ANNEX 1

Mandatory

COATING CLASSES FOR PRODUCTS

* For all-wheel drive vehicles of especially small and medium class, body coverage is not lower than III.

** For a small class bus of the “Yunost” type, the body covering class is not lower than II

Notes:

1. When several classes are specified for the same surfaces, the specific class is established according to the standards or technical specifications for the product.

2. Classes of coatings for products manufactured for export are established according to the standards or technical specifications for the product.

APPENDIX 2

COATINGS FOR ENAMELS AND VARNISHES

* With polishing.

APPENDIX 3

MAXIMUM ACHIEVEABLE COATING CLASS FOR PRIMERS

Notes:

1. For smooth patterned and embossed coatings using the above primers, a maximum coating class of II can be achieved.

2. For coatings with putty, the choice of primer does not depend on the required class of coating.

3. The specified classes of coatings can only be obtained in combination with the paint and varnish materials given in Appendix 2.

APPLICATIONS1 - 3 . (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

APPENDIX 4

SURFACE PREPARATION OPERATIONS, PAINTING AND DRYING METHODS FOR OBTAINING DIFFERENT CLASSES OF COATINGS

Notes:

1. For coatings with putty, surface preparation operations before painting are not standardized.

2. It is allowed to use other surface preparation operations, in addition to those indicated in the table, that ensure the required quality of the painted metal surface in accordance with GOST 9.032-74 and other methods of painting and drying that ensure the required quality of the coating.

3. For class IV coatings, the number of abrasive paper and electric wire is not regulated.

APPENDIX 5

Information

TYPES OF HARMONIOUS COLOR COMBINATIONS

1. The use of paint and varnish coating colors to create appropriate color schemes for products is determined by the psychological (emotional) and physiological impact of individual colors and color combinations on a person.

When choosing color combinations of coatings, their harmony should be the first and main condition.

2. To obtain harmonious color combinations, it is necessary that there is a certain relationship between colors (contrast or similarity between colors in hue, lightness or saturation).

3. The relationship between colors is achieved using the principles of choosing color combinations along the color wheel (Fig. 1).

Color circle

AND- yellow; JO- yellow-orange; ABOUT- orange; KO- red-orange; TO- red; P- purple; FP- violet-purple; F- violet; WITH- blue; NW- blue-green; Z- green; ZhZ- yellow-green; I, II, III, IV- color zones

4. When choosing color combinations, take into account the characteristics of the four psychological optimal primary colors - yellow (221), red (7), blue (427), green (324) and intermediate ones - orange, violet-purple, yellow-green.

5. Color combinations are divided into five main groups according to psychophysiological characteristics: contrasting, related, related-contrasting, equitonal, complex.

6. Contrasting combinations are characterized by the use of colors that have significant differences in hue, saturation and lightness.

Contrasting combinations are the brightest and most active in perception.

To enhance the contrast, take into account the size and configuration of the surface of coatings of different colors, and their relative position.

6.1. Contrasting colors in hue should be on opposite sides of the color wheel (Fig. 2). When combined, these colors, with the same saturation and lightness values, should enhance each other’s saturation and be perceived as brighter.

6.2. Contrasting colors in lightness should vary significantly with the same hue and saturation.

6.3. Contrasting colors should vary significantly in saturation with the same hue and lightness.

7. Related combinations are characterized by the use of colors that are on the color wheel within the two main adjacent colors and contain their shades (Fig. 3). There are four types of related combinations: yellow-red, red-blue, blue-green, green-yellow.

Schemes of combinations of contrasting colors by color tone

Schemes of combinations of related colors

Related combinations are soft, little active, static in perception.

8. Related-contrasting combinations are characterized by the use of colors that are located on the color wheel in adjacent sectors and contain shades of one primary color and two adjacent primary colors (Fig. 4). There are four types of related-contrasting combinations: green-yellow-red, yellow-red-blue, red-blue-green, blue-green-yellow.

Schemes of related and contrasting color combinations

Relatedly contrasting colors are active and dynamic in perception.

9. Equivalent combinations are characterized by the use of colors of the same color tone with the same saturation, but different lightness; with the same lightness, but different saturation; at different lightness and saturation.

10. Complex combinations are characterized by the use of chromatic and achromatic colors.

Achromatic colors agree well with chromatic colors at different and equal lightness.

11. Choosing harmonious color combinations for products according to paragraphs. 6 - 10 take into account: compliance of colors and their combinations with the functional purpose and operating conditions of the product, volumetric-spatial structure, tectonics, dimensions and plasticity of the external shape of the product; information content and labor safety requirements; fashion color preferences; color and graphic diagram of the appearance of the product; characteristics of the texture and gloss of enamels of selected colors and the quality of the coating.

APPENDIX 6

Information

EXAMPLE OF SELECTION OF COATINGS BY DECORATIVE PROPERTIES

1. Selection of paint and varnish material for finishing the cabin of the designed model of a MAZ truck.

2. In terms of decorative properties, the coating must correspond to the functional purpose and operating conditions of the vehicle.

3. The color of the car cabin should be contrasting with the color of the environment (the color of the road, greenery, etc.). The cabin should be light or bright. The reflection of light from the paintwork of the cabin (especially the roof) must be high (at least 60%) so that the cabin is minimally heated by sunlight.

4. To ensure favorable working conditions for the driver, the color of the cabin should not be dark, and the surface should be mirror-glossy. To quickly remove dirt, the texture should be smooth.

5. The volumetric-spatial structure, tectonics, dimensions, plasticity of the external shape of the designed cabin require its one-color painting with enamels of light or bright colors. The color should be clean, uncontaminated, bright, expressing the power of the car, and not causing negative emotions or unpleasant associations.

6. To create color diversity on city streets, on roads, construction sites, etc., color must be one of the colors that complement each other in the color scheme of automobile transport, road construction vehicles.

7. The enamel of the chosen color must be mass-produced.

8. The requirements of paragraphs. 2 - 7 answer, for example, orange (121, 128) and yellow (285, 286) colors. Coverage class III in accordance with Appendix 1.

9. The car is operated in atmospheric conditions of temperate and tropical climates, becomes dirty with road dust, dirt and is subjected to periodic washing with hot and cold water using brushes. The time between repairs is 3 years, the car is constantly maintained.

10. The specified operating conditions are satisfied by paint and varnish coatings obtained on the basis of melamine-alkyd enamel ML-12 and perchlorovinyl enamel XB-110.

The coating system, consisting of two layers of ML-12 enamel applied to a primed surface, is stable in atmospheric conditions of temperate and tropical climates for 3 years.

The coating system, consisting of two layers of XB-110 enamel applied to a phosphated and primed surface, is also stable in temperate and tropical climates for 3 years.

11. In terms of color, texture, gloss and class of enamel ML-12 and XB-110 meet the requirements: the color of enamel ML-12 is orange (121, 128), the color of enamel XB-110 is yellow (285, 286), coatings according to the recommended Appendix 2 - smooth, glossy (ML-12), semi-gloss (XB-110), the maximum achieved coating class is II for ML-12 enamel and III for XB-110 enamel.

12. Taking into account the level of production of the painting area (production - serial, painting on flow conveyors by pneumatic spraying or spraying in an electric field, drying in thermoradiation drying chambers at a temperature of 130 ° C), you should choose ML-12 enamel, which is applied using the specified method and has thermoradiation drying mode at a temperature of 130 °C for 20 minutes.

XB-110 enamel is applied by pneumatic spraying and has a drying mode at a temperature of 18 - 23 ° C for 3 hours or at a temperature of 60 ° C for 1 hour.

Thus, to paint the designed model of a MAZ truck, you should use ML-12 enamel in accordance with GOST 9754-76 in orange color (121, 128).